CHEMICAL AGENTS

OF
STERILIZATION
 QUALITIES OF A GOOD DISINFECTANT:
CKS ALL TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS
IN ITS ACTION
OT DESTROY BODY TISSUES OR ACT AS
IF TAKEN INTERNALLY
ETARDED IN ITS ACTION IN THE PRESENCE
ANIC MATTER
ENETRATE THE MATERIALS BEIN
CTED
OLVE EASILY IN OR MIX IN WATER TO
A STABLE SOLUTION OR EMULSION
OT DECOMPOSE WHEN EXPOSED TO
LIGHT RAYS, OR UNFAVORABLE
ER CONDITIONS
OT DAMAGE MATERIALS BEING
ECTED SUCH AS INSTRUMENTS AND
S
EATURE
DO NOTOF HAVE AN UNPLEASANT
A DISINFECTANT IS ODOR O
SCOLOR
ORM THE MATERIAL
LETHAL BEING DISINFECT
COMBINTIONS
.LBE EASILY OBTAINED AT A COMPARATI
CELLS.
W COST & READILY TRANSPORTED
 I. SURFACE-ACTIVE
--MECHANICAL REMOVAL OFCOMPOUNDS
DIRT
SCRUBBING; FLOAT AWAY DIRT AS
R IS WASHED OFF
ENTS---CLEANING AGENTS
IZES IN WATER & ITS
ICALLY CHARGED IONS AT TACH
ES TO THE DIRT
PS:
ADE FROM FAT S & RYE
EPEND COMPARISON
ON THEIR ALKALI CONTENT FOR ITS
PNEUMOCOCCI,
ANING
OCOCCI,ACTION
MENINGGOCOCCI.
SOAPS &
OMBINES WITH CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM
DETERGENTS
TS IN HARD WATER TO FORM AN INSOLUB
M
S:
OM FAT S & OILS
IN WATER; ATTRACTS DIRT INTO ITS
SPIROCHETE OF SYPHILIS AND INFLUENZ
ARTICLES
QUICKLY IN COLD WATER & IN HARD
 ZALKONIUM CHLORIDE/ZEPHIRAN
AGAINST SPORES
EIDE---USED TO DISINFECT
BUT THE HANDS
II. SURFACE ACTIVE
REPARE THE FIELD OF OPERATION
VEGETATIVE COMPOUNDS/
BACTERIA
1000 AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS USED FOR
QUARTERNARY
SCOPES & SHARP-EDGED CUTTING
UMENTS AMMONIUM
DISINFECTANTS
 E CHLORIDE---BACTERIOSTATIC
EVIBACTERIUM AMMONIAGENES
AMMONIA IN DECOMPOSED
except Mycobacterium tuberculo

HLORIDE---1:1000 SOLUTION
OUTHWASH
 EX.

. ORGANIC MERCURY COMPOUNDS---

CELLULAR ENZYME’S FUNCTION
FFECTIVE AGAINST NON-SPORING
ATHOGENIC BACTERIA EXCEPT M.
---EXERTS INHIBITORY EFFECT ON THE
UBERCULOSIS
III. HEAVY METAL COM
/METAPHEN/MERTHIOLA
ER NITRATE---USED AS A CAUSTIC
ANCE(AN AGENT THAT DESTROYS
TISSUE) AND AS AN ASTRINGENT (
BINDING/ CONSTRICTING EFFECT
SOLUTION PREVENTS OPTHALMIA
ATUM, A FORM OF CONJUNCTIVITIS IN
G CHILDREN
 FATE---MORE EFFECTIVE AGAINST
c. ZINC SALTS----CONTROL
EROAEROPHILES IN GUNSHOTINFECTIONS
WOUNDS,
SBY
IMMING ANAEROBIC
& DEEP BACTERIA
PUNCTURED
POOLS AND &
WOUNDS
WATER
CONC. OF 1:4000,000 WATER
HOID BACILLI IN 24 HOURS
 THE BEST
1. ETHYL ALCOHOL

GETATIVE FORMS
OYS MICROORGANISMS BY
LATING ITS PROTEIN THROUGH THE
N OF WATER
AINST M. TUBERCULOSIS &
SOLUTION
IV. ALCOHOLS & ALD
*AL
ONE OF THE AT
MOST
70%WIDELY USED AND ON
POROCIDAL
 2. ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
HTLY SUPERIOR TO ETHYL ALCOHOL
EAPER
S ON VEGETATIVE BACTERIA
CTANT AND PRESERVATIVE
RMALDEHYDE (GAS)
MALIN IN 37 % SOLUTION
ALDEHYDE
* USED
ED TO CONVERT TOXINS TO TOXOI
AS ACTIVATED
* DISINFECTS
DEHYDE CYTOSCOPES
SOLUTION (CIDEX) AND CERTAI
INSTRUMENTS DAMAGED BY HEAT
ENOLS & DERIVATIVES
ENOL ( CARBOLIC ACID)
ROSIVE POISON
SINFECTS ANESTHETIC EQUIPMENT,
* BACTERICIDAL, VIRICIDAL, SPOROC
ATHING APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS
H OPTICAL LENSES
 BACTERIAL GROWTH IN 0.2 %

GETATIVE BACTERIA AND LESS

T SPORES IN 5 % SOLUTION
IS INHIBITED BY ALCOHOL, ETHER &

IS ENHANCED WITH 5-10 % HCl

NT DISINFECTANT FOR FECES.
 , PUS, SPUTUM & PROTEINACEOUS
IAL
ROUS TO THE SKIN & MUCOUS
RANES
SOL
E EFFECTIVE THAN PHENOL
POISONOUS
TUBERCULOSIDE

L---SAPONATED CRESOL SOLUTION;

L AND SOAP IN 2.5 % SOLUTION
TO DISINFECT FECES,
M,INSTRUMENTS, FURNITURE, TABLES,
, RUBBER GOODS, RECTAL
OMETERS
XACHLOROPHENE ( G-11):
D IN PRE AND POST OPERATIVE
SCRUBS OF SURGICAL TEAMS
ECTIVE AGAINST GRAM+ BACTERIA
CIALLY STAPHYLOCOCCI
VERSAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT &
RPORATED INTO SOAPS,
POOS,TOOTHPASTES, DEODORANTS,
NS, POWDERS, OINTMENTS,
 VI. HALOGEN COMPOUNDS:

COSMETICS,
XIDIZING MEDICINAL
AGENTS THAT FORM CLEANE
TED DERIVATIVES OF MANY OF
ENOUS COMPOUNDS IN THE
M
 INE:
EBICIDE, BACTERICIDE,
RCULOSIDE, FUNGICIDE
SES IODINATION OF AMINO ACIDS
LTING IN THE INACTIVATION OF ITS
EIN
CTURE---2 % IODINE IN ALCOHOL
D IN MINOR CUTS, ABRASIONS,
NDS
E SOLUTION---2% IODINE IN WATER;
VE LIKE TINCTURES; USED TO
CT WATER IN SWIMMING POOLS
HORS----COMPOUNDS IN WHICH
IS CARRIED BY A SURFACE-ACTIVE
T; GERM-KILLING ACTION RESULTS
HE RELEASE OF FREE IODINE WHEN
POUND IS DILUTED WITH WATER.
 2. CHLORINE:

FECTIVE & WIDELY USED

NT
ENHANCES BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF
ODINE AND REDUCES ODOR
.X. BETADINE-POVIDONE-IODINE COMPL
LOROUS ACID---STRONG OXIDIZING
SED TO DISINFECT DRINKING WATER,
ION OF SWIMMING POOLS,
T OF SEWAGE
M--- EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION FOR
ION
HYPOCHLORITE (NaOCl) –POWERFUL
AGENT USED AS A BLEACH &
DAL TREATMENT OF FOOD-HANDLING
T
 SURGERY

AKIN’S SOLUTION----WEAK
S---ORGANIC CHLORINE NEUTRAL
LUTION OF SODIUM
HAT DECOMPOSE HYPOCHLORITE
SLOWLY
CHLORINE;
% NaOCl---VALUABLE
USED TO AGENT IN DENTA
 VII. ACIDS:

ID----USED AS EYEWASH
SANITIZE GLASSWARE & EATING UTENSI
NITRIC ACID---USED FOR
AND TO TREAT DAIRY & FOOD
MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENTS
CID---USED WOUNDS
UTERIZING AS FOOD INFECTED BY
BID ANIMALS
VE
BENZOIC ACID & SALICYLIC ACID---
NGISTATIC AGENTS
WHITFIELD’S OINTMENT---USED TO TREA
NGAL INFECTIONS OF THE FEET
 VIII. OXIDIZING AGENTS:
GEN PEROXIDE---USED TO CLEAN
DUE TO ITS EFFERVESCENCE
S
IUM PERMANGANATE---ANTISEPTIC
NGAL AGENTS DUE TO THEIR
OXIDIZING QUALITIES
 YES:
YSTAL VIOELT/GENTIAN VIOLET---
BIT THE GROWTH OF GRAM-POSITIVE
TERIA & FUNGI
RIFLAVINE & PROFLAVINE---INHIBIT THE
WTH OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA BU
E NO EFFECT ON GRAM-POSITIVE ONES
 X. MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS:

OMMON
LENE & EFFECTIVE
OXIDE---GAS WITH BROAD RANGE
ENT
IMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ODORLESS,
OUS, EXPLOSIVE
CALCIUM GAS THAT
CARBONATE; IS EASILY
HEATED
S A LIQUID
 QUICKLIME (CALCIUM OXIDE) WITH
E CORRESPONDING RELEASE OF CARBON
ME---USED
XIDE AS A BLEACH &
FECES
LAKED LIME (MILK OF LIME)---USED AS
INFECTANT FOR FECES & AS A WHITEWA
R PAINTING WALLS & GUTTERS
 ERROUS SULFATE---USED AS IMPURE
MMERCIAL SALT & INCORPORATED INT
ODORANTS AS WELL AS BEING USED AS
SINFECTANT.