Fluid power with Applications

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Minsung Hong

mshong@ajou.ac.kr
Paldal-Kwan #716

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Chap 5. Hydraulic Pumps

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펌프 서론
 동적 (Dynamic) 펌프
• Low pressure, high-volume flow application

 용적식 (Positive displacement) 펌프

• Ejects a fixed amount of fluid per revolution of pump shaft
• Resistance to flow due to friction
• Overcome the pressure from the mechanical loads

 Advantage
• High-pressure capability (up to 12,000psi)
• Small, compact size
• High volumetric efficiency
• Small changes in efficiency
• General flexibility of performance

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Pumping Theor y

 Pumping action of a single piston pump

Fig. 5-4 [In textbook]

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동적 펌프
 Centrifugal (impeller) pump
 Axial (propeller) pump

Fig. 5-5 [In textbook]

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용적식 펌프

 Gear pumps (fixed displacement only)

• External gear pumps
• Internal gear pumps
• Lobe pumps
• Screw pumps

 Vane pumps
• Unbalanced vane pumps (fixed or variable displacement)
• Balanced vane pumps (fixed displacement only)

 Piston pumps (fixed or variable displacement)

• Axial design
• Radial design

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외접 기어 펌프

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외접 기어 펌프
External Gear Pump Working Animation With Detail Explanation | TS7STUDYZON
E

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External gear pumps

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Q vs N & P vs Q ( 용적식 펌프 )

Fig. 5-8 [In textbook]

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내접 기어 펌프

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내접 기어 펌프
Internal Gear Pump Working Animation with Detail Explanation | TS7STUDYZONE

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Lobe( 로브 ) pump

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Lobe( 로브 ) pump
Rotary Lobe Pump Working Animation With Detail Explanation | TS7STUDYZONE

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Gerotor( 제로터 ) pump

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Gerotor( 제로터 ) pump
Best Method to Make/Constrain Gerotor (Oil/Hydraulic) Pump in Solidworks|JOKO
ENGINEERING|

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Screw( 스크루 ) pump

Fig. 5-15 [In text-

book]
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Screw( 스크루 ) pump

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Vane( 베인 ) pump

Fig. 5-17 [In text-

book]

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Vane( 베인 ) pump
Rotary Vane Pump working animation with detail explanation | TS7STUDYZONE

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P vs Q (pressure-compensated vane pump)

Fig. 5-19 [In textbook]

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엑시얼 피스톤 펌프 ( 사판식 / 사축식 )

Fig. 5-23 [In textbook]

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엑시얼 피스톤 펌프

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Axial piston pump( 사축식 )
 Volumetric displacement change w/offset angle

Fig. 5-24 [In textbook]

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피스톤 펌프의 배제 용적과 이론 유량
 q = offset angle (o)
 S = piston stroke (in, m)
 D = piston circle diameter (in, m)
 Y = number of pistons
 A = piston area (in2, m2)
 N = pump speed (rpm)
 QT = theoretical flow-rate (gpm, m3/min)

S
tan( )   S  D tan( )
D
VD  YAS  YAD tan( )
DANY tan( )
QT ( gpm) 
231
QT (m 3 / min)  DANY tan( )

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인라인 피스톤 펌프 ( 사판식 )

Fig. 5-27 [In textbook]

Fig. 5-26 [In textbook] Fig. 5-28 [In textbook]

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In-line pump(swash plate design)
 Variation in pump displacement

Fig. 5-29 [In textbook]

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펌프 효율
 Volumetric efficiency(hv): 용적 효율
actual flow  rate produced by pump QA
v  
theoretica l flow  rate pump should produce QT
 Mechanical efficiency (hm): 기계적 효율
pump output power assu min g no leakage pQT
m  
actual power delivered to pump TA N
theoretica l torque required to operate pump TT
m  
actual torque delivered to pump TA
VD ( m 3 )  p( Pa )
TT ( N  m ) 
2
actual power delivered to pump( W )
TA 
N ( rad / s )
2
N ( rad / s )  N ( rpm )
60
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Pump efficiencies
 Overall efficiency: 전효율
• Metric units
actual power delivered by pump pQA
ηo = =
actual power delivered to pump TA N

• English units

actual horsepower delivered by pump

ηo =
actual horsepower delivered to pump
QA pQT / 1714
ηo = ηv × ηm = ×
QT TA N / 63,000

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Pump per formance cur ves

Fig. 5-33 [In textbook]

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펌프 성능 인자 비교

Fig. 5-35 [In textbook]

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Pump noise( 소음 )

Fig. 5-36 [In textbook]

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Sound intensity( 강도 ) levels(dB)
 Intensity
• 단위면적에 전달되는 소리 에너지의 비율
• Unit: W/m2
• Generally expressed in energy transfer rate (dB)

I
I ( B )  log
I ( hearing threshold )
I (mod erate sound )  log 105  5 B
I
I ( dB )  10 log
I ( hearing threshold )
I ( final )
dB increase  10 log
I ( initial )

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Control of noise levels
 Make changes to the source of the noise

 Modify components connected to the primary source of the noise

 Use sound-absorption materials( 소음 흡수 소재 ) in nearby screens

Fig. 5-38 [In textbook]

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P u m p n o i s e a s a p e r f o r m a n c e pa r a m e t e r

Fig. 5-37 [In textbook]

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펌프 캐비테이션 (cavitation)
 유압유의 혼입공기 방울이나 기체화에 의해 소음 발생
 높은 유체속도와 충격력을 생성하여 부식으로 수명 단축

 Keep suction line velocities below 1.2m/s

 Keep pump inlet lines as short as possible
 Minimize the number of fittings in the inlet line
 Mount the pump as close as possible to the reservoir
 Use low-pressure drop inlet filters or strainers
 Use the proper oil as recommended by the pump manu-
facturer

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펌프 선정
 Select the actuator that is appropriate based on the loads
encountered
 Determine the flow-rate requirements
 Select the system pressure
 Determine the pump speed and select the prime mover
 Select the pump type based on the application
 Select the reservoir and associated plumbing
 Consider factors (noise level, horsepower loss, heat ex-
changer, pump wear, and scheduled maintenance service)
 Calculate the overall cost of the system

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