ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

HISTORY

• since ancient times

• Greek god Hephaestus was depicted in myths as forging robot-like servants
out of gold
• Engineers in ancient Egypt built statues of gods animated by priests
• Throughout the centuries, thinkers from Aristotle to the 13th century Spanish
theologian Ramon Llull to René Descartes and Thomas Bayes used the tools
and logic of their times to describe human thought processes as symbols,
laying the foundation for AI concepts such as general knowledge
representation.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence

processes by machines, especially computer systems.
Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural
language processing, speech recognition and machine
vision.
HOW AI WORKS

• AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training

data, analyzing the data for correlations and patterns, and using
these patterns to make predictions about future states
THREE COGNITIVE SKILLS:

• Learning - acquiring data and creating rules for how to turn the
data into actionable information.
• Reasoning - acquiring data and creating rules for how to turn the
data into actionable information.

• Self-correction - designed to continually fine-tune algorithms

and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.
IMPORTANCE OF AI

a. perform tasks better than humans

b. complete jobs quickly and with relatively few errors
c. fuel an explosion in efficiency
d. opened the door to entirely new business opportunities
ADVANTAGES:

• Good at detail-oriented jobs

• Reduce time for data-heavy tasks

• Delivers consistent results

• Always available
DISADVANTAGES:

• Expensive
• Requires deep technical expertise

• Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools

• Only knows what it's been shown
• Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another
2 TYPES OF AI

• Strong AI

• Weak AI
WEAK AI

• known as narrow AI
• designed and trained to complete a specific task
• Example is the industrial robots and virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's
Siri
STRONG AI

• known as artificial general intelligence (AGI)

• escribes programming that can replicate the cognitive abilities of the human
brain
• When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system can use fuzzy
logic to apply knowledge from one domain to another and find a solution
autonomously.
4 TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Type 1: Reactive machines – have NO MEMORY and are TASK
SPECIFIC
• Type 2: Limited memory - have memory; can use past experiences to
inform future decisions (e.g. self-driving car)
• Type 3: Theory of mind - have a social intelligence to understand
emotions; able to infer human intentions and predict behavior
• Type 4: Self-awareness. - have a sense of self, which gives them
consciousness. Machines with self-awareness understand their own current
state. This type of AI does not yet exist.
EXAMPLES OF AI TECHNOLOGY AND HOW IT IS
USED TODAY
• Automation
• Machine learning
• Supervised learning
• Unsupervised learning
• Reinforcement learning

• Natural language processing

• Robotics
• Self-driving cars
APPLICATIONS OF AI

• AI in healthcare • AI in banking
• AI in business • AI in transportation
• AI in education • Security
• AI in finance • AI in healthcare
• AI in law
• AI in manufacturing