Parallel and Perpendicular

Lines
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

 Parallel Lines and Transversals.................................................................03

 Angles and Parallel Lines ........................................................................07
 Slopes of Lines ..........................................................................................26
 Equations of Lines......................................................................................32
 Proving Lines Parallel.................................................................................36
 Perpendiculars and Distance...................................................................40
 Practice Test ...............................................................................................41
Parallel Lines and Transversals

 Coplanar lines that do not intersect are called Parallel lines

 Lines that do not intersect and are not coplanar are called Skew. Segments and rays
contained in skew lines are also skew.
 A line that intersects two or more lines in a plane at different points is called a
transversal.
Refer to the figure

Name all planes that intersect plane ADM.

Name all segments that are parallel to line CD.
Name all segments that intersect KL.
Some of the runways at O’Hare International Airport are shown below. Identify the sets of
lines to which each given line is a transversal.

 line q
If the lines are extended, line q intersects lines l, n, p, and r.
 line m
lines l, n, p, and r
 line n
lines l, m, p, and q
 line r
lines l, m, p, and q
Skew lines

 Skew lines are defined as a pair of lines that are not parallel to one another and do not
intersect with one another. Skew lines are only possible in spaces with dimensions
greater than two-dimensionality. They have to be non-coplanar, which means that parallel
lines must be found in more than one plane.
Corresponding angles

 Same side of the parallel lines

 Same side of the transverse line.
Angle 1 and 2 are in the ratio 3:2, find all angles from 1 to 8.
Alternate angles
Co-interior angles or consecutive interior angles or allied angles

 Angles on the same side of the transversal line.

 They are supplementary
Find p, q, r, s
Refer to the figure below. Identify each pair of angles as alternate interior, alternate
exterior, corresponding, or consecutive interior angles.

a. Angles 1 and 7
b. Angles 2 and 10
c. Angles 8 and 9
d. Angles 3 and 12
e. Angles 4 and 10
f. Angles 6 and 11
Identify each pair of angles as alternate interior, alternate exterior, corresponding,
or consecutive interior angles.
Angles and Parallel Lines
 If angle 1= 3x + 40, angle 2 = 2(y -10), and angle 3 = 2x +70, find x and y.
 In the figure, angle 3=110 and angle 12 = 55. Find the measure of each angle.
Find x and y in each figure.
Find x and y in each figure.
Slopes of Lines
Find the Slope of a Line
Between 1990 and 2000, annual sales of inline skating equipment increased by an
average rate of $92.4 million per year. In 2000, the total sales were $1074.4
million. If sales increase at the same rate, what will the total sales be in 2008?
PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR
LINES
Determine whether AB and CD are parallel,
perpendicular, or neither.

a. A(-2, -5), B(4, 7), C(0, 2), D(8, -2)

b. A(-8, -7), B(4, -4), C(-2, -5), D(1, 7)
Graph the line that contains P(-2, 1) and is perpendicular to JK with J(-5, -4) and K(0, -2).
Equations of Lines

Slope Intercept form Point slope form

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line with slope of -4 and y-
intercept of 1.
Write an equation in point-slope form of the line whose slope is -1/2 that contains
(3, -7).
Write an equation in slope-intercept form for line .
Write an equation in slope-intercept form for a line containing (2, 0) that is
perpendicular to the line y = -x + 5.
Proving Lines Parallel
In the figure, line BG bisects angle ABH. Determine which
lines, if any, are parallel.
Perpendiculars and Distance
Practice Test

1. Refer to the figure

 Name all segments parallel to .
 Name all planes intersecting plane BCN.
 Name all segments skew to .
2. Identify each pair of angles as alternate interior, alternate exterior,
corresponding, or consecutive interior angles.

a. √2 and √5
b. √9 and √13
c. √12 and √13
d. √3 and √6
3. In the figure, m∟5 =72 and m∟9 =102. Find the measure of each
angle.

a. m∟1
b. m∟13
c. m∟4
d. m∟10
e. m∟7
f. m∟16
4. Find x and y in each figure.
5. Find the slope of each line.

a. a line parallel to
6. Determine whether and are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.

a. R(3, 5), S(5, 6), T(-2, 0), U(4, 3)

b. R(5, 11), S(2, 2), T(-1, 0), U(2, 1)
7. Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line having the given slope and
y-intercept.

m = 1, y-intercept: -5
8. Write an equation in point-slope form of the line having the given slope that
contains the given point.

m =3, (-2, 4)
9. Use the graph at the right. Write an equation in slope-intercept form for each line.

a. p
b. q
c. perpendicular to line r, contains (0, 1)
10. Given the following information, determine which lines, if any, are parallel. State the
postulate or theorem that justifies your answer.

a. ∟9 = ∟16
b. ∟10 = ∟16
c. ∟12 = ∟13
d. m∟12 + m∟14 = 180
11. Find x so that r || s.
12. Find the distance between pair of parallel lines.

y = 2x+4
y- 2x = -5
13. Construct a line perpendicular to l through P. Then find the
distance from P to l.

Line contains points (0, 4) and (-4, 0). Point P has coordinates (2, -1).