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SEA TRANSPORT

Granger Bay Campus: Faculty of Engineering

and the Built Environment
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Introduction
 For centuries oceans separated continents and people.
 These huge blue barriers kept people from trading with each other
 But as technology developed and new ships started, which led to the
curiosity of people wanted to discover what lies beyond the edge of
the ocean
 They set out to sail the world and discovered new lands and cultures.
 Oceans became a highway that connected worlds as people traded
their goods and began moving from continent to continent

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Introduction (cont)
 Today sea transportation is very important as about 90% of all the
world’s international trade is carried out through sea.
 Compared to air and land, the transportation of heavy and bulky cargo
is more convenient by sea
 Currently there are more than 90 000 vessels in the world’s
commercial fleet.

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Introduction (cont)
 UNCTAD

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Introduction (cont)


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Introduction (cont)


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Introduction (cont)
ADVANTAGES OF SEA DISADVANTAGES OF SEA
 TRANSPORT TRANSPORT

Can be used to transport bulky goods Takes a lot of time to reach

more efficiently than any other forms destination
of transport
Transportation charges for the goods Risks of ocean disasters
may be lesser

Goods will suffer minimum amount Piracy are a major concern

of damage

Job creation Job creation long way from home

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Ship Terms & Positions

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Basic Terms

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Basic Terms

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Mooring Lines

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Ship Terms & Positions

Air
Draught

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Ship Terms & Positions

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Loadlines

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Loadlines

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Terminology
 Light Displacement: The weight of the ship’s hull, engines, spare
parts. Or is defined as the weight of the ship excluding cargo, fuel,
water, ballast, stores, passengers, crew, but with water in boilers to
steaming level.
 Load Displacement: is the weight of the ship’s hull including cargo,
passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items
necessary for use on a voyage.
 Deadweight (DWT): Difference between the light & loaded
displacements & represents the weight of cargo, stores, ballast, fw,
fuel, crew, passengers and dunnage.
 Cargo Deadweight: Cargo carrying capacity & this weight is obtained
by subtracting from the deadweight the weight of stores, ballast, FW,
etc.
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Terminology (cont)

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Terminology (cont)
 Baseline: The horizontal line drawn at the top of the keel plate.
 Length Overall (LOA): Length measured from the foremost point of the
stem to the aftermost point of the stern.
 Length Waterline: Length of the WL between the intersection of the
perpendicular to the moulded base line & the fore part of the stem, and
extreme aft plating.
 Forward perpendicular (F.P.): Is the line perpendicular to the moulded base
line and will pass through the intersection of the designed summer load WL
& the Fwd side of stem.
 Aft perpendicular (A.P.): Is the line perpendicular to the moulded base line
and will pass through the intersection of the designed summer load WL &
the after side of sternpost.

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Terminology (cont)
 Length Between Perpendiculars (L.B.P): Is the horizontal distance
measured on the summer load WL from the fore side of the stem to the after
side of the sternpost, or to the middle of the rudder stock, if the vessel has no
sternpost.

 Read through the other terminologies on your notes

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Terminology (cont)

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