MAULANA AZAD

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY

BHOPAL(M.P)
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

QUANTUM DOTS DISPLAY

Presented by-NITIN PALIWAL

Scholar No. 222105001

 • Quantum dots
• Introduction
• Time line
• What is Quantum dots

OUTLINE
• Application of Quantum dots
• Applications of Quantum dots in display
• Display timeline
• Types of Display
• Cathode Ray tube (CRT)
• Liquid crystal display (LCD)
• Light emitting diodes (LED)
• QLED Display
 TIMELINE
1986- The term quantum
dot was coined.

1981- They were first

synthesized in glass matrix
by Alexey Ekimov

1983-Colloidal suspension
by Louis Brus.

1982-They were first

theorized by Alexander
Efros
QUANTUM DOTS
WHAT IS QUANTUM DOTS

• Quantum dots are semiconductor Nano crystals.

• They are made of the same materials as ordinary
semiconductors (mainly combinations of transition metals
and /or metalloids).
• Unlike ordinary bulk semiconductors, which are generally
macroscopic objects, quantum dots are extremely small, on
the order of few nanometres. They are very nearly zero-
 1D
(Quantu
m wire)

2D
(Quantu
m well) Particle Application

0D
(Quantu
m dots)
 Practical Applications
• Quantum Well(2D)- a potential well that
confines particles in one dimension,
forcing them to occupy a planar region
• Quantum Wire(1D)- an electrically
conducting wire, in which quantum
transport effects are important
• Quantum Dots(0D)- a semiconductor
crystal that confines electron holes, or
electron- pairs to zero dimensions.
1897 Cathode Ray Tube(CRT)

1964
Liquid-crystal display
(LCD)

1977 Light-Emitting Diode(LED)

Cathode ray tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)
LCD working
 ADVANTAGES OF LCD

• The liquid crystal has a unique advantage of having low power consumption than the LED or cathode ray
tube.
• Technology can be used in varieties of display devices: TV, Video Cameras, Smartphones, Thermometers
etc.
• Provides excellent contrast
• LCD’s are thinner and lighter when compared to cathode ray tube
• Normal Life span : 50,000 100, 000 hours
 DISADVANTAGES OF LCD

• After a while the LCD display the some of the pixels will die(dead pixels ) and you may see
a discolored spot on a black spot on the display.
• The cost of a LCD is considerably at a high price.
• The LCD display will have slow response times. The LCD display has a fixed resolution
display and cannot be changed.
• The viewing angle of a LCD display is very limited.
 Light Emitting Diodes(LED)

Full array: LED’S are distributed Edge lit: LEDs are placed at the Direct lit: LEDs are directly
evenly behind the entire screen. peripheral of the screen. behind the screen.
 LIGHT EMITTING DIODES(LEDS)

• Emissive display technology which is like an LCD screen, but instead of having a normal
CCFL backlight, it uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a source of light behind the screen.
• Some available in market uses same liquid crystal to form pixels with LED as backlight.
• Some didn’t have an LCD panel but instead have 3 small colored LEDs per pixel with
backlight.
• An LED is more energy efficient and a lot smaller than a CCFL, enabling a thinner
television screen.
 1.Improved viewing angle than LCDs.
2.Thin screen with sleek design which is adjustable at any place.
3.LEDs are far better than LCD monitors because they do not
use fluorescent bulbs due to which they are lighter and thinner
in weight.
4.LEDs consume less energy and save a lot of power.
ADVANTAGES OF 5.LEDs provide bright image quality by enhancing the contrast
LED and enriching the range of colors.
6.These LEDs monitor produces flicker free image which reduces
eye fatigue, eye strains and headaches.
7. They have a long lifespan in comparison to the LCD’s.
8.LEDs don’t produce heat because they do not contain the
fluorescent bulbs which can also cause damage by short-
circuiting .
9. Life span : Around 100,000 hours
 • Top most disadvantage is the price rate at which they
are available in the market, which is very expensive .
• LEDs must be supplied with the correct voltage and
current at a constant flow. This requires some
electronics expertise to design the electronic drivers.
DISADVANTAGES OF
LED • LED performance largely depends on the ambient
temperature of the operating environment.
Overdriving the LED in high ambient temperatures
may result in overheating of the LED package,
eventually leading to device failure .
QLED

LCD
LCD
 PHOTO-ENHANCE QUANTUM DOT DISPLAY SYSTEMS
• Quantum dots are integrated within the LED backlight of an existing LCD.
• In this type of system illuminated quantum dots which are tuned to give of red and green
light.
• Red , Blue and Green colours produced in the quantum dot set are very pure they can
shine through those filters with less wasted light than TV’s that uses the white light.
• In this method quantum dots are used to enhanced the quality of emitted light.
There are different configurations of such of
photo-enhanced QD system:-
1. Chip configuration:- In this configuration the quantum dots are embedded in the LED chip.
This approach offers the promise of a very low-cost solution, but has faced some difficulties
because the quantum dots are exposed to higher temperatures (200°C) and high light flux
which can destabilize the QD material.
2. Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF):- It replaces a diffuser film. Red and Green are
emitted inside the film and Blue LEDs illuminated the film.
3. QD Rail:- QDs are packaged in resin placed between LEDs and a light guide in an edge lit
backlight, essentially taking the place of the yellow phosphor.
The micro-LED The EL
array with a single (electroluminescence
pixel size of 20 × 20 ) optical microscopy
µm2 , and a pitch of image of RGB NP
25 µm was pixel micro-LED is
fabricated, as shown shown in Figure
Figure. References :- Chen, Z.; Yan, S.; Danesh, C. MicroLED technologies and applications: Characteristics,
fabrication, progress, and challenges. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2021, 54, 123001. [CrossRef]
 EL(Electroluminescence
EL(Electroluminescenc ) image of RGB pixels.
e) spectra of red and
green pixelAshoori, R.C. Electrons in artificial atoms. Nature 1996, 379, 413–419.
References:-
[CrossRef]
 ADVANTAGES OF QLED
1. Like photo-enhanced system the photo-emissive can achieve extremely pure colors and
thereby achieves a wide colour spectrum, because the light out of the quantum dots has a
very narrow spectrum than that from there yellow phosphorous is used to make white LEDs.
2. Because the light from the red and the green pixels originating at the front of the display
and in front of the LC layer and polarised, a photo-emissive display will have much better
viewing angle performance ; it will appear as an emissive display, one of the advantage
ascribed to OLED.
3. The structure of the photo-emissive quantum dot display will eliminate the light scattering
that occurs in the colour filter, in between the two polarised layers , therefore the display will
show improved contrast.
 CONCLUSION

1. The invention of Quantum Dots was a revolutionary change in the field of Quantum
Mechanics. With the help of Q dots they found a unique way to make displays. They are used
not only in making displays but also other devices.
2. Quantum Dot displays have got some unique characteristics that other displays merely have.
Quantum Dot displays consume less electricity as a compared to other displays . In a nutshell ,
they have got more efficiency than the other displays like LEDs , LCDs etc.
3. At the same time , due to decrement in electricity consumption affordability increased.
4. Also , QLEDs have got more resolution. The resolution can be shifted from 720p to 1080p HD
and then 4K to even 8K.
Dr. Jang was appointed a Samsung Fellow on November
16 – a distinct honor established at Samsung in 2002 to
honor outstanding achievements in research, and also
referred to as “Samsung’s Nobel Prize.”

Dr. Eunjoo Jang

 LITERATURE SURVEY
S. No Name of the Title of the paper Summary Remarks
Author/Auth
ors

1. Yongyin Quantum Dots for Wide Monodisperse quantum dots (QDs) were prepared High-quality QDs were synthesized by
by low-temperature process. The remarkable low-temperature process, and these QDs
Kang, Xiaofa Color Gamut Displays narrow emission peak of the QDs helps the liquid exhibit extremely narrow FWHM. The
ng Jiang, Xia from crystal displays (LCD) and electroluminescence quantum efficiency for both PL and EL is
Yin, Long Photoluminescence to displays (QD light-emitting diode, QLED) to high and thus supports the further
Fang, Jing Electroluminescence generate wide color gamut performance. The range development of QLCD and QLED devices.
of the color gamut for QD light-converting device The remarkable photo-stability of the as-
Gao, Yehua (QLCD) is controlled by both the QDs and color prepared QDs encourages the large-scale
Su & Fei filters (CFs) in LCD, and for QLED, the optimized commercial manufacturing in display
Zhao color gamut is dominated by QD materials. supply chain. Wide color gamut was
achieved by applying the narrow QDs
either with LCD or as QLED. ts.
2. Yu-Ming Huang , Jo- High-Uniform and High- Quantum dot (QD)-based RGB micro-LED
Hsiang Chen , Yu-Hau Efficient Color technology is seen as one of the most
Liou 1, Konthoujam promising approaches towards full color
Conversion Nanoporous
James Singh 1 , Wei-
GaN-Based Micro-LED
micro-LED displays. In this work, we present
Cheng Tsai 1, Jung Han a novel nanoporous GaN(NP-GaN) structure
4, Chun-Jung Lin 1, Display with Embedded that can scatter light and host QDs, as well as a
Tsung-Sheng Kao 1, QuantumDots new type of micro-LED array based on an NP-
Chien-Chung Lin 2,5,* , GaN embedded with QDs. Compared to
Shih-Chen Chen 3,* and typical QD films, this structure can
Hao-Chung Kuo1,3,* significantly enhance the light absorption and
stability of QDs. As a result, the green and red
QDs exhibited light conversion efficiencies of
90.3% and 96.1% respectively, leading to
improvements to the luminous uniformity of
the green and red subpixels by 90.7% and
91.2% respectively. This study provides a
viable pathway to develop high-uniform and
high-efficient color conversion
microLEDdisplays.
In summary, the optical properties of NP- GaN
micro-LEDs embedded with QDs were
demonstrated. Multiple light scattering in NP-
GaN increased the optical path length of incident
light as well as the opportunity of exciting QD.
Colloidal QDs were loaded into the NP- GaN
structure using the SIJ printing technique, resulting
in 90.3% and 96.1% of LCDs for green and red
within 3-µm-thick QD layers, respectively.
Additionally, based on the studies on the QD inkjet
printing and light absorption, green and red QDs
were selectively loaded in an NP-GaN structure to
carry out excellent color performance. An NP-
GaNembeddedwith Qdsmitigated the self-
aggregation issue of QDs and achieved illuminance
uniformity of 90.7% and 91.2% for the green and
red subpixels, respectively. Finally, a wide color
gamut showing 97.3% in the NTSC space and
89.1% in the Rec. 2020 standard was achieved. The
high-uniform and high-efficient color conversion
micro-LED using NP-GaNs embedded with
quantum dots holds great promise for future
displays.
3. Yen Lung Application of The demand for extra-thin, Weproposed an optimized
Chen1,2, large-area, and high- design of a light guide layer
Mini-LEDs with concave PSMLAs that
Zhi Ting Ye luminance flat-panel displays
with used mini-LEDs as the light
3,* , Wei Lai continues to grow, especially source for extra-thin, large-
3, Chang Microlens for portable displays such as area, flat backlight modules.
Che Chiu 3, Arrays and gaming laptops and We used a 17 in prototype for
Kuo Wei Lin QuantumDotF automotive displays. In this the experiments. The thickness
of the module was only 1.98
4 and Pin ilm as Extra- paper, we propose a design mm. For the mini-LEDs, its
Han1, Thin, Large- that includes a light guide pitches in the x- and y-
layer with a microstructure directions were 5.3 and 5.1
Area, and above the mini-lightemitting mm, respectively, and its
High- diode light board. UMFs in the x- and y-
Luminance directions were 4.49 and 4.32,
respectively.
Backlight
4. Yu-Ming Huang In terms of their use in displays,
1,2,† ,
Advances quantum dots (QDs) exhibit
Konthoujam in several advantages, including
high illumination efficiency and
James Singh 1 ,
An-Chen Liu 1 , Quantum- color rendering, low-cost, and
capacity for mass production.
Chien-Chung Lin
2,* , Zhong Chen
Dot-Based Furthermore, they are
environmentally friendly.
3 , Kai Wang 4 , Displays Excellent luminescence and
Yue Lin 3 , charge transport properties of
Zhaojun Liu 4 , QDs led to their application in
Tingzhu Wu 3,* QD-based light-emitting diodes
and Hao-Chung (LEDs), which have attracted
considerable attention in display
Kuo
and solid-state lighting
applications. In this review, we
discuss the applications of QDs
which are used on color
conversion filter that exhibit high
efficiency in white LEDs, full-
color micro-LED devices, and
liquid-type structure devices,
among others.
This study reviews the trends in
QDs-based display technology,
mainly focusing on µLEDs,
including array structures and other
perovskite QDs-based LEDs that
exhibit high efficiencies and high
polarization features. Owing to their
exciting potential benefits in terms
of performance, power
consumption, contrast ratio,
lifetime, and response time, QD-
LED-based display technology is
considered the ultimate option for
future generation displays. The
development of QD printing
technology has been described,
including methods of pulsed spray
coating, aerosol jet printing, and
super inkjet printing. We moreover
discuss PQDs-based white light
LEDs exhibiting ultra-high
luminous intensity and long
operation lifetimes. Several
challenges facing PQDs, such as
heat, pressure, pressure, high-energy
radiation, etc.,
 REFERENCE
S
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_display
• https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/1*nlsDJMg_DNh4ibF14PUiWA
• https://www.techreviewer.com/content/media/shared-graphics/tr-attr/tv/740-787-1/qled-vs-lcd-displays
• https://news.samsung.com/global/quantum-dot-artisan-dr-eunjoo-jang-samsung-fellow
• https://global.canon/en/technology/s_labo/light/002/03.html
• https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/LED-TV-LED-backlight-LCD-television
• https://www.spencerstv.com/blog/led-tvs-faqs
• https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.0c01386#
• https://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/
• https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/accelerate/resources/demonstrations/cathode-ray-tube#:~:text=In%20the%
20cathode%20ray%20tube,the%20path%20of%20the%20beam
.