LESSON 1.

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY

Prepared by: Keith F. Labustro

 Objectives

01
Define what is
02
Describe how science
03
Recognize the
science. and technology may importance of
improve or not improve science in our
our way of life. daily lives.
 What is Science?

*Science is a continuous search for Knowledge.

*Science comes from the Latin word scientia (scientist-, sciens), which means “having
knowledge”.

*Science involves observations followed by experimentations leading to further

observations and further experimentations.
 Science as a Product and a Process

Science as a product is an ever- changing body of knowledge. Science is……

1. An ongoing process of investigating and thinking;

2. A way of thinking which involves reasoning; and

3. A way of investigating which involves questions, observations,

experimentations, and predictions.
 Science and Superstition

* Superstitions – are beliefs, which are not usually explained by the methods of
the natural sciences. They also began from curiosity and observation, but
unlike science, no experiments was conducted to test whether the claims are
correct or not.
Example:
-Some people believe that breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck.
- Wearing polka dot clothes at the beginning of the year will bring you more
money.

* Science – with proofs

 Branches of Science
1. Social science - Focuses primarily on the study of people, culture, and society.
- Economics, Geography, History, Law, Education, Sociology, and Psychology.

2. Natural Science - Seek to understand the natural world and its different processes.
- Biology, Chemistry, and Physics

Can be divided into:

a. Pure science is used in pursuit of new knowledge. It deals with new discoveries that may or may not have current practical
application.

2 divisions:
* Physical Sciences – Involve the study of nonliving things.
Physics – the science that deals with matter and energy and the interactions between them.
Chemistry- deals with matter, its composition, structure, and properties, the changes it undergoes, and the
energy accompanying these changes.
Earth science – the study of earth and its composition, what processes happen in its interior and its surface, and
how it is similar to and different with other entities in space. It includes the study of nonliving things such as rocks, soil, clouds, rivers,
oceans, planets, stars, and meteors. It also covers the weather and climate systems that affect earth. Meteorologists study weather
and climate. Earth scientists investigate how geologic features were formed on land and in the oceans. Geologists study rock and
geologic features.
 Table 1.1 Physical Sciences

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCES OVERLAPPING

SCIENCES
Kinetics Analytical Chemistry Astronomy Astrophysics

Nuclear Physics Inorganic Chemistry Geology Atmospheric Chemistry

Quantum Mechanics Nuclear Chemistry Hydrology Geochemistry

Aeronautics Organic Chemistry Meteorology Physical Chemistry

Solid State Physics Qualitative Chemistry Oceanography Physical Geology

Theoretical Physics Quantitative Chemistry Seismology Soil Chemistry

Thermodynamics Soil Science

Mechanics Volcanology

Mathematics serves as an important tool for all of these sciences.

*Biological Sciences – involves the study of living things. This group includes all the subspecialties in Biology.

Table 1.2 Biological Sciences

Biological Sciences Overlapping Sciences
Zoology Biochemistry
Botany Biophysics
Physiology Paleontology
Anatomy Astrobiology
Histology Human Kinetics
Cytology Ecology
Genetics Agricultural Chemistry
Taxonomy
Agriculture
Mathematics serves as an important tool for all of these
sciences.

b. Applied Sciences – uses the discoveries of pure sciences to create solutions and create products that can be used in actual
settings.
Example: Engineering, medicine, electronics, environmental science, and computer science.
 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
APPLIED
SCIENCE

SOCIAL SCIENCE NATURAL SCIENCE

Engineering,
Medicine,
Electronics,
Biology, Chemistry, Environmental
Economics, History, Law, Physics Science, Computer
Education, Sociology, Science
Psychology

PURE SCIENCE

BIOLOGICAL PHYSICAL
Zoology, Botany, SCIENCES
Physiology, Anatomy,
SCIENCES
Histology, Cytology,
Physics,
Genetics, Taxonomy,
Chemistry,
Agriculture
Earth Science
 TECHNOLOGY
Known as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Technology
uses concepts and ideas in science in developing products that assist people in their
daily lives. It can also be used to solve pressing problems that we encounter.

Examples:
- Electromagnetism gave rise to the invention of generators and power plants.
- The discovery of the conductive properties of metals brought about the use of
copper wires , which enabled the transmission of electricity over long distances

PRODUCTS OF TECHNOLOGY

MEDICINE
LAPTOP

CAR
CELLPHONE
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OUR
TECHNOLOGY
 LASER

- Is the acronym for light amplification

by simulated emission of radiation. It
has long been used to encode and
decode CD’s and DVD’s, cut glass and
steel, and study the composition of
the atmosphere. Today, it is being
used to repair the torn retina of the
eye, bore holes in the skull, and heat
blocked blood vessels. This
technology made bloodless operation
possible. Laser has become a
valuable tool for industry,
communication, and medicine.
 CT AND MRI SCANNERS

- CT or CAT is an acronym for

computerized axial tomography.
Using a type of x-ray device, it can
detect disorders of soft internal
organ tissues in the body. It can
identify cancerous cells, small fine
bones, and soft organs in an easier
and more accurate way.
 INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY

- Today, with the presence of

mobile phones, social
networking, e-mail, and the
internet, messages can be sent
to people instantly- and
replies could be sent just as
quickly.
 SELECTIVE BREEDING

Through practical application of

genetic principles, plant breeders
have increase yields, have
produced disease- resistant
crops, and have enhanced the
nutritional value of fruits and
vegetables. Biotechnology has
also improved the traits and
characteristics of crops that are
useful for storage, shipping, and
food processing.
 FOOD PRESERVATION

- Food preservation is one application of

science that is very helpful. For a
country like Philippines, where lot of
produce are seasonal, this means
lesser loss from spoilage. The shelf
life of food is prolonged, making
more food available to people over a
longer period of time.
 EFFECTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON
SOCIETY
Science and technology have influenced much of our lives. The fruit of research from the different
fields sof science have made people’s lives more convenient. Technology has definitely benefited
society. The distant places closer and simplified information access.

However, some products of science have also caused human society pain and destruction. Technology
was also responsible for weapons that brought violence within and among nations.

The bottomline is, there are positive and negative sides in everything, but it is up to humans as
consumers of science and technology to choose how they will be used.
 ASSIGNMENT

Give 5 positive and 5 negative effects of science and

technology on society .
THANK YOU