FORCED LANDINGS

OBJECTIVES
 Review of concepts and previous knowledge

 Why learn about Forced approaches

 Ancillary Equipment

 Different Scenarios of Forced Landings

 Ideology behind 360 method

 how to achieve 360 method for Landing.

 Forced Landing in the Circuit.

 Safety Aspects

 Summary
Why Learn About Forced Landings
 Fuel Starvation- could be due to fuel leak or some other factor leading
upto fuel feed not reaching the engine.

 Low Oil pressure High OIl temperature- an engine failure is imminent

be prepared.

 Mechanical failure- cylinder malfunctions, spark plug malfunction.

 Air intake blockage- due to ice or any other reason stopping the air
entering the engine

 Carb Icing
Ancillary Equipment
Different Scenarios of Forced Landings

1. Engine Failure on the Runway during take-off run

2. Engine Failure right after takeoff

3. Engine Failure after takeoff but with some gained altitude

4. Engine Failure in the Circuit

360 Method Ideology
 High Key point – 1400ft AGL

 +Elevation – 2400ft ASL

Breakdown : c172 descend about

600Ft/Min. So , twice that would be
1200Ft. +200 would be the safety
margin.

 Low Key point- 1800ft ASL

Usually is 1 minute descent from the
high key altitude.

 Final key- 1300ft ASL

At this point we want to be roughly 500
ft AGL and ready to turn in for final
touchdown.
How to Perform a Successful Forced

 SET GLIDE SPEED- 65 KTS IAS – Correct speed for headwind or Tailwind

 PICK A FIELD – Select a field that’s no too far out , and select quickly. Plus know
where the winds are coming from to point the nose into the wind for landing.

 CAUSE CHECK- refer to POH

 Carb heat – on
 Mixture –Rich
 Fuel Selector – Both try different tanks
 Magnetos- ON try cycling magnetos
 Primer – Locked

 MAYDAY CALL- 121.5 MHz MAYDAY(X3) REG. (X3) location, POB

 SQUAWK 7700

 ELT ACTIVATE
 How to Perform a Successful Forced
(cont.)
 SECURE ENGINE- Just at the final key before touchdown.
 Mixture – Idle
 Fuel selector – off
 Ignition – off
 Master –off
 Brake- heavily after touchdown

 PASSENGER BRIEF – calm them down , include in your briefings safety points such as
:

 Safety belt
 Opening door
 Stowing objects
 Fire Extinguisher
Forced Approach in the Circuit
 Safety Aspects
 Engine clearing periodically especially during winter months

 Overshoot timely and in correct manner for altitude

 Do not descend too much especially with houses around the

field

 Maintain proper speed control when getting close to the ground .

 Summary
Ø Why learn about Forced approaches

Ø Ancillary Equipment

Ø Different Scenarios of Forced Landings

Ø Ideology behind 360 method

Ø how to achieve 360 method for Landing.

Ø Forced Landing in the Circuit.

Ø Safety Aspects
Questions & Concerns