Structural Design of Swimming Pools

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO.
(SB-06)
SAADIYAT ISLAND, ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Structural Design of Swimming Pools

09 Aug. 2010 Page 1 of 12

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SWIMMING POOLS

Section Page
1. Introduction 2
2. Geotechnical Design Data 3
2.1 Site Condition and Recommendation 3
3. Design Criteria 3
3.1 Design Loading 3
3.2 Load Combinations 4
3.3 Materials 4
3.4 Concrete Cover 5
3.5 Crack Control 5
3.6 Codes and Standards 5
4. Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab 6
5. Check of Early Thermal Cracking 11
6. Check Soil Bearing Capacity 12


09 Aug. 2010 Page 2 of 12

1. Introduction
This design calculation shall cover the structural design of the swimming pools structures
for BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT (SB-06), SAADIYAT ISLAND.
This design calculation shall cover the following swimming pools:
No. Structure Name
Approximate
Length
Approximate
Width
Water
Depth
1 Garden Villa Swimming Pool 4.25 3.60 1.10
2 Royal Garden Villa Swimming Pool Type 1 9.00 3.00 1.10
3 Royal Garden Villa Swimming Pool Type 2 4.20 3.00 1.10
4 Swimming Pool Type 1 30.00 15.60 0.90 / 1.40
5 Swimming Pool Type 2 21.50 11.00 1.00
6 Swimming Pool Type 3 Length & Width are Varied 0.90
7 Cabana Plunge Pool Length & Width are Varied 0.90
8 Kid's Pool Length & Width are Varied 0.45
9 Ryad Single Story Villa Swimming Pool 4.00 3.00 1.10
10 Ryad Double Story Villa Swimming Pool 4.60 2.00 1.10


09 Aug. 2010 Page 3 of 12

2. Geotechnical Design Data
2.1 Site Condition and Recommendation
Since there is no available information about the site condition, the soil bearing capacity
shall be assumed 50kN/m
2
. The foundation designs will be verified against the data and
recommendations received from the soil investigations.
3. Design Criteria
3.1 Design Loading
3.1.1 Dead Load
The following densities and dead load allowances will be adopted in the design of the
structural elements:
Density of Reinforced Concrete 25.0 kN/m
3

Density of Unreinforced Concrete 23.0 kN/m
3
Density of Soil 20.0 kN/m
3

Submerged Density of Concrete 10 KN/m
3

Submerged Density of Soil 10 KN/m
3
3.1.2 Super Imposed Load
The following super imposed dead loads shall be taken into account:
Floor Finishes 1.5 KN/m
2

Services 1.0 KN/m
2

3.1.3 Live Load
The following live loads shall be taken into account:
Loading Bay 7.50 KN/m
2

Sand load shall be additive to live loads when area under consideration is used as
a work area. A 0.75 kN/m
2
load shall be used in design of slabs.
3.1.4 Earth Pressure
For the design of earth retaining structural elements, the earth pressure will be
determined as follows:
Ka (active earth pressure) = 1sin / 1+sin = 0.33 (used for check of stability)
Kp (passive earth pressure) = 1+sin / 1-sin = 3.0
Ko (at rest pressure) = 1-sin = 0.50 (used for design of section)
Where is angle of internal friction, and it is equal to 30
.


09 Aug. 2010 Page 4 of 12

3.2 Load Combinations
3.2.1 Ultimate Limit State
Ultimate Limit State Combinations
ULS_01 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.2 EP + 1.4 WP + 1.2 T

3.2.2 Serviceability Limit State
SLS_01 1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 EP + 1.0 WP + 1.0 T

Legend:
DL Dead Load
LL Live/Imposed
EP Earth Pressure
WP Water Pressure
T Uniform Temperature

3.3 Materials
All materials shall conform to the applicable standards as stated herein or as specified in
the performance specification.
3.3.1 Concrete
The following concrete grades and properties shall be used:
Concrete Grade Structural Element Characteristic
Strength fcu
Modulus of Elasticity
C40/20 All Structural Elements 40 N/mm
2
28 KN/mm
2

C20/20 Blinding / Mass Concrete 20 N/mm
2
20 KN/mm
2

3.3.2 Reinforcing Steel
Hot rolled reinforcement to BS 4449: 1997 will be specified with the following properties:
Type Designation Yield Strength Modulus of Elasticity
Mild Steel R 250 N/mm
2
200 KN/mm
2

High Yield Deformed Type 2 T 460 N/mm
2
200 KN/mm
2


09 Aug. 2010 Page 5 of 12

3.4 Concrete Cover
Element Exposure Min. Cover
Raft

Earth Faces
Other Faces
75mm
50mm

Retaining Walls Earth Faces
Exposed to Weather

60mm
40mm

Water Tank Walls

Water Faces
Other Faces
50mm
40mm

3.5 Crack Control
For retaining aqueous liquids structures a maximum crack width of 0.20 mm shall be
adopted; crack width shall be calculated to BS8007.

3.6 Codes and Standards
BS 8007 Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous Liquids
BS 8110 Structural Use of Concrete
BD 28 Early Thermal Cracking in Concrete


09 Aug. 2010 Page 6 of 12

4. Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab
The maximum water depth = 1.40 m.
The water pressure = 10 * 1.40 = 14.0 kN/m
Service Moment due to water pressure = 0.50 * 14 * 1.40 * 1.40 / 3
= 4.57 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to water pressure = 1.40 * 4.57
= 6.43 kN.m

The maximum wall height = 1.60 m.
The at rest earth pressure due to soil = 0.50 * 20 * 1.60 = 16.0 kN/m
The at rest earth pressure due to surcharge = 0.50 * 7.50 = 3.75 kN/m
Service Moment due to earth pressure = 0.50 * 16.0 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 3 +
3.75 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 2
Service Moment due to earth pressure = 6.90 + 4.80
= 11.70 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to earth pressure = 1.20 * 11.70
= 14.00 kN.m
Ground water table is lower the base slab so NO bending moment on the base slab due
to the water weight.


09 Aug. 2010 Page 7 of 12

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section
According to BS8110
Part Title :- Design of Vertical Wall

1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m ) Notations :
M ULT 14 Kn.m M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.

2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel
f
cu

40 N/mm2 f
cu
= Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fy 420 N/mm2 fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
b 1000 mm b = Width of rectangular section.
h 360 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 290 mm d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T16-175) 1142 mm2 As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.

3. Steps of Design
z 276 mm z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.
Mu1 115 Kn.m Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).

Mu capacity 115 Kn.m Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.
As min. 540 mm2

Mu capacity > Mult As provided is OK
As provided > As min. As provided is OK


09 Aug. 2010 Page 8 of 12

Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110
( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone )
Part Title :- Design of Vertical Wall

1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m ) Notations :
M
DL
6.90 Kn.m M
DL
= Service bending moment due to dead load.
M
LL
4.80 Kn.m M
LL
= Service bending moment due to live load.

2. Properties of Materials
Fcu 40 N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.
Es 210000 N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Allowable Crack Width 0.20 mm

3. Properties of Section
b 1000 mm b = Width of section.
d 290 mm
d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.
As 1142 mm2 As = Area of tension reinforcement.

16 mm
= Bar diameter.

s 175 mm s = Spacing between steel bars.
Cnom 50 mm Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.

4. Calculations of crack width
Ec 34000 N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
n 12.35 n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
dc 77.44 mm dc = depth of concrete in compression.
Inv 7.922E+08 mm4 Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section.
M 11.70 Kn.m M = Total service bending moment.
s
38.78 N/mm2
s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.
s
1.85E-04
s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.
1
2.45E-04
1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone

neg. concrete effect in tension.
m
0.00E+00
m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile zone

Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr
96.98 mm acr = distance from the crack point considered
to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.

Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) = 0.000 mm
Safe of crack width


09 Aug. 2010 Page 9 of 12

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section
According to BS 8110
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab

1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m ) Notations :
M ULT 14 Kn.m M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.

2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel
f
cu

40 N/mm2 f
cu
= Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fy 420 N/mm2 fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
b 1000 mm b = Width of rectangular section.
d 170 mm d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T12-175) 645 mm2 As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.

3. Steps of Design
z 162 mm z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.

Mu capacity 38 Kn.m Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.
As min. 375 mm2

Mu capacity > Mult As provided is OK
As provided > As min. As provided is OK


09 Aug. 2010 Page 10 of 12

Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110
( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone )
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab

1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m ) Notations :
M
DL
6.90 Kn.m M
DL
= Service bending moment due to dead load.
M
LL
4.80 Kn.m M
LL
= Service bending moment due to live load.

2. Properties of Materials
Fcu 40 N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.
Es 210000 N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Allowable Crack Width 0.20 mm

3. Properties of Section
b 1000 mm b = Width of section.
d 170 mm
d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.
As 645 mm2 As = Area of tension reinforcement.

12 mm
= Bar diameter.

s 175 mm s = Spacing between steel bars.
Cnom 50 mm Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.

4. Calculations of crack width
Ec 34000 N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
n 12.35 n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
dc 44.69 mm dc = depth of concrete in compression.
Inv 1.549E+08 mm4 Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section.
M 11.70 Kn.m M = Total service bending moment.
s
116.95 N/mm2
s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.
s
5.57E-04
s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.
1
9.12E-04
1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone

neg. concrete effect in tension.
m
4.21E-04
m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile zone

Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr
97.89 mm acr = distance from the crack point considered
to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.

Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) = 0.084 mm
Safe of crack width


09 Aug. 2010 Page 11 of 12

5. Check of Early Thermal Cracking
Early thermal cracking shall be checked according to BD28.
A
s
= ( f
ct
/ f
b
) * A
c
* * [R (
sh
+
th
) - 0.5 *
ult
] / ( 2 * w ) clause 5.3
f
ct
/ f
b
= 0.67 clause 5.4.
A
c
= 250 * 1000 = 250000 mm2. Gross area of section.
= 12 mm bar size.
R = 0.50 Restraint Factor
ult
= 0.0002 clause 5.3
sh
= 0.0001 clause 5.6
th
= 0.80 * * (T1 + T2) clause 5.7
th
= 0.80 * 0.000012 * (30 + 20) = 0.00048
w = 0.20 allowable crack width
A
s required
= 0.67 * 250000 * 12 * [ 0.50 * (0.0001 + 0.00048) - 0.5 * 0.0002

] / ( 2 * 0.20 )
A
s required
= 955 mm2.
A
s provided
= T12-175 at Top & Bottom Surface = 2 * 113 / 0.175
A
s provided
= 1290 mm2 > A
s required
OK


09 Aug. 2010 Page 12 of 12

6. Check Soil Bearing Capacity
Thickness of Plain concrete Slab = 0.10 m.
Thickness of Reinforced Base Slab = 0.25 m.
The maximum water depth = 1.40 m.
Pressure on soil due to base slab and water = 0.075 * 23 + 0.25 * 25 + 1.40 * 10
= 21.975 kN/m2.
Assuming the vertical wall weight shall acting on 1.00m width of base slab.
Weight of vertical wall = 0.36 * 1.60 * 25 = 14.40 kN/m

Total pressure on the soil = 21.98 + 14.40 = 36.38 kN/m2.
= 0.36 kg/cm2.

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DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO.

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