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NEBOSH

WEEK 2 – ELEMENT 1

Movement of People
and Vehicles
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Movement of People

a) Falls on the level

b) Falls from height

Falls on the level: HSE 2003/2004

Fatalities 4
Major injuries 11,269 (37%)
Over 3 days 30,767 (24%)

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NEBOSH

Slips and Trips: Major Injuries

Slipped on wet surface 2109

Slipped on dry surface 530
Tripped over obstruction 2,098
Tripped over uneven floor surface 955
Slipped, tripped or fell not above 4,435
Slipped, tripped or fell unknown 885

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Factors contributing to
slips, trips and falls
The floor surface: Slippery surface, holes,
uneven surface etc.
Contamination: Spillages, Leaks
Obstructions: Rubbish, trailing cables, rugs etc.
The Task: Carrying loads, space to work
Environment: Lighting
Footwear: Unsuitable footwear
The People: Unaware of the dangers
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NEBOSH

Slips and Trips Precautions

 Designated walkways where possible
 Ensure walkways are level
 Ensure walkways are non slip
 Well lit and clearly marked walkways
 Procedures to identify problems quickly
 Eliminate need to carry loads
 Make employees aware of the hazards

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NEBOSH
Employee Precautions to Avoid Slips

 Follow designated walking routes

 Wear appropriate footwear
 Avoid walking on uneven surfaces
 Avoid areas where spillages have occurred
 Avoid poorly lit areas
 Report any problems immediately

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NEBOSH

Causes of Slips etc. on Stairs

 Inadequate design: (dimensions, treads, no handrails)
 Poor housekeeping (Obstructions, trailing cables
 Poor lighting
 Slippery surfaces (Oil, Water, Ice) or unsuitable footwear
 Damaged flooring or coverings
 Manual handling/rushing

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NEBOSH

Action to prevent slips etc. on stairs:

 Adequate width of walkway/stairs & handrails fitted
 Remove obstructions/trailing cables
 Improve lighting levels and install emergency lighting
 Non slip surfaces/spillage procedures/covered stairs
 Maintenance /repair and report defects
 Use lifts for loads/site rules

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Falls from Height

HSE: 2004/2005
53% fatalities
4,235 Major injuries
4,604 over 3 day injuries

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Fatality Falls by Activity

Activity Fatalities Major
Injuries
Roof 13 134
Ladder 10 1,180
Vehicles/Plant 10 805
Scaffolding 8 236
Conveying/Lifting Storage 3 268
Stairs/Steps 7 177
Others 2 983
Totals 53 3,783
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NEBOSH

Working at Height

a) All work at height is properly planned & organised

b) Those involved in work at height are competent
c) Work at height is risk assessed and appropriate
work equipment is selected
d) Risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlled
e) Equipment is properly inspected and maintained

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NEBOSH

Working at Height Hierarchy

a) Avoid working at height wherever possible

b) Use work equipment or other measures to prevent

falls where working at height cannot be avoided

c) Where the risk of falls cannot be eliminated use work

equipment or other measures to minimise the
distance and consequences of a fall should one occur

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NEBOSH

Safety of Pedestrians
In addition to slips trips and falls pedestrians are also
vulnerable to hazards that can cause injury to them:

a)Struck by moving or flying objects

b)Striking against fixed or stationary objects
c)Housekeeping issues

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NEBOSH

Housekeeping
Hazards Precautions
• Someone could trip or fall • Identify housekeeping
• Increased risk of fire requirements
• Fire exits could be blocked • Responsibilities for
• There is a risk of infection housekeeping
• Chemicals are being used • Resources for good
• Infestation (that allows housekeeping
breeding of rats,
cockroaches, etc ) • Train staff in use of
• Vehicle Collisions equipment
• Falling materials • Regular inspections

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NEBOSH

CONTROL MEASURES FOR

PEDESTRIAN HAZARDS
1) The floor surface
2) Contamination
3) Obstructions
4) The task
5) Environment
6) Footwear
7) The People
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NEBOSH

Workplace Transport Accidents

Employees Self Members
Employed of public
Fatalities 44 16 10
Major injuries 1,782 68 171
Over 3 Days 3,455 27

Majority involve:
People/Vehicle collision
Collisions with other vehicles
Falling from vehicles
Being struck by insecure loads
Vehicles overturning
Associated activities, battery charging © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
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NEBOSH

Site Vehicles
 Suitable for the task
 Suitable for the environment
 Provided with warning aids
 Protection from falling materials
 Checked daily
 Properly maintained

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NEBOSH
PRECAUTIONS WHEN ORGANISING TRAFFIC ROUTES
 Segregation if possible
 Separate routes
 High visibility clothing
 Clearly marked/signed routes
 Gangways suitable width and clearance
 Speed limits
 Adequate lighting
 Clear direction signs and door marking
 Sharp bends avoided
 Good floor conditions/gentle gradients
 Sufficient parking
 Avoid reversing
 Alerting people to hazard © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
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NEBOSH

Precautions when Pedestrians working in

areas where vehicles are moving
 Segregation of vehicles and pedestrians
 Appropriate road markings
 Maintaining good visibility (Mirrors, lighting etc.)
 Audible warning on vehicles
 Drawing up and enforcement of site rules
 Provision of refuges
 Wearing of High visibility clothing
 Good standard of housekeeping
 Training and supervision

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NEBOSH
Reversing of Vehicles
AVOID REVERSING IF MUST REVERSE
One-way systems Separation
Drive through systems Suitable design
Turning circles Audible alarms
Mirrors
Adequate lighting
Banksmen
High visibility clothing
Site rules/training

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Driver Selection
 Reliable and Mature
 Pre-employment medical
 Physically fit
 Routine medicals
 Licensed
 Trained and competent
 Supervised and monitored
 Given refresher training

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Training Programme for Vehicle

Drivers in Workplace
Should include:

 Personal responsibilities
 Safe working load estimation
 Pre-use vehicle inspection
 Suitable maintenance
 Safe parking and security
 Speed restrictions
 Safety rules and signs
 Floor conditions
 Vehicle reversing
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NEBOSH

Vehicle Fuels - HAZARDS

Battery Petrol and diesel LPG

PETROL, DIESEL , LPG HAZARDS

Flammable/harmful liquid has to be properly stored

Flames or sparks from air inlet or exhaust systems
Exhaust fumes including carbon monoxide
Surface temperature of exhaust system/hot surfaces
Noise
Also manual handling of LPG cylinders © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
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NEBOSH
Battery Charging
Hazards
• Give off hydrogen gas
• Electrical short circuits
• Corrosive effect of acids
• Manual handling
Precautions
• Ensure good ventilation
• No sources of ignition/smoking
• Suitable PPE
• Insulated tools
• Lifting equipment

Remember: Electrical powered vehicles are quiet

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NEBOSH
Visiting Vehicles
 Drivers aware of works rules
 Safe systems of work
 Good storage area design

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NEBOSH
Long Distance
Delivering Vehicles
The Job Duration of journey, road condition,
Means of Communication, security

The Driver Physical and psychological (mental )

capabilities, level of training

The Vehicle Suitable for the load, design and layout

of cab, maintenance

The Load Properly labelled if hazardous, Spillage

procedures, weight, value

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NEBOSH

Fork Trucks and Dumpers

Counterbalance Rough Terrain Telescopic

Industrial Reach Pedestrian Compact Dumper

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Fork Lift Truck Attachments (1)

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Fork Lift Truck Attachments (2)

Rotator and Paper Reel

clamp clamp

Drum clamp
attachment

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Fork Lift Truck Attachments (3)

Self dumping hopper

Boom

Crane Jib
attachment
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NEBOSH

Fork Lift Truck Mounted

Working Platform
• Small as possible
• Not to carry more than 2 people
• Edge protection
• Locked gate
• Guard to protect against
moving parts
• Safety harness and fitting points

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Reasons why fork lift trucks overturn

• Travelling on gradients too steep

• Travelling forwards when
descending slopes
• Being overloaded, unevenly
loaded or carrying unstable loads
• Travelling on soft/uneven ground
• Travelling over slippery surfaces
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Reasons why fork lift trucks overturn

• Travelling too fast especially
around corners
• Travelling over kerbs, steps etc.
• Poor maintenance of truck/roads

• Poor driving/driver training

• Not suitable for the task
• Carrying loads at dangerous
heights
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NEBOSH

Hazards to Drivers
1) Fumes (diesel/petrol)
2) Fire/explosion
3) Collisions with building
4) Manual handling
5) Falling objects
6) Noise
7) Vibration
8) Ergonomics
9) Electrical hazards
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NEBOSH

Pre-use Check on Fork

Lift Trucks
 Condition and pressure of tyres
 Functioning of lights, horns, brakes
 Warning devices working
 Suitable mirrors
 Engine for oil leaks
 Water leaks
 Seat securely fixed/suitable restraints
 Damage to bodywork/lifting mechanisms
 Security of equipment fitted i.e. LPG tank
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Parking of Fork Lift Trucks

 Designated parking area
 Applying brakes
 Controls in neutral position
 Switch off engine
 Removing key & returning to
responsible person
 Forks resting on floor
 Mast tilted slightly forward
 Not obstructing walkways
 Not obstructing fire exits/fire points
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NEBOSH

Examination of Fork Lift Trucks

Fork lift trucks should be inspected:
 Before its first use
 Daily by the driver
 12 monthly intervals (6 months if
carrying persons) by a competent
person
 Complying with schedule
 Circumstances that may
compromise safety of the truck:

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NEBOSH

Fork Lift Trucks

Summary of Hazards
Overturning
Overloading
Loss of load
Collisions
Machine failure
Falling from loading bays
Explosions and fire
Exhaust fume emission
Passengers
Inappropriate parking
Manual handling
Vibration/noise
Silent running
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008