Lecture 3

Architectural Design
contents

 Stages of design
 Specification and requirement
 Methods of making line and detailed drawing
STAGES OF DESIGN

 1. Initial contact with the client

 2. Preliminary Design Study
 3. Initial Working Drawings
 4. Final Design Considerations
 5. Completion of Architectural and Engineering Drawings
 6. Building Permit Procedure
 7. Construction and Job Supervision
 8. As- Built Plans
 9. Occupancy
 2. Architectural Design Process
• Design is a creative process to solve a problem.

• Design involves a lot of decisions

• It is composed of phases and steps

Phases

• Planning Phase: Research & Data gathering

• Generation Phase: Solution creation

• Evaluation Phase: Testing solution

 Architectural Design Process (cont…)
Client Brief

Research
Planning
Design Program Phase
Site Analysis
Zone Diagram

Bubble Diagram
Generation
Schematic Diagram Phase`

Volumetric Study

Preliminary Design
Evaluation
Phase Final Design
 Architectural Design Process (cont…)

Client Brief

• The client has its own needs, testes and objectives

• Your task is to conceptualize and realize the client’s needs

• Client Brief includes

- Size - Religion - Aesthetical

- Age - Profession preference

-Gender - Functional

- Culture preference
 Architectural Design Process (cont…)

Research (Literature Review)

• information gathering about the project

• Sources: books, case study, visit, internet

• Project Research includes

- Function - Spatial Relationship

- Standard Size - Special Requirements

- Furniture - Light, View ,Noise

- Fixture
 Architectural Design Process (cont…)

Design Program

• a table consisting of space (room) types & their area

• based on Design Brief and Research

• E.g.

- Living + Dining Rm. …………..30m2

- Kitchen…………………………12m2

-Master Bed Rm. ……….……….20m2

• consult & check weather you attained the client’s need

 Design Process: Zone Diagram

• spaces which have similar & related function form zone

• Zone 1( Living Zone) Lobby, Living Rm, Garage, Veranda etc

• Zone 2( Meal Zone) Kitchen, Dining Rm, Breakfast Rm etc

• Zone 3( Sleeping Zone) Master Bed, Ch. Bed, Bath Rm. Etc

• Zone 4( Utility Zone) Store, Laundry, Traditional kitchen etc

• Zoning helps to decide

-Location - Orientation -Privacy

-Level - Circulation
Design Process: Zone Diagram
Design Process: Bubble Diagram
• zone diagram provides rough layout & arrangement zones
• but it is bubble diagram that provides rooms/ spaces
- Relationship - Orientation

- Location - Circulation

• bubbles represent rooms/spaces

• arrows represent circulation

• bubble diagrams are floor plans in terms of bubbles

• try to develop as many bubble diagram as possible till you

meet different design requirements
Design Process: Bubble Diagram
Design Process: Schematic Diagram

• from the bubble diagram the schematic diagram develops

• schematic diagram is a one line drawing

• at this point, think also about the appearance of the bldg

• spaces start to get exact shape, size and location

• consider also the impact of design factors

• you try a number of schematic diagram untill you attain the

clients needs and tests
Design Process: Schematic Diagram
Design Process: Volumetric Study

• when the plan gets shape, start to visualize the form

• perspective or isometric drawings

• volumetric model

• apply elements of design

• elements of design

• principles of design

• make as many volumetric study as possible to come up with

aesthetical pleasing form

Design Process: Preliminary Design

Develop the schematic diagram to preliminary design

• widening walls

• including openings

• structural elements

• adding furniture

• selecting interior and exterior finishing materials

• type of roof

• includes plans, section, elevations, site plan, 3Ds

Design Process: Final Design

• you show the preliminary design to your client

• after getting confirmation from client start preparation of

final design
• Final Design includes rendered, dimensioned and labled:

• Floor Plans
• Sections
• Elevations
• Site Plan
• 3D: Perspective or Model
Minimum requirements

 Room height :- 2.70m

 Any room side width should not be less than 2 meter
 A minimum width a corridor is 1.2meter
 5m*3m is enough for small car parking
 A room should have a minimum of 1.5m set back from
side building and 1m if it is blind wall.
 Fire exit stair should not be far from 15m.
 Ramp for humans -6%(max)
 Ramp for cars – 12%-15%(max).
Thumb Rules for Residential Building
• Living Room
-Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and South Side Exposure
- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the front door
• Dining Room
- Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and South or East Side Exposure
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
• Car Port/ Garage
-Minimum Area = 15m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Length = 5cm
- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the main gate
• Bed Room
- Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 2.7m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and East Side ( morning sun) Exposure
- Should be at the quiet part of the site preferably on upper floors
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
• Kitchen
-Minimum Area = 6m2
- Minimum Width = 1.8m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Should be at the back of a house adjacent to dining room
- Orient to north side ( cooler side) & kitchen yard
- Minimum Window area should be 15% of floor area
- Perimeter of work triangle should be between 3.6m to 6m
• Bath Room
- Minimum Area= 4m2
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm
- Bath Rooms should be adjacent to bed rooms
- Minimum Window height is 1.5m
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
• Half Bath Room
- For visitors and contain WC and HWB
- Minimum Area = 2.5m2
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm
- Should be near living & dining room
- Minimum Window height is 1.5m
- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile
• Study Room
-Minimum Width = 1.5m
 Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)

• Important Points
 Traffic circulation should follow day today activities
 Avoid traffic circulation through rooms
 If a traffic must pass through a room, arrange doors in such a way
that circulation
 affects one side or corner of the room
 The route from Garage to Kitchen be defined and short
 Circulation Area should not exceed 15% of total floor area
 Main Entrance near the center of a house decreases corridor length
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
 Main Entrance to a house should be emphasized, inviting and accessible
 In front of Main Entrance there should be a transitional space like:
Veranda, Canopy
 In side a house next to Main Entrance there should be a transitional
space:
Foyer, Lobby, Entrance Hall
 Make the Foyer or Entrance Hall the continuation of the exterior
 Rooms located on west side need sheding
 Locate rooms ( non- sensitive to harsh sun) like WCs, Bath Rms, Store
or Garage on west and south west side