Did you ever make a volcano using baking soda and vinegar?

What happens when the two

substances combine? They produce an eruption of foamy bubbles. This happens because of
the chemical change. A chemical change occurs when matter changes chemically into an
entirely different substance with different chemical properties. The red lava is the result of a
chemical reaction between the baking soda and vinegar. In this reaction, the carbon dioxide
gas is produced; pressure builds up inside the plastic bottle until the gas bubbles out of the
volcano. Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new
substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or
more different substances. These processes are called chemical reactions and, in general,
are not reversible except by further chemical reactions.
 Evidence of Chemical Change
Some chemical changes are easy to observe. The products formed by rearrangement of
atoms look different than the reactants. Other change are not easy to see but can be
detected in other ways.
1. Evolution of heat and light. Sometimes energy is

released by bond-forming reactions in the form of light. This occurs in most combustion
reactions. Light production in fireflies is due to a type of chemical reaction called
bioluminescence. This process occurs in specialized light-emitting organs, usually on a
firefly's lower abdomen. The enzyme luciferase acts on the luciferin, in the presence of
magnesium ions, ATP, and oxygen to produce light.
Application of heat to some substances causes also chemical change
such as lightning of fireworks, Photosynthesis and burning a candle.
 2. Change in Temperature. Most chemical reaction involves a temperature
change. If temperature increases, as it does in most reactions, a chemical
change is likely to be occurring. When you mix baking soda and vinegar
together, you will notice that the mixture drops in temperature. This is
because the reaction is endothermic and requires the absorption of heat to
create the products of the reaction which are sodium acetate, water, and
carbon dioxide. Another example is spoilage of food. Because leaving food out
too long at
room temperature can cause bacteria to grow.
 3. Change in Intensive Properties like color and odor. Some
chemical changes produce new smells. The chemical change that
occurs when an egg is rotting produces the smell of sulfur. If you
go outdoors after a thunderstorm, you may detect an unusual
odor in the air. The odor is an indication that lightning has
caused a chemical change in the air. A change in color is often an
indication of a chemical change. For example, rusting of iron.
Rust is formed when iron reacts with oxygen in moist air.
 4. Formation of gas. The formation of a gas is an indicator of
chemical changes. The bubbles of gas that you observed form
when an antacid is dropped into water is an example of change.
The substances produced during chemical changes however
cannot easily change back into the original substances. When
sodium bicarbonate in antacid dissolves in water, it reacts with
hydrogen ions from the citric acid and forms carbon dioxide.
Because carbon dioxide is a gas, it forms bubbles inside the water
that you can see as foam on the surface.
 5. Formation of Precipitate. Many chemical reactions form
products that exist in a different physical state from the
reactants. A solid product called a precipitate may form when
chemicals in two liquid reacts. Seashells are often formed this way
when a sea creature releases a liquid that reacts with sea water.
When milk is curdled, the liquid form of milk gets converted into
solid and leads to the formation of curd. As curdling of milk leads
to formation of curd which differ in chemical properties when
compared to milk, the process is considered as chemical change.
ACTIVITIES

1. Sublimation of dry ice

2. Burning of paper
3. Evaporating of alcohol
4. Cutting of hair
5. Decaying of leaves
6. Meat rotting in the fridge
7. Freezing of water
8. Whitening of hair
9. Plants grow
10. Dew forms at dawn
Identify the evidence of chemical change manifested in the following chemical
changes:
CHEMICAL CHANGE
1. lightning of fireworks
2. curdling of milk
3. heating a sugar
4. rotting of eggs
5. rusting of nails
6. Applying hydrogen peroxide on an open wound
7.photosynthesis
8. tarnishing of silverwares
9. burning a candle
10. drying of leaves
11. spoilage of food
12. adding lemon in milk
13. bleaching of clothes
14. ripening of fruits
15. wood burns
POSTTEST

1. Which of the following is an example of chemical change?

a. cutting of hair c. pounding a metal
b. decaying of teeth d. breaking a glass
2. Which of the following does NOT show a chemical change?
a. Change of state of matter c. production of gas
b. Color change d. change in size
3. Which of the following is a common sign that a chemical change has
occurred?
a) A chemical has changed size.
b) A chemical has changed to a different state (solid, liquid or gas)
c) A chemical has become a different shape.
d) A chemical has turned a different color.
4. Jolene wants to experiment with sugar cubes. Which of the following causes a sugar cube to change
chemically?
a) burning the sugar cube with a match
b) crushing the sugar cube and dissolving it in water
c) freezing the sugar
d) adding the sugar in the water
5. A solid brown metal is added to a clear acidic solution. A white powder appears and the acid
solution becomes cloudy. Which type of change has occurred?
a) both chemical and physical change
b) only physical change
c) neither chemical nor physical change
d) only chemical change