Hyoid Bone

Group Members
 Shanza Bibi
 Maham Sarfaraz
 Areej kamran
 Amna Malik
 Rubab Tariq
 Somiyyah Khurshid
 Umaima khan
 Manahil Fatima
 Objectives of the lecture;
Introduction
Partsof Hyoid bone
Attachments
Muscle Attachments
Ligament Attachments
Pathologies
• Introduction:
• The hyoid bone is a mobile single bone in the
Anterior midline of neck between lower jaw and the
largest cartilage of larynx .It is also at the base of
mandible.
• At rest it is present at the level of C3.
• The bone has a central body forming the centre of the
U with two smaller protruding structures on the
superior surface (lesser horns)and two larger
protrusions from the body greater horns
• The hyoid bone has no direct articulation with other
bones; it is only connected distantly to other bones by
muscles or ligaments.
Boundaries;
 Above;floor of the mouth
 Below ;larynx
 Behind ;Epiglottis And pharynx
 Parts;
 Central part the body
 Two Cornua /horns
 Greater horn
 Lesser horn
Parts of
Hyoid
Bone
 Body

 Main central part

 Quadlilateral - with four sides
 2 Borders – Upper and Lower
 2 Surfaces
Anterior - Convex Posterior – Concave
Forward Backward
Upward Downward
Rough Smooth
Transverse Ridge No Ridges
Median Ridge (divides in halves)
Lateral Extremities
connects it with
greater horns
with help of
cartilages but later
unites with bone
 Greater Cornu Lesser Cornu
• Flat
• 2 Borders • Small Projection
Medial Conical
Lateral • Location
• 2 Surfaces At junction of body
Upper and greater horn
Lower • Projects
• At ends – Tubercles Upwards and Laterally
• Projects
Upwards and Backwards
Muscle attachment

• Sternothyroid
Ligament attachment

Stylohyoid ligament> lesser horn

Thyrohyoid membrane> medial surface of greater horn
 Hyoepiglottic ligament> medial surface of greater horn
Muscle Of Hyoid Bone
AMNA MALIK
ORAL CAVITY AND PHARYNX

Three muscles are involved:

1. Genioglossus
2. Hypoglossus
3. Middle pharyngeal constrictor
 HYPOGLOSSUS (quadrilateral shaped)
glossus (Greek term for Tongue)
Origin:
on greater horn of hyoid bone
Insert:
lateral surface of tongue
Function:
1. depresses the tongue
2. Retraction o tongue
Nerve Supply:
sublingual branch of the lingual artery
submental branch of the facial artery.
 MIDDLR PHALANGEAL
CONSTRICTOR(fan-shaped)
 Also known as hypopharangeal muscle.
Origin:
1. Stylohyoid ligament
2. Lesser cornu of hyoid bone
3. Greater cornu of hyoid bone
Insert:
median fibrous raphae
Function:
Helps in deglutition
Nerve Supply:
phalangeal branch of vagus nerve carrying
fibres of cranial root of accessory nerve
SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES
MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY

DIGASTRIC The posterior digastric belly Body of hyoid The digastrics raise The mylohyoid
originates from the mastoid bone the tongue base and nerve innervate the
process of the temporal bone; hyoid bone and anterior belly of the
and the anterior digastric depress the mandible digastric muscle, and
belly originates from the for jaw opening, the facial nerve
digastric fossa of the chewing, and speech innervates the posterior
mandible belly of the digastric
muscle

STYLOHYOID Styloid process of temporal Body of hyoid Elevates and draws Stylohyoid branch of
bone bone hyoid bone facial nerve (CN VII)
posteriorly
MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY

GENIOHYOID Inferior mental spine Body of hyoid bone Elevates and draw Geniohyoid muscle is
hyoid bone innervated by
anteriorly; shortens the anterior ramus of
the mouth floor ; spinal nerve C1 carried
widens pharynx by the hypoglossal nerve.

MYLOHYOID Originates from Body of hyoid bone Elevates floor of division of the inferior
mandible near mouth alveolar nerve, a branch
molars. of the mandibular
division of the trigeminal
nerve
 Infrahyoid muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply Blood supply Action
Thyrohyoid The oblique line of Inferior border of Anterior ramus of Superior thyroid • Depresses the
the thyroid body and greater spinal nerve C1 via and lingual hyoid bone.
cartilage horn of hyoid bone hypoglossal nerve arteries. • Elevates the
(CN XII) larynx.

Omohyoid Upper border of Lower border of C1, C2, and C3 Superior thyroid • Depression and
scapula hyoid bone and lingual elevation during
arteries. swallowing and in
vocal movements

Sternohyoid • Posterior surface Lower border of C1, C2, and C3 Branches of • Depresses the
of medial end of hyoid bone after
clavicle
hyoid bone. superior thyroid
artery it has been
• posterior
sternoclavicular elevated
ligament
• upper posterior
aspect of
manubrium
sterni
 Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply Blood supply Action
Sternothyroid • Posterior surface of The oblique line Anterior ramus of Superior thyroid • Depresses the
manubrium sterni
• 1st costal cartilage
of thyroid C1-C3 and lingual hyoid bone.
cartilage arteries • Elevates the
larynx
 Ligaments of Hyoid Bone

STYLOHYOID THYROHYOID HYOEPIGLOTTI

LIGAMENT MEMBRANE C LIGAMENT
 Stylohyoid Ligament
• The stylohyoid ligament has its point of origin from
the styloid process of the temporal bone and point of
insertion within lesser horn of the hyoid bone.
• Provides part of origin for middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscles and styloglossus muscle.

Thyrohyoid membrane
The thyrohyoid membrane connects the thyroid cartilage to
the hyoid bone and facilitates the superior movement of the
larynx during swallowing.
 Hyoepiglottic ligament
 Itis a small elastic ligament which connects the
lower part of anterior surface of the epiglottis to
the hyoid bone.
 The hyoepiglottic ligament is arguably the most
important ligament in the human body with its
sole purpose being to help you intubate the
most challenging of airways.
 DISORDERS RELATED TO HYOID
BONE
 EAGLE SYNDROME:
Eagle syndrome is typically caused by an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament
in the neck.
Symptoms
Throat pain
Difficulty in swallowing
Facial pain
Treatment
Manual therapy techniques to address muscle tension and improve range of
motion
Therapeutic exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles

Postural correction strategies.

 HYOID BONE SYNDROME
 Hyoid bone syndrome is a disorder characterized by chronic pain in the throat and neck
area.
 cause
 muscle tension
 Dysfunction around the hyoid bone.
 poor posture,
 muscle imbalances
 Trauma
 Treatment
 Manual therapy techniques to address muscle tension and improve range of motion in the
 neck and throat area.
 Therapeutic exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve posture.