COMPUTER

NETWORKS

MADE BY: STOICA VADIM

GROUP: RC-0120
THE CONCEPT OF "COMPUTER NETWORKS"

• A computer network is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that

are linked together to enable communication and the sharing of resources. These
interconnected computers and devices can be physically connected through wired
connections like Ethernet cables or wirelessly connected using technologies such as
Wi-Fi.

• In a computer network, data and information can be transmitted between

connected devices, allowing them to communicate and collaborate with each other.
This communication can take various forms, including sending emails, sharing
files, accessing websites, or even controlling remote devices.
 COMPUTER NETWORKS SERVE SEVERAL KEY PURPOSES:

• Communication: Computer networks enable efficient and seamless communication among individuals, businesses, and organizations. They provide the
infrastructure for email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and voice-over-IP (VoIP) calls, allowing people to connect in real time across the globe.
• Resource Sharing: Networks allow the sharing of hardware resources (such as printers and scanners) and software applications among connected devices. This
improves resource utilization and reduces costs.
• Data Sharing and Collaboration: Networks facilitate the sharing of data and files, enabling individuals and teams to collaborate on projects, edit documents
simultaneously, and access shared resources from various locations.
• Internet Access: Most computer networks provide access to the internet, which is a vast source of information, services, and entertainment. Internet connectivity is
essential for research, education, business, and personal use.
• Centralized Data Management: Networks often incorporate central servers for data storage and management. This ensures data consistency, backup, and secure
access control.
• Remote Access: Networks enable remote access to resources and applications, allowing individuals to work from home, access company data while traveling, and
control remote devices and systems.
• Security: Computer networks implement security measures to protect data and prevent unauthorized access. This includes firewalls, intrusion detection systems,
encryption, and user authentication..
• Efficiency: Networks optimize resource utilization by enabling the centralized management of resources and efficient data routing. This leads to improved
workflow efficiency and productivity.
• Entertainment and Media: Computer networks support the delivery of entertainment and media content, including streaming services, online gaming, social media
platforms, and content sharing.
• Smart Technologies: Networks are a fundamental component of smart homes, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT). They connect and enable
communication between various smart devices and sensors for automation and data analysis.
• Education: Educational institutions use computer networks for online learning platforms, virtual classrooms, and digital resources, making education more
 TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
1. Local Area Network (LAN):
1. Scope: LANs are confined to a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or campus.
2. Purpose: LANs are used for connecting devices within a small area to share resources like printers, files, and internet access.
3. Technology: LANs typically use Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi for wireless connections.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN):
1. Scope: WANs span a larger geographical area, potentially covering cities, states, or even countries.
2. Purpose: WANs connect LANs and remote locations to enable long-distance communication and resource sharing.
3. Technology: WANs rely on technologies like leased lines, optical fibers, and the internet for connectivity.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
1. Scope: MANs cover a metropolitan or city-sized area.
2. Purpose: MANs connect multiple LANs within a city to facilitate data exchange, often used by organizations with multiple branches in
one city.
3. Technology: MANs can use a combination of Ethernet, fiber optics, and wireless connections.
4. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
1. Scope: WLANs are similar to LANs but use wireless technology for connections.
2. Purpose: WLANs provide the flexibility of mobility and are commonly used in homes, offices, and public places like cafes.
3. Technology: Wi-Fi is the most common technology for WLANs.
 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
• A computer network consists of a collection of interconnected computing devices that communicate with each other to enable the sharing
of resources and the exchange of data. These components may include:

• Computers: The machines that are part of the network and can be personal computers, servers or other devices with processing
capabilities.

• Switches: Devices that direct data traffic on the network, connecting different computers and devices together.
• Routers: Devices that connect the local network to other networks or the Internet, managing the data transmission path between them.
• Firewalls: Specialized network security devices or software that help protect against unauthorized access and threats.
• Servers: Specialized computers that provide network services or resources, such as file servers, web servers, email servers, etc.
• Network Attached Storage (NAS): Devices that enable centralized storage and sharing of data over a network.
• Wired or wireless connections: The physical or wireless infrastructure that connects devices and allows them to communicate with each
other.

• Communication protocols: Sets of rules and standards that govern how devices on a network communicate and exchange data.
• IP addresses and port numbers: Unique identifiers for each device and service on the network that allow them to be routed and
identified.

• Network Management Software: Applications and tools that help manage, monitor, and secure your network.
 CONCLUSION

• In summary, computer networks are the foundation of the modern

interconnected world, impacting nearly every aspect of our lives. Their
importance extends to communication, education, commerce, healthcare,
entertainment, and the overall functioning of societies and economies. As
technology continues to evolve, computer networks will likely play an
even more significant role in shaping the future