Light

T8 .. L5
Pgs. 432 - 440
Light, color, and objects
Why you can see shadows of both the person and
the window, and cannot see the shadow of the panes
of glass?
 Types of materials
Materials can be classified based on how much light transmits through them.

1 2 3
Transparent Translucent Opaque
 Transparent: A type of material that transmits
light without scattering it.

Transparent
 Translucent: a type of material that scatters light as
it passes through

Translucent
 Opaque: A type of material that reflects or absorbs
all of the light that strikes it.

Opaque
The color of objects
 The color of an opaque object is the color of light
that the object reflects. It absorbs all other colors.

The Color of
opaque
objects
The tree’s trunk appears as brown color,
which is not one of the basic colors of
light. How?
• Tree’s truck reflects more than one
color of light.

• It reflects both red and green light,

and it absorbs all other colors.

• The combination between red and

green is brown.

• So, The tree’s truck appears as

brown.
 The Color of transparent or translucent objects is
the color of light that passes through it.

The Color of
Transparent or
For example, the color of a clear, green drinking glass is green
translucent because green light is the only color of light that passes
through it.
objects
Page 434
Color Filters
 • Colored filter: is a tinted piece of glass or plastic. Page 435

A red filter, transmits only red light.

 When light shines through a red filter onto an object, any part of the object that
is red, looks red. Any other color looks black
Reflecting light
The reflection of light occurs when parallel rays of light bounce
off a surface.
Reflection depending on the surface
• Regular reflection: occurs when parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface.

• The trees are reflected because light hits the smooth surface of the water, and the
rays all reflect at the same angle.

• As a result, the reflection is a clear image.

Diffuse reflection: Reflection that occurs when parallel rays of light hit
a rough surface, and all reflect at different angles.
Mirror images
Types of mirrors
Plane mirror 01

Convex mirror 02

Concve mirror 03
Plane mirror
Flat mirror (plane mirror)

• The image you see in this mirror is

called a virtual image.

• The image formed has the

same size of the object.
(but)
• The right and left sides of the
image are reversed.
Convex mirror
Convex mirror: a mirror that curves outward.

• The image in the convex mirror is smaller than the image in a plane mirror.
• The image formed will be always virtual.
The optical axis: is an imaginary line that divides a mirror in half.

The focal point: is the location at which rays parallel to the optical axis
reflect and meet.
Convex mirror image

The light rays bend when they

hit the surface of the mirror in
such a way that the object
appears smaller than it is.
Concave mirror: The mirror with a surface that curves inward.
Concave mirror image
The image that forms from a concave mirror depends
on whether

The object is between the focal point and the mirror.

(or)
The object is farther away from the mirror than the
focal point
 If the object is between the focal point and the mirror.

 The image is not inverted and is larger than the actual object.

 This image is a virtual image.

 If the object is farther away from the mirror than the focal point.

 The reflected light rays cross past one another, and the image
is inverted and called real image.
Page 438
Lenses
 A lens: is a curved piece of transparent material that refracts light.

 A lens is either convex or concave, based on its shape.

Convex lens
Virtual

Real
• If the object is farther away from the lens • If the object is between the lens and
than the focal point is, then a real image the focal point, then a virtual image
forms. This image can be larger, smaller, forms. This image is larger than the
or the same size as the object. actual object
 Both a convex lens and a concave mirror focus light,

 the type of image formed depends on the location of the object compared
to the location of the focal point.

 The image can be virtual or real.

Page 439
Concave lens
Concave lenses form only virtual images, and these images are upright and
smaller than the objects.

• The light rays travel through the lens.

• The rays are bent away from the optical

axis.

• The rays never meet.

Page 440
 Thanks!
T. Sarah Nashat