CAP 378: Artificial Intelligence

Introduction And Problem Solving :

Introduction To Artificial Intelligence

Types Of Intelligence
General Vs Narrow AI
Strong Vs Weak AI
Difference Between Human And Machine Intelligence
Applications Of AI
Approaches Of Artificial Intelligence
 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
• Today, artificial intelligence is used in a wide variety of applications such as:
• Engineering Engineering
• Technology
• Defense Technology
• Opinion Mining
• Sentiment Analysis, Defense

• Language Processing
AI Opinion Mining,
• Applications for Aerospace
• It is utilized in systems that recognize both voices and faces. Sentiment
Analysis,
• The most cutting-edge technology currently on the market are :
Language
• Virtual assistants Processing
• Apple's Siri
• Amazon's Alexa Applications
• Microsoft's Cortana
• Google's own Google Assistant
knowledge vs Intelligence
• The accumulation of information and abilities that a person
has gained through their life experiences is known as
knowledge.

• While intelligence refers to one's capacity to put one's

knowledge into practice.

• Knowledge enables one to learn the understandings that

others have of things

• Whereas intelligence is the foundation for one's ability

to grasp the things themselves.
God Father of AI: Geoffrey Hinton
Definition: AI
Milestone: AI
 Objective: AI

AI is the ability of a machine to display human-like capabilities

such as reasoning, learning, planning, and creativity. Human Like
Thinking

Capable ->
Logical
Thought

Mimic
human
Behaviour

Behave in a
logical Way
 Working Process of AI
In order to actually understand how artificial intelligence
system work we need to have a basic knowledge of its
domains:
Deep Learning
Machine Learning
AI

• Deep Learning: Subset of machine learning in which

multilayered neural networks learn from vast
amounts of data.

• Machine Learning: Algorithms whose performance

improve as they are exposed to more data over time.

• AI: A program that can sense, reason, act and adapt.

 Levels: AI
• Basically there are two levels of AI:

• Software AI Level
Software
• Search Engines
• Virtual Assistants
• Speech and facial Recognition
System
• Picture Analysis Tools

Hardware
• Robots
• Hardware • Autonomous Vehicles
• Drones
• IoT
 Types Of Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence can be divided based on
capabilities and functionalities.

There are three types of Artificial Intelligence-

based on capabilities -
• Narrow AI
• General AI
• Super AI

Under functionalities, we have four types of

Artificial Intelligence -
• Reactive Machines
• Limited Theory
• Theory of Mind
• Self-awareness
 Types: Narrow AI
• Narrow AI, also called as Weak AI, focuses on one narrow
task and cannot perform beyond its limitations.
• It targets a single subset of cognitive abilities and advances in
that spectrum.
• Narrow AI applications are becoming increasingly common in
our day-to-day lives as machine learning and deep learning
methods continue to develop.
• Apple Siri is an example of a Narrow AI that operates with a
limited pre-defined range of functions. Siri often has problems Cognitive
with tasks outside its breadth of abilities. Abilities
• IBM Watson supercomputer is another example of a Narrow
AI. It applies cognitive computing, machine learning, and
natural language processing to process information and
answers your queries. IBM Watson once out-performed human
contestant Ken Jennings to become the champion on the
popular game show, Jeopardy!.
• Other examples of Narrow AI include google translate, image
recognition software, recommendation systems, spam filtering,
and Google’s page-ranking algorithm.
 Types: General AI
General AI, also known as strong AI, can understand and learn
any intellectual task that a human being can. It allows a machine
to apply knowledge and skills in different contexts.

General AI has received a $1 billion investment from Microsoft

through OpenAI.

Fujitsu has built the K computer, which is one of the fastest

supercomputers in the world. It is one of the significant attempts
at achieving strong AI. It took nearly 40 minutes to simulate a
single second of neural activity. Hence, it is difficult to determine
whether strong AI will be achieved shortly.

Tianhe-2 is a supercomputer that was developed by the China's

National University of Defense Technology. It holds the record
for cps (calculations per second) at 33.86 petaflops (quadrillions
of cps). Although that sounds exciting, the human brain is
estimated to be capable of one exaflop, i.e., a billion cps.
 Types: Super AI
• The term "super intelligence" usually refers to a
level of general and strong AI that is smarter
than humans.

SI=AI(General + Strong)

• SAI surpasses human intelligence and can

perform any task better than a human by
manifesting cognitive skills and developing
thinking skills of its own.
• It is considered as the most advanced, powerful,
and intelligent type of AI that transcends the
intelligence of some of the brightest minds,
such as Albert Einstein.
• Some of the critical characteristics of super AI
include thinking, solving puzzles, making
judgments, and decisions on its own.
https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-
tutorial/types-of-artificial-intelligence
Types of AI
Application of Artificial Intelligence
 Approaches of Artificial Intelligence
“How do we measure if Artificial Intelligence is making a machine to behave or act or perform like human being or
not?”

• Turing Test : to see if something is smart

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YUqHLxsmS0
• Approach of The Cognitive Modelling : Think humanly
• Approach of The Law of Thought: Logic
• Approach of The Rational Agent :
• the ability to think with reason
Approaches of Artificial Intelligence