ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
PRESENTED BY:
PARAG KONWAR
ABHOY KUMAR SING
KAUSHIK PHUKAN
CONTENT
. INNTRODUCTION
• FARADAY‘S EXPERIMENT
• FARADAY’S LAW
• LENZ‘S LAW
• EDDY CURRENT
• SELF INDUCTANCE
• MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
• APPLICATION OF EMI
•
WHAT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION?
• ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION REFERS TO THE GENERATION OF AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT BY PASSING A METAL WIRE THROUGH A MAGNETIC
FIELD
• ELECTROMAGNETIC OR MAGNETIC INDUCTION IS THE PRODUCTION OF
AN ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE ACROSS AN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR
• WHEN AN INDUCED CURRENT IS PRODUCED BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE
PRODUCTION (E.M.F) DUE TO A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD, IT’S CALLED
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
BRIEF HISTORY OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
• IN 1820 , OERSTED FIRST DISCOVERED
THAT A MAGNETIC FIELD IS ALWAYS
ASSOCIATED WITH AN ELCTRIC CURRENT
• IN 1831,AUGUST 29 , FARADAY DISCOVERED
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION BY HIS
FAMOUS
INDUCTION RING EXPERIMENT
FARADAY’S EXPERIMENT - 1
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN A BAR MAGNET AND A
CONDUCTING COIL INDUCES ELECTRIC CURRENT IN THE
CONDUCTING COIL
Observe:
i) When bar magnet was at rest, the galvanometer
showed no deflection
ii) When the bar magnet with its North Pole facing the
coil moved towards the coil, galvanometer showed
deflection, indicating flow of current in the coil
iii) When the bar magnet with its North Pole facing the
coil moved away, galvanometer again showed
deflection but now on opposite direction, indicating
flow of current in the coil but in opposite direction
iv)
IV) THE DEFLECTION OF THE GALVANOMETER
WAS LARGE, WHEN THE BAR MAGNET WAS
MOVED FASTER TOWARDS OR AWAY FROM THE
COIL
V) WHEN THE BAR MAGNET WITH SOUTH POLE
FACING THE COIL WAS BROUGHT NEAR THE
COIL, OR WAS MOVED AWAY FROM THE COIL ,
THE GALVANOMETER SHOWED DEFLECTION IN
THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION AS COMPARED TO
THAT SHOWN WITH THE SIMILAR MOVEMENTS
OF THE MAGNET MENTION IN (II) AND (III)
FARADAY’S EXPERIMENT-2
When the primary circuit is closed
current grows from zero to
maximum value. During this
period changing, current induces
changing magnetic flux across the
primary coil.This changing
magnetic flux is
linked across the secondary coil
and induces e.m.f (current) in the
secondary coil.Induced e.m.f
(current) and hence deflection in
galvanometer lasts only as long as
the current in the primary coil and
hence the magnetic flux in the
secondary coil change.
WHEN THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT IS OPEN CURRENT
DECREASES FROM MAXIMUM VALUE TO ZERO.
DURING THIS PERIOD CHANGING CURRENT
INDUCES CHANGING MAGNETIC FLUX ACROSS
THE
PRIMARY COIL.THIS CHANGING MAGNETIC FLUX
IS LINKED ACROSS THE SECONDARY COIL AND
INDUCES CURRENT (E.M.F) IN THE SECONDARY
COIL.
HOWEVER, NOTE THAT THE DIRECTION OF
CURRENT IN THE SECONDARY COIL IS
REVERSED AND HENCE THE DEFLECTION IN
THE GALVANOMETER IS OPPOSITE TO THE
PREVIOUS CASE.
FARADAY’S LAW S OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
I LAW : WHEN THE FLUX OF MAGNETIC
INDUCTION THROUGH A CIRCUIT IS
CHANGING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE IS
INDUCED IN THE CIRCUIT
II LAW: THE MAGNITUDE OF THE EMF IS
EQUAL TO THE NEGATIVE RATE OF CHANGE
OF THE MAGNETIC FLUX
THIS EQUATION IS KNOWN AS FARADAY’S LAW
OF INDUCTION
LENZ’S LAW:THE DIRECTION OF THE INDUCED EMF OR INDUCED
CURRENT IS SUCH THAT IT OPPOSES THE CHANGE THAT IS
PRODUCING IT.
I.E. IF THE CURRENT IS INDUCED DUE TO MOTION OF THE MAGNET,
THEN THE INDUCED CURRENT IN THE COIL SETS ITSELF TO STOP
THE MOTION OF THE MAGNET.
IF THE CURRENT IS INDUCED DUE TO CHANGE IN CURRENT IN THE
PRIMARY COIL, THEN INDUCED CURRENT IS SUCH THAT IT TENDS
TO STOP THE CHANGE.
ACCORDING TO FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION, INDUCED EMF IN A CLOSED CIRCUIT IS GIVEN BY
LENZ‘S LAW EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NEGATIVE SIGN.
NEGATIVE SIGN SHOWS THAT INDUCED EMF OPPOSES THE RATE OF
CHANGE OF MAGNETIC FLUX IN A CLOSED CIRCUIT. IT WAS
EXPLAINED BY LENZ
CONSIDER A BAR MAGNET MOVING TOWARDS A
CLOSED LOOP . AS THE BAR MAGNET MOVES
TOWARDS THE LOOP, THE MAGNETIC FLUX LINKED
WITH THE LOOP INCREASE
WITH INCREASE IN MAGNETIC FIELD . THEN
INDUCED EMF IS SET UP IN THE CLOSED LOOP
CAUSING INDUCED CURRENT TO FLOW IN THE
LOOP, ACCORDING TO LENZ’S LAW DIRECTION
OF INDUCED CURRENT IN THE LOOP IS ANTI
CLOCK WISE. AND IF THE BAR MAGNET
IS MOVED AWAY FROM THE LOOP CURRENT IN
THE LOOP IS ANTI CLOCK
SOME APPLICATIONS OF EMI
• INDUCTION SEALING
• INDUCTION MOTORS
• ELECTRICAL GENERATORS
• TRANSFORMER
• CONTACTLESS CHARGING OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
• INDUCTION WELDING
THANK YOU
