Lesson 2

Communication
Processes,
Principles, and
Ethics
COM100
Purposive Communication
Learning Outcomes

○ Increase knowledge in communication, its processes and principles

hence become more skillful communicators;
○ Heighten awareness on communication ethics resulting in
conscientious and respectful interactions; and
○ Apply the gained knowledge in communication processes, principles,
and ethics through class exercises that help learners execute expected
communication performances.

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What is Purposive Communication?

Purposive communication is an
intentional communication that happens
within the bounds of specific contexts.

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CONTEXT includes…

○ SETTINGS OR ENVIRONMENT- family, school, workplace,

religious communities
○ SOCIAL RELATIONS – friends, husband and wife, parent and
child, colleagues/boss-subordinate in the office
○ SCENES which include PLACE, TIME, and OCCASION –
business meeting, job interview, social gathering
○ CULTURE – history, tradition, beliefs, norms, values

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CONTEXTS

○ Are vital considerations in our communication acts since they affect the process of sending and receiving of
messages; semantics or meanings, choice of channels, words and methods of delivery.

○ Communication must be suitable to the specific context hence should be intentional and purposive.

• THEREFORE, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION IS A COMMUNICATION

APPLIED IN A SPECIFIC SETTING, ENVIRONMENT SCENE, SOCIAL
RELATIONS, AND CULTURE.

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COMMUNICATION AS A PROCESS

○ Communication is a process whereby people create and

transmit meaning through the exchange of verbal and
nonverbal messages in particular context (Oetzel, 2009).
○ IT IS SOMETHING CONTINOUS… (e.g., an argument that is
extended for several months, an exchange of messages
between officemates, etc.)
○ COMMUNICATION MAY NOT HAVE A DEFINITE END.

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“If you can communicate, you can get by. But if you
communicate skillfully, you can work miracles.”
Jim Rhon

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

○ SENDER
• Highly important being the source of idea
• Expected to possess the skills required in transmitting
messages
• Has the ability to use the language that the receiver
understands
• Use appropriate language

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
○ DELIVERY
• Include good voice projection, use of appropriate eye
contact, proper articulation of words, and emphasis on
important words

• Also include using the appropriate intonation to avoid

misunderstanding or conflict between interlocutors (e.g.
high pitch intonation, overly emphatic tone, etc.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
○ RECEIVER
• Must have good listening skills
• Eliminates all possible distractions or noises (physical,
environmental, psychological, emotional)
• “Good comprehension skills necessitate sharpness of
cognition…”
• Receiver’s prejudice affects one’s receptiveness towards the
message.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
○ MESSAGE
• the C’s in communication must be followed:
• COURTESY
• CLARITY
• CONSICENESS
• CONCRETENESS
• COMPLETENESS

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COURTESY

○ Politeness
○ Means one respects the receiver of the message
○ Tactful and diplomatic
○ “we” attitude
○ Positive words instead of negative
○ Considerate of the feelings of the receiver
○ Selecting gender-free terms
○ Responding promptly to important messages
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CLARITY

○Correct word usage, grammar, pronunciation,

sentence construction and delivery

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CONCISENESS

○Saying what needs to be said in as few words as

possible
○Avoid flowery languages

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CONCRETENESS

○Being specific
○Providing examples whenever necessary

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COMPLETENESS

○Avoid ambiguity
○Do not leave out important details such as answers to
WHAT, WHO, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, and HOW
questions

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THE IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK

○To make the necessary

clarifications and revisions of our
messages

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Q and A:
Is it appropriate to resolve
conflicts using our
communication gadgets even
if offline communication is
possible?

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“Many can argue- not many
can converse.”
A. Bronson Alcot

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Ethics in Communication
○ From the Greek word ethos, means custom, habit, character
or outlook
○ UNIVERSAL APPROACH
• Adhering to the golden rule or the platinum rule
• Considering the feelings of the receiver
• Acknowledging the source of idea & information
• Speaking the truth

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PRACTICE:
What’s the ethical thing to do in the following
situation?
○ Your bestfriend confided to you that he/she is already in a
relationship but wanted you to keep this as a secret since
his/her parents do not allow him/her yet to get involved in a
romantic relationship. One day your bestfriend’s mother
called you up to confirm a rumor about your bestfriend
having a boyfriend/girlfriend. What answer will you give your
bestfriend’s mom? What do you think is the best thing to do?

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○Some of your classmates have spread bad
rumors about one of your close friends. You
are not sure whether the gossip is true or
not. What would you tell your classmates?
How about your close friend?

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○One of your friends is ranting on FB and is trying to
harshly hit on someone he/she happens to dislike a
lot. You wanted to support your friend’s statement by
simply liking the post knowing that this can only be
seen by your group of friends and that you are not
saying anything in addition to your friend's offensive
post. Is it acceptable to “like” the post? Is this a form
of cyber bullying? Explain your answer.

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TASK 1

○Research 1 example on issues in ethics in the context

of cyber communication. How do you think
these issues can be resolved? Prepare a written
output of your response to each issue on a short bond
paper (12 font size, Times New Roman, 2.0 spacing,
one inch on all sides).

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