1.

1
Four ways to represent a function
 What are functions about?
•Dependence/correspondence: Input -> Output
Example: Maximum temperatures measured in Bloemfontein from 20 to 28 January

Date 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Max Temps 27 23 21 26 27 30 30 32 29

• M = f(t) (maximum temp is a function of time/day)

Note: Each date only has 1
highest possible temperature
 Definition of a function
A rule which takes input values and gives to each input value a
unique (only one) output value.

Concepts:
• Domain = The set of input numbers
• Range = The set of output numbers
• Independent variable
• Dependent variable
Function vs. Relation
 Example 1

a) Find the values of and .

b) What are the domain and range of ?

𝑇h𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝h 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓 .

 Example 2
Sketch the graph and find the domain and range:
 Representation of functions

1. Tables
2. Graphs
3. Formulas
4. Words
5. More?
 Example 4
You open the warm water tap. The temperature, , of the water depends on
how long the tap has been open.
Draw a rough graph of against the time which passes starting when the tap
was opened.
 Example 6
Find the domain of each function:
(a)
(b)

We will also do exercises 42 and 44 together .

 This is an example of a
piece-wise defined
function.
The vertical line test
Which of the following graphs represent functions?
 Absolute value - ||
The absolute value || makes whatever is on the inside
always positive.

An absolute value function will always be a piecewise-function:

 Piece-wise defined functions
Let us take a look at examples 7, 8 and 9 in Stewart, p. 14

We will also do exercises 49, 53 and 54 together .

 Odd functions
Odd
functions
have
origin
symmetry

For an odd function, for each point (x, y) on the graph, the point
(-x, -y) is also on the graph.
SYMMETRY: Even and Odd functions

Even functions
Even
functions
have y-axis
symmetry

For an even function, for each point (x, y) on the graph, the point (-x,y)
is also on the graph.
 A function is even if for every number in the domain.

So if you plug a into the function and you get the original
function back again it is even.

f x   5 x  2 x  1
4 2 Is this function even?

YES
f  x   5( x)  2( x)  1  5 x  2 x  1
4 2 4 2

f x   2 x  x 3 Is this function even?

NO
f  x   2( x )  ( x)  2 x  x
3 3
 A function is odd if for every number in the
domain.
So if you plug a into the function and you get the negative of the
function back again (all terms change sign) it is odd.

f x   5 x  2 x  1
4 2 Is this function odd?

NO
f  x   5( x)  2( x)  1  5 x  2 x  1
4 2 4 2

f x   2 x  x 3 Is this function odd?

YES
f  x   2( x )  ( x)  2 x  x
3 3
 If a function is neither even nor odd we just say
neither.
Determine if the following functions are even, odd or neither.

Not the original and all terms

f x   5 x  1 3 didn’t change sign, so

NEITHER.

f  x   5 x   1  5 x  1
3 3

f x   3 x  x  2 4 2 Got f(x) back so

EVEN.

f  x   3( x)  ( x)  2  3 x  x  2
4 2 4 2
 sin(x) is an odd function

sin ( −𝑥 )=−sin ( 𝑥 )
cos(x) is an even function
 Example 11
Determine if the functions are even, odd or neither:
 Increasing and decreasing functions

A function is increasing over an interval [a,b] if

with

A function is decreasing over an interval [a,b] if

with
 List of exercises

• Theory: 1 – 4, 7, 12 – 19, 21 – 23, 25, 26, 29, 31 – 33, 35, 36

• Domain: 39 – 42, 44, 46
• Piecewise functions: 49 – 58
• Finding formulas: 59, 60, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71
• Even/odd: 78 – 85
• Interesting: 47*, 48*, 87*,88*