í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 24 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Abhijith: Hi Adbhuth, weren't you supposed to Abhijith: I think he is soon going to be

be in Vijayawada today? How come I
see you here?
(†’´¤y Ñ®ÓV Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçú≈-©E
ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. Ééπ\úø éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o-¢ËçöÀ?)
Adbhuth: You're right. I was told to be in
Vijayawada today. But because of a
last minute change in the programme
I had to cancel my trip.
(Eï¢Ë’. †Eo-¢√∞¡ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçúø-´’-
Ø√o®Ω’. é¬E *´J EN’≠æç ´÷®Ω’p-´©x Ø√
v°æߪ÷ùç ´÷†’-éÓ-¢√Lq ´*açC)
Abhijith: Who's responsible for the change?
(á´®Ω’ ´÷®Ω’p-†èπ◊ 鬮Ωùç?)
Adbhuth: Our director is. He is believed to have
told the manager to change the pro-
gramme.
(´’† director. Programme ´÷®Ωa-´’E Adbhuth: OK. Let's hope
Åûªúø’ manager èπ◊ îÁ°œp-†ô’x †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’)
Abhijith: What on earth for? (áçü¿’èπ◊?)
éÌçîÁç NÆæ’í¬_ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’, on earth Åçô’çö«ç
Adbhuth: Who knows? We are expected to fol-
low orders. That's what I
replaced; the present director, I mean.
(ûªy®Ω-™ØË Çߪ’†’o ´÷®Ω’-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«,
ÅüË, É°æ¤p-úø’†o director †’.)
Adbhuth: What good that's going to be?
(Åçü¿’-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï-†-¢Ë’çöÀ?)
Abhijith: The company will be placed on the
path to growth.
(Company ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ ´÷®Ω_ç™ Öçô’çC)
Adbhuth: How are you so sure of it?
(Åçûª éπ*aûªçí¬ á™« îÁ°æp-í∫-©´¤?)
This house was built ten years ago= 2) I was told to be in Vijayawada today.
Abhijith: The new director may prove more effi-
Verb - was told (PV)
cient than the present one. At least
Ñ É©’x °æüË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô éπôd-•-úÕçC–
that is what is hoped. Spoken Telugu ™ É™« ņç éπü∆? Ñ É©’x 3) He is believed to have told the manager.
(éÌûªh director É°æ¤p-úø’†o director éπçõ‰ (ÉçöÀ E) °æüË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô éπö«d®Ω’ Åçö«ç. Verb - is believed (PV)
Ææ´’-®Ω’n-úø’í¬ ÖçúÌa. Å™« ÅE éπFÆæç Ééπ\úø Spoken English ™ passive voice 4) We are expected to follow orders.
Verb - are expected (PV)
ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’) Å´-Ææ®Ωç. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, á´®Ω’ éπö«d-®ΩE é¬èπ◊çú≈, éπöÀdçC
(verb) á°æ¤púø’ ÅØË N≠æ-
5) So long as I am paid properly.
so too. ߪ÷-EéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç. ÅçûË
Verb - am paid (PV)
(´’†´‚ Å™«Íí -é¬-èπ◊çú≈ subject (°æE
6) That's well said.
- Ç çí∫ x - ¶ µ « - ≠ æ - ù
- îË-Æœç-üÁ-´®Ω’) ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’
412
ÇPü∆lç)
passive Verb - is said (PV)



¢√ú≈-LqçüË.
7) Programmes are often changed.
Verb - are changed (PV)

W hat on ear th for?

do. So long as I am paid
properly why should I 8) He is going to be replaced.
bother? Verb - is going to be replaced (PV)
(á´-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’? ´’†ç ¢√∞¡x 9) That's what is hoped.
Çïc©’ §ƒöÀç-î√-©E ¢√∞¡x-†’- Verb - is hoped (PV)
èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ؈’ îËÊÆD ÅüË. Ø√èπ◊ Ø√ É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Advanced level of The Road has been repaired= 1) You are supposed - ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™–
@ûªç ÆæJí¬_ ÅçüË-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ø√ÍéçöÀ?ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ Spoken English ™éÀ Åúø’-í∫’-°-úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Road repair Å®·çC (îËߪ’-•-úÕçC (E†’o/ F í∫’Jç*) ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’
¶«üµ¿-°æ-ú≈L?) Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ´’†ç ´·êuçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√- ņ-èπ◊çú≈). a) You are supposed to be the leader =
Abhijith: That's well said. Our director is con- LqçC Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ passive voice
Road repair îËÆ œç-üÁ-´®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’/ †’´¤y Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕ-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ (ņ’-éÓ-
sidered very efficient. But aren't such ¢√úøôç.
sudden changes a waste of money?
îÁ° æp™‰ç 鬕öÀd passive- has been •-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤)
English ™ ´·êuçí¬ Spoken repaired - Ééπ\úø Å´-Ææ®Ωç. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx b) You are supposed to be in Delhi today =
Difficult to believe efficiency and
English ™ O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ passive ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Spoken English ™ passive
M.SURESAN
wastage can go together.
†’Oy-®ÓV úµÕMx™ ÖØ√o-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
voice ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ´’ç*-ü¿E 2) I was told =
(¶«í¬ îÁ§ƒp´¤. ´’† director †’ î√™« Å´- Ææ-®Ω-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’ – á´®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ó
Ææ´’-®Ω’n-úÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ-≤ƒh®Ω’. é¬E É™«çöÀ Çéπ-Æœtéπ Éçûª - è π ◊ - ´ ·çü¿ ’ î√™«- ≤ ƒ®Ω ’ x îÁ § ƒpç. ´·êuçí¬ v°æ A The lunch was cooked by my sister. ûÁ©’-°æúøç O©’-é¬-éπ-§ÚûË É™« Åçö«®Ω’.
´÷®Ω’p-´©x úø•’s ´%ü∑∆ éπü∆? ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç, úø•’s active voice ™E verb †÷, passive ™éÀ ´÷®Ωa-úøç- í∫´ ’-E ç-îªçúÕ– by my sister- ÉC î√™« ÅÆæ-£æ«ïç. a) We were told you were going to buy a flat=
´%ü∑∆ éπLÆœ Öçö«-ߪ’E †´’tôç éπ≠dçæ .) ´©x (grammar éÓÆæç), ¶µ«¢√Eo passive ™ ûÁL-ߪ’- Éçûª-éπçõ‰, My sister cooked the lunch (active) †’¢ËyüÓ flat é̆-¶-ûª’-Ø√o-´E ´÷ûÓ á´®Ó ÅØ√o®Ω’.
efficient = É°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛ö¸– ñ‰-ߪ’úøç î√™« Néπ%-ûªçí¬, éπ%ûªéπç (artificial) í¬ ÖçúÕ, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬, Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ ÖçC éπü∆? b) This was reported to the Principal =
'°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Ææ´’-®Ω’n-™„j†; Spoken English ™ Ææ£æ«-ïûªyç ™°œ-Ææ’hçC. -Å-™«í∫-E ÅC Principal èπ◊ á´®Ó îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.
efficiency= É°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛Æ œ– passive voice ¢√ú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿E é¬ü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç: Active voice ™ subjects - 3) He is believed = (ÅûªúÕ í∫’Jç*) †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
'°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Verb ûÁLÊ° °æEéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç É¢√yLq ´*a, Ç °æEE îËÊÆ I, we, you, he, she, they, someone, nobody, a Tendulkar is believed to be the best batsman
Adbhuth: True. Programmes are often changed subject ´’†èπ◊ clear í¬ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·-†-°æ¤úË, passive man, the boy, etc people, etc Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE in the world =
only because of improper planning. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç, Ææ£æ«ïç. passive ™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´-úø¢Ë’ ´’ç*C, Åçü¿ç
(By me, by us, ™«çöÀ expressions ®√èπ◊çú≈).
õ„çúø’-©\®˝ Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp batsman ÅE Åçü¿®Ω÷
Improper planning is the result of inef- eg: This house was built ten years ago. †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
ficiency. Verb - was built (was- be form + built - past Now look at the passive expressions used in 4) We are expected = ´’†Lo ÇPÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
(Eï¢Ë’. Programmes ûª®Ωîª÷ ´÷®Ωaúøç, participle- voice - passive) the conversation above. 5) I am paid = ؈’ îÁLxç-îª-•-úø-û√†’– ´÷´‚©’
1) Weren't you (= Were you not) supposed to be
ÆæÈ®j† v°æù«-Ré𠙉éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©xØË. ÆæÈ®j† í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆? Verb, be form + past participle ûÁ©’í∫’™– Ø√èπ◊ îÁLx-≤ƒh®Ω’.
in Vijayawada today?
v°æù«-Ré𠙉éπ-§Ú-´úøç, ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωnûª °∂æL-ûª¢Ë’.) (PP) í¬ Öçõ‰ ÅC passive. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ''•úø’—— ÅE É™«Íí N’í∫-û√N èπÿú≈. More in the next lesson.
inefficiency= ÉE-°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛Æ œ–
'°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωnûª Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. verb = were supposed (PV)

EXERCISE Awkward - Çéπyú˛ (éπyú˛– bird ™«í∫)– Ç ØÌéÀ\ Ø√ûÓ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o îÁ°œpç-ü∆Eo ´÷Ja/ On seeing the policeman, the thief was
Match the words under A with their scared and I felt reassured = Police
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Awkward situation- É•sç-C-éπ®Ω ´véÃ-éπ-Jç* îÁ§ƒpúø’. (¢√∞¡x Ø√†o îÁ°œpç-üÌ-éπöÀ, Åûª†’ †’
meanings under B. °æJ-ÆœnA. O’Jç-öÀéÀ °œL-*† friend, O’ ÉçöÀéÀ îª÷úø-í¬ØË üÌçí∫èπ◊ ü¿úø-°æ¤-öÀdçC, Ø√èπ◊ üµÁj®Ωuç éπL-TçC.
Ø√ûÓ îÁ°œpç-Cç-éÌ-éπöÀ)
A B 5-B. Fluctuate = Vary = ´÷®Ω’ûª÷
´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, O’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©-ûª-úÕE Å´-´÷-EÊÆh O’ Twist X straighten (= ´çT Ö†o-ü∆Eo ≤ƒ°∂‘í¬ Öçúøôç
1. Awkward A. Terrify
position î√™« awkward í¬ Öçô’çC. Awkward ûª®Ω-îª’í¬– °æJ-´÷-ùç™, Ø√ùu-ûª™, üµ¿®Ω™.
2. Twist B. Vary îËߪ’úøç)
3-F. Landscape = Scenery= v°æéπ%-A-ü¿%¨¡uç. The price of petroleum fluctuates in the inter-
3. Landscape C. Clumsy
Åçõ‰ Å≤˘éπ-®Ωu-¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
4. Scare D. Delicate He sat in an awkward position. The landscape of Kashmir is beautiful= national market = Åçûª-®√b-Bߪ’ N°æ-ùÀ™ °vö-
5. Fluctuate E. Bend Awkward (éπçí¬®Ω’, ûªúø-¶«ô’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) $ skill- é¬Qt®˝ v°æéπ%-A-ü¿%¨¡uç Ææ’çü¿-®Ωçí¬ Öçô’çC. Lߪ’ç üµ¿®Ω©’ ûª®Ωîª÷ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-ö«®·.
F. Scenery ful/ adroit =î√éπ-îª-éπuçûÓ, Awkward (É•sçCéπ®Ω- Fluctuating voltage = Current voltage ™
The landscape of Araku valley is enchanting=
G. Straighten
¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) $ graceful (£æ›çü∆í¬). ûª®Ωîª÷ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω’p©’.
KEY: 1-C. Awkward= Clumsy = Å®Ωèπ◊ ™ߪ’ ü¿%¨¡uç ´’çvûª-´·-í∫’l¥Lo îËÆæ’hçC.
His mood fluctuated between the happiest
àüÁjØ√ °æE 2-E. Twist = Bend = ´çîªúøç. Twisted rod =
-îË-ߪ’-úøç™ éπçí¬®Ω’°æúøôç, í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡ç. enchanting = Çéπ-ô’d-èπ◊ØË, ´’çvûª-´·-í∫’l¥©’ îËÊÆ.
´ç*† éπúŒf. (Twist - Twisted - Twisted) and the saddest =
4-A. Scare = Terrify= ¶µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-îªúøç
ÅûªúÕ ´’†-ÆœnA ÅA ÆæçûÓ≠æç
a) As he walked up the stage, he appeared
very awkward = ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ †úÕ* ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ He twisted my arm behind my back = The sudden appearance of the dog scared
†’ç* ÅA ü¿’”ë«-EéÀ ÜTçC.
Fluctuate X Persist (= äÍé ÆœnA™ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫úøç).
î√™« ûªúø-•-úø’ûª÷, éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ éπE-°œç-î√úø’. Ø√ îËAE ¢Á†-éπèπ◊ ¢Á’L-A-§ƒpúø’. the child = ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ç èπ◊éπ\ éπE-°œç-îªúøç, Ç
b) 'Have you any money?' The road twists and turns too often = Ç road Gúøf†’ ¶µºßª’-°-õ‰d-ÆœçC. This price has persisted for the past few
The thought of death punishment scared the weaks =
'I'm sorry, I don't have any' he said. ´’K ´çéπ®Ω A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC/ ´çéπ-®Ω-öÀç-éπ-®Ωí¬ Öçô’çC. Ñ üµ¿®Ω í∫ûª éÌCl ¢√®√-©’í¬ (äÍé Nüµ¿çí¬/
awkwardly = 'F ü¿í∫_®Ω úø¶‰s-¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆?— As she fell she twisted her neck = murderer = ´’®Ω-ù-Péπ~ í∫’Jç* Ç™- Ç £æ«çûª-èπ◊- ´÷®Ω’p©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈) é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûÓçC.
Ç¢Á’ °æúÕ-§Ú-´ôçûÓ ¢Á’úø AJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. úÕ™ ü¿úø-°æ¤-öÀdç-*çC. D) Delicate = Ææ’Eo-ûª-¢Á’i†. A baby's skin is deli-
'™‰ü¿’,— ÅØ√o-úø-ûªúø’ É•sç-Cí¬ ¢Á·£æ«ç-°öÀd
The sight of our headmaster scares us = ´÷ cate = Gúøf Ωtç Ææ’Eo-ûªçí¬ Öçô’çC. An egg
c) She tried to dance but she was quite awk- Twist Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpç-ü∆Eo ´véÃ-éπ-Jç* îÁ°æpúøç.
ward = dance headmaster éπE-°œÊÆh î√©’, ¢Ë’ç ¶µºßª’-°æ-úÕ-§Úû√ç. shell is delicate = éÓúÕ í∫’úø’f °çèπ◊ Ææ’Eoûªç.
Ç¢Á’ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-*çC, When he reported the matter to me he twist-
Scare X reassure (üµÁj®ΩuçûÓ ÆœnN’-ûª-°æ-úøôç) Delicate X tough (ü¿%úµø-¢Á’i†).
é¬F î√™« éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ ûªúø-•-úÕçC. ed what his father had said =

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm