CASING WHILE DRILLING SYSTEM

CASING DRILLING

A rotary drilling process:

• that cases the well as it is drilled.
• where the well casing replaces the drill
string.
• where the casing provides hydraulic
energy and mechanical force to the
cutting structure.
 CASING ACCESSORIES

• PDC UNDER REAMER

• MULTI LOBE TORQUE RINGS

• HYDRO FORM CENTRALIZERS/ STABILIZERS

• CASING WEAR PROTECTION

• BIT RELEASE TOOL

• CASING SHOES

• PUMP DOWN CEMENT FLOAT

• CASING PROFILE NIPPLE

 Advantages
• Improved Borehole Stability
• Reduced Lost Circulation
• Improved Well Control
• Time Savings
• Improved Production
• Improved Personnel Safety
• Smaller Rig & Reduced footprint
• Existing casing can be used
(MLT rings significantly increase the torque capacity
of API Round and Buttress thread connections.
Torque capacity increase is greatest for Buttress)
Reduced Lost Circulation
• Significant reduction in lost fluids when
Casing Drilling due to “Smear Effect”
• Losses are Reduced even with higher
ECD’s
• Filter Cake remains on walls of hole and
is not scraped off by bit passage or tool
joint impacts
Improves Well Control
• Influxes are reduced due to
“Plastering Effect”
• Continuous circulation even when
tripping for new BHA’s prevents
surge or swab conditions
• Casing on bottom of well improves
kick control procedures
• Reduced trip times reduces influxes
Time Savings (Flat Time)
• Reducing Unscheduled Events
reduces time on well
– Lost Circ, Well Control, etc.
• Casing Drilling Eliminates:
– Casing Running operations
– Wiper Trips
– Laydown of Drill Pipe and most Collars
• Casing Drilling Reduces:
– BHA Trip Times
– Bottoms-up circulating times
The Casing Drilling Process
• Rig Conversion
• Surface Equipment & Casing Acces
sories
• BHA
• Casing Pipe Connection
• Drilling Operations
• BHA Retrieval
• Cementation
CASING DRIVE SYSTEM

API 6 5/8” REG RH CONNECTION

API 6 5/8” REG RH CONNECTION

HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

LENGTH 10’

TRIP & TORQUE GRAPPLE

CUP PACKER

STABBING GUIDE

4 ½” to 20” tool sizes available

 DOWN HOLE TOOLS NEEDED

• DRILL LOCK ASSEMBLY

• RUNNING TOOLS

• LANDING COLLAR

• UNDER REAMERS
 DOWNHOLE TOOLS
Wireline Retrievable BHA
Drill Lock Assembly (DLA)

Running & Axial Tool Torque Mud Motor,

Locks Directional Tools or Bit
Retrieving Locks Locator Logging Assembly Underreamer
Tool as required

Casing Drilling Assembly

Wear
Connection Casing Casing Centralizers Casing Underreamer Bit
Ring Band
Profile as req’d Shoe
Nipple
DIAMOND BITS FOR CWD
Drilling Operations
• Landing/Setting DLA
• Drilling Ahead
• Directional Drilling
• Coring
• Logging while Drilling
• Releasing/Retrieving DLA
• Cementing
 SOURCES OF EQUIPMENTS
• TOP DRIVE – VARCO

• CASING DRIVE SYSTEM – TESCO

• CASING ACCESSORIES- PROPRIETARY

ITEMS OF TESCO
 COST OF USING CWD
• RENTAL CHARGES OF LAND RIG – US $ 20,000 PER
DAY

• RENTAL CHARGES OF CWD TOOLS & TECH. – US $

6000- 10000 PER DAY

• RENTAL CHARGES OF CWD TOOLS INCLUDE

CHARGES FOR SPLIT CROWN BLOCK, SPLIT
TRAVELLING BLOCK, WIRE LINE WINCH, WIRE
LINE BOP, CASING DRILLING SYSTEM AND
SERVICE CHARGES.

Note: Time for conversion from conventional to CWD

approx one/two days
 Up gradation of a Conventional Rig

Conversion Item Estimated

Cost
1. Casing Drilling Wireline Winch $500,000.00
2. Split Crown Blocks $150,000.00
3. Split Traveling Blocks $150,000.00
4. Wireline BOPs $50,000.00
5. Solids Control Equipment $85,000.00
6. Modify Mast for Top Drive $20,000.00
7. Rig Day rate (8 days) $64,000.00
Total = $1,019,000.00
 Operational Differences

Operation Per Well Cost

Rig Move Days $36,000.00
Top Drive Rig Up $24,000.00
Top Drive Rental $25,000.00
Location Construction $10,000.00
Automated Catwalk $12,000.00
Casing Drive Assembly $20,000.00

Total = $127,000/well
 LIKELY BENEFITS

• REDUCED STUCK PIPE AND LOST CIRCULATION

PROBLEMS
• FORMATION RELATED TROUBLE TIME
EXPERIENCED WITH CONV.RIGS IS REDUCED
• DRILLING SAFELY THROUGH DEPLETED ZONES
• IMPROVED WELL CONTROL
• FISHING THROUGH CASING THRU’ WIRE LINE-
FASTER
 LIKELY BENEFITS

• SMALLER RIGS CAN BE USED TO DRILL WELLS

• REDUCED COST DUE TO FASTER WELL

COMPLETION
• IMPROVED OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY DUE TO
ELIMINATION OF THE PIPE TRIPPING
• BETTER DEVIATION CONTROL
 DEMERITS

• NEW CASING DRILLING RIG OR THE PRESENT RIG

TO BE UPGRADED – INVOLVES COST

• FOR OPEN HOLE LOGS – LWD NEEDED, COSTLY

• YOUNGER TECHNOLOGY STILL IN LEARNING

PHASE SO EQUIPMENTS / PROCEDURES LIABLE
TO CHANGE

• CAN BE COST PROHIBITIVE TO MOBILIZE FOR

SINGLE JOBS
 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

• DEEP WATER APPLICATIONS

• UNDER BALANCE DRILLING
• USE OF SINGLE STRING OF CASING FROM
SURFACE TO TD
• USE OF CWD WITH AIR DRILLING
• THE ULTIMATE DRILLING SOLUTION MAY
BE A COMBINATION OF CASING DRILLING
WITH EXPANDABLE TUBULARS
 Summary of Wells
Well Comp Type of Days Remarks
Depth Comp Lost
DGAA 3438 M Stuck Up 66 Fishing
3993 M Stuck Up 101 S/track
RTAA 4304 M L/tool 195 S/track in
stuck 2nd
attempt
GKEA 4482 M Activity 312 Followed
by s/up,
Fishing
GKEG 4215 M Stuck up 156 S/track
 Summary of Wells
Well Comp Type of Days Remarks
Depth Comp Lost
DGAA 3438 M Stuck Up 66 Fishing
3993 M Stuck Up 101 S/track
RTAA 4304 M L/tool 195 S/track in
stuck 2nd
attempt
GKEA 4482 M Activity 312 Followed
by s/up,
Fishing
GKEG 4215 M Stuck up 156 S/track
 Summary of Wells (contd)
Well Comp Type of Days Lost Remark
Depth Comp s
3671 M Str. Fail 88 S/track
GK-11
4347 M Str. Fail 112 S/track
4605 M Str. Fail 300 (17/9)

4852 M Stuck up 65 S/track

LJE
4826 M Stuck up 80 S/track
4314 M Stuck up 183 S/track
SRC
 PLAN TO COMBAT BCS & BMS

• DRILL 12 ¼” HOLE & COVER TIPAM

WITH 9 5/8” CASING

• USE CWD SYSTEM BELOW 9 5/8” shoe

 BACK-GROUND

• MOSTLY PROLONGED COMPLICATIONS

OCCURRED IN WELLS OF GELEKY AREA
WHILE DRILLING BCS/BMS/ KOPILI IN SAME
SECTION
• LONG CYCLE TIME FOR COMPLETION OF
WELLS
• FREQUENT STUCK-UP AND LOSS OF DRILL
STRING
• INCREASED WEAR / TEAR OF STRING
• INCREASED COST
 SURFACE EQUIPMENTS NEEDED

• TOP DRIVE – VARCO (TDS-9,10,11)

• CASING DRIVE SYSTEM

• SPLIT CROWN BLOCKS

• SPLIT T/ BLOCK

• HIGH CAPACITY WIRE LINE & TRACTION WINCH

• WIRE LINE BOP

• HYDRAULIC POWER SLIPS

• POWER CAT WALK
Tesco Casing Drilling
Surface Equipment
Split Blocks

Wireline BOP

Top Drive Power Slips

Casing Running Tool

(Internal)

Power Catwalk
Single Joint Links
and Elevator

Wireline Winch
 # RTAA

T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM. LAST CSG. TYPE OF COMP.

DAYS SIZE& DEPTH
4300M 4305M 365 9 5/8” , 3482M LOG.TOOL S/UP

• SPUD DATE = 20/01/02

•TIME TO DRILL TO 3503M & = 96 DAYS
9 5/8” CSG. LWRG.
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) = 252 DAYS
•REASON – AT 4305M ON 22/06/02 LOG TOOL GOT STUCK AT
4102M & SNAPPED – COULD NOT RECOVER,

•PLACED C/PLUG AND S/TRACKED TO T.D. IN 2 ND ATTEMPT

( 02/01/03) – 195 DAYS LOST

•OBSERVATION – BCS & BMS DRILLED IN SINGLE SECTION

 # DGAA
T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM. LAST CSG. TYPE OF
DAYS SIZE& DEPTH COMP.
4000M 4151M 308 9 5/8” , 2108 M STRING S/UP

• SPUD DATE = 20/07/2000

•TIME TO DRILL TO TIPAM BASE 3700M = 151 DAYS
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) = 129 DAYS
•REASON –
1) AT 3438 M ON 06/10 /00
• DURING R/I WHILE REAMING STRING GOT STUCK AT 2880 M

• SPOTTED HSD, RELLEASED STRING BUT STRING FELL IN HOLE,

C/OUT FISHING ( 10/12/00 ) – 66 DAYS LOST

• OBSERVATION – CLAY AND TIPAM DRILLED IN SINGLE

SECTION
 # DGAA

2 ) AT 3993M ON 05/01/00
• DURING DRILLING STRING GOT STUCK AT 3982 M
COULD NOT REL., BACK OFF- FISH NOT
RECOVERED
• PLACED C/PLUG AT 2324 M AND S/TRACKED TO
3993M
( 15/04/01 ) – 101 DAYS LOST
• OBSERVATION – BCS & BMS DRILLED IN SINGLE
SECTION
 # SRC
T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM. LAST CSG. TYPE OF COMP.
DAYS SIZE& DEPTH
4660M 4360 M 648 9 5/8” , 3755 M STUCK UP

• SPUD DATE = 22/06/01

•TIME TO DRILL TO 3755 M & = 260 DAYS
9 5/8” CSG. LWRG.
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) = 305 DAYS
•REASON –
•AT 4314M DURING DR. STRING GOT STUCK ON 07/07/02 ,

•B/OFF MECHANICALLY. COULD NOT RECOVER FISH, F/TOP-

3858M, PLACED CMT. PLUG & S/TRACKED FROM 3814M TO
4035M , LOWERED 7” LINER ( 18/11/02) FURTHER DRLD. TO 4314M
(06/01/03) – 183 DAYS WERE LOST
•OBSERVATION – BCS & BMS DRILLED IN SINGLE SECTION
 # LJE
T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM. LAST CSG. TYPE OF COMP.
DAYS SIZE& DEPTH
4850M 4760M 448 9 5/8” , 4142M STRING STUCK UP

• SPUD DATE = 22/03/97

•TIME TO DRILL TO 4142 M & = 168 DAYS
9 5/8” CSG. LWRG.
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) = 244 DAYS
•REASON –
1) AT 4852M DRILLED DEPTH WHILE MAKING PIPE CONNECTION
D/STRING GOT STUCK ON 02/05/2000 ATTEMPT TO RELEASE
FAIL, B/OFF STRING BUT COULD NOT RECOVER,

•PLACED C/PLUG 4580-4480M (FISH IN HOLE- 142M, FISH TOP=

4480M ) AND S/TRACKED TO 4852 M BY 05/07/00)
– 65 DAYS LOST
 # LJE

2) WHILE RECORDING LOGS TOOL DID NOT GO BELOW

4638M IN 3 ATTEMPTS AND WHILE MAKING R/TRIP
FOR HOLE CLEARING STRING STUCK AT 4826M.

• COULD NOT RELEASE IT IN SEVERAL ATTEMPTS ,

C/OUT STRING SHOT IN 4TH ATTEMPT FROM 4245M
( FISH IN HOLE – 581M , F/ TOP- 4245M ) AND S/TRACK
BELOW 9 5 /8” CASING SHOE BY PLACING CMT.
PLUG AT 4238-4138M . S/ TRACKED FROM 4155M TO
4760M .

• DAYS LOST = 80 ( 14/07/00- 11/10/00)

• OBSERVATION – BCS & BMS DRILLED IN SINGLE

SECTION
 # GKEA
T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM.DAYS LAST CSG. TYPE OF
SIZE& DEPTH COMP.
4500 4482 542 9 5/8” , 3154M W/ACTIVE
& STRING
STUCK UP

•SPUD DATE = 23/06/2000

• TIME TO DRILL TO 3500M TO COVER TIPAM = 115 DAYS
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) & H/TEST = 412 DAYS
•REASON –
AT 44482 M DURING DR. WELL BECAME ACTIVE &
SUBSEQUENTLY STRING GOT STUCK ON 23/01/01

•B/OFF, COULD NOT RECOVER FISH, , PLACED CMT. PLUG &

SIDE TRACKED FROM 3070 TO 4118M & LWRD. 5 ½” CASING
( 30/11/01) , 312 DAYS LOST.

•OBSERVATION – BCS & BMS DRILLED IN SINGLE SECTION

 # GKEG
T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM. LAST CSG. TYPE OF
DAYS SIZE& COMP.
DEPTH

4250 4215 404 9 5/8” , STRING

3409 M STUCK UP

•SPUD DATE = 08/03/01

• TIME TO DRILL TO 3415 M & 95/8” CSG. = 146 DAYS
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) & H/TEST = 258 DAYS

REASON –
• AT 4215 M DEPTH ON 24/10/01 ,DURING REAMING AT 4150 M
STRING GOT STUCK COULD NOT RELEASE, B/OFF, FISH TOP=
4067 M , PLACED CMT. PLUG AND S/TRACKD IN 2 ND ATTEMPT
FROM 3800 TO 4141, LWRD. 7” LINER AND DRILL TO 4200M –
156 DAYS LOST

• OBSERVATION - BCS & BMS DRILLED IN SINGLE SECTION

 # GK-11
T.D.(M) D.D.(M) COMM. LAST CSG. TYPE OF
DAYS SIZE& COMP.
DEPTH
4765 4605 818* 9 5/8” , STRING
DRLG. 4064M STUCK UP

•SPUD DATE = 06/06/2002

• TIME TO DRILL TO 3671M TO COVER TIPAM = 241 DAYS
• DRILL TO T.D ( NEXT PHASE) & H/TEST = UNDER
DRLG.

•REASON –
1) AT 3671 M DURING DR. STRING LEFT IN HOLE , COULD NOT
FISH OUT, PLACED CMT. PLUG AND S/TRACKD FROM 2487 TO
3671M – 88 DAYS LOST

2) AT 4347 M 279 M FISH LEFT IN HOLE, PLACED CMT. PLUG &

S/TRACKED HOLE – 112 DAYS LOST
 # GK-11
3) AGAIN AT 4605 m ON 23/11/03, 12 SINGLES OF 6 ½”
D/C LEFT IN HOLE ( STRING FAILURE) , COULD NOT
RECOVER FISH, PLACED CMT. PLUG & SIDE TRACKED
HOLE TO 4230M, AGAIN AT 4198M STRING GOT STUCK
AND FISH LEFT IN HOLE - 2 STD. 6 ½” D/C+BIT WHILE
TRYING TO RECOVER IT LEFT 1 SINGLE D/C+JAR +
OVER SHOT IN HOLE- WT. FOR PROGRAM.
– 293 DAYS LOST TILL 10/09/04.

• OBSERVATION
BCS , BMS & KOPILI DRILLED IN SINGLE SECTION
 GELEKY FORMATIONS PRESSURES

• GENERALLY
KOPILI- HIGH PRESSSURE FORMATION ( HYD. + 30-
40%)
BMS – HYD. OR SUB HYD.
BCS - HYD. + 10-15%

• MUD WEIGHT NEEDED WHILE DRILLING-

FOR BCS – HIGH SP. GR. MUD
FOR BMS - LOW SP. GR. MUD
FOR KOPILI - HIGH SP. GR. MUD

• COMPLICATIONS ENCOUNTERED WHILE DRILLING

TOGETHER - STUCK UPS , FISHING AND SIDE
TRACKING
 ALTERNATE TO LWD FOR OPEN HOLE
LOGS
• THE TECHNIQUE FOR RUNNING OPEN HOLE LOGS IS
TO DRILL TO TD WITH THE 41/2 IN. CASING, RELEASE
THE BIT, AND THEN REAM BACK TO THE 7 IN. CASING
SHOE. THE LOGS ARE THEN RUN THROUGH THE 41/2
IN. CASING JUST AS THEY WOULD BE IF THE WELL
WERE DRILLED CONVENTIONALLY . ONCE LOGGING
IS COMPLETED, THE CASING IS REAMED BACK TO
BOTTOM AND CEMENTED. THIS ELIMINATES THE
NEED TO TRIP ALL THE WAY OUT OF THE HOLE AND
PROVIDES A WAY TO CONTINUOUSLY CIRCULATE
THE WELL IN CASE IT BEGINS TO FLOW.
 BHA
• THE BHA INCLUDES A PILOT BIT AND
UNDERREAMER, AS WELL AS ALL EQUIPMENT
NEEDED FOR DIRECTIONAL STEERING, SUCH AS
MOTOR, MWD, NON-MAG COLLARS, AND UR/HO
((UNDERREAMER/HOLE OPENER).
• THE PILOT BIT IS NORMALLY THE STANDARD SIZE
THAT WILL DRIFT THE CASING, AND THE
UNDERREAMER OPENS THE HOLE TO THE
STANDARD SIZE NORMALLY DRILLED FOR THE
CASING.
 BHA

• FOR THE 53.50 LB/FT, 9-5/8-IN. CASING

WELLS, AN 8-1/2-IN. MILLED TOOTH PILOT
BIT WAS USED WITH A 12-1/4-IN.
UNDERREAMER. BICENTER BITS WERE
CONSIDERED, BUT COULD NOT PRODUCE
SUFFICIENT HOLE SIZE.
Summary Of CwD Systems
Surface Rotation Required Surface and/or Mud Motor Rotation
Casing Liner Casing Liner Liner

N/A N/A
BHA Retrieval (drillable shoe) (drillable shoe)
Wireline or Pipe Wireline or Pipe Inner String

Formation Eval Cased hole only Cased hole only LWD LWD LWD
Directional Drlg
Stabilizer Pos’n Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bent housing No No Yes Yes Yes
Rotary Steerable No No Yes Yes Yes
Close Tolerance N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes
Rig Mods
Top Drive Optional(1) Optional Optional(1) Optional Optional
Wireline & BOP N/A N/A Only w/ w/l retr Only w/ w/l retr N/A
Split block N/A N/A Perhaps w/l retr(2) Perhaps w/l retr(2) N/A

Courtesy of World Oil