Deflection of Beam-Determinate Beam

Double integration method

Lec.#12
Deflection
Is limited in order to provide
 integrity and stability of a structure or machine, and prevent

the cracking of any attached brittle materials such as

concrete or glass.
 code restrictions often require these members not vibrate or

deflect severely in order to safely support their intended

loading
 Most important, though, deflections at specific points on a

beam or shaft must be determined if one is to analyze those

that are statically indeterminate.
Deflection

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

Elastic Curve

The deflection curve of the longitudinal axis that

passes through the centroid of each cross-sectional
area of a beam is called the elastic curve.
Elastic Curve
Elastic Curve
Moment Curvature Relationship
Moment Curvature Relationship

1 𝜀
=
𝜌 𝑦
Moment Curvature Relationship
If the material is homogeneous
Hooke’s law applies
𝜎
𝜀=
𝐸

𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎;
𝑀𝑦
𝜎 =−
𝐼
 Moment Curvature Relationship
Combined the equations

𝜀=
𝜎 𝑀𝑦 1 𝜀
𝐸 𝜎 =− =
𝐼 𝜌 𝑦

1 𝑀
=
𝜌 𝐸𝐼
 Moment Curvature Relationship
1 𝑀 𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒
=
𝜌 𝐸𝐼
M =the internal moment at the point
𝐸=𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

The product EI in this equation is referred to as the flexural rigidity,

and it is always a positive quantity.
 Slope and Displacement by Integration
The equation of the elastic curve for a beam
𝑦= 𝑓 (𝑥)

2 2
1 𝑑 𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥
=
𝜌 2 3/ 2
[ 1+ ( 𝑑𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥 ) ]

𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒
2 2
1 𝑀 𝑀
=
𝑑 𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥
= 𝐸𝐼 2 3/ 2
[ 1+ ( 𝑑𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥 ) ]
𝜌 𝐸𝐼
 Slope and Displacement by Integration
2 2
𝑀 𝑑 𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥
=
𝐸𝐼 2 3/ 2
[ 1+ ( 𝑑𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥 ) ]
This equation represents a nonlinear second-order differential equation.
Its solution, which is called the elastica, gives the exact shape of the elastic curve,

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑦 /𝑑𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙

2
( 𝑑𝑦 / 𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑀
= , 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
𝑑𝑥 2
𝐸𝐼
Double Integration of the differential equation
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑀
= ,
𝑑𝑥 2
𝐸𝐼

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 ; y =f (x )

𝐸𝐼𝑦=∬ 𝑀𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑥+𝐶1 𝑥+𝐶2

where C1 and C2 are constants of integration to be determined from the prescribed
constraints (for example, the boundary conditions) on the deformation of the beam
possible to write this equation in two alternative
forms.
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑀
=
𝑑𝑥
2
𝐸𝐼

( )
2
𝑑𝑀 𝑑 𝑑 𝑦
𝑉= 𝐸𝐼 =𝑉 ( 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑑𝑉
( )
2 2
𝑤= 𝑑 𝑑 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
𝐸𝐼 2
=𝑤( 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Summary
Sign Convention and Coordinates.
 Continuity Conditions at the junction between
segments:

 The deflection for the left-hand segment must

equal the deflection for the right-hand
segment, and
 The slope for the left-hand segment must equal
the slope for the right-hand segment.
Boundary Conditions.
Boundary Conditions.
 Problem#1
The simply supported wood beam ABC in Fig. (a) has the rectangular cross section
shown. The beam supports a concentrated load of 300 N located 2 m from the left
support. Determine the maximum displacement and the maximum slope angle of the
beam. Use E =12 GPa for the modulus of elasticity. Neglect the weight of the beam.
 Problem#2
The cantilever beam ABC in Fig. (a) consists of two segments with different moments
of inertia: I0 for segment AB and 2I0 for segment BC. Segment AB carries a uniformly
distributed load of intensity 200 lb/ft. Using E =10 x106 psi and I0 = 40 in.4, determine
the maximum displacement of the beam.
Deflection of Beam-Determinate Beam
Superposition Method
 The two requirements for linear response
Method of Superpositon are;
• The method of superposition, a  (1) the material must obey Hooke’s law;

popular method for finding and

slopes and deflections, is based
 (2) the deformations must be suffciently
on the principle of
superposition: small so that their effect on the geometry
• If the response of a structure is is negligible
linear, then the effect of several
loads acting simultaneously can
be obtained by superimposing
(adding) the effects of the
individual loads.
Problem#3
Compute the value of EI at the left end (free end) of the cantilever beam.
Problem#4
Calculate the value of EI at the right support of the overhanging beam.
Problem sets#7: Deflection-by double integration
Solve the following:
Problems # 6.1, 6.2, 6.3,6.6,

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Pytel and Kiusalaas