VOLCANO

HAZARDS

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.

 VARIOUS
VOLCANO-
RELATED
HAZARDS
Fun Facts:
• Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,100
islands
• most of these islands are of volcanic origin
• There are 37 volcanoes in the Philippines, of which
18 are still active volcanoes.
• means that an eruption occurred in the last decennia
and that a new eruption can be expected in the
future.
Signs of Impending Volcanic
Eruptions
When you hear the words volcanic eruptions, what comes to your
mind? Would you consider these as disasters & why?
Potential Volcano-Related Hazards
Pyroclastic Flow
Ash falls
and Surges

Ballistic Lahars
ProjectileS (Mudflows)

Lava Flows Volcanic Gases

Pyroclastic Flow and Surges
• These hot, fast moving mixtures of ash, rock fragments and gas flow
from a collapsed eruption column or lava dome, travel down to the
valleys and cause total devastation of the area over which they flow.
Ballistic Projectiles
• ocks that an erupting volcano may hurl into the air.
• These blocks and bombs travel like cannonballs and usually land
within 2km of the vent (but can travel as far as 5km, or even further,
if the eruption is very explosive).
Lava Flows
• onsist of molten rocks that stream down the slope of a volcano,
destroying everything in its path and possibly causing forest fires
(typical of Hawaiian volcanoes).
• . As the volcano emits lava, it accumulates around the vent thereby
creating a lava dome. These lava domes are often unstable and
eventually they collapse and lead to pyroclastic flows.
Ash falls
• arge quantities of ash produced during a volcanic eruption can be
thick enough to collapse roofs, destroy vegetation and cause
aircraft, ship and car engines to malfunction.
• can also be very dangerous to people's health since even the finest
fractions of ash may cause serious respiratory problems if they are
inhaled.
• This hazard may persist long after the eruption itself has ended and
can affect neighboring islands as well.
Lahars (Mudflows)
• are mixtures of volcanic water and rock fragments which rush down
the slopes of a volcano and into the surrounding valleys.
• The word 'lahar' is an Indonesian term that describes a mudflow
often triggered by heavy rains or earthquakes during and after a
volcanic eruption.
• Lahars are destructive to everything in their path and may occur
years after an eruption has ended.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kznwnpNTB6k
Volcanic Gases
• Gases such as Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
are present in toxic amounts close to the vent of an erupting volcano
and may be present close to hot springs around any live volcano.
Label the following pictures with the corresponding volcano-related hazards.
Choose your answers from the word bank below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper