COMPUTER SYSTEM

MAINTENANCE

IPT – 1, 2018/19

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 INSTRUCTORS
1. WILBARD GEOFREY MASUE

2. ABIHUDI SIFUNI MOTE

3. SAMSON LAZARO

4. ABRAHAMU,JOFREY .M.

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 INTRODUCTION

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Maintenance

• Maintenance includes both hardware & software in it.

• Maintenance is a continuous process.

• Hardware maintenance includes cleaning dust, maintaining

constant voltage, etc.

• Software maintenance includes reinstallation, upgradation &

removal of different software's.
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Computer hardware maintenance

• Computer hardware maintenance involves taking care of

the computer's physical components, such as its keyboard, hard
drive and internal CD or DVD drives.

• Cleaning the computer, keeping its fans free from dust, and
defragmenting its hard drives regularly are all parts of a
computer hardware maintenance program

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Computer hardware maintenance….

• Computer Hardware Maintenance presents the full scope

and understanding of how the PC hardware maintenance
function should operate and be managed in an organization,
including steps involved in containing costs, keeping records,
and planning the integration of the help desk function.

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Importance Of Hardware Maintenance

• Maintaining hardware helps to extend the computer's

lifespan. It helps to prevent wear and tear, and keeps the
system functioning smoothly

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Servicing

• Servicing is mainly associated with hardware equipment.

• Servicing includes checkups, repairs and updation of all physical

components.

• Service provider should have proper knowledge about various

components and their installation procedures.

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Troubleshooting

• The detection and removal of faults in the computer system

is known as troubleshooting.

• If a problem is detected in a system, it is to be sorted out

immediately.

• Troubleshooting is of two types :

• Hardware troubleshooting.

• Software troubleshooting.
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…Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting depends on the following four factors:

• Problem solving approach.

• Techniques adopted in troubleshooting.

• Tools and test equipment's used.

• Diagnostic aids in the PC.

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Repairing Concepts

• Repairing means to rectify the problem in the hardware or

software.

While finding or analyzing the faults, it can be decided which

hardware or software can be repaired.

• Repairing may also include replacement of a component.

• It is an essential part of troubleshooting.

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 Computer Parts and Peripherals

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Computer Parts
• There are many parts that
work together to make a
computer work.
• Physical parts of the computer,
 including processor
 memory chips,
 input/output devices,
 tapes, disks,
 modems,
 cable, etc.

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Central Processing Unit
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The
Brain” of the Computer.
• Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes
instructions. This is usually measured in megahertz (MHz).
• Brands of Processors include:
• Pentium
• Celeron
• MAC
• AMD
• Cyrix

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Central Processing Unit

• Computer chip: also called the microprocessor may contain an entire processing
unit.

• Computer chips contain millions of transistors. They are small pieces of semi-
conducting material (silicon).

• An integrated circuit is embedded in the silicon. Computers are made of many

chips on a circuit board.

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Data Storage Devices
• The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device
typically located internally.
• Fast recording and recovery of data

• Large storage capacity

• Magnetic

• Primary storage device for data and programs

• Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s

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Data Storage Devices
• CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory): A CD used as a
read-only optical memory device for a computer system.
• DVD-ROM: a DVD used as a read-only optical memory
device for a computer system.
• CD Approximately 600 to 700 megabyte of storage and
DVD 1 GB …

• CD Rom Drive: The drive that plays CDs and reads data that has
been stored on the CD.
• DVD Rom Drive: The drive that plays CDs and reads data that has
been stored on the DVD

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Data Storage Devices
• Floppy diskette is magnetic storage device
for small amounts of data (1.44MB).

• FLASH drive is a compact and portable

electronic storage device.
• USB (plug and play) supported.

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Memory Storage Devices
• Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
• The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
• A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
• Typical units of measurement:
• 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
• 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes
• 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes

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Memory Storage Devices
• RAM (random access memory) stores data
that is processing. This type of memory is
erased when the computer is turned off.
• ROM (read only memory) contains special
instructions for the computer to operate.
• Cache memory increases the speed of the
processor by recording and anticipating
instructions.

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 IDE and SATA cables and Sockets
• Short for Integrated Drive Electronics or
IBM Disc Electronics

• IDE is more commonly known as ATA or

Parallel ATA (PATA).

• It is a standard interface for IBM

compatible hard drives and CD or DVD
drives.
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IDE and SATA cables and Sockets
• IDE channels: slots that accept IDE cables
in the motherboard

• There are primary IDE channel  hard

drive, secondary channel CD/DVD
ROM drive and floppy channel  floppy
disc.

• Floppy disc are no longer supported by

modern computers.
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IDE and SATA cables and Sockets
• SATA, short for Serial ATA (which is an abbreviation for Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment), is an IDE standard first released in 2001 for connecting
devices like optical drives and hard drives to the motherboard.

• The term SATA generally refers to the types of cables and connections that follow
this standard.

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Video Cards
• Video cards plug into the
motherboard and are used to display
video in the monitor.
• VRAM is video memory that
enhances the refreshment rate of the
image.
• Video cards have chipsets that can
increase the speed of video display.

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Sound Cards
• Sound card: Connects the speakers and
microphone to the computer.

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Network card and Modem
• Network card: A circuit board that connects
the computer to the rest of the network
usually using special cables.

• The place where the computer is connected

to the phone line.

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Computer Case
• Contains the major components of the
computer.
• It helps protect them.

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Inside the Computer Case
• A computer case, also known as a computer
chassis, tower, system unit, cabinet, base
unit, or simply case.

• It is the enclosure that contains most of the

components of a computer (usually
excluding the display, keyboard and mouse)

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Ports and Peripherals
• Ports are an interface between the computer
and another peripheral device such as a disk
drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor,
camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.
• Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB

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Ports and Peripherals
• Peripherals are devices that plug into a
computer and are not housed internally.
• Examples:
• Scanners, Printers, Barcode Reader, Microphone,
Speakers, Keyboard, Mouse, Cameras
• Scanners: devices that allows pictures to be placed
into a computer.
• Printer: output device that produces a hard
copy on paper. It gives information to the user
in printed form.

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Ports and Peripherals
• Examples continues:
• Scanners, Printers, Barcode Reader, Microphone,
Speakers, Keyboard, Mouse, Cameras
• Barcode Reader: input device that converts a
pattern of printed bars into a number that a
computer can read. They are often used by
businesses to quickly input price and product
information.
• Microphone: Allows the user to record sounds
as input to their computer.

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Ports and Peripherals
• Examples continues:
• Scanners, Printers, Barcode Reader, Microphone,
Speakers , Keyboard, Mouse, Cameras
• Speakers: used to generate or reproduce voice,
music, and other sounds.

• Keyboard: Used to enter information into the computer

and for giving commands.
• Mouse: input device operated by rolling its ball or
moving optical light across a flat surface for control ling
the on-screen pointer by pointing, clicking, double-
clicking, or dragging objects on the screen.
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Touch Pad
• A pressure-sensitive and motion sensitive
device used in place of a mouse.

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LAN and WAN
• LAN: are networks usually in the same
company or building. The Local Area
Network is connected via telephone lines
or radio waves. Most LANs connect
workstations.
• WAN: are systems of LANs that are
connected. (Wide-area network)

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Computer Network Cable
• Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a
single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out
electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for
instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair
(UTP) cables

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 Precautions To Take Before
Servicing Any Computer!

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PRECAUTIONS INTRO
 If you’re going to open up your personal computer case to check some computer hardware
components or clean up the hardware, you must take the precautions listed.
 Computer motherboards and components, such as the sound card, video card, and memory,
contain very delicate Integrated Circuit (IC) chips.
 It’s necessary to protect computers against damage from static electricity.

 A brief explanation of static is its a major contributing factor in the breakdown of computers.
 Eliminating the damage from ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) can save you a lot of money.
 Following Slides contains some things you must remember and precautions to follow whenever
you work on your computer.
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PRECAUTIONS
1. Unplug the power cord to the computer before opening the case to work inside of it. With the cord unplugged you are sure there is no power to

the motherboard.

2. Capacitors can still store electric charges for a short time from the when you turned off the power switch so it’s wise to wait a few minutes after

pulling the plug before working on your PC.

3. A properly grounded wrist strap can be purchased from an electronics store to prevent ESD. Use one of these before touching any components

inside such as
 hard drive,
 video card,
 memory stick, etc.
 If a grounded wrist strap is not available then make sure you touch a grounded object such as a
 metal pipe to discharge any built up static so you don’t “shock” your components.

4. To avoid damage due to static electric discharge, hold circuit boards by the edges and avoid touching the individual components, wires, chips,

or capacitors.

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PRECAUTIONS…
5. If you are going to remove components from the system, connect an anti-static mat or use the bag the component came in to

place them on and prevent static discharge. Also be aware the hard drive is heavy and can easily slip out of your hand and if

dropped may very well not work again.

6. Never ever open items labeled as non-serviceable. Components labeled “Non Serviceable Components Inside” are not a

challenge because opening them up could lead to serious injury. Some parts of your computer just aren’t meant to be repaired. The

power supply is one such item and should be replaced if defective,

 don’t attempt to repair it.

 Remember that you are responsible for protecting yourself from injuries and from causing damage to your computer. A

common incident is loss of stored data due to a hard drive crash.

 These are some simple things to remember that will protect you, your computer and most of all the data stored on your

computer.
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BEST PRACTICE FOR COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
AND REPAIR
• Back up your data.
• Clean dust from your computer.
• Clean up your cabling, and everything else too
• Organize your installation disks
• Run antivirus and spyware scans regularly.
• Clean up your software.
• Clean up your OS
• Update everything
• Defragment
• Read on internet and articles/books about best practice for computer maintenance
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Basic Tools and Equipment’s Used in Computer
Maintenance and repair
No. Tool/Device
1 Hot gun
2 Computer tool kit
3 Solder paste
4 Soldering wire
5 Digital multimeter
6 Benzene/Solvent
7 Thermal compound
8 RAM & processor chip (even rejects)
9 Power supply
10 Blower
11 Antistatic mat
12 Tweezer
13 Soldering wick
14 Screen cleaner
15 Antistatic strip/wrist band
16 Needle nose pliers
17 Wire cutter
18 Magnifier lenses
19 Cordless screw driver
20 Cotton swabs
21 Safety glasses
22 Soft cloth
23 Sash brush
24 Surge protector
25 UPS (Uninterrupted power supply)
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Tools/Devices/Equipments for Maintenance
Tool/Device

Surge protector

Hot gun

Solder paste

Benzene/Solvent

Digital multimeter

Soldering sucker

Soldering station

Soldering iron

Soldering wick

Safety glasses

Magnifier lenses

Tweezer

Cordless screw driver (electrical based)

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 THANK YOU

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 MEET YOU
IN THE
NEXT SESSIONS

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