Teaching Example

9.1
9.1 (Extra) 9.6 9.11

9.2 9.7
9.2 (Extra) 9.7 (Extra) 9.12

9.3 9.8 9.13

9.3 (Extra) 9.8 (Extra) 9.13 (Extra)

9.4
9.4 (Extra) 9.9 9.14

9.5 9.15
9.5 (Extra) 9.10 9.15 (Extra)
Teaching Example 9.1
Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
(a) sin 45 tan 45
(b) 4 cos 2 30  3
sin 60 tan 30
(c)
cos 60

Solution
1
(a) sin 45 tan 45  1
2
1  2
  or 
2  2 
Teaching Example 9.1
Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
(a) sin 45 tan 45
(b) 4 cos 2 30  3
sin 60 tan 30
(c)
cos 60

Solution
2
1 3 
(a) 4 cos 30  3  4   1   3
(b) sin 45
2
 tan 45  
2 2 
13  2

 4   3or 
24  2 
6
Teaching Example 9.1
Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
(a) sin 45 tan 45
(b) 4 cos 2 30  3
sin 60 tan 30
(c)
cos 60

Solution
3 1
1 
60 tan
sin 45
(a) sin 30  2 1 3
tan 45
(c) 
cos 60 2 1
1 2 2
 1  or 
2 2 
2
1
2
1
Teaching Example 9.1 (Extra)
Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(a) cos 60  tan 30 tan 60
(b) tan 60 sin 60  sin 2 45
tan 45  4sin 30
(c)
cos 2 30

Solution
1 1
(a) cos 60  tan 30 tan 60    3
2 3
1
 1
2
1

2
Teaching Example 9.1 (Extra)
Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(a) cos 60  tan 30 tan 60
(b) tan 60 sin 60  sin 2 45
tan 45  4sin 30
(c)
cos 2 30

Solution
2
1 13  1 
60sin
tan 60
(a) cos
(b) 6030sin
 tan 60  3  3 
tan2 45
2 32  2 
31 1
 1
2 2
1 1

2
Teaching Example 9.1 (Extra)
Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(a) cos 60  tan 30 tan 60
(b) tan 60 sin 60  sin 2 45
tan 45  4sin 30
(c)
cos 2 30

Solution 1
1 4
tan 45  4 sin 30 11 1
(c)
(a) cos 1 4 22 
 60
60 2 tan 30 tan  3
tan 45  4
cos 30 sin 30
(c)   3 222 3
cos 30
2
 23 1
    1
 2 2
1 2 

1 3 2  1
 2
43
44
4
Teaching Example 9.2
Find  in each of the following equations without using a calculator.
(a) 2sin   3
(b) 2 cos   tan 45  0

Solution

(a) 2 sin   3
3
sin  
2
  60

(b) 2 cos   tan 45  0

2 cos   1  0
1
cos  
2
  60
Teaching Example 9.2 (Extra)
Find  in each of the following equations without using a calculator.
(a) 3 tan 2  3
(b) 2 cos(  10)  1

Solution

(a) 3 tan 2  3
3
tan 2 
3
tan 2  3
2  60
  30
Teaching Example 9.2 (Extra)
Find  in each of the following equations without using a calculator.
(a) 3 tan 2  3
(b) 2 cos(  10)  1

Solution

3 tan2 10
(a) 2 cos(
(b)  3)  1
3 1
tan2 10
cos(  ) 
3 2
tan 2 103 60
2  60  50
  30
Teaching Example 9.3
In the figure, ADC is a straight line.

Without using a calculator, find

(a) the length of AD,
(b) BCD.

Solution
(a) In △ABD,
AD
tan 30 
AB
1 AD

3 2 3 cm
AD  2 cm
(b) BCD.

Solution
(b)
(a) In △ABC,
△ABD,
AD AB
 
BCD
tan 30
AB AC
1 AD AB
tan BCD 
3 2 3AD cm DC
AD  2 cm 2 3 cm
tan BCD 
(2  4) cm
3
tan BCD 
3
BCD  30
Teaching Example 9.3 (Extra)
The figure shows two shadows AD and BD of a tree CD on the horizontal ground at
9:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. respectively. If A, D and B lie on a straight line and the height
of the tree is 8 m, find the distance between A and B. (Leave your answer in surd
form.)
Solution
In △ACD,
CD
tan 45 
AD
8m
1
AD
AD  8 m
In △BCD,
CD
tan 30 
BD
1 8m

3 BD
BD  8 3 m
Distance between A and B  AD  BD
 (8  8 3) m
Teaching Example 9.4
40
Given that cos   , find the values of sin  and tan  without evaluating .
41

Solution
40
Construct △ABC as shown with cos   .
41

BC  AC 2  AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 412  402
9
BC 9
∴ sin   
AC 41
BC 9
tan   
AB 40
Teaching Example 9.4 (Extra)
11
Given that tan   , find the values of sin  and cos  without evaluating .
5
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)

Solution
11
Construct △ABC as shown with tan   .
5

AC  AB 2  BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 5 2  ( 11 ) 2
6
BC 11
∴ sin   
AC 6
AB 5
cos   
AC 6
Teaching Example 9.5
cos  tan 
Given that sin   0.4 , find the value of without evaluating .
2
Solution
sin   0.4
2

5
2
Construct △ABC as shown with sin   .
5

AB  AC 2  BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 52  2 2
 21

AB 21
∴ cos   
AC 5
BC 2
tan   
AB 21
Solution
sin   0.4 21 2

cos2  tan  5 21
∴  
5 2 2
2
2
Construct △ABC  5
as shown with sin   .
2 5
1
AB  AC 2  BC2 (Pyth. theorem)
5
 5 22 2

 21

AB 21
∴ cos   
AC 5
BC 2
tan   
AB 21
Teaching Example 9.5 (Extra)
1
Given that tan   0.8 , find the value of without evaluating .
sin   cos 
(Leave your answer in surd form.)
Solution
tan   0.8
8

10
4

5
4
Construct △ABC as shown with tan   .
5

AC  AB 2  BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 52  4 2
 41
BC 4
∴ sin   
AC 41
AB 5
cos   
AC 41
Solution
sin   0.4 1 1
∴ 
sin2  cos  4

5

5 41 41
1 2

Construct △ABC as shown with sin   .
9 5
41
AB  AC  BC 2 2
41 (Pyth. theorem)

 52  2 2 9
 21

AB 21
∴ cos   
AC 5
BC 2
tan   
AB 21
Teaching Example 9.6
Simplify the following expressions.
(a) sin  cos  tan 
(b) 4  cos 2   sin 2 
2  2 cos 2 
(c)
tan 2 

Solution
sin 
(a) sin  cos  tan   sin  cos  
cos 
 sin 2 

(b) 4  cos 2   sin 2   4  (cos 2   sin 2  )

 4 1
3
Teaching Example 9.6
Simplify the following expressions.
(a) sin  cos  tan 
(b) 4  cos 2   sin 2 
2  2 cos 2 
(c)
tan 2 

Solution
2  2 cos 2  2(1  cos 2  ) sin 
(a) sin  cos
(c)  tan   sin2 cos  
tan 
2
sin  cos 
sin 
2
 cos
cos 2 
 2sin  
2

sin 2 
(b) 4  cos 2   sin 2
 
 2 cos 2 4  (cos 2   sin 2  )

 4 1
3
Teaching Example 9.7
1
Simplify tan  
2
.
cos 2 

Solution
1 sin 2  1
tan  
2
 
cos 2  cos 2  cos 2 
sin 2   1

cos 2 
 (1  sin 2  )

cos 2 
 cos 2 

cos 2 
 1
Teaching Example 9.7 (Extra)
Simplify tan  cos3   sin 3  .

Solution
sin 
tan  cos 3   sin 3    cos 3   sin 3 
cos 
 sin  cos 2   sin 3 
 sin  (cos 2   sin 2  )
 sin   1
 sin 
Teaching Example 9.8
12
Given that sin   , find the values of cos  and tan  by using the trigonometric
37
identities.
Solution
Solution2
∵ cos 2   1  sin 22 
∵ cos   1  sin 
∴ cos  1  sin 22 
∴ cos  1  sin 
2
 2
12
 1   12 
 1   37 
 37 
1225
 1225
 1369
1369
35
 35
 37
37
sin 
tan   sin 
tan   cos 
cos 
12
12
 37
 37
35
35
37
37
12
 12
 35
35
Teaching Example 9.8 (Extra)
20
It is given that cos   .
29
(a) Find the values of sin  and tan  by using the trigonometric identities.
tan   sin 
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of .
cos  tan 
Solution
Solution
(a) ∵ sin 22  1  cos 22
(a) ∵ sin   1  cos 
∴ sin   1  cos 22
∴ sin   1  cos 
2
 20  2
 1   20 
 1  29 
 29 
441
 441
 841
841
21
 21
 29
29
sin 
tan   sin 
tan   cos 
cos 
21
21
 29
29
 20
20
29
29
21
 21
 20
20
Solution
(a) ∵ sin 2   1 21 cos 221
 
tan   sin  20 29
(b) ∴ sin   1  cos 2

cos  tan  20

21
29 2020 
2

 1 189
 
 29 
 580
441
21

841
29
21189 29
  
29580 21
9

sin  20
tan  
cos 
21
 29
20
29
21

20
Teaching Example 9.9
6
Given that tan   , find the values of sin  and cos  by using the trigonometric
5
identities.
(Leave your answers in surd form.)
Solution
6
∵ tan  
5
sin  6
∴ 
cos  5
5sin   6 cos 
(5sin  ) 2  (6 cos  ) 2
25sin 2   36 cos 2 
25(1  cos 2  )  36 cos 2 
25  25cos 2   36 cos 2 
25  61cos 2 
25
cos 2  
61
5  5 61 
cos    or 
61  61 
∵ 5 sin   6 cos 
Solution
(a) ∵ sin 2   1  cos 2 
∵ 5 sin   6 cos 
∴ sin   1  cos 2 
6 5
∴ sin    2
5  61  20 
1  
6  62961  
  or 
61 441 61 
 
841
21

29

sin 
tan  
cos 
21
 29
20
29
21

20
Teaching Example 9.10
3 3cos 
Given that tan   , find the value of by using the trigonometric
7 7 sin   5cos 
identities.

Solution
3 cos 
3 cos  cos 

7 sin   5 cos  7 sin   5 cos 
cos 
3

7 sin  5 cos 

cos  cos 
3

7 tan   5
3

3
7 5
7
Solution
3 cos 
3 cos  cos 

7 sin   5 cos  7 sin   5 cos 
cos 
3

7 sin  5 cos 

cos  cos 
3

7 tan   5
3

3
7 5
7
3

35
3

2
Alternative Solution
3
tan  
7
sin  3

cos  7
3 cos 
∴ sin  
7
3 cos  3 cos 

7 sin   5 cos   3 cos  
7   5 cos 
 7 
3 cos 

3 cos   5 cos 
3 cos 

 2 cos 
3

2
Teaching Example 9.11
Teaching
Find
Teaching Example
 in each of the9.11
Example following equations by using the trigonometric identities.
9.11
Find 
Find
(a) ineach
in
cos  sinof
each of65the
 following
the following equations
equations by
by using
using the
the trigonometric
trigonometric identities.
identities.
(a) cos 
(a) cos   sin 65
sin165
(b) tan  
tan1131
tan 
(b) tan
(b)  tan 31
(c) cos(  34 ) sin 
tan31
cos(
(c) cos(
(c)  34)) 
 34 sin 
 sin 
Solution
Solution
(a)
Solution cos   sin 65
(a)
(a) cos 
cos   sin 65  65)
65
cos(90
sin
cos 
cos  25 
cos(90
 cos
cos(90 65))
 65
∴ cos cos  2525
 cos
cos 25
∴
∴ 
 25
 25
1
(b) tan  
(b) tan  
tan1131
(b) tan   tan(90

tan tan 31  31)
tan 31
tan  59 
tan(90
 tan
tan(90 31))
 31
∴ tan
tan   59
 tan 59
tan59
Teaching
Teaching Example
Example 9.11
9.11
Find 
Find  in
in each
each of
of the
the following
following equations
equations by
by using
using the
the trigonometric
trigonometric identities.
identities.
(a) cos 
(a) cos  sin 65
sin 65
11
tan 
(b) tan
(b)  tan 31
tan 31
cos(
(c) cos(
(c)  34)) 
 34  sin 
sin 

Solution
Solution
(a)
(c)
(a) cos  
cos 
cos(  sin
3465
sin )  sin 
65
cos(
cos  
cos   cos(90
34)  cos(90
cos(90  65))   )
 65
∴ cos  
cos  cos
3425
cos 2590  
∴
∴ 
 252  124
 25
  62
1
1
(b)
(b) tan  
tan   tan 31
tan 31
tan 
tan  tan(90 
 tan(90 31))
 31
tan 
tan  tan 59
tan 59
Teaching Example 9.12
Teaching Example 9.12
Simplify the following expressions.
Simplify
Teachingthe following
Example 9.12expressions.
tan(90   )
(a)
Simplifytan(90    ) expressions.
the following
(a) cos  cos(90   )
 cos(90
costan(90  )  )
(a) 2sin 2 (90   )
2sin22cos(90
(b) cos (90  ) )2 cos 2 
2
(b) tan 2 (90   )  2 cos 
(90))
tan 2(90
2sin
(b)  2 cos 2

tan (90   )
2

Solution
Solution
Solution 1
tan(90   ) 1
(a) tan(90   )  tan1  tan
 
(a) cos  cos(90   )  cos  sin
 cos(
costan( 9090)  ) costan  sin
 
(a)  cos 
cos  cos(90   ) coscos  
 sin
 cos sin 
 cossin  
 sin
 sin 
cossin
 cos   1
 cos 
  1
sin  sin
 cos  cos  sin 
sin  cos 1sin 
cos
 1
 sin12  cos  sin 
 sin 2 
sin1 

sin 2 
Teaching Example 9.12
Simplify
Teachingthe following
Example 9.12expressions.
Simplifytan(90    ) expressions.
the following
(a)
 cos(90
costan(90  )  )
(a)
2sin2cos(90
cos (90  )  )
(b)  2 cos 2 
(90))
22
tan (90
2sin
(b)  2 cos 2

tan (90   )
2

Solution
Solution
2 sin 2 (90   ) 2 1 2 cos 
2
(b)  2 cos    2 cos 2

tan( 90  
tan (90   )  ) 1
 tan1 
2
(a)
 cos(
costan( 9090)  ) costan  sin
 
tan 2

(a) 
 sin   tan   2 cos 
2 2 2
cos  cos(90   ) coscos 2 cos
 cossin  sin 2 

 sin
cossin 2 cos

2
   2 cos 2

  cos 2

cos  2 sin 21
 cos  sin
    2 cos 
2

sin  cos 12sin  2

cos
 2(sin   cos  )
1
 sin 2  2cos
(1)
 sin 
sin1 
 2
sin 2 
Teaching Example 9.13
Teaching Example 9.13
Find the values
Find the values of
of the
the following
following expressions
expressions without
without using
using aa calculator.
calculator.
2 27  cos 2 63
2 2
(a) cos
(a) cos 27  cos 63
(b) cos18  sin18
cos18
(b) tan 72  sin18
tan 72

Solution
Solution
2 27  cos 2 63  cos 2 27  sin 2 (90  63)
2 2 2 2
(a) cos
(a) cos 27  cos 63  cos 27  sin (90  63)
 cos 2 27  sin 2 27
2 2
 cos 27  sin 27

 11
Teaching
Teaching Example
Example 9.13
9.13
Find
Find the
the values
values of
of the
the following
following expressions
expressions without
without using
using aa calculator.
calculator.
2 27  cos 2 63
2 2
(a) cos
(a) cos 27  cos 63
(b) cos18  sin18
cos18
(b) tan 72  sin18
tan 72

Solution
Solution
(a) cos18
cos 2   cos 22 63  cos
2 27 2 27 sin 2 (90  63)
cos18
2 2
(b) cos 27sin18
(a) cos 63    cos 27  sin (90  63)
sin18
tan 72 1
 cos
tan(90 2 27  sin 2 27
2
cos 2772
 sin
2

) 27

 11
cos18
  sin18
1
tan18
 cos18 tan18  sin18
sin18
 cos18  sin18
cos18
 sin18  sin18
0
Teaching Example 9.13 (Extra)
Find the value of 3  3 tan 2 26 sin 2 64  3cos 2 26 without using a calculator.

Solution

3  3 tan 2 26 sin 2 64  3cos 2 26  3  3 tan 2 26 cos 2 (90  64)  3cos 2 26
sin 2 26
 3  3  cos 2
26   3cos 2
26
cos 2 26
 3  3sin 2 26  3cos 2 26
 3  3(sin 2 26  cos 2 26)
 3  3(1)
0
Teaching Example 9.14
Teaching Example 9.14
Prove the following
Prove the following trigonometric
trigonometric identities.
identities.
(sin 
 cos  )) 2  1 2sin  cos 
2
(a)
(a) (sin  cos 1  2sin  cos 
(b) sin(90
(b) 
sin(90   ))  cos 
 cos  2sin 
 2sin 
tan(90 
 tan(90  ))

Solution
Solution
(a) L.H.S.  (sin   cos 
(a) L.H.S.  (sin   cos  ) 
) 2
2 1
1
 2   2sin  cos   cos 2   1
2 2
sin
 sin   2sin  cos   cos   1
 2sin  cos   sin 2   cos 2   1
2 2
 2sin  cos   sin   cos   1
 2sin 
 2sin cos 
 cos  11 
 11
 2sin 
 2sin cos 
 cos 
R.H.S. 
R.H.S. 2sin 
 2sin cos 
 cos 
∵ L.H.S. 
∵ L.H.S.  R.H.S.
R.H.S.
∴
∴ (sin  cos 
(sin   cos  ) 2 
 ) 2
11 2sin 
 2sin cos 
 cos 
Teaching Example 9.14
Prove the following trigonometric identities.
(a) (sin   cos  ) 2  1  2sin  cos 
(b) sin(90   )  cos   2sin  tan(90   )

Solution

(a) L.H.S. 
(b) L.H.S.  sin(
(sin90  ))cos
  cos 2
 1
 cos2  cos 
 sin   2sin  cos   cos 2   1
 2 cos 
 2sin  cos   sin 2   cos 2   1
2 sin  cos
R.H.S.  2sin tan(9011)
1
2 sin  cos
 2sin  
tan 
R.H.S.  2sin  cos cos
 2 sin  
∵ L.H.S.  R.H.S. sin 
∴ (sin  2 cos   ) 2  1  2sin  cos 
 cos
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ sin( 90   )  cos   2 sin  tan(90   )
Teaching Example 9.15
1 sin(90   ) tan 2 
Prove the identity  .
tan(90   ) cos(90   )

Solution
1
L.H.S. 
tan(90   )
 tan 

sin( 90   ) tan 2 

R.H.S. 
cos(90   )
sin 2 
cos  
 cos 2

sin 
sin 2  1
 
cos  sin 
sin 

cos 
Solution
1
L.H.S. 
tan(90   )
 tan 

sin( 90   ) tan 2 

R.H.S. 
cos(90   )
sin 2 
cos  
 cos 2

sin 
sin 2  1
 
cos  sin 
sin 

cos 
 tan 
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1 sin( 90  θ ) tan 2 θ
∴ 
tan(90  θ ) cos(90  θ )
Teaching Example 9.15 (Extra)
1 1 2 tan(90   )
Prove the identity   .
1  sin(90   ) 1  cos  sin 
Solution
1 1
L.H.S.  
1  sin(90   ) 1  cos 
1 1
 
1  cos  1  cos 
1  cos   (1  cos  )

(1  cos  )(1  cos  )
1  cos   1  cos 

1  cos 2 
2 cos 

sin 2 
Solution
2 tan(901   ) 1
R.H.S. 
L.H.S. 
sin     ) 1  cos 
1  sin(90
21 1 1
  
sin 
1  cos  1 cos 
tan
1 2coscos
 (1  cos  )

(1 cossin
sin  )(1  cos  )
 cos  1  cos 
12cos
 sin 2 
1  cos 2 
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
2 cos 
 12 1 2 tan(90   )
∴ sin   
1  sin(90   ) 1  cos  sin 