The pump consists of a rotating impeller within a stationary casing.

The impeller
construction has two discs joined at in between surface by a set of internal curved vanes.
Impeller has an eye (opening) at the center and is mounted on shaft, which is driven by a
suitable prime mover such as an electric motor, steam engine through crank mechanism, or
a turbine.
• These gear pumps are rotary displacement or rotary positive
displacement pumps. Two toothed wheels mesh together and are a close
fit in casing. Initially the air or gas is trapped between each pair of
consecutive teeth and the same is dragged along the casing from suction
to discharge side till no more air is left on the suction side. Liquid from
the tank will thus rise up into suction line under atmospheric pressure,
subsequently this liquid will now be trapped between each pair of two
consecutive teeth and dragged along the casing into the discharge side
and pumping of liquid will commence.
• Further if liquid level on suction side is at a higher level, the liquid will
flow into the suction side on its own at first instant itself.
• Usually the gear pumps are electric motor driven through a chain or
wheel drive. Control of flow rate is achieved by a bypass valve or
controlling speed of prime mover.
• High Pressure, Low Flow Applications: Reciprocating pumps
are generally designed to pump in low flow, high head
applications. One of the most extreme of these applications
is water jet cutting, where only a few gallons pass through
the pump per minute but exceed pressures of 10,000 PSI.
• Proven, Common Technology: Reciprocating pumps are one
of the oldest, most proven pump types. Today, a wide
variety of reciprocating pumps can be found in many
different materials, types, and sizes. Reciprocating pumps
range from less than 1 horsepower to over 3,000
horsepower.
• Durability: Reciprocating pumps are used in some of the
most abrasive and corrosive applications. Fluid ends and
fluid end parts can be made of many different materials
such as stainless steel, aluminum bronze, tungsten
carbide, ceramic, and more. A wide selection of valve
types are used in abrasive applications such as pumping
cement, sand slurry, mud, etc.
• Efficiency: Reciprocating pumps operate at high a higher
efficiency compared to other pump designs. In most
cases, at any set point, reciprocating pumps operate
around 90%.
• Basic Parts of a reciprocating pump
• a) Piston or plunger
• a piston or plunger that reciprocates in a closely fitted case mostly cylindrical in
shape. For smooth running and long life, piston is provided with piston rings.
• b) Crank and Connecting rod Mechanism
• Reciprocating pump have crank and connecting rod mechanism operated by a power
source. A Reciprocating Power source gives rotary motion to crank. Connecting rod
converts reciprocating motion of Pump into rotational motion, act as a translator.
• c) Suction Pipe

• Liquid enters pump through suction pipe. One end of suction pipe remains dip in the
liquid and another end attached to the inlet of the cylinder.
• d) Delivery pipe
• Liquid is discharged through delivery pipe to its destination. One end of delivery pipe
attached with final destination and other end at discharge point of Reciprocating
pump.
• e) Suction and Delivery valve
• Non- Return Suction and Delivery valves are provided at the suction end and
delivery end respectively i.e. they would not allow movement of fluid in
both directions.
• Suction and Delivery valves are also called as Relief valves.
• f) Cylinder
• Its a hollow case made of Steel Alloy or Cast iron which allow piston to move
in a reciprocating motion inside it.
• g) Air Vessels
• Air Vessels are used at delivery and Suction Pipes to reduce frictional head
and to maintain uniform discharge rate.
• Working
• Power source (i.e. electric engine or i.c motor, and so forth) originally
provide energy to move piston of reciprocating pump.