HYPOTHESIS

INTRODUCTION
STATISTICAL Hypothesis
- It is decision - making process for
evaluating claims about a population.

- It is basically testing an assumption that

we can make about a population

- Is an assumption or conjecture about a

population parameter which may or not be
true.
- A statement about the numerical value of a
population parameter
 TYPES OF
HYPOTHESIS
NULL HYPOTHESIS
- It is denoted by Ho
- Initial claim
- It shows no significant difference, no changes,
nothing happen, no relationship between two
parameter.
- Independent
 TYPES OF
HYPOTHESIS
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
- It is denoted by Ha
- Contrary to the null hypothesis
- It shows there is significant difference, an
effect, change, relationship between parameter
and specific value.
- Independent variable has an effect to the
dependent variable.
 NULL
= equal to, the same as, not changed from, is

ALTERNATIVE
(≠) not equal, different from, changed from, not the same as
> greater than, above, higher than, longer than, increased,
at most
< less than, below, lower than, smaller than, decreased or
reduced from, at least
 EXAMPLES 1
The average monthly income of Filipino families who belong to
CLAIM low income bracket is ₱ 7,500

The average monthly income of Filipino families who belong to

HO lowincome bracket is ₱ 7,500 (µ = 7,500)

The average monthly income of Filipino families who belong to

Ha lowincome bracket is not equal to ₱ 7,500 (µ ≠ 7,500)
 EXAMPLES 2
The average number of hours that a person who develop a
CLAIM COVID19 symptom improve without treatment is more than 2
weeks.

The average number of hours that a person who develop a

HO COVID19 symptom improve without treatment is 2 weeks. (µ = 2)

The average number of hours that a person who develop a

Ha COVID19 symptom improve without treatment is more than 2
weeks. (µ > 2)
 EXAMPLES 3
The average number of hours that side effects of COVID-19
CLAIM vaccines last is less than 48 hours.

The average number of hours that side effects of COVID-19

HO vaccines last is 48 hours. (µ = 48)

The average number of hours that side effects of COVID-19

Ha vaccines last is less than 48 hours. (µ < 48)
 EXAMPLES 4
No more than 60% of the registered voters in Bataan voted in the
CLAIM local election

No more than 60% of the registered voters in Bataan voted in the

HO local election. (µ ≤ 60)

More than 60% of the registered voters in Bataan voted in the

Ha local election. (µ > 60)
 Quiz 1
State the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypothesis in symbols and sentence.

1. The average number of vehicles passing through SCTEX daily is less than or
equal to 19,500.
2. In 2015, it was recorded that around 34% of the population in 2015 were
not married. A researcher surveyed a random sample of 500 couples. He
found out that 18% of them were living together but unmarried. Test 5%
significance level if the current percentage of unmarried couples is different
from 34%
3. One of the undersecretaries of the Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE) claims that the average salary of a civil engineer is Php 37,600. A
sample 19 civil engineers’ salary has a mean of Php 37,000 and a standard
deviation of Php 1,230. Is there enough evidence to reject the
undersecretary’s claim at α = 0.01?
4. The average daily number of customers in a convenience store is greater
than 950.
5. The mean content of citric acid in a bottle of juice drinks is greater than 2
ml.
THANK YOU CLASS!