Oral Communication Module 1 and 2

Lesson 1.1 Nature and Function of Communication

Communication

● The above definitions of communication came from two known scholars.

● The denotative meaning of the word communicate is "to share or exchange
information".
● A good definition should not only give precise meaning but also throw light on the
scope of the word/expression.

● giving, receiving, or exchanging ideas, information, signals, or messages through

an appropriate channel, enabling individuals or groups to persuade, to seek
information, to give information, or to express emotions.
● This broad definition includes body-language, skills of speaking, and writing.
● It outlines the objectives of communication.
● It emphasizes listening as an important aspect of communication.
Features of Communication

1. Communication is a process

a. It is a two-way process.
● Communication is reciprocal between two or more persons–the
sender and the receiver.

b. It is a continuous process.
● Exchange of ideas and opinion among people involved in
communication is an ongoing process.
● This continuous interaction promotes understanding of messages
and exchange of relevant information.

c. It is a dynamic process.
● Communication between the sender and the receiver takes different
forms and mediums depending upon their moods and behavior.
○ Thus, it is a dynamic process that keeps changing in
different situations.

2. Communication occurs between two or more people.

● Since communication involves sender and receiver,

○ two or more people should engage in communication.

● Although this is true, communication can also occur within a single person.

3. Communication can be expressed through words (verbal), actions

(nonverbal), or both at the same time.
Speech Contexts
● speeches that we use depending on the number of people who are involved in the
process

Intrapersonal
● It takes place within a single person.
● Its purpose is to clarify ideas or analyze a situation.
○ Problem Solving
● Or to reflect upon or appreciate something.

INternal Discourse
● It involves concentration & analyzation
○ Nasa loob mo lang ung thoughts mo ganun

Solo Vocal Communication

● Speaking loudly while being alone. This is done to clarify thinking on your own,
Or simply to let off steam.
○ Speaking loudly pero ikaw lang magisa

Solo Written Communication

● Writing not for the sake of sharing but for the owner to read it.
○ Writing essaysz

INterpersonal
● A type of communication where two or more people are provided with the means
of interaction with one another.
● It can be direct or mediated.
● It can be categorized based on the number of participants or its function.

Direct INterpersonal Communication

● Involves a direct face-to-face relationship between the sender and
receiver of a message, who are in an interdependent relationship.

Dyadic Communication
● Involves two people

Group Communication
● At least it needs 3 or more people. Its main purpose is to solve problems, or
Decision-making.
Public Communication
● Involves a large group with primarily one-way monologue style generating only
minimal feedback. Information sharing, entertainment and persuasion are
common purposes of public communication.

Mediated Interpersonal Communication

● Dyadic communication includes two people, with some of the elements of
interpersonal communication, but the context is not face-to-face.
● Group communication includes a small group of people.
● Using technology
● Response ng audience may be delayed

Mass Communication
● Is a more public form of communication between an entity and a large and
diverse audience, mediated by some form of technology.
● This may be either real time or on a taped delay basis, or it may be rooted in the
usually recent past.
● balita

Speech Styles

Intimate Speech Styles

● This style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or intimate
individuals. The language used in this style may not be shared in public.
● Nicknames sa loob ng family

Casual Speech Styles

● This style is common among peers and friends. Jargon, slang, street language,
gay language or vulgar words are used.
● Doctor-to-Doctor, Student-to-Student

Consultative Speech Style

● A standard style, Professional or mutually understandable language is a must for
this one.
● Language that all can understand.

Formal Speech Style

● This style is used in a formal setting. This style is one way.
 ● Pagsososna ng president.

Frozen Speech Style

● In time and it remains unchanged.
● Reciting lupang hinirang and panatang makabayan
● Prayer
● Understandable language

Speech Acts
● It is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect.
○ Why do want to speak up
○ What is the meaning of what you are saying

Locutionary
● Act of speaking
● Anong sagot mo sa number 5?

Illocutionary
● What is the meaning of what you have said?
● Asking a question or Intention to cheat
Perlocutionary
● What was the effect of you have said to the person listening to you
● Will provide answer/Will let you cheat

Locu: Do you have what it takes to be ANTM?

Perl: I'll be Fierce!

Performatives
● These are utterances said by the right person under the right circumstances
that result in a change in the world.
● Wedding
● Binyag
Classifications of speech acts

Assertive
● The speaker expresses beliefs about what he/she believes as the truth
○ Suggesting
○ Putting Forward
○ Swearing
○ Boasting
○ Concluding

Directive
● The speaker tries to make the listener perform an action.
○ Asking
○ Ordering
○ Requestion
○ Inviting
○ Advising
○ Begging

Commisive
● The speaker commits to doing something in the future.
○ Promising
○ Planning
○ Vowing
○ Betting

Expressive
● The speaker expresses his emotional reaction or feelings.
 ○ Thinking
○ Apologizing
○ Welcoming
○ Deploring

Declaration
● The speaker brings change in the external situation of someone.
○ Blessing
○ Firing
○ Baptizing
○ Bidding
○ Passing a Sentence
○ Excommunicating