3 Basic Knowledge of Power Distribution

Basic Knowledge of
Power Distribution for

Telecom Power System
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Training Objective
l After learning this course, you should be able to:

l Understand the basic concepts of power distribution
l Know the power distribution design inside the power system
l Know the common power distribution products on the telecom

sites
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3
Contents
1. Basic Concepts about Power Distribution
2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices
3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System
4. Power Distribution products description
Basic Concepts about Power Distribution
Power Distribution
Definition Function Purpose Requirement
 Electrical system  Transmission  easy maintenance  rich experience

 low-voltage  Distribution  good protection  special practice
 Protection  high safety
electrical devices
 Control
 monitor
Where Is the Power Distribution?
Power distribution system in industrial application
Power Distribution for Telecom Power System
Power distribution system on a Telecom Base Site
Contents
4. Power Distribution products on telecom sites
Low-Voltage Electrical Devices
l Definition:

Defined in AC area: ≤1200 V, 50/60 Hz

Defined in DC area: ≤1500 V
l Common Low-voltage electrical devices:

 Low-voltage Circuit Beaker
 Fuse
 Contactor
 Surge Protection Device (SPD)
 Switch
 Socket & Plug
 Others
Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker
l Function
l Breaking normal load current
l Over-current protection
l Short circuit protection
l Classification
l By break off medium: Air breaker, Vacuum breaker, gas breaker;
l By installation mode: fixed type, insert type, drawer type;
l By tripper mode: Thermal-magnetic (TM) , hydraulic-pressure magnetic (HM)
l Common used breakers
l Mould Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
l Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
l Hydraulic-pressure Magnetic Circuit Breaker
l Special usage breakers
l Residual Current Device (RCD) ----Leakage current protection
l Auto-reclosing breaker
Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
MCCB
l used in industrial areas widely.
l carry heavy current (hundreds of amperes).
l High breaking capability (Icu).
l operated rapidly.
l The tripping devices are interchangeable and adjust
able.
l Intelligent monitoring functions: catenation, remote c
ontrol alarms and data transmission.
MCB
l Features
l Carry miniature current (from 1 A to 100 A usually)
l Has a general size in appearance
l mounted on standard 35mm rail (DIN)
l Nearest to the loads, requires the beautiful appearance
l Main parameters
l Poles: 1,2,3…
l Rated current In ： 6A, 10A, 16A, 32A, 40A, 63A, 100A…
l Rated voltage Un ： 230V/400Vac, 60Vdc
l Rated breaking current Icu ： 4.5kA ， 6kA ， 10kA…
l Characteristic: B, C or D
l Tripping principle: Thermal-Magnetic tripping （ TM ）
Tripping Characteristics of MCB
l Definition:
l B, C, D according to IEC 60898
p Z, K according to IEC 60947-2

l Application:
l Characteristics B: protecting the low-inductance industrial and
commercial lighting system.
l Characteristics C: protecting the high-inductance industrial
and commercial lighting system and residence distribution.
l Characteristics D: protecting the high-inductance or big inrush
current power distribution system.
l Characteristics K: protecting the motor driving system or
transformer power distribution system.
l Characteristic C is suggested for the small air breaker in
telecom power distribution system
Hydraulic-pressure Magnetic Circuit Breaker
l High precision and reliability
l Wide temperature range (-40℃ and +85 ℃)
l Applicable to DC (≤80V) and AC circuit
l With poor breaking capability
l Working modes: instant delay, short delay,

middle delay and long delay
l Expensive
Residual Current Device (RCD)
l Principle
 Kirchoffs Law: ∑I=0
 Earth leakage current protector
l Classification:
p By Principle:
Magnetic type RCD
 Electromagnetic type
 Electronic type
p By over current protection:

 Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)
 Residual current Circuit Breaker with Over-current prote
ction (RCBO)
p By relay time: instant type, selected type RCCB
Auto-reclosing breaker
composing
 Auto-reclosing auxiliary
 MCB
Application
To operate by remote control the opening and closing of the contacts
To intended for tertiary installations, difficult to reach, insulated, without human presence sites
Schneider—Auto-reclosing auxiliary & MCB
Contactors
l Contactors
l A kind of widely used switches
l Controlling the main circuit of the loop based on
the magnetic principle
l
Applicable to the remote control circuits
AC Contactor
l Classification:
l Based on the operating modes: magnetic,
pneumatic and magnetic-pneumatic
l Based on the extinguishing medium: air contactors,
oil-immersed contactors and vacuum contractors
l Currently, the magnetic air AC or DC contractors are
in most common use. DC Contactor
Fuses
l Fuses
l Widely applied in low voltage distribution and control systems
Fuses
l One key short-circuit protection device for a single electrical equipment.
l Classification:
l
Based on the breaking range: g (for full range breaking) and a (for partial breaking)
l
Based on the classification: G (common fuse) and M (for motor circuits)
l Feature parameters
Holders
l Rated voltage
l Rated current
l Rated breaking capability
l Time-Current feature
Pullers
Surge Protection Device (SPD)
Distant lightning
Direct & close lightning strike
10 kV
L1
L2
L3
PEN
1b
Rst
Information System Power System

Thunderstorm causes the induced lightning strike and over-voltage
l Lightning current wave
l Simulated wave, non-periodic transient
current, peak
l Head time: 0100%
l Wave length time ： 0100%50%
l Definition:
Due to the oscillation and superposition, w
e usually use T1/T2 to define it.
 Apparent front time: T1
 Apparent wave length time: T2
Defined by IEC standards: 8/20 us, 10/350us, …
Gradual Lightning Protection
Protection class of SPD:

Class I,II,III, by IEC standard
Class B, C, D, by VDE standard (German)
Surge Protection components:
Item Gas Discharge Thyristor Surge Metal Oxide Varis Transient Voltage
Tube (GDT) Suppressor (TS tor (MOV) Suppressor (TVS)
S)
Symbol
Leakage current no small small small
Reacting time Slow (us) Faster (ps) Quick (1ns-20ns) Faster (ps)
Carrying current Huge small Big （ 250A~6500 small

(5kA~20kA) A）
worse indicator yes no yes no
Fault status Open circuit Short circuit Short circuit Short circuit
l Surge protection circuit
 Consisting of GDTs, MOVs, TVSs, fuse tu
bes, coil inductance etc.
 Used to be integrated on PCB
l SPD module
 Consisting of GDTs, MOVs etc.
 Mould case
 Rail mounted
l E.g. : SPD Class II (equal to class C):
l In=20kA (8/20us)
l Imax=40kA (8/20us)
Contents
Power Distribution inside the Power System
Electrical principle diagram of Minipower -TP48300/A
Important Unimportant
Battery loads loads
fuses branches branches
PMU
Reserved MCB for AC surge 4 copper bars

space for 6 AC input protector for cables
MCB unction
PMU
Subrack
PSU1 PSU2 PSU3
PSU4 PSU5 PSU6
Layout inside the cabinet of Minipower - TP48300/A
Input AC Distribution:
l 63A/3P MCB
l Class C surge protector
l Copper bars for L1, L2, L3 and N.
l Kevin wiring for SPD
l Circuit breakers & cables design
l Max. DC output capacity: 2900W*6= 17400W (for 50A rectifier module, max outp
ut power is 2900W).
l Input AC current: 17400W/0.9/(3*220V)=30A.
l Consider the temperature derating factor 0.79 (supposed max 45 ℃ indoor), 30A/
0.79=38A.
l According the max. current value (38A), we can select the proper MCB and cable
s sections.
l About TP48300/A
 Input AC MCB: 63A/3P is selected.
 Section of Cables (L1(L11),L2(L21),L3(L31),N) : 10mm 2
l DC distribution:
l Battery fuses: 100A*2
l Unimportant loads branches:
 Fuse 100A *3
 Fuse reserved*1
l Important loads branches:
 MCB 63A*1
 MCB 32A*1
 MCB 16A*1
 MCB reserved*2
l BLVD Contactor
l LLVD Contactor
l Precision resistor: 300A/75mV
l Positive and negative bus bars
l Internal ground cable design:
l The internal subracks PGND and RTN should be separated to prevent shortcircuit.
l Ground screws with section area greater than 2.5mm2 are necessary for the boxes.
l The yellow/green cable is adopted.
l External ground cable design:

l The distance between the device and the user ground bars should not exceed 30
m, and the shorter, the better.
l If the distance is longer than 30m, users are required to reset the ground bars
nearby.
Contents
Power Distribution Products description
Power Distribution Frame (PDF) in core room
DC PDF DC PDF AC PDF
Power Distribution products in shelter
PMB
DCDB
ACDB
SPD
Power Distribution sub-racks (19 inch)
DC Power distribution rack
DC Power system rack
AC Power distribution rack
Questions
l Can you list three low-voltage distribution devices.
l How many contactors in the Minipower (TP48300/A)?
What are the functions?

l List the power distribution products in telecom room.
Thank You
www.huawei.com

3 Basic Knowledge of Power Distribution

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3 Basic Knowledge of Power Distribution

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Basic Knowledge of

Power Distribution for

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

l After learning this course, you should be able to:

l Know the power distribution design inside the power system

l Know the common power distribution products on the telecom

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products description

Definition Function Purpose Requirement

 Electrical system  Transmission  easy maintenance  rich experience

Power distribution system in industrial application

Power distribution system on a Telecom Base Site

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products on telecom sites

l Common Low-voltage electrical devices:

 Surge Protection Device (SPD)

 Socket & Plug

l B, C, D according to IEC 60898

p Z, K according to IEC 60947-2

l Wide temperature range (-40℃ and +85 ℃)

l Applicable to DC (≤80V) and AC circuit

l With poor breaking capability

l Working modes: instant delay, short delay,

p By over current protection:

p By relay time: instant type, selected type RCCB

Schneider—Auto-reclosing auxiliary & MCB

l Rated breaking capability

Information System Power System

l Head time: 0100%

l Wave length time ： 0100%50%

Defined by IEC standards: 8/20 us, 10/350us, …

Protection class of SPD:

Leakage current no small small small

Carrying current Huge small Big （ 250A~6500 small

worse indicator yes no yes no

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products description

Electrical principle diagram of Minipower -TP48300/A

Reserved MCB for AC surge 4 copper bars

PSU4 PSU5 PSU6

Layout inside the cabinet of Minipower - TP48300/A

l External ground cable design:

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products description

DC PDF DC PDF AC PDF

DC Power distribution rack

DC Power system rack

AC Power distribution rack

What are the functions?

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