Q4Week2 - Technical and Operational Definition

and
OPERATIONAL
Definition of a
term
Quarter IV: Week 2
and
OPERATIONAL
Definition of a
term
What is the difference between the these two concepts?
Objectives:
Define Technical and Distinguish technical from

Operational Definitions Operational definitions Write technical and
operational
definition.
LET’S PLAY A GAME!
PICTURE The teacher will give clues

about the mystery word. The
ME, DEFINE student who gives the
correct word will be given a
ME point.
What Am I? ●
●
I am expensive.
I can fit in your hands.
● I am sometimes called as
‘smart’
● I am very expensive.
● I can be sometimes
referred to as your
favorite fruit.
● I am expensive.
● I can fit in your hands.
● I am sometimes called as
‘smart’
● I am very expensive.
● I can be sometimes
referred to as your
favorite fruit.
What Am I? ● I can be referred to as a

‘lady’
● I sometimes referred to as
an ‘error’ in information
technology.
● I am so tiny that I can
even fit in your tiniest
pocket.
● I can be referred to as a
‘lady’
● I sometimes referred to as
an ‘error’ in information
technology.
● I am so tiny that I can
even fit in your tiniest
pocket.
● I sometimes a person,
sometimes not.
● You can find me in buses
What Am I? ●
especially here in our country.
I can also be a person who
directs the performance of an
orchestra or choir.
● I can be an object or type of
material that allows the flow
of charge in one or more
directions.
● I sometimes a person,
sometimes not.
● You can find me in buses
especially here in our country.
● I can also be a person who
directs the performance of an
orchestra or choir.
● I can be an object or type of
material that allows the flow
of charge in one or more
directions.
What is a technical definition?
● It refers to the definition of a word as used in a particular field like

Science, Law, or Engineering.
● The meaning of the word is associated with the field or area of study.
● mostly refers to the aspect of explaining or describing any
terminology
● The definition of terms/words are found in the dictionary.
Technical definition can be also related with
JARGONS
● Jargon is a literary term that is defined as the use of specific phrases and
words in a particular situation, profession, or trade. These specialized
terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in
that field.
● Jargon examples are found in literary and non-literary pieces of writing.
Jargon was taken in early times as a trade language, or as a language of a
specific profession, as it is somewhat unintelligible for other people who
do not belong to that particular profession. In fact, specific terms were
developed to meet the needs of the group of people working within the
same field or occupation.
EXAMPLE
● OPERATION: It is a procedure followed in an instruction.

● SURF: It is a sports, where a person stands on a board and rides with the
waves.
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITIONS
How do they differ?
What is an Operational Definition?
● It is a result of the process of operationalization and it is

used to define something (term/object) in terms of
process.
● It is the process of defining a word/term of how it is used
in a sentence, or using context clues.
● It is the application of the word/term. These may include
the various attempts to define or explain a certain process
and its properties including but not limited to the
characterization of the event itself.
TECHNICAL
● COMPUTER : It is a device or machine used in

performing, assessing, evaluation and following
commands set by the users.
OPERATIONAL
● COMPUTER : It is something used in doing

homework or browsing the internet.
ACTIVITY: Read the statements below. Give the correct meaning of the
underlined technical words. Choose from the given selections.
______ 1. The Red Cross furnishes food and

clothing to the typhoon victims.
a. pulls c. gives
b. builds d. pushes
______ 1. The Red Cross furnishes food and

clothing to the typhoon victims.
a. pulls c. gives
b. builds d. pushes
______ 2. Dad saturates the cloth with water. After

it had been soak, he pours spot remover on the stain.
What does saturate mean?
a. dries c. dirties
b. soaks d. folds
______ 3. The boys were in peril as they sat on the edge of

the cliff. They were in danger of being swept away by the
strong waves. What does peril mean?
a. danger c. happy
b. safe d. secure
______ 4. The bank has other branches in the

city. What does branches mean in the
sentence?
a. limbs of a tree c. classes
b. offices d. groups
______ 5. A swimmer began to flounder in the

ocean and yelled for help. What does flounder mean
in the sentences?
a. a kind of fish c. a character in an animated movie
b. struggle d. float
To Sum Things Up:
TECHNICAL DEFINITION OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
abstract concrete
conceptual clear
theoretical precise
definition from the expert Definition according to usage in specific

context or situation.
Quiz 2: Part I: Identify the underlined words in the sentences below. Write
TECHNICAL
or OPERATIONAL depending how it used in the sentences.
1. The bank closes at 3pm daily.

2. My father’s operation was done successfully and is under recovery.
3. Conglomerate boards of SM had decided to relieve the CEO from his
position starting tomorrow.
4. Students usually surf the websites for answers of their modules.
5. The fruits of her hardships were greatly rewarded.
Quiz 2: Part I: Identify the underlined words in the sentences below. Write
TECHNICAL
or OPERATIONAL depending how it used in the sentences.
6. The soldier’s watch was over a minute ago when his reliever
came.
7. The soldier’s watch was broken.
8. My friend’s promise was broken.
9. My vase was broken by my cat.
10. The fruit from the chico tree were eaten by the birds.
Quiz 2: Part II: Read the statements below. Give the correct meaning of the
italicized technical words. Choose from the given selections.
1. The Red Cross furnishes food and clothing to the typhoon victims.
a. pulls b. builds c. gives d. pushes
2. Dad saturates the cloth with water. After it had been soak, he pours spot remover on
the stain. What does saturate mean?
a. dries b. soaks c. dirties d. folds
3. The boys were in peril as they sat on the edge of the cliff. They were in danger of
being swept away by the strong waves. What does peril mean?
a. danger b. safe c. happy d. secure
4. The bank has other branches in the city. What does branches mean in the sentence?
a. limbs of a tree b. offices c. classes d. groups
Quiz 2
5. A swimmer began to flounder in the ocean and yelled for help. What does
flounder mean in the sentences?
a. a kind of fish c. a character in an animated movie
b. struggle d. float
6. Exercises are given at the end of the discussion.
a. do body movements c. a rhythmic body activity
b. written/oral assessment d. running, swimming and dancing
7. The air squadron fighters got the command to fire missiles at the enemy.
What does fire indicates in the sentence?
a. heat b. burn c. shoot d. desire
Quiz 2
8. Please play the music for us. What does play in the sentence indicate?
a. turn on b. a toy c. a game d. an item
9. Please press enter on your keyboards for the data to be recorded.
a. opening a door to enter a room
b. a command that tells you to enter a room
c. going inside the elevator.
d. to press a key on a keyboard to give a command to the computer
system
Quiz 2
10. The lady was crying and at the same time her face is all red while
eating. What does this indicate?
a. The lady is sad since she does not want the food.
b. The lady is eating a bitter food.
c. The lady is eating a spicy food.
d. The lady is eating sweet food.
Quiz 2: Part III: Look at the clip arts below and guess what are the
operational or technical terms you can associate with it. Identify each term
if it is TECHNICAL or OPERATIONAL.
Expanded
Definition of a
Term
Quarter IV: Week 3
Expanded Objectives:
● Define the term expanded
Definition
definition.
● Identify different approaches to
making expanded definitions.
● Write expanded definitions.
of a Term
Expanded Definition
Expanded definition is used to define technical terms with a very detailed

explanation, sometimes, with the use of examples and visuals. Expanded
definitions are usually found in academic texts (Gonzales, et al., 2017).
Expanded Definition
Definitions are commonly used in expository writing such as

researches, scientific and legal texts. It is also used in essays and other
text types in order to make ideas and concepts clearer.
Full definitions are composed of a term to define, the general
class to which the term belongs and a distinguishing characteristic which
separates the term from the other members of the same class. A definition
uses one of these two patterns.
PATTERN #1:
TERM = class + distinguishing

characteristics
● is / are
The/ A B ● which / C
● defines
A/ that…
An as ● of
● Refers
v+ing/N…
to ● By
which…
● For…
● v+en...
Example:
Freedom is the ability to do what is right.
Carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose.
PATTERN #2:
Class + Distinguishing characteristics =

Term
● which / ●
B C is / are A
that… as
● is/ are
● of called
v+ing/N… ● is/are
● By known
which…
● For…
● v+en...
Example:
The ability to do what is right is freedom.
A food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose is carbohydrates.
Let’s Practice: Identify term, class and distinguishing
characteristics used in the definition:
1. An algorithm is a finite description of a finite number of steps

required to accomplish some well defined task.
2. Influenza is an acute highly contagious infection of the respiratory
tract, which occurs sporadically or in epidemics and that lasts up to
month.
3. Reservoir rock is a type of rock that has sufficient porosity and
permeability to allow gas and oil to accumulate and be produced in
commercial quantities.
Expanded definition
A one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term

Full definition of a term
EXPANDED DEFINITION
Expanded definition
1. What is the term being

defined?
2. What aspects of the definition
were considered in the graphic
organizer?
3. Was the graphic organizer
helpful to you? In what way?
Expanded definition
For me, the word love means trust, friendship, and unselfishness. First of all, love means
trust because when you trust someone, you can talk to him/her about anything. For example,
I trust my girlfriend 100%. It is because I trust her that I know I can tell her anything, and
that is why I love her. Furthermore, I believe that love means friendship because the people
who you spend time with are your friends, and if you do not love them, then why would you
hang out with them? To illustrate, I love my two best friends because they are like brothers
to me. We are always laughing and protecting each other. Finally, love means unselfishness
because when you love someone and they love you back, there should always be sharing.
For instance, my next-door neighbor’s wife never shares anything with her husband, such as
food, drinks, possessions, etc. I sure do not see a whole lot of love there. For me, love
means the above three things (Parede, 2011).
Expanded definition
1. What is the word being defined?

2. How was the definition being expanded?
3. If you were to expand further the definition, what are you going to
add?
Example of an expanded definition:
Carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and

cellulose. Carbohydrates can also be defined as chemically as neutral
compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The body breaks down
most sugars and starches into glucose, a simple sugar that the body can
use to feed its cells. Dietary intake of complex carbohydrates can lower
blood cholesterol when they are substituted for saturated fat.
Let’s analyze:
● The sentence typed in bold face is the full definition of the term
carbohydrates.
● The underlined statement is an additional definition of the term.
● The statement highlighted in blue shows the process narration.
● The italicized statement shows the effect of carbohydrates in our
body.
Various Ways of Giving Expanded Definition:
Note: The sentence written in blue is the full definition, then

the sentence in black is expanded definition.
1. Description- does anything related to the term being defined need to

be described?
Example:
Anyone born between 1981 and 1996 (ages 23 to 38 in 2019) is
considered as millennials. Millennials are mostly watching television and
exposed in using different social media platform.
2. Process Narration- is there some process (natural, social) associated

with the term that should be discussed?
Example:
Generation Transition is the process of shifting from one generation to
another. Generation Transition takes place after considerations and of
factors. First, after a big movement in society such as technological
explosion which paved way for different generations.
3. Additional Definition- do unfamiliar terms occurring in the definition

also need definition?
Example:
Generation Transition is the process of shifting from one generation
to another. Generation Transition takes place after considerations and of
factors. First, after a big movement in society such as technological
explosion which paved way for different generations.
Generation Transition is also defined as the changes happening
in lifestyle and social interaction which leads to significant differences.
4. Historical Background- is there some history, some key individuals,

related to term being defined would that discussion contribute to the
definition of the term?
Example:
Generation Y is known as the generation which was born between
the early 1980’s and the early 2000’s. Generation Y evolved during 1996
or 1997 which was named as “iGeneration” or Generation Z by different
philosophers because of their distinct peculiarity in using social media
and technology.
5. Cause/ Causes- does the reader need to know about causes related to
the term being defined?
Example:
to another. Research proved that transition of generations has caused
millennials to encounter societal problems which influenced how they
raised their children.
6. Effects, Results, Consequence- does the reader know about effects

related to the term being defined?
Example:
to another. Research proved that transition of generations has caused
millennials to encounter societal problems which influenced how they
raised their children. As a result, Generation Z becomes more sensitive
with their savings and future matters.
7. Problem- Solution- does the term being defined represent a problem

or a solution?
Example:
Generation Transition really affects even the environment that some
areas are sacrificed for developments. However, it can be a way to fix the
gap by starting a new generation which cares for nature.
8. Statistics- should you discuss numerical data related to the term

defined?
Example:
According to the research, there are two billions of Generation Z in
the world.
9. Uses, applications- would it help to discuss uses or applications

related to the term?
Example:
Generation Z is also used to determine different significant
evolvement of human intelligence and way of interaction.
10. Similarities, Differences, Analogies- is the term similar to or

different from something else? Would an analogy help define a term?
Example:
If Millenials are called as Generation Y, iGeneration is called as
Generation Z, but they are both exposed to the internet and social media.
11. Classes, Types, Categories- are there categories that the term can be
divided into? Does it belong to a certain category?
Example:
Generation Transition includes all different generations and some of
these are Generation X, Millennials, and iGeneration.
12. Examples- would examples contribute to the definition of the term?

Example:
Generation Z people can be the young Tiktok users, young
vloggers, and young social media influencers.
13. Etymology (Origin of the word)- should future developments

related to the term be discussed? Does it have implications- good, bad, or
both?
Example:
The letter “i” in iGeneration means individualized because they are
independent which they use in different manner.
14. Negatives- would explaining what the term is not, what it does not
refer to help?
Example:
The terms Generation Y and Generation Z are not really related in
their generations because they just followed the name Generation X.
15. Advantages, Disadvantages- Are there advantages and

disadvantages related to the term that can be discussed?
Example:
Generation Transition really improves technology which gives ease to
people. However, some values fade out.
Observe
Correct
Grammar in
Writing
Definitions
Quarter IV: Week 4
(EN10G-IIa-29)
Observe
Correct Objectives:
● Identify parts of definition.
Grammar in
● Use sentence patterns in writing
definitions.
● Write expanded definitions.
Writing
Definitions
(EN10G-IIa-29)
An important skill to develop in order to make grammatically correct
definitions is the use of relative pronouns as well as participial and
prepositional phrases in stating the distinguishing characteristic of the
term defined.
Study these examples:
A. Anti-life acts are measures which are intended to terminate life

wilfully and consciously.
B. Anti-life acts are measures intended to terminate life wilfully

and consciously.
In the examples above, the distinguishing characteristics are underlined. In

Example A, the distinguishing characteristic is a relative clause beginning with
which (a relative pronoun).
What is a Relative Pronoun
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is
called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its
relative clause modifies.
Example:
The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
In the above example, "who":

• relates to "The person", which "who phoned me last night"
modifies
• introduces the relative clause "who phoned me last night"
What is a Relative Pronoun?
A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or

pronoun. The clause modifies or describes the noun. The most common
relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that. Sometimes,
when and where can be used as relative pronouns as well.
How to use Relative Pronouns?
Relative pronouns are placed directly after the noun or pronoun they
modify. The subject of the sentence is described by a relative clause.
Since these clauses describe a noun or a pronoun, they are also known as
adjective clauses because they act like adjectives in the sentence.
RELATIVE PRONOUN USAGE EXAMPLE
used for people: replaces subject It was my husband who broke the
Who pronouns like I, she, he, we, they car door.
This is the girl whose notes I

whose shows possession or relationship
borrowed.
The man whom they found was

whom replaces object pronouns like me,
sent home.
her, him
used for objects and animals The robots, which were waiting
which (typically non-defining clauses) outside, were ready for shipment.
used for people and things The piggy bank that was on my
that (typically defining clauses) desk got broken.
More Examples:
Each clause is introduced by a relative pronoun (in bold). Relative

pronouns connect the description to the rest of the sentence in an orderly
way. See how this works through a few examples.
More Examples:
● The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.

● The children, whom we love dearly, need better educational systems.
● Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.
● I have a friend whose cat is annoying.
● The book, which is now out of print, has all the information you
need.
● This is the book that everyone is talking about.
When and Where as Relative Pronouns
Occasionally, the relative adverbs when and where are also used as relative pronouns.
As a relative pronoun, when introduces clauses that describe a noun that refers to a
time, and where refers to a place.
1. Check out a few different sentence examples:

2. Grandma remembers a time when radio shows were popular.
3. She remembered the day when they met.
4. The office where I work is in this building.
5. I want to visit the island where my grandma was born.
Defining vs Non- Defining Relative Clauses
When relative pronouns are used to add descriptive information, that

information is either defining or non-defining.
Defining Clauses
A defining clause, also known as a restrictive clause, gives essential

information about the noun in question. It's so important that it cannot be
cut out of the sentence and still convey the intended meaning.
Additionally, defining clauses require no additional punctuation.
Example:
● This is the dog that was hit by a car.

● These are the houses that have been affected.
● These are the people who want to buy my car.
● Give the funds to someone who needs cancer treatment.
● I don't like people who interrupt me.
As you can see, the italicized clauses contain critical information. You can tell because if
you cut out the clause, the sentence's meaning is fundamentally different. For example,
saying I don't like people is very different from saying I don't like people who interrupt me.
Non- Defining Clauses
Non-defining clauses add information that's nice to have but isn't

essential to the sentence's overall meaning. They could be deleted, and
the sentence would convey basically the same information. Therefore,
non-defining clauses are set apart from the main sentence by commas,
which help to indicate its less important status in the sentence.
Example:
● This painting, which I adore, is worth over a million dollars.

● The neighbor, who lives down the road, got a new car.
● The plant, which sits in the window, is getting new leaves.
● The teacher, who was about to retire, began writing her memoirs.
● Billy, who I work with, just got relocated.
● My doctor is trying a new testing method, which had a 70% success rate.
In the examples, you could cut out the non-defining clause in italics and still understand the point
of the sentence. The important part is that the painting is worth a million dollars; the fact that it is
adored is merely nice to know.
Let’s Practice: Identify the appropriate relative pronoun to
complete the sentences:
1. The doctor ______ examined the child was very gentle.

2. I live in Canada, ______ is a densely populated country.
3. Lee teaches a class of students ______ native language is not
English.
4. Yesterday, I ran into an old friend ______ I hadn't seen for years.
5. Dan says he will always remember the day ______ his parents first
bought him a bike for his birthday.
6. That's the drawer ______ I keep my jewellery.
7. The town ______ I used to live in was not very big.
8. The people ______ house I am staying at are very kind to me.
9. Is this store ______ you said you bought the fishing equipment?
10. Here is the place ______ grandpa always used to talk about.
11. I am in need of a coat ______ will keep me warm.
12. We don't have a big enough room in ______ we can apply sample tests.
13. Why don't you consult someone ______ has experienced the same troubles?
14. The woman husband is a football player always complains about the stains
_______ never come off easily.
15. Here is a big thank you to all ______ contributed to this wonderful website.
Participial
Phrases
What is a Participle?
A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in

-ing or -ed. The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two
kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a
state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles
modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles: present
participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. Past
participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne as in the words asked, eaten,
saved, dealt, seen, and gone.
Example:
● The crying baby had a wet diaper.

● Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car.
● The burning log fell off the fire.
What is a participial phrase?
A participle is a verb that functions as a modifier. Participles provide further information

about the noun or nouns in a sentence, just like an adjective or adverb.
Some basic participles include:
● The running dog crashed into the wall.

● The crying baby kept her parents up all night.
● Jack watched the sleeping giant as he crept by.
Running, crying and sleeping are all verbs. However, they are not functioning as verbs in
these sentences; they are functioning as adjectives. When you add words to these
participles, you're making participial phrases.
What is a participial phrase?
A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the

modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the
direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state
expressed in the participle, such as:
Children interested in music early develop strong intellectual skills.
The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying children.

interested (in) (participle)
music (direct object of action expressed in participle)
early (adverb)
What is a participial adjective?
A participial adjective is a word which is identical in form to the present or past participle of
a verb. A participial adjective functions as an adjective.
Examples (in brackets)
(Stolen) watch
(Broken) wings
(Fallen) heroes
(Missing) child
(Smiling) face
An (unexpected) visitor
A (surprising) visit
Points to Remember:
1. A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present) or -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne (past)
that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
2. A participial phrase consists of a participle plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or
complement(s).
3. Participles and participial phrases must be placed as close to the nouns or
pronouns they modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns must be clearly
stated.
4. A participial phrase is set off with commas when it:
● a) comes at the beginning of a sentence
● b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element
● c) comes at the end of a sentence and is separated from the word it modifies.
REFERENCES:
● https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/pronouns/relativ
e-pronoun.html
● https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/gerunds_parti
ciples_and_infinitives/participles.html
THAN
KS!
Email: friendly.banagan@depedqc.ph
Messenger: Maria Saludes Banagan
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Define Technical and Distinguish technical from

PICTURE The teacher will give clues

What Am I? ● I can be referred to as a

● It refers to the definition of a word as used in a particular field like

● OPERATION: It is a procedure followed in an instruction.

● It is a result of the process of operationalization and it is

● COMPUTER : It is a device or machine used in

● COMPUTER : It is something used in doing

______ 1. The Red Cross furnishes food and

______ 1. The Red Cross furnishes food and

______ 2. Dad saturates the cloth with water. After

______ 3. The boys were in peril as they sat on the edge of

______ 4. The bank has other branches in the

______ 5. A swimmer began to flounder in the

TECHNICAL DEFINITION OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

definition from the expert Definition according to usage in specific

1. The bank closes at 3pm daily.

Expanded definition is used to define technical terms with a very detailed

Definitions are commonly used in expository writing such as

TERM = class + distinguishing

Class + Distinguishing characteristics =

1. An algorithm is a finite description of a finite number of steps

A one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term

1. What is the term being

1. What is the word being defined?

Carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and

Note: The sentence written in blue is the full definition, then

1. Description- does anything related to the term being defined need to

2. Process Narration- is there some process (natural, social) associated

3. Additional Definition- do unfamiliar terms occurring in the definition

4. Historical Background- is there some history, some key individuals,

6. Effects, Results, Consequence- does the reader know about effects

7. Problem- Solution- does the term being defined represent a problem

8. Statistics- should you discuss numerical data related to the term

9. Uses, applications- would it help to discuss uses or applications

10. Similarities, Differences, Analogies- is the term similar to or

12. Examples- would examples contribute to the definition of the term?

13. Etymology (Origin of the word)- should future developments

15. Advantages, Disadvantages- Are there advantages and

A. Anti-life acts are measures which are intended to terminate life

B. Anti-life acts are measures intended to terminate life wilfully

In the examples above, the distinguishing characteristics are underlined. In

In the above example, "who":

A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or

This is the girl whose notes I

The man whom they found was

Each clause is introduced by a relative pronoun (in bold). Relative

● The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.

1. Check out a few different sentence examples:

When relative pronouns are used to add descriptive information, that

A defining clause, also known as a restrictive clause, gives essential

● This is the dog that was hit by a car.

Non-defining clauses add information that's nice to have but isn't

● This painting, which I adore, is worth over a million dollars.

1. The doctor ______ examined the child was very gentle.

6. That's the drawer ______ I keep my jewellery.

7. The town ______ I used to live in was not very big.

8. The people ______ house I am staying at are very kind to me.

11. I am in need of a coat ______ will keep me warm.

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in

● The crying baby had a wet diaper.

A participle is a verb that functions as a modifier. Participles provide further information