COMMUNICATION

- PRESENTATION
 Content

PART 1 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS PART 2 – PRESENTATION SKILLS

 Definition  Definition
 Importance  Importance
 Types  Types
 Two-way nature  Barriers
 Active listening  Structure
 Barriers

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 1.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
How to be a good communicator

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 Definition of communication skills

◆ Communication skills are defined as the skills that:

◆ help us speak, listen, observe and empathize with others
◆ by using verbal and non-verbal communication
◆ in an effective manner.

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 Importance of communication skills

Personal
life

Communication
skills

Professional Social
life life
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 Importance of communication

◆ Communication skills in Marketing

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 Importance of communication

◆ Communication skills in Accounting

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 Types of communication

◆ Verbal communication skills include the way you use written or

spoken words.
◆ Non-verbal communication skills refers to your body language,
facial expressions sorts of nonverbal signals.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

Space or Time or
Body language Paralanguage
Proxemics Chronemics

Physical
Characteristic Touch Artifacts Environment
s

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Body language
◆ Body language is the way people situate their body naturally
depending on the situation, the environment and how they are
feeling.
◆ Different forms of body language include gestures, eye contact,
posture and facial expressions.
◆ Numerous gestures are possible, and each gesture conveys
something different.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Body language

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Space or Proxemics
◆ The amount of space that exists between yourself and others
communicates your comfort level, the importance of the
conversation, your desire to support or connect with others, and the
relative degree of power you hold.
◆ Space can be categorized into intimate, personal, social, and public.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Space or Proxemics

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Paralanguage
◆ Paralanguage includes the non-language elements of speech, such
as your talking speed, pitch, intonation, volume and more.
◆ “the meaning is in the person not in the words”
◆ Becoming an effective speaker involves understanding how to
maximize and manage the specific qualities of your voice to clearly
articulate your words and ideas.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Time or Chronemics
◆ How long it takes to complete an action, how punctual a person is,
how long someone will listen or wait for a reply communicates
their relative importance.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Physical Characteristics
◆ The way we look affects the way we feel and how others perceive
us.
◆ Research shows that we tend to think more positively of people
deemed attractive.
◆ Take care that you are communicating the message you desire by
cultivating your professional attire and look.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Touch
◆ Touch is the most powerful form of nonverbal communication.
◆ Research shows that intimate contact is critical to the understanding
of our own humanity.
◆ Over the last few years, the understanding of what is considered
appropriate touching in the work environment is changing.
◆ Thus, although touch is of paramount importance, if inappropriate,
it also carries the potential for the most problems.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Artifacts
◆ Artifacts are forms of decorative ornamentation that are chosen to
represent self-concept.
◆ They can include rings and tattoos, but may also include clothes,
cars, watches, briefcases, purses, and even eyeglasses.
◆ Artifacts may project gender, role or position, class or status,
personality, and group membership or affiliation.
◆ Paying attention to a customer’s artifacts may allow you to more
accurately adapt your message to meet their needs.

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 Types of communication

Types of Non-verbal Communication

◆ Environment
◆ Environment involves the physical and psychological aspects of the
communication context.
◆ More than the tables and chairs in an office, the environment is an
important part of the dynamic communication process.
◆ The perception of one’s environment influences one’s reaction to it.

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 Two-way nature of communication

◆ Communication is a two-way process.

◆ It involves both the sending and receiving of information.
◆ It requires both speaking and listening.
◆ It aims to develop a shared understanding of the
information being transmitted and received.

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 Two-way nature of communication

◆ Communication is an ACTIVE process.

◆ Sender of information
◇ Start the communication process
◇ Ask questions to check your listeners’ understanding
◇ Listen to the listeners’ replies
◇ Clarify further
◆ Recipient of information
◇ Listen carefully to the information
◇ Check that you have understood by reflecting back
◇ Ask questions to ensure that you both have the same understanding of
the situation.
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 Two-way nature of communication

◆ Johari window model

◆ A method of conveying and accepting feedback.
◆ Used to improve self-awareness and enhance communication between the
members in a group.

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 Two-way nature of communication

◆ Johari window model

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 Active listening

◆ Active listening is when you are fully aware and concentrate on

what is being said rather than passively hearing what the speaker
is trying to convey.
◆ The goal of active listening is to acquire information, listen to
understand people and situations before responding to it.
◆ It is the conscious decision to listen carefully and understand
what people are trying to convey without being judgmental.

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 Active listening

◆ People spend between 70%-80% of their day engaged in some

form of communication, and about 55% of their time is devoted
to listening.

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 Active listening

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

Language Physical Psychological

Physiological Attitudinal Cultural

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Language barrier
◆ Language is considered as the most crucial barrier in cross-cultural
communication.
◆ Since verbal communication is important in every context, the
understandings of the meaning of words are also important.
◆ The language barrier occurs not only because of differences in
language but also in the forms of a variety of dialects.
◆ If one communicator is not aware of the exact meaning, it will
create misunderstanding and lead to a conflict of ideas.

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Physical barrier
◆ Communication is usually easier over shorter distances as more
communication channels are obtainable, and less technology is
obligatory.
◆ Example: social distancing, remote work, deskless nature of work,
closed office doors
◆ Although modern technology often serves to decrease the crash of
physical barriers, the advantages and disadvantages of each
communication channel should be unspoken so that a suitable
channel can be used to overcome the physical barriers.

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Psychological barrier
◆ The psychological condition of the receiver will power how the message is
received.
◆ Stress management is a significant personal skill that affects our
interpersonal relationships.
◆ Example:
◇ Anger is a psychological barrier to communication. When we are
angry, it is simple to say things that we may afterwards regret and also
to misunderstand what others are saying.
◇ People with low self-esteem may be less self-assured and therefore
may not feel comfortable communicating.

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Physiological barrier
◆ Physiological barriers may affect the receiver’s physical condition.
◆ Example: a receiver with condensed hearing may not grab the sum
of a spoken conversation, especially if there is significant
surroundings noise.

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Attitudinal barrier
◆ Attitudinal barriers are perceptions that stop people from
communicating well.
◆ Attitudinal barriers to communication may effect from poor
management, personality conflicts, and battle to change, or a lack of
motivation.
◆ Active receivers of messages should challenge to overcome their
attitudinal barriers to assist effective communication.

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Cultural barrier
◆ Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people,
encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
◆ Culture: A set of shared beliefs, values, goals, practices, and traditions for a given
group.
◆ People who live in various cultures and historical epochs communicate differently and
have different patterns of thought.
◆ A Cultural barrier in communication occurs mainly when communication happens
between two different cultural backgrounds.
◆ In the age of globalization and digital media, the whole world is performing and
participating on one platform.

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 Barriers to Effective Communication

◆ Cultural barrier
◆ Western versus Eastern culture
◇ Punctuality

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 2.
PRESENTATION SKILLS
How to give an impressive presentation

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 Definition of presentation skills

◆ Presentation
◆ A formal talk that ‘present’ ideas or information to one or more
people in a clear and structured way.
◆ Presentation skills
◆ Presentation skills are the abilities one needs in order to deliver
compelling, engaging, informative, transformative, educational,
enlightening, and/or instructive presentations.
◆ Central to effective presentation skills are public speaking, tone of
voice, body language, creativity, and delivery.

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 Types of presentations

Persuasive Instructive

Informative Inspirational

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 Types of presentations

◆ Persuasive presentations
◆ Many presentations hope to sell something or persuade the audience to take
certain actions.
◆ Persuasive presentations often present a problem and explain their solution
using data.
◆ Persuasive presentations are those given to arouse the audience to make the
decision which the presenter hopes for.
◆ Example:
◇ Business pitches: a startup founder delivering a presentation to
investors in the hopes of getting investment.
◇ Sales proposals: a salesperson pitching a product to customers.

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 Types of presentations

◆ Informative presentations
◆ An informative presentation is educational, concise, and to the
point.
◆ While other presentations may entertain or inspire, the main goal of
an informative presentation is to share information.
◆ Informative presentations give information about a new procedure,
benefit, etc.
◆ Example:
◇ a company HR presentation where the manager gives
information about the new bonus requirements.

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 Types of presentations

◆ Instructive presentations
◆ A presentation that teaches something is similar to an informative
presentation, but it goes beyond sharing facts.
◆ It also instructs the audience on a specific topic.
◆ People attend or view an instructive presentation with the intention
to learn, and they leave with a better understanding of the topic of
the presentation.
◆ Example:
◇ an HR manager holding an onboarding presentation to instruct
new employees on the rules of the company.

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 Types of presentations

◆ Inspirational presentations
◆ Inspirational presentations are similar to persuasive presentations,
but here the speaker aims to boost morale or increase brand pride.
◆ Example:
◇ TED Talks

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 Barriers to presentation

Fear and Lack of Lack of Lack of

anxiety relevance enthusiasm experience

Lack of Lack of Information Overuse

preparation eye contact overload gestures

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 Barriers to presentation skills

◆ Fear and anxiety (presentation nerves)

Shaky
Dry throat voice
Queasy stomach

Leg
shaking Sweaty palms

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 Factors of a successful presentation

People

Preparation
Successful Idea
preparation

Passion

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 Structure of a presentation

Greetings
and self- Introductio Thanks
Main body Conclusion
introductio n and Q&A
n

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Greetings and self-introduction

◆ Before you start delivering your talk, introduce yourself to the
audience and clarify who you are and your relevant expertise.
◆ This does not need to be long or incredibly detailed, but will help
build an immediate relationship between you and the audience.
◆ It gives you the chance to briefly clarify your expertise and why
you are worth listening to.
◆ This will help establish your ethos so the audience will trust you
more and think you're credible.

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Introduction
◆ Explain the subject and purpose of your presentation whilst gaining
the audience's interest and confidence.
◆ The main aim of the introduction is to grab the audience's attention
and connect with them.
◆ The way you structure your introduction can depend on the amount
of time you have been given to present.

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Introduction
1. Introduce your general topic.
2. Explain your topic area.
3. State the issues/challenges in this area you will be exploring.
4. State your presentation's purpose.
5. Provide a statement of what you're hoping the outcome of the presentation
will be.
6. Show a preview of the organisation of your presentation

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Main body
 The main body of your talk needs to meet the promises you made in the
introduction.
 It's important for everything to be organized logically for the audience to
fully understand.
 There are many different ways to organize your main points, such as, by
priority, theme, chronologically etc.

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Main body
 Notes
 Main points should be addressed one by one with supporting evidence
and examples.
 Before moving on to the next point you should provide a mini-
summary.
 Links should be clearly stated between ideas and you must make it
clear when you're moving onto the next point.
 Allow time for people to take relevant notes and stick to the topics you
have prepared beforehand rather than straying too far off topic.

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Conclusion
 Regardless of what that goal is, be sure to summarize your main points and
their implications.
 This clarifies the overall purpose of your talk and reinforces your reason for
being there.

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Conclusion
 Follow these steps:
 Signal that it's nearly the end of your presentation.
 Restate the topic and purpose of your presentation.
 Summarize the main points, including their implications and
conclusions.
 Indicate what is next/a call to action/a thought-provoking takeaway.
 Move on to the last section.

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 Structure of a presentation

◆ Thanks and Q&A

 Conclude your talk by thanking the audience for their time.
 Invite them to ask any questions they may have.

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 Tips for effective presentations

Show your passion Keep it simple:

Focus on your
and connect with concentrate on
audience’s needs
your audience your core message

Smile and make

eye contact with Start strongly Tell stories
your audience

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 S.T.A.R moment

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 S.T.A.R moment

◆ Shocking statistics
◆ If statistics are shocking, don’t gloss over them; draw attention to
them.
◆ Steve Jobs, Macworld 2008:
◇ ‘I’m extraordinarily pleased that we have sold four million
iPhones to date’
◇ ‘If you divide four million by two hundred days, that’s twenty
thousand iPhones every day on average’

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 S.T.A.R moment

◆ Evocative visuals
◆ A picture really is worth a thousand words — and a thousand
emotions.
◆ A compelling image can become an unforgettable emotional link to
your information.

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 S.T.A.R moment

◆ Repeatable soundbites
◆ Small, repeatable sound bites help feed the press with headlines,
populate and energize social media channels with insights, and give
employees a rallying cry.
◆ Example:
◇ “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of
wisdom, it was the age of foolishness...” - Charles Dickens, A Tale of
Two Cities
◇ “We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed,
but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not
destroyed...” - Apostle Paul to the Corinthians
◇ “...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people
shall not perish from the earth.” - Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg
Address
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 S.T.A.R moment

◆ Emotive storytelling
◆ Stories package information in a way that people remember.
◆ Attaching a great story to the big idea makes it easily repeatable
beyond the presentation.

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 Delivering a presentation

◆ https://www.niu.edu/presentations/deliver/index.shtml

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 Handling questions

1. Tell the audience in advance when you will be taking questions.

2. Anticipate questions in advance.
3. Realize that questions are a good thing.
4. Make eye contact with the questioner.
5. Always take a brief pause before launching into your answer.
6. Be sure that you understand the question they are asking or point that they’re making.
7. Acknowledge how valuable the question they’re asking is.
8. Always keep your cool.
9. Be honest if you don’t know the answer.
10. Answer in sections if the question is a long one.
11. Check-in with the questioner after you have given your response

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 3.
SLIDESHOW
PRESENTATION SKILLS

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 Tips for effective slideshows

1. Keep it short and to the point

2. Choose the right font
3. Size matters
4. Contrast
5. Relevance and quality are key
6. Visualize data
7. Simplify tables
8. Minimize the variety of transitions
9. Solely use basic colouring

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Keep it short and to the point

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Choose the right font

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Contrast

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Relevance and quality are key

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Size matters

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Visualize data

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Simplify tables

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Minimize the variety of transitions

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 Tips for effective slideshows

 Solely use basic colouring

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 Thanks!

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