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TYPES OF SHIPS

Granger Bay Campus: Faculty of Engineering

and the Built Environment
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Scope
 Introduction
 Framing Systems
 Ship Types

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Introduction
 Merchant ships exist to carry cargoes across the waterways of
the world safely, speedily and economically
 The ship, in its various forms, has evolved to accomplish its
function depending upon three main functions:
 Type of cargo
 Type of construction & materials used
 Area of operation
 The type of construction will affect the cargo carried (internal
characteristics)

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Types of construction
 Passenger ships due to their large superstructure utilise lighter
alloys
 The area of trade, cruising range and climatic conditions must be
borne in mind in the design
 The principal types of construction refer to framing arrangement
 Refer to the framing arrangements for stiffening the outer shell
plating, three types being:
 Longitudinal
 Transverse
 Combined framing

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Transverse framing
 Used in ships of short length where longitudinal bending
moment are small i.e. general cargo, multi-purpose, offshore
supply vessels, etc.

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Longitudinal framing
 Used in long vessels where the longitudinal bending moment are
large i.e. tankers, container vessels, Ro-Ro’s, etc.

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Combined framing
 Are mainly used bulk carriers mainly to allow for easier cargo
operations.

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Bending Moments

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Break Bulk / General Cargo

 Normally has four or five holds with large cargo accesses to provide
distribution for multi-port itineraries.
 Derricks normally have a 5 Ton safe working load and cranes can normally
lift 20-25 tonnes

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Dry Bulk Carrier

 Transport single-commodity cargoes such as grain, sugar and

ores in bulk.

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Ore / Bulk / Oil Carrier

 OBO is another form of a multi-purpose bulk carrier.

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Container Ships
 The carrying capacity ranges from 100 TEU’s to 19000TEU’s

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Container Ships
 The carrying capacity ranges from 100 TEU’s to 19000TEU’s

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Deep Sea Roll-On-Roll-Off

 The first Ro-Ro vessels ever were in act wartime tank landing ships
 Today they range from small short sea freight Ro-Ro’s to giant
deep sea Ro-Ro.
 Design Features:
 Overall length of about 170m
 At least 4 deck levels
 More hold space for general cargo ‘ pallets and containers and less space for
road-going vehicles
 A large variety of specialised cargo areas such as car decks, refrigerated
chambers, bulk liquid tanks or cellular container stowage areas
 Transverse bulkheads with watertight doors
 Fixed hydraulic ramps between decks
 Fitted with bow and stern thrusters

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Ro-Ro (cont)

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Boat Types
 There are many boat types that provide services to the oil & gas
industry, which are the following:
 Anchor Handling Towing Supply (AHTS)

 Offshore Supply Vessel (OSV)

 Crew Boats

 Standy / Rescue vessels

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Anchor Handling Towing Supply


(AHTS)
Tow rigs from one location to another and are equipped with
powerful winches, which are used to lift and position the rig’s
anchors
 Many can carry moderate amounts of supplies eg. Drilling fluid or
drill pipe in support of offshore projects

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Offshore Supply Vessel

 Deliver drilling supplies such as liquid mud, dry bulk cement, fuel,
drinking water, drill pipe, casing and a variety of other supplies to
drilling rigs and platform.
 Are also referred to as PSVs (Platform Supply Vessels)

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Exploration Vessels
 Exploration activities

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Crew Boats
 Transport personnel to, from, and between offshore rigs and
platforms.
 Smaller than the AHTS or OSVs.
 Newer generation FSVs (Fast Supply Vessels)

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Standby / Rescue Vessels

 Operate in the North Sea due to regulatory req.
 Req to remain in the vicinity of offshore rigs and platforms in order
to provide emergency response services, such as personnel rescue,
fire fighting, and first aid.

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Oil Tankers
 There are large number of oil tankers at sea today range from giant
ULCC to small coating product tankers
 General Design Characteristics:
 Long & Trans bulkheads divide cargo-carrying section of the vessel into a
number of tanks
 Different cargoes can be loaded but tank divisions also reduce the effects of
the liquid free surface on the stability of the ship
 Fire and explosion are a hazard on tankers and special systems for
ventilation are necessary
 Types of Oil Tankers:
 Liquefied Gas Carrier (LPG & LNG)
 Liquid Chemical Carrier
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Liquefied Petroleum Gas &

Natural Gas
 LPG carriers carry methane and other paraffin products obtained as
a by-product of petroleum drilling operations.
 LNG carriers carry propane, butane, etc. which are extracted from
natural gas
 General Design Features
 The general regulatory bodies have rules for the construction and
classification of ships carrying liquid gases in bulk
 These rules follow closely the IMO Code for this type of vessel

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas

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Liquefied Natural Gas

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Liquefied Chemical Carrier

 With the increase of dangerous chemicals needing transportation new and
increased hazards are presented.
 Risks to the environment from accidental spillages of these products are a
real hazard.
 Ship Types subject to the IBC Code shall be designed to one of the
following standards:
 Type 1: tanker intended to transport chapter 17 products with very severe environmental and
safety hazards which require maximum preventive measures to preclude an escape of such
cargo.
 Type 2: products with appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require
significant preventive measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.
 Type 3: products with sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards which require a
moderate degree of containment to increase survival capability in a damaged condition.

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Liquefied Chemical Carrier

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Refrigerated Vessels (Reefer)

 Transports fruit, meat, fish, and dairy products
 General design:
 3 – 4 deck ship with 3 – 5 hatches

 Multi-deck arrangement

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Refrigerated Vessels (Reefer)

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