Patterns of Idea

Development
 There are political events. In this
paper I will discuss why people
should be more aware of current
events. A natural disaster, an
earthquake, could happen any
moment. This is not political, but it
is still an event. Reading about a
disaster in the newspaper is
different from actually living it.
 What is the
There are political events. In this
paper I will discuss why people should paragraph all
be more aware of current events. A about?
natural disaster, an earthquake, could
happen any moment. This is not
political, but it is still an event.
Reading about a disaster in the
newspaper is different from actually
living it.
 There are political events. In this
paper I will discuss why people should Mmmmm.
be more aware of current events. A
natural disaster, an earthquake, could
happen any moment. This is not
political, but it is still an event.
Reading about a disaster in the
newspaper is different from actually
living it.
 Reading about a disaster in the
newspaper is different from actually
experiencing it first-hand. However,
grand-scale incidents, whether
natural or political, touch the lives of
all individuals to a certain degree.
Consequently, people need to
cultivate an awareness of current
events.
 Is this
Reading about a disaster in the
newspaper is different from actually paragraph
experiencing it first-hand. However, better?
grand-scale incidents, whether natural
or political, touch the lives of all
individuals to a certain degree.
Consequently, people need to cultivate
an awareness of current events.
 Reading about a disaster in the Why is it
newspaper is different from actually better?
experiencing it first-hand. However,
grand-scale incidents, whether natural
or political, touch the lives of all
individuals to a certain degree.
Consequently, people need to cultivate
an awareness of current events.
 Reading about a disaster in the
newspaper is different from actually Why is it
experiencing it first-hand. However, better?
grand-scale incidents, whether natural
or political, touch the lives of all
individuals to a certain degree.
Consequently, people need to cultivate
an awareness of current events.

However Consequently
Grammatical Signals/Expressions

However Consequently
 What are…?
Grammatical Signals/Expressions
- Are writing devices that serve
to maintain text coherence.

- They signal the relationship

between new sentences and
the one before it.
 Grammatical Signals/Expressions
I have to call mom. It is late at night.
 Grammatical Signals/Expressions
I have to call mom. It is late at night.

I have to call mom because it is late at night.

 Grammatical Signals/Expressions
I have to call mom. It is late at night.

I have to call mom because it is late at night.

What is…?
Idea Development
 Idea Development
- Is the manner or pattern by
which a writer or speaker
explains his/her main idea
about a topic in a paragraph or
paragraphs.
 Idea Development
Four most common pattern of Idea
Development
1. General to particular
2. Problem-solution
3. Claim and counterclaim
4. Cause-effect
 GENERAL
TO
PARTICULAR
 1 General to Particular

•The method of explaining by starting

with a broad (big) idea and following it
with specific (small) ideas in support to the
main/big idea.

• Sometimes called Deductive method.

 1 General to Particular

• Sometimes called Deductive method.

General statement

Specific details

Conclusion
 1 General to Particular

General statement
- This is your main idea
Specific that will be supported
details
with specific statements
in the next part of the
Conclusion paragraph.
 1 General to Particular
General
statement - These are the
specific details with
Specific examples that
support your general
details
statement.
Conclusion
1 General to Particular
General
statement

- This summarizes the

Specific
details paragraph based on
the previous ideas
Conclusion presented.
 1 General to Particular
Signal Words Examples
For General Generally, primarily, largely, in general
statements
For Major details First, second, third, another, furthermore,
moreover, in addition, next

For For example, for instance, as an illustration,

Particular/specific to be specific, specifically, particularly, such
details as, namely, like, including, in this case, in
other words
 1 General to Particular
Signal Words Examples
For General Generally, primarily, largely, in general
statements
For Major details First, second, third, another, furthermore,
moreover, in addition, next

For For example, for instance, as an illustration,

Particular/specific to be specific, specifically, particularly, such
details as, namely, like, including, in this case, in
other words
 1 General to Particular
Signal Words Examples
For General Generally, primarily, largely, in general
statements
For Major details First, second, third, another, furthermore,
moreover, in addition, next
For For example, for instance, as an illustration,
Particular/specific to be specific, specifically, particularly, such
details as, namely, like, including, in this case, in
other words
• I miss doing my favorite
outside activities like
biking, travelling and
swimming.
• I miss doing my favorite
outside activities like
biking, travelling and
swimming.
• The epic of Jangar recounts
the bold conquests and
adventures of a child hero.
To illustrate his heroic feats,
the young hero decimated
three enemy strong-holds
and killed his mortal enemy.
• The epic of Jangar recounts
the bold conquests and
adventures of a child hero.
To illustrate his heroic feats,
the young hero decimated
three enemy strong-holds
and killed his mortal enemy.
 The Effect of Global Warming EXAMPLE
Generally, the impact that global warming causing on
earth is extremely serious. There are many hazardous
effects that will happen in the future if global warming
continues. For example, melting of polar ice caps,
leading to an increase in sea level drowning coastlines
and slowly submerging continents are some of the
specific effects of global warming. These are just few
effects of global warming. Although it is difficult to avoid
global warming, people can indeed help mitigate and
slow its effects. If no action is taken to address this
problem, people will perish as a result of global warming.
 The Effect of Global Warming General statement
Generally, the impact that global warming causing
on earth is extremely serious. There are many hazardous
effects that will happen in the future if global warming
continues. For example, melting of polar ice caps,
leading to an increase in sea level drowning coastlines
and slowly submerging continents are some of the
specific effects of global warming. These are just few
effects of global warming. Although it is difficult to avoid
global warming, people can indeed help mitigate and
slow its effects. If no action is taken to address this
problem, people will perish as a result of global warming.
 The Effect of Global Warming General statement
Generally, the impact that global warming causing
on earth is extremely serious. There are many hazardous
effects that will happen in the future if global warming
continues. For example, melting of polar ice caps,
Specific
leading to an increase in sea level drowning coastlines
details
and slowly submerging continents are some of the
specific effects of global warming. These are just few
effects of global warming. Although it is difficult to avoid
global warming, people can indeed help mitigate and
slow its effects. If no action is taken to address this
problem, people will perish as a result of global warming.
 The Effect of Global Warming General statement
Generally, the impact that global warming causing
on earth is extremely serious. There are many hazardous
effects that will happen in the future if global warming
continues. For example, melting of polar ice caps,
leading to an increase in sea level drowning coastlines Specific
and slowly submerging continents are some of the details
specific effects of global warming. These are just few
effects of global warming. Although it is difficult to avoid
global warming, people can indeed help mitigate and Conclusion
slow its effects. If no action is taken to address this
problem, people will perish as a result of global warming.
Let’s Practice!
Let’s Practice!
Read the sentences carefully and make
the ideas move logically and cohesively
by combining the general and specific
ideas together using a suitable
grammatical expression inside the
parentheses.
1. Archaic words are also used in Jangar.
The word alta is an archaism
designating a unit of measurement
equal to an adult’s outstretched arms.

(for example , in this case)

2. A scholar is a specialist of a particular
subject. A scholar is a specialist whose
learning is solid, who holds faithfulness
and sincerity as first principles.

(for instance , in other words)

3. A prince’s jianggarchis can be divided
into two basic types. These are the
wandering singer who is conferred a title
by the prince and makes a living by singing
publicly, and the bard with the same title
who relies primarily on his master for his
livelihood.
(namely , including)
SEATWORK #1 (4 Q.) th

• Answer Learning
Hotspot No. 2.1 on
pages 195-196.