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evi z 27 m^i 2013

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[iPbv : m^i 2010, cybtgvRb :
m^i 2011]

mv`K I cKvkK : KvRx iwdKzj Avjg KZK AvjvwKZ wgwWqv wjwgUWi c 151/7, Mxb ivW (4_6 Zjv), XvKv-1205 _K cKvwkZ Ges cvBg AvU cm
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9110853, 9123703, gvevBj : 01778945943, dv : 9121730, cv e bs-3024,
E-mail : info@alokitobangladesh.com, alokitobd7@gmail.com, alokitobdad@gmail.com

cQ` : djvbxi kke

Zvjv dUvMvd Aej^b

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m evevi m `k wdiwQj| djvbxK hLb Lye KvQ _K wj Ki nZv Ki weGmGd ZLb Ii eqm
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27 m^i 2013

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[23 m^i, 2013]

Kexi mygb
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h, evsjv`ki GB fQvi bxwZ

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cwZ`vb Avgiv fvM KiwQ fviZxq
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evi evi bvbv NUbvi ga w`q GB
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ai AvQ| hviv Avgv`i iv
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v aviYvB gb nq GiKg GKwU
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fviZ-evsjv`k mxgvi cwiwwZ
h KZ`~i `ytLRbK mUv Avgv`i

27 m^i 2013

cQ` Kvwnbx 5
PvL coe hw` fviZ-cvwKvb
mxgvi w`K ZvKvB| fviZcvwKvbi ew`bi eixZvi
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27 m^i 2013

AvBb I mvwjk K` WKzgUkb BDwbU

Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2013
mxgv msNvZ

wbnZ, wbhvwZZ, AvnZ, AcZ I cZvMZ

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nIqvi mgq djvbxi cibi Kvco AvUK hvq| m fq cq wPrKvi Ki IV| weGmGd Ui cq
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djvbxi evev
byi Bmjvg
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byi Bmjvg: fviZi KzPwenvi Rjvi
ebMv GjvKvq _vKZvg| IB Lvb gyw`
`vKvb KBiwQjvg| GB w`qv msmvi
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byi Bmjvg: 18/20 eQi ai AvmvhvIqv KiZvg| Zq 12/13 eQi ai
eD-cvjvcvb wbqv HLvb _vKv i
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djvbxi gZz i ci GLb Zviv 5
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m `vKvb`vwiZ mvnvh KiZ|
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byi Bmjvg: gqK weq `qvi Rb
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byi Bmjvg: GKevi djvbxK wbqv
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gvbvBwQj| Avi nvZ wQj mvbvi iwj
(Pzwo)| weqvi Rb w`wQjvg| Kvb
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GLb Avi hvgy bv| Zviv gvBbjvB
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_vBKv WvKvB AvBbv nvZ aBiv
gBqi Dci ZzjQ|
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byi Bmjvg: gB wQj 3Uv| GKUv
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c_g Avgvi DVvBqv w`Q `vjvjiv|
Avwg Zv DVvBqv cvo nBqv AvwQ
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`vjvj gqi DVvB w`Q| DVvq
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DVvB `qvi ci m GKUz KuvcZ
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m Iobv jvMwQj| G mgq evev evev
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Ici|
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byi Bmjvg: c_g gB cvi nBqv wZxq
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AvjgMxi: weGmGd m`miv KZ`~i
wQj? ILvb `vjvj`i Kvbv wKQz

27 m^i 2013

cQ` Kvwnbx 7
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wj KBiv me kl KBiv w`j| Avi
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weGmGd w`q Avgvi gqK gviQ|
`vjvj Avi weGmGd wgjvB GB KvRUv
KiQ| weGmGd Avgv`i GKUv K_v
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AvjgMxi: wji ci ILvb Avcwb
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byi Bmjvg: aib 10/15 wgwbU ILvb
wQjvg| wji m m Avgiv `yRbB
evc-gq wPjvb w`qv DVwQ| wPjvb w`qv
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DVZ i Ki| Avwg ZviciI 3 b^i
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KBZwQjvg gv Zzwg Lvwj GB w`K
AvI, bvgv| Avgvi Zv ZLb Avi m
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Avgvi gq UjZvQ ZLb Avwg mwilv
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nBqv GKUv gqK QvBov AvmZ
cvwi! ZLb Avgvi Qvgv (Qvqv) `BLj
AvgvKI wj KBiv djvq| Avgvi
Zv AviI evPv-KvPv AvQ|
AvjgMxi: Avcwb hLb Pj Avmb
ZLb wK djvbxi `n IBfve
Svjvbv wQj? hLvb _K Zvi `nwU
bvgvbv nq?
byi Bmjvg: KqK w`b ch Avwg Zv
emi gZb wQjvg| ci fvjvfve
gb KBiv `Ljvg Avwg hLb Avwm
ZLb gq Avgvi 2q gBqi gvSvgvwS
wQj| wK ci `wL Avgvi djvbxi
nvii gZvb SzjvBqv ivLQ| gq
Zv Avgvi ILvb wQj bv| ZvK
KuvUvZvii eKvbv nji m
Svjvq ivLQ| wK Avgvi gq Zv
gvSLvb wQj| weGmGdiv Avgvi
gqK gvBiv JLvb SzjvB w`Q|
AvjgMxi: djvbx nZvi Rb `vqx`i
wei wK Pvb Avcwb?
byi Bmjvg : Avgvi gqK GZ KvQ
_K cvwLi gZvb wj KBiv gviQ|
Avwg mB Awgq Nvli duvwm PvB| Avi
hviv Avgvi gq givi ci Mi-QvMji
gZvb nvZ-cv evB`v wbqv MQ|
jvbv KiQ Zv`i Dchy wePvi Avwg

27 m^i 2013

PvB|
AvjgMxi: weGmGdi h wePvi i
nqwQj Zv wKfve Rvbjb?
byi Bmjvg: GB K_v bwQ Avwg
wewRwei KvQ _vBKv| wewRwe Zv
AvgvMv me Lei `q| KLb Kvb ne
bv ne me LeiB cvB|
AvjgMxi: Avcbviv hLb gvgjvi mvx
w`Z Mjb wKfve Mjb, Kv_vq
Mjb, Kgb Ki mvx w`jb?
byi Bmjvg: wewRwe AvgvMv Lei w`jv
Zzwg Avi djvbxi gvgv Ave`yj nvwbd
djvbx nZvi gvgjvq fviZ hvBZ
jvMev| 13 ZvwiL wePvi i ZLb
hvBZ ne| 13 ZvwiL bjvg AvgvMv
hvBZ ne 18 (m^i) ZvwiL| 17
ZvwiL KzwoMvg wewRwe Kv
MwQjvg| 18 ZvwiL Avgiv iIbv
w`wQ| fviZ Avgiv 18 ZvwiL wMqv
cuQvBwQ| fviZ hvevi ci Ggb Pvc
w`qv ivLQ| Kviv mv_ Kvbv K_v
ejZ `q bv| hvB nvK cii w`b 19
ZvwiL Avgv`i KvU wbqv Mjv|
mLvb mvx w`jvg| Awgq Nvli
wei mvx w`jvg|
AvjgMxi: wePvii Av`vjZ Kgb
wQj? wePviK Ges DwKj Kviv wQj?
byi Bmjvg: weGmGd Avgvi gqK
gviQ Avi IB KvUi mevB
weGmGd| DwKjI weGmGd|
Avgv`i mvaviY gvbyl KDB bvB|
Avi mBLvb weGmGdi wei mvx
w`Z nBZvwQjv| Avwg Zv WivB
MwQjvg| weGmGd `BLj Zv fq
jvM| Kbbv Avgvi gqK H
weGmGdG gvBiv dvjvBQ| GB
RBb fvjvfve mvxI w`Z cvwi
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RBb mvx `qvi RBb MwQ|
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Avgv`i Mwie msmvii Lvevi Ki
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AbK hgb GLbI hvq| Afvei
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nK Lvj` Ges cvewjK cwmwKDUi
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Avevnvg
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wQj?
byi Bmjvg: Zviv wKQzB ej bvB|
ejZI `qv nq bvB| Zviv ay
AvgvMv m MQb Avi AvBQb| ay
AvgviB 3/4 Nv gyLRevwb wbP|
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Lye fq fq Avgvi KvbUv Avevi KBiv
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w`Z cvwi bvB| Avgv`i h DwKj

PvLi mvgb wbRi

gqK Lyb nZ `LQb|
byi Bmjvg wK Kvbvw`b
GB fqi wZi Kej
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mvBe MwQj, wmI mvBe MwQj Zviv

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Avi Avgvi kvjvi mvx| Zq mvx
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KBQ| Av`vjZ Kvbv Kvg ZvMv
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myhvMI `q bvB K_v ejvi|
AvjgMxi: mB mvx `qvi Zv ivq
nDjv Avcwb wK gb Kib GB ivqi
evcvi?
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gqK Lyb KiQ| Avgvi mvgb wj
KiQ| mB Awgq Nvl eKmyi Lvjvm
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bvB| Awgq Nvl wbRB KBQ m wj
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nq| Ggb wePvi Rxeb `wL bvB|
AvgvMv wmI MBQ, DwKj mvBe
MBQ ZvMv Zv Kvbv gyLRevwb bq
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GKUv KZv eBjZ `q bvB| GUv Zv
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nBj Zbmb mgvb nq|
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K_v ejQ fviZi weGmGd
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wKfve Gjb?
z evwK Ask 13 cvq

27 m^i 2013

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27 m^i 2013

z wKixwU ivq

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27 m^i 2013

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27 m^i 2013

M 13
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mvnvh KiQ| wK GB w`Ki K_v
fe hviv eBwU wKbQb Zviv nZvk
nq _vKZ cvib, KviY Avgvi
Aevi gv MvUv `yB DjL iqQ
GLvb| gnvweki BwZnvm wQj
eBwUi j, Avwg bB|
GUvI ejv nqQ h e jvK
Avmj bv coB Zv`i eBqi ZvK
ev Kwd Uwej mvwRq ivLZ eBwU
wKbQb| GUv NUQ ej Avwg
wbZ, wK Avwg GUv Rvwb h AZ
wKQz gvbyl Av wed wnw Ae UvBg-G
c`PviYv KiQb| GgbwK GLbI
ivR ck ev wevwiZ gemn fwi
fwi wPwV cvB Avwg hUv BwZ Ki h
jLKiv eBwU coQb, cyivUv bv
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27 m^i 2013

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GWgy mvj
z 16 cvi ci

Kibwb| Avmj wPv wKfve wewfb

welq wbq wPv Ki mB ewi K_vB
ejv nQ| Gi Abyev` nZ cvi
wPvew| wK ebZvbvi gbvwe`v
msv wPvfvebvi chvjvPbvi ga
w`q hnZy aviYvwUi De mB
BwZnvmi wP ai ivLvi Rb Avgiv
BbUbkvbvwjwUi Abyev` KiwQ
gbvew|
msc `yRb wKfve gbvewK
`yfve evLv KiQb mUv LvwbK
awiq `qv hvK| ebZvbvi KvQ
gbvew nQ me mgqB gbi mvgb
wKQy bv wKQyK wicRU ev nvwRi
Kiv| gbi mvgb h Kvbv welqi
DcwwZB ebZvbvi KvQ gbvew|
mvj aviYvwUK AviI gReyZ Kiviv
Rb ejjb, welqK gb wbRi KvQ
ay h nvwRi Ki Zv bv, GKB m
welqK GKwU bewKZvI `vb
Ki| A_vr gbvew bewKZv
`vbKvix wqv (objectifying act)|
bewKZv `vb Kievi KvRUv Kgb?
Zviv gb ev wPvi ga weivR KijI
Zviv h AvQ mB wbqZvUyKI
y gb
ev wPv `vb Ki| Avgiv hLb Kvbv
wKQy fvwe ZLb fvebvi welq mK
bvbvb aviYv I cZq Mo Zywj| welq
ZLb ZMZ ic ARb Ki| MvQi
fvebv MvQi aviYv ev MvQi Z,
eBqi fvebv eBqi Z, cvnvo, b`x
mgy` BZvw`i aviYv Zv`i Z
BZvw`| mvj GLvb _vgbwb| wZwb
ejQb, welq mK ZMZ
mPZbZvB Kej bewKZv `vbi
KvR bq| Ggb AbK wKQyB Avgiv
fvwe hv`i ZMZ ic `uvo KivZ
ne Ggb Kvbv K_v bvB| hgb
Avgv`i BQv, AvKvv, Kvgbvevmbv, ivM-Awfgvb, fqfxwZ
BZvw`| mBme KLbI Avevi
KLbI AI nZ cvi| welq
wnme gb hLb GBmei D`q NU
ZLbI ZvK Avgiv bewKZv `vb
Kwi| mewKQyKB mvj gbi mPZb
bewKZv `vbKvix wqv ev gbi
mPZb ZMZ wbixYi Af
y
MY KiQb| Avi, GKB m
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hLb fvwe ZLb MvQi wekl wKQy w`K
wbq fvwe, MvQi Ab AviI AbK
w`K GB fvevfvwei Af
y bvI
_vKZ cvi| mBw`Kjv ms ev
jyKvbv _K hvZ cvi, wK MvQK
Avgv`i bvbvbfve Dcjw, MvQi
AwfZv I MvQ wbq fvebv, `~iKvQ wewfbfve wewfb w`K _K
MvQK `Lv BZvw` meB welq wnme
MvQ ev GKUv wP ev `vM nqB gb
ev wPvq nvwRi _vK| mB `vM ai
Avgiv AbycwZ Ab w`KjvI
hgb nvwRi KiZ cvwi, bZyb
Dcjw, AwfZv ev fvebvI Zvi
m hvM KiZ cvwi| wPi meUvB
Avgv`i gb aiv co Zv bq| aiv
cojI gb hLb mB wP welq nq
D`q nq, ZLb meUv wbq Avgiv fvwe
bv| fvwe ZZvUyKBy hZvUyKy wPv
mBmgq welq wnme wbRi mvgb
nvwRi Ki|
welq wKfve gb D`q nq ev

27 m^i 2013

z gvwUb nBWMvi

wKfve wPv wewfb welq wbq wPv

Ki mB w`K ebZvbv Avi mvji
`kbK avweZ Kievi c_ ai
nBWMvi GB wPvjvB AviI
cwiQb Ki Zvjb| gbvewi
aviYvK AviI mvd Ki nBWMvi
ZvK bvbv Aevi evLv Kivi KvR
mnR GwMq hZ ciQb| GB
c_ ai meZ nBWMvi h gwjK
KvRUv KiQb mUv nvj nvwZqvii
aviYv| wPvi welq hvK wPv
bewKZv `vb Ki ZvK wPv
wbR Avevi wPvi nvwZqvi wnmeI
eenvi Ki| K_vUv hZ mijfve
ejjvg AZ mij wbqB bq| wK
GZvUyKy hw` Avgiv Abygvb ev Av`vR
KiZ cvwi Zvnj cvvZi `kbi
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hve| Avkv Kwi|
wPvkxj Aaqb eBwU eivevi
ci ciB ^xKwZ cqwQj mUv `vwe
Kiv hve bv| h Kvbv gwjK
iPbvi gZvB gvbyli eySZ mgq
jMwQj| Ze MwYZ WwfW
wnjevU (1862-1943) mvji
KvRi Zvrch eBwU eivevi cvq
m mB eySwQjb| wnjevU ZLb
MwUbMb wekwe`vjq MwYZ
covQb| IB wekwe`vjq mvjK
mnKvix AavcKi `vwqZ `qvi
mycvwik Kijb wZwb, mvj ivwR nq
GB `vwqZwU wbjb| mUv 1901
mvji NUbv| MwUbMb wekwe`vjqi
mgqUvB mvji Rxeb Avb``vqK
ce| cvvZ `kbi Av`vjbi
K`we`yZ Pj Gjb wZwb Ges
Ges Ggb GKwU Rvbvj mv`bv i
Kijb hvi welq Zvi wbRiB wPv I
MelYv|

mvj ZiY`i K_v bZb, GUv

Zvi eo Y| GgbwK Zvi
mgvjvPbvI KiZ w`Zb wZwb|
Abi K_v kvbvi AvwiKZvI wQj
Zvi| Zvi wbRi jLvi wecyj
cwigvRbvI KiQb wZwb kli
w`K| GB cwigvRbvi dj wnme
1913 mvji w`K eivq we
welqwe`vi aviYv Ges welqwe`vRvZ
`kb (Ideas for a Pure
Phenomenology
and
a
Phenomenological Philosophy)|

GB eBwU mvaviYZ AvBwWqvm 1

bvg LvZ| Gici mvji gZz i ci
AviI `yUv L ewiqwQj| Ze GB
chvq, AbK `vwe Kib,
cKwZwevbi h wwiU wbq
welqwe`v Mo DVwQj mvji wPv
mLvb _K `~i mi GmQ I
fveev`x Pwi MnY Ki|

dBeyM wekwe`vjq cyivcywi cdmi

wnme mvj hvM`vb Kib 1916
mvji w`K| GB kniB wZwb
Aavcbv Rxeb _K Aemi bqvi
ci emevm KiZ _vKb| GB mgqB
Zvi Rvbvj wZwb gvwUb nBWMvii
weLvZ AvQ nIqvi gvb I mgq
(Being and Time) msv m`f
Qvcvb| QcwQjb Avb`i mB,
Zvi ^fvegvwdK J`vh| Ze Qv
gvwUb nBWMvii GB KvR Lye m
nbwb mvj| nBWMvii eBwUi
gvwRb wZwb AbK ge KiwQjb,
mB ge _KB Zvi ALywki K_v
evSv hvq| GUv wVK h gvwUb
nBWMvii nvZ ebZvbv I mvj
m~Y bZybfve nvwRi nqQb|
`kbi `ievi welqwe`v wnme hv
Mo DVwQj hLb welqwe`v wbRi

^ic wbq `uvovjv ZLb wPv wbRi

mvefg RMr wbqB `uvovjv, cKw Z
wevbi ev cZ AwfZvi wevb
PPvi cwZ I cKiYi kLjv ARb
Kij wVKB, wK gbvwe`vi
cwigji fZi Avi Af
y iBj
bv| wbRi cvqi IciB welqwe`v
GKvji `kbi ic nq wKfve
`uvovj mUv evSvi Rb ebZvbvmvj-nBWMvi nq wPvi GB
cwigY ZvrchcY~ | Gi Ici bRi
ivLv `iKvi|
RvgvwbZ 1933 mvji w`K
bvrwm`i gZvivnY dBeyM
wekwe`vjq `vkwbK wnme GWgy
mvji K`xq fwgKvi Aemvb
NUvq| Gi ciI wZwb eZv,
AvjvPbv I `k-we`ki YMvnx`i
m mvvrKvii ga w`q Zvi
fwgKv cvjb Ki MQb h_vmva|
GB mgq Zvi gavex wkl BDMb
wd
(1905-1975)
ZvK
AvwiKfve mnvqZv Kib| Awqv
1935-Gi w`K bvrwm`i AwaKvi
wQj bv| GB mgq wfqbvq eZv
`qvi AvgY MnY Kijb mvj|
GB kniB wZwb cvq Avav kZvx
AvM ebZvbvi Qv wQjb| GKB
eQii kli w`K wfqbv _K
AviKwU kni cvMI ek KwU eZv
`b GWgy| IB eZvjvZI Zvi
mybvg AviI Qovq| GB mgqUvZB
wPvi wZwb AviKwU eo KvR
KiZ mg nb| bvbv BDivcxq
wevbkvi weKvki ga w`qI
`vkwbK A_ h mU aiv cowQj
mBme wbq cKvk Kib Zvi
AviKwU weLvZ eB BDivcxq
wevbKjvi mU I wbjwKK
welqwe`v (The Crisis of European
Sciences and Transcendental
Phenomenology) | eo KvRi ga

GUvB Zvi kl KvR| Gi jLvjv

1936 mvji w`K cKvwkZ nZ i
Ki| kl Rxeb ek AmyL fyM
wQjb Ges gviv hvb 1938 mvji 27
Gwcj|
GWgy mvj mK GB njv
msw GKwU cwiwPwZ| Gicii
wKwZ Avgiv evsjv fvlvq `vkwbK
cwifvlv wbq wKQy K_v eje| g~jZ
ebZvbv I mvjK wbqB| Ici
Logical Investigation eBwUi
Abyev` KiwQ wPvkxj Aaqb| hviv
AvwiK fve `kb cvV Kib Zv`i
Rb GUv ck Zwi KiZ cvi| mvj
GB eBZ jwRK wbq AvjvPbv
KiQb, wK wVK jwRK ev hywwe`v
Zvi welq wQj bv, Zvi welq wQj
wPv| Avi jwRKvj ejZ evcKv_
wZwb wPvkxjZvB eywSqQb, hwK
evSvbwb| dj Gi Abyev` hwK
A^lY bq|
evsjvq Abyev` Kivi ga w`qB
Avgv`i mvabv ne evsjv fvlvi
^fvei ga _K mB fvlvi
evBii avbaviYv AvZ Kiv, hvZ
ZvK Avgiv gvKvwejv KiZ cvwi|
GB cvivUvB ej `e evsjv fvlvq
`kb PPvi gZv Avgiv Av` ARb
KiwQ wKbv|
bvwK e_v gY fgj ! ! F

bMi Rbvq, eo nq
Ges gi... Avgv`i
fvebvi Pq
ZvovZvwoB gi|
AvRKi KjKvZv
`Lj evSv KwVb
100 eQi AvMi
chUKiv Kb
KjKvZvK weki
AbZg k bMi
fveZ... myqRi c~e
kZg... wewUk
ivRgyKz Ui Abb nxiv
BZvw`| gvbweK
DrKZvi wb`kb GB
kniK h ZLwb AmyL
wNi aiQ mUv wK
Zviv `Lwb? bv, GKUv
mgqKvj AvQ
wbwZfveB hZY
wechq cKvk nq bv|
Avgiv ZvB 1940-50
`kK gZzi
jYjvi `qvj
wjLb `LZ cvBwb
Av`|

16 avivevwnK
wPvi Lmov 6

GWgy mvj

dinv` gRnvi
Kwe, `vkwbK|
DjLhvM M :
Gev`Zbvgv,
fvev`vjb,
gvKvwejv

dvbrR ebZvbvi (1813-1917)

cZ wevbi `wfw _K
gbvwe`v (Psychology from an
Empirical Standpoint) eBwU bvbv
KviY wPvi BwZnvm weklZ
gbvwe`v I `kb ac`x KvR
wnme ^xKZ| AbK KviYi ga
GKwU iZcY~ , KviY nQ GB eBwU
GKRb MwYZi QvK `kb AvMnx
Ki ZyjwQj| GB ZiYi bvg
GWgy mvj| GB AvMn NUwQj
ejB GWgy mvj welqwe`vi
Mvovi KvRjv KiZ Abycv wYZ
nqwQjb| wZwb `kbi RMZ
welqwe`vi cwZvZv wnme LvZ|
ebZvbvi covevi aib ZiY`i
`viY AbycvwYZ KiZ cviZ|
weklZ wZwb bZyb bZyb ck ZyjZ
cviZb, Avi mB ck jv Qv`i
fveZ eva KiZ| wPv PPvi Rb hv
Lye djcm~ cwZ| GWgy mvjI
ebZvbvi eZvq gy nqB `kb
AvMnx nqwQjb| gvwUb nBWMvi
RvwbqQb MwYZ Qvov GWgy `kbi
wKQyB Gi AvM cobwb| nqZv
ivvq `kb mK QyUKv wKQy eB ev
`kbi AavcK`i jLv wKQy cvV
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eZv kvbvi AvM GWgy mvj Zvi
aviKvQI wQjb bv|
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cwievi, wK 1886 mvji w`K
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wL ag `xv wbqwQjb| weLvZ
MwYZwe` Kvj wfqivm (18151897) Avi wjI KwbMm&evMvii
(1837-1921) KvQ wZwb MwYZ

cob| GWgy y ji cvV mv Ki

jvBcwRM, evwjb Avi wfqbv
wekwe`vjq covkvbv Kib| wfqbv
wekwe`vjq _K MwYZ wWwM bb
1882 mvj| Gi cii eQiB
1883 mvj f nq cob
ebZvbvi|
mgqUv iZc~Y| Gi AvMI
Avgiv AvjvPbv KiwQ h GUv Ggb
GKUv mgq hLb cKw Z wevbi
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nq IV Zvnj `kbi Avi Kx
`iKvi? K_vUv AbfveI ejv hvq :
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GKgv c_ nq Zvnj ay `kb Kb,
agiI ev Avi cqvRb wK? wevbB
Zv Avgv`i Rxebi me cki Di
w`Z mg| GB ck Avgiv GKvjI
wb| `kbi Rb G wQj GK wekvj
Pvj| GKBfve agi RbI|
Avgiv GLb `kbi bZyb igigvi hyM
evcviUv mnR Dcjw KiZ cvie
bv| GUvI AbK eySZ cvib bv
wevb I KrKkji hLvb
RqRqKvi mLvb ag wdi AvmQ
Kb? Mj`Uv Kv_vq? GK wK ay
Av_mvgvwRK eveZv w`q evLv Kiv
me? ejv nq _vK, gvbyl Mwie Avi
wbcxwoZ ej ag Avkq bq| GUv
AvswkK mZ nZ cvi, wK mUv
mgvRK evLv Ki welq wnme
agK wPvi RvqMv _K evLv Ki
bv| agi Av_mvgvwRK evLv ev

dinv` gRnvi
A_bxwZev`x Di Zv wPvi w`K
_K Av_mvgvwRK evLv wnme
MnYhvM, wK `vkwbK evLv wnme
bq| ag wPviB GKwU aib, wPvi
ga wPviB GKwU welq nq nvwRi
nq| wPvi gaB agi cZveZbi
Di LuvRv `iKvi AvQ| LuvRvi
`iKvi AvQ GUv wK Av` cZveZb,
bvwK Avgiv bZzb Kvbv welqi
gvKvwejv KiwQ| GK mgq cKw Z
wevbi `vnvB w`q agi wbi_KZv
cgvY KvR nqQ, GLb nQ bv|
neI bv| KviY cKw Z wevb Zvi
wbRi wfw wKsev Zvi mU wbq hLb
chvjvPbv KiZ PvBQ ZLb ZvK
`kbiB vi nZ nQ| evsjv`k
wevb I `kb Dfqi PPvB `yej
ej
GB aibi cki iZ Avgiv
ZvovZvwo aiZ cvie bv|
cKw Zwevb gvbyli wPv _K DZ

me cki mgvavb w`Z mg bq,

GgbwK Zvi wbRi wfw mK
cwiQb aviYv jvf KiZ nj wbRi
cwigj _K evBi Gm wPv
wKfve wPv Ki, wPvi ga wKfve
wewfb welqi D`q NU ZvK
evwbKfve wePvii gZv ARbi
WvK co| mB WvK wevbi wevb
nIqvi WvK| A_vr GKvji `kb
welqwe`viB WvK|
ebZvbvi cfve mvj Dcjw
KiZ _vKb MwYZ Zvi AvMni
welq bq, Zvi AvKzwZ `kb| iwkl wnme `yBRbi mK fvjv
wQj ejv hve bv| MwYZ mvj wQjb
wm, wK mvji cfve Zvi `kb
fvebvq h Avjvob ZyjwQj ZvZ
wZwb AbK bZyb bZyb wPv ev A`w
wbq ii KvQ GjI i ZvK Lye
GKUv cvv w`Zb bv| mvji
RxebxKviiv RvwbqQb, ZiY mvj
Lye mse`bkxj wQjb| dj ii
Aev ZvK cvqB nZvk Ki ZzjZ|
hme
Qviv
BDivci
wekwe`vjq Zv`i DPZi covkvbv
kl Ki AviI ckv`vwi wkv
Pvwjq hZ PvBZ Zv`i Rb GKwU
wbqg wQj h hvi KvQ coQ wZwb
QvovI Ab KviI KvQ wMq Kvbv
wekl welq MelYvc Zwi Kiv|
wkv cwZvbi ksLjvi ga _KB
mUv KiZ nZv| ebZvbv mvjK
coZ cvVvjb Kvj vi (18481936) KvQ| vi m mvji
ewbebv njv fvjv| MwYZi msLv
wbq mvj KvR Kijb| KvRi dj
wnme mvji c_g iZc~Y
`vkwbK eB cvwUMwYZi `kb
(Philosophy

GWgy mvj hyMcr

`vkwbK I
MwYZwe`| wek
kZKi wPvi bZzb
cvb dbgbjwRi
cwZvZv

of

Arithmetic)

cKvwkZ njv 1891 mvj| GB ZiY

eqmI mvj ^c `LZb wZwb `kb
wbq h KvR Kieb ZvZ `kbi
Av`jB e`j hve| Zvi AvMi me
`kbB cyivbv wPvi bgybv nq DVe|
Avi, Avmj, NUwQjI ZvB|
1887 _K 1901 mvj Aewa
GWgy nvj wekwe`vjq wkKZv
Kijb| wkKZvi GB KvjUv Zvi
wbRi m jovBq KvUj| KviY
cvqB nZvk nq `kb PPv Qo `qvi
K_v fveZb| wK fvM fvjv,

Qvobwb| GB fvevfvwei gaB

1900-1901-Gi w`K wZwb evgv
dvwUq w`jb| `yB L cKvwkZ njv
Zvi weLvZ eB wPvkxj Aaqb
(Logical Investigation)| wZxq
msiY eivjv 1913 Avi 1921
mvj| mvwZKKvji BwZnvm GB
eBwU `kbi gv_v _K cv Aewa
eomo SvuKwy b w`qQ, mB w`K _K
GB eBqi cKvk hyMvKvix| mvj
welqwe`vi w`K _K `kbi wVK
Kv_vq bRi wbc KiZ ne mB
`w Zx KiZ ciwQjb| Zvi GB
Mvovi KvRi KviYB gvwUb
nBWMvii Avwefve Awbevh nq
DVwQj| ZiY nBWMvii wPv
Mo IVvi GB eBwUi cfve
Ab^xKvh| Avi GB eBqi ci
_KB `kb dbgbjwR ev
welqwe`v wnme wbRi ^ic `vwe
Ki AvZcKvk NUvZ i Kij| Gi
AvM Avgiv ejwQ nMjI `kbi
cwifvlv wnme dbgbjwR K_vUv
eenvi KiQb, Zvi eenvi mvj I
cieZxKvj Mo IVv welqwe`vi
aviYv _K Avjv`v|
weLvZ MwYZwe` Mwjqe dM
mvji cvwUMwYZi `kb (1891)
eBwUi mgvjvPbv KiwQjb|
AbKi `vwe, wPvkxj Aaqb
dMi mgvjvPbvi viv wjwLZ Ges
mB w`K _K cfvweZ| dMi
cZ ev civfve Zvjv Avcwi
Reve wnmeB wPvkxj Aaqb eBwU
mvj wjLQb|
wPvkxj Aaqb-Gi c_g L
gvbyli wPvK gb gvKv aviYv
w`q weklY I evSvi mgvjvPbv|
BsiwRZ
GK
ejv
nq
mvBKvjwRRg (pasychologism)|
GB cwZi Abygvb nQ Avgv`i
hywZK wePvi ev hv wKQyKB Avgiv
wPv ewj ZvK gb ev mB mgqi
gbvwe`vi avbaviYv w`q evLv Kiv
me| gb w`q wPvK evLv
Kivi iIqvR mB mgq ek Rbwcq
wQj| eBqi evwK Aski ga iqQ
c_g fvlv ev fvlv Qvov Abvb
wPeev mK mvji MelYv|
mvj fvlv I fvlv Qvov wP eevi
h weklY nvwRi KiwQjb Zvi
chvjvPbvi ga w`qB RvK `wi`vi
Avwefve NU| `wi`vi wPvkxjZvi
PPv AwewbgvY (Deconstruction)
bvg LvZ| Mvovq hLb mUv nvwRi
nq ZLb Zvi c_g kwkvjx c`kb
NU mvji wPvkxj Aaqb eBqi
chvjvPbv Ki| `wi`vi iPbvwUi
bvg, ejv I welq : Ges mvji
wPZ m^ Acivci iPbv
(1967)|
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27 m^i 2013