PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

ZDANIA IMIESŁOWOWE
 ZDANIA IMIESŁOWOWE – PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

„OTWORZYWSZY DRZWI, TOM WYSZEDŁ Z DOMU.”

• UŻYWANE SĄ SPORADYCZNIE – NAJRZADZIEJ W MOWIE, A NIECO CZĘŚCIEJ W PIŚMIE.
GŁÓWNYMI ZALETAMI STOSOWANIA TEJ KONSTRUKCJI SĄ:
- JEJ ODMIENNOŚĆ WZGLĘDEM POPULARNYCH STRUKTUR,
- NASZA PRACA ZYSKUJE W KWESTII STYLU,
- MOŻLIWOŚĆ ZAWARCIA DUŻEJ ILOŚCI INFORMACJI W DOŚĆ KRÓTKIM ZDANIU.

HAVING HAD HIS HAIR CUT, JACK WENT SHOPPING.

(ŚCIĄWSZY WŁOSY, JACK UDAŁ SIĘ NA ZAKUPY.)
 EXAMPLES:

• LOOKED AFTER CAREFULLY, THESE BOOTS WILL LAST FOR MANY YEARS.
DBAJĄC ODPOWIEDNIO/ STARANNIE, TE BUTY BĘDĄ SŁUŻYĆ NA DŁUGIE
LATA
• NOT WANTING TO HURT HIS FEELINGS, I AVOIDED THE QUESTION.
NIE CHCĄC ZRANIĆ JEGO UCZUĆ, UNIKAŁAM TEGO PYTANIA
• HAVING LIVED THROUGH DIFFICULT TIMES TOGETHER, THEY WERE VERY CLOSE
FRIENDS.
PRZEŻYWSZY RAZEM TRUDNE CHWILE, BYLI/ STALI SIĘ BLISKIMI
PRZYJACIÓLMI.
1. ___ LUNCH, I SAT IN THE GARDEN WITH A DRINK.
A) MAKING B) MADE C) HAVING MADE
2. ___ FOR THE BUS, SHE SLIPPED ON SOME ICE AND FELL OVER.
A) RUNNING B) RUN C)HAVING RUN
3. ON ___ HER FORMER OWNER, THE DOG RAN ACROSS THE ROOM TO GREET HIM.
A) SEEING B) SEEN C)HAVING SEEN
4. ___ IN HOSPITAL FOR SEVERAL WEEKS, SHE WAS DELIGHTED TO BE HOME.
A) BEING B) BEEN C) HAVING BEEN
5. ___ BY ALL THE ATTENTION, HE THANKED EVERYONE FOR THE CAKE AND PRESENTS.
A) EMBARRASSING B) EMBARRASSED C) HAVING EMBARRASSED
6. THE BUILDING COLLAPSED, ___ TWO PEOPLE.
A) INJURING B) INJURED C) HAVING INJURED
7. ___ UNDER NORMAL CLOTHES, A THERMAL LAYER KEEPS YOU WARM IN MINUS TEMPERATURES.
A) WEARING B) WORN C) HAVING BEEN WORN
8. ___ BY THE SUN, SHE DIDN'T SEE THE BOY CROSSING THE ROAD.
A) BLINDING B) BLINDED C)HAVING BLINDED
 ANSWERS
1. HAVING MADE 5. EMBARRASSED
2. RUNNING 6. INJURING
3. SEEING 7. WORN
4. HAVING BEEN 8. BLINDED
ZDANIA IMIESŁOWOWE MOGĄ BYĆ TWORZONE Z UŻYCIEM TRZECH CZASÓW:
TERAŹNIEJSZEGO CZASU PERFECT
(PRESENT PRZESZŁEGO (PERFECT
PARTICIPLE), (PAST PARTICIPLE) PARTICIPLE)
TWORZĄC IMIESŁÓW CZASU IMIESŁÓW CZASU PERFECT SŁUŻY DO
TERAŹNIEJSZEGO, POKAZUJEMY, IŻ OPISYWANIA CZYNNOŚCI, KTÓRE MIAŁY
IMIESŁÓW CZASU
OBYDWIE OPISYWANE PRZEZ NAS MIEJSCE PRZED INNYMI CZYNNOŚCIAMI –
PRZESZŁEGO SŁUŻY DO
CZYNNOŚCI MIAŁY MIEJSCE
OPISYWANIA
JEDNOCZEŚNIE: ZDANIE IMIESŁOWOWE (PIERWSZE) OPISUJE
STRONY BIERNEJ:
CZYNNOŚĆ, KTÓRA MIAŁA MIEJSCE WCZEŚNIEJ
WAVING AT EACH OTHER, THE ANIŻELI CZYNNOŚĆ ZDANIA GŁÓWNEGO
TAKEN BY THE WIND, PETE'S
GIRLS WERE SMILING. - (DRUGIEGO).
BALLOON POPPED. -
MACHAJĄC DO SIEBIE,
DZIEWCZYNKI UŚMIECHAŁY SIĘ. ZABRANY PRZEZ WIATR, TEN TYP IMIESŁOWÓW MOŻE PRZYBIERAĆ
BALON PETE'A PĘKŁ. ZARÓWNO STRONĘ CZYNNĄ, JAK I BIERNĄ.
 PRESENT PARTICIPLE CLAUSES
!!! NOTE THAT PRESENT PARTICIPLES HAVE A SIMILAR MEANING TO ACTIVE VERBS

• TO GIVE THE RESULT OF AN ACTION

 THE BOMB EXPLODED, DESTROYING THE BUILDING.

• TO GIVE THE REASON FOR AN ACTION

 KNOWING SHE LOVED READING, RICHARD BOUGHT HER A BOOK.

• TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED AT THE SAME TIME AS ANOTHER ACTION
 STANDING IN THE QUEUE, I REALISED I DIDN'T HAVE ANY MONEY.

• TO ADD INFORMATION ABOUT THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE

 STARTING IN THE NEW YEAR, THE NEW POLICY BANS CARS IN THE CITY
CENTRE.
 PAST PARTICIPLE CLAUSES
!!! NOTE THAT PAST PARTICIPLES NORMALLY HAVE A PASSIVE MEANING.

• WITH A SIMILAR MEANING TO AN IF CONDITION

 USED IN THIS WAY, PARTICIPLES CAN MAKE YOUR WRITING MORE
CONCISE.
( = IF YOU USE PARTICIPLES IN THIS WAY, … )

• TO GIVE THE REASON FOR AN ACTION

 WORRIED BY THE NEWS, SHE CALLED THE HOSPITAL.

• TO ADD INFORMATION ABOUT THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE

 FILLED WITH PRIDE, HE WALKED TOWARDS THE STAGE.
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE CLAUSES
- SHOW THAT THE ACTION THEY DESCRIBE WAS FINISHED BEFORE THE ACTION IN THE MAIN
CLAUSE.
- PERFECT PARTICIPLES CAN BE STRUCTURED TO MAKE AN ACTIVE OR PASSIVE MEANING.

 HAVING GOT DRESSED, HE SLOWLY WENT DOWNSTAIRS.

= UBRAWSZY SIĘ , POWOLI ZSZEDŁ NA DÓŁ
 HAVING FINISHED THEIR TRAINING, THEY WILL BE FULLY QUALIFIED DOCTORS.
= UKOŃCZYWSZY SZKOLENIE, BĘDĄ PEŁNO - WYKWALIFIKOWANYMI LEKARZAMI
 HAVING BEEN MADE REDUNDANT, SHE STARTED LOOKING FOR A NEW JOB.
=PO TYM JAK ZOSTAŁA ZWOLNIONA, ROZPOCZĘŁA SZUKANIE NOWEJ PRACY.
= PO ZWOLNIENIU Z PRACY, ZACZĘŁA SZUKAĆ NOWEJ
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
STRONĘ CZYNNĄ TWORZYMY POPRZEZ UŻYCIE
KONSTRUKCJI

HAVING + 3 FORMA CZASOWNIKA + DOPEŁNIENIE.

HAVING CLEANED HER ROOM, CLAIRE PREPARED BREAKFAST.

= POSPRZĄTAWSZY SWÓJ POKÓJ, CLAIRE PRZYGOTOWAŁA ŚNIADANIE.

STRONA BIERNA WYMAGA KONSTRUKCJI:

HAVING BEEN + 3 FORMA CZASOWNIKA + DOPEŁNIENIE

HAVING BEEN WASHED, CLAIRE'S CLOTHES SHRUNK.
= PO WYPRANIU, UBRANIA CLAIRE ZMNIEJSZYŁY SIĘ.
 PARTICIPLE CLAUSES AFTER CONJUNCTIONS
AND PREPOSITIONS
• IT IS ALSO COMMON FOR PARTICIPLE CLAUSES, ESPECIALLY WITH -ING, TO FOLLOW
CONJUNCTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS SUCH AS:

BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF, ON, SINCE, WHEN,

WHILE, IN SPITE OF.

• BEFORE COOKING, YOU SHOULD WASH YOUR HANDS.

• INSTEAD OF COMPLAINING ABOUT IT, THEY SHOULD TRY DOING SOMETHING POSITIVE.
• ON ARRIVING AT THE HOTEL, HE WENT TO GET CHANGED.
• WHILE PACKING HER THINGS, SHE THOUGHT ABOUT THE LAST TWO YEARS.
• IN SPITE OF HAVING READ THE INSTRUCTIONS TWICE, I STILL COULDN’T UNDERSTAND
 1. USE
- TO SHORTEN RELATIVE CLAUSES
- TO MAKE ONE SENTENCE OUT OF
TWO
- AFTER VERBS OF ›PERCEPTION‹
(E.G. SEE, WATCH, HEAR, LISTEN TO,
SMELL, FEEL)
- AFTER VERBS OF ›REST‹ AND
›MOVEMENT‹ (E.G. RUN, GO, COME, STAY,
STAND, LIE, SIT)
- AFTER THE VERB HAVE
INSTEAD OF A SUBORDINATE
CLAUSE
2. FORM 3. EXAMPLES
THE CARS WHICH ARE PRODUCED IN JAPAN
PRESENT PARTICIPLE:
ARE NICE.
AN EXCITING RACE THE CARS PRODUCED IN JAPAN ARE NICE.
PAST I SAW THE MAN. HE CAME TO THE SHOP.
PARTICIPLE: EXCITED PEOPLE I SAW THE MAN COMING TO THE SHOP.
I SAW THE CAR COMING ROUND THE
CORNER.
THE GIRL SAT SLEEPING ON THE SOFA.
I HAVE MY CLOTHES WASHED.
WHEN YOU GO TO ENGLAND YOU IMPROVE
YOUR ENGLISH.
GOING TO ENGLAND IMPROVES YOUR
ENGLISH.
 EXERCISE 2

1. ___ BY THE CHANGING INFORMATION, THEY THOUGHT THE PLANE WAS CANCELLED
A) CONFUSING B) CONFUSED C) HAVING CONFUSED
2. ___ AT A LOW TEMPERATURE, THESE JEANS WILL KEEP THEIR ORIGINAL COLOUR FOR A LONG TIME.
A) WASHING B) WASHED C) HAVING WASHED
3. ___ THE PAPER, HE SAW THE NEWS ABOUT HIS HOMETOWN.
A) READING B) READ C) HAVING READ
4. ___ BY A LOCAL ARCHITECT AND ARTIST, THE HOUSE COMBINES TRADITIONAL MATERIALS WITH ORIGINAL DESIGN.
A) BUILDING B) BUILT C) HAVING BUILT
5. ___ IN INDIA FOR TWO YEARS, KALEEM COULD SPEAK SOME HINDI.
A) LIVING B) LIVED C) HAVING LIVED
6. ___ IN PRISONS THROUGHOUT HER TWENTIES, SHE WROTE HER FIRST PLAY ABOUT LIFE BEHIND BARS.
A) AFTER WORKING B) WORKED C) HAVING BEEN WORKED
7. ___ THROUGH THE WOODS, THEY FOUND A BIRD WITH A BROKEN WING.
A) WALKING B) WALKED C) HAVING WALKED
8. ___ FOR THE FINAL INTERVIEW, THE CANDIDATES WERE ASKED TO PREPARE A SHORT PRESENTATION.
 1. B) CONFUSED
2. B) WASHED
3. A) READING
4. A) BUILDING
5. C) HAVING LIVED
6. A) AFTER WORKING
7. A) WALKING
8. C) HAVING BEEN SELECTED