Animal Cells

and
Bacterial Cells
Plants Cells Animal Cells
• Usually larger in size • Comparatively
smaller size
• Enclosed by a rigid • Enclosed by a thin
cell wall in addition plasma membrane
to plasma
membrane.
Plants Cells Animal Cells
• Mature plant cell • Nucleus lies on one
contains large side of the
central vacuole. cytoplasm
• Centrioles are
normally absent
• Nucleus lies on except for lower
one side of the plant forms.
cytoplasm. • Lysosomes are rare
Plants Cells Animal Cells
• Centrioles are • Centrioles are
normally absent practically present
except for lower
plant forms

• Lysosomes are • Lysosomes are

always present in
rare
animal cells
Plants Cells Animal Cells
• Plant cell does not • Animal cell lacking
burst if placed in contractile vacuole
hypotonic solution usually burst if
placed in hypotonic
due to the
solution.
presence of cell
wall.
Plants Cells Animal Cells
• Cannot change its • Often changes its
shape. shape.
• Reserved food in • Reserved food in
form of glycogen
the form of starch.
• Cannot synthesize
• Synthesize all amino acids and
amino acids and vitamins required by
vitamins required them.
by them.
Animal Cells - are eukaryotic cells.

• the basic unit of life of organisms

which belong to kingdom Animalia

• It lacks a cell wall

Shapes and Sizes

• Animals cells comes in shapes and

sizes.
• Some cell are round, oval, flatten,rod
shape, concave, spherical and etc. This
is due to the lack of the cell wall.
 Animal cell
organelles and
its function(s)
Cell Membrane
• a barrier keeping the constituents of the
cell in and unwanted substances out and,
second, to be a gate
allowing transport into the cell of
essential nutrients and movement from
the cell of waste products.
Nucleus
• It controls the heredity characteristics of an
organism.
• It main cellular metabolism through controlling
synthesis of particular enzymes.
• It is responsible for protein synthesis, cell
division, growth and differentiation.
• Stores heredity material in the form of deoxy-
ribonucleic acid (DNA) strands.
Nucleolus
• helps in protein synthesis
and production of the
ribosome in the cells.
Centrosome
• It is a small organelle found near to
the nucleus which has a thick centre
with radiating tubules. The
centrosomes are where microtubules
are produced.
Cytoplasm
• is the gel-like, water-based fluid that
occupies the majority of the volume
of the cell. Cytoplasm functions as
the site of energy
production, storage, and the
manufacture of cellular components
Golgi Apparatus
• is responsible for transporting, modifying,
and packaging proteins and lipids into
vesicles for delivery to targeted
destinations. As the
secretory proteins move through the
Golgi apparatus, a number of chemical
modifications may transpire.
Mitochondrion
• They are spherical or rod-shaped
organelles with a double membrane. They
are the powerhouse of a cell as they play
an important role in releasing energy.

• the primary function of which is to

generate large quantities of energy in the
form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Ribosome
• They are small organelles made
up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic
granules, and they are the sites
of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• This cellular organelle is composed
of a thin, winding network of
membranous sacs originating from
the nucleus.
Vacuole
• A membrane-bound organelle
present inside a cell involved
in maintaining shape and
storing water, food, wastes,
etc.
 Animal Cell Types
There are numerous types of animal cells, each designed to serve
specific functions. The most common types of animal cells are:

• Skin Cells
• Muscle Cells
• Blood Cells
• Nerve Cells
• Fat Cells
Bacterias - are known for their role in causing
illnesses but there also good bacteria. They are single
cellular microscopic organism. Bacterial cells have fewer
structures compared to animal and plant cells. A
bacterium has a cell wall, a cell membrane and cytoplasm.
The nucleoloid floats freely in the cytoplasm directs the
activities of the cell.
bacterial cell- is a prokaryotic cell

• unicellular microorganism
• lacks the membrane-bound
nucleus
• much smaller in size than an
animal cell
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
• became the first to study bacteria under the
microscope
Capsule
• made up of polysaccharides
(complex carbohydrates).
• keep the bacterium from drying
out and to protect it from
phagocytosis (engulfing) by larger
microorganisms.
Flagella -

• Flagella (singular, flagellum) are hairlike

structures that provide a means of
locomotion for those bacteria that have
them.

• They can be found at either or both ends of

a bacterium or all over its surface.
Nucleoid -
• The nucleoid is a region of
cytoplasm where the
chromosomal DNA is located.
Pili -
• small hairlike projections emerging
from the outside cell surface.
• These outgrowths assist the bacteria
in attaching to other cells and
surfaces, such as teeth, intestines,
and rocks..
Ribosomes
• microscopic "factories" found in all cells,
including bacteria.
• They translate the genetic code from the
molecular language of nucleic acid to that of
amino acids—the building blocks of proteins.
• Bacterial ribosomes are similar to those of
eukaryotes, but are smaller and have a slightly
different composition and molecular structure
Cell Wall
• cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a
protein-sugar (polysaccharide) molecule.
• The wall gives the cell its shape and
surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane,
protecting it from the environment.
Cytoplasmic Membrane
• A layer of phospholipids and proteins,
called the cytoplasmic membrane,
encloses the interior of the bacterium,
regulating the flow of materials in and out
of the cell.
• a barrier that allows them to selectively
interact with their environment.
Animal Cell Bacterial Cell
• It contains a well- • It does not have a
defined membrane- well-defined,
enclosed nucleus. membrane-enclosed
• Membrane-bound nucleus.
cell organelles are • It does not have cell
present in the organelles.
cytoplasm • It has a well-defined
• It lacks the cell wall. cell wall.
Animal Cell Bacterial Cell
• It has irregular • It has well-defined
shapes as it lacks the cell shape.
cell wall. • It has a single
• It has many chromosome.
chromosomes. • It does not have
• It has mitochondria mitochondria.
in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic cells - are called so because
they have true nucleus. The nucleus, which houses
the DNA, is contained within a membrane and
separated from other cellular structures.
Prokaryotic cells however have no true nucleus.
DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the
rest of the cell but coiled up in a region called the
nucleoid. (nucleus like).
prokaryotes -include archaeans and
bacteria

Eukaryotes - include animals, plants,

fungi and protists
Eukaryotes -grow and reproduce through a
process called mitosis. In organisms that also
produce sexually, the reproductive cells are
produced by a type of cell division called meiosis.

prokaryotes -reproduce through a process called

binary fission
• binary fission, the single DNA molecule replicates
and the original cell is divided into two identical
daughter cells.
Eukaryotes- cellular respiration
reactions take place within
mitochondria.

Prokaryotes-they occur in the

cytoplasm and/or within the cell
membrane.