Numbers and Sets

√2 + ai
1. Determine the value of a if is a real number and ind this real number.
1 + √2i
[4] 99-T
3
2. Solve the equation 2 log 3 − log √x = .
2
[6] 99-S
4x
3. Solve equation = 3.
1 − √x
[5] 00-S
4. Show that a + b ≥ 2ab.
1
If x + y + z = c, show that x + y + z ≥ c .
3
[2], [2] 01-T
1 1
5. Given that z = 1 + 2i and z = 3 − 4i. Express + in the form a + bi where a
z z − 2z
and b are real numbers.
[3] 01-S

6. Express 59 − 24√6 in the form of p√2 + q√3 where p and q are the integers.
[7] 02
7. If (x + iy) = i, ind all the real values of x and y.
[6] 03
8. Using the law of algebra of sets, show that, for any sets A and B,
(A − B) ∪ (B − A) = (A ∪ B) − (A ∩ B)
[6] 04
9. Using the law of the algebra of sets, show that
(A ∩ B) − (A ∩ B) = B
[4] 05
10. The complex number z and z satisfy the equation z = 2 − 2√3i
(a)Express z and z in the form of a + bi, where a and b are the real numbers.
(b)Represent z and z in an Argand diagram.
(c)For each z and z , ind the modulus, and its arguments in radians.
[6], [1], [4]06

11. If A, B and C are abitrary sets, show that:

[(A ∪ B) − (B ∪ C)] ∩ (A ∪ C) = ∅
[4] 06

x
12. If log = 3log 2 − log (x − 2a), express x in terms of a.
a
[6] 07
13. Simplify
(√7 − √3)
(a)
2 √7 + √3
2(1 + 3i)
(b) where i = √−1
(1 − 3i)
[3], [3] 07

14. Using de initions, show that, for any sets A, B and C

A ∩ (B ∪ C) ⊂ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
[5] 08
1
15. If z is a complex number such that |z| = 1, ind the real part of .
1−z
[6] 08
16. Given that:
2
log (3x − 4a) + log 3x = + log (1 − 2a)
log a
1
where 0 < a < , ind x.
2
[7] 09
 Polynomials
x +x+1
1. Show that for all real values of x, does not lie between − 3 and 1.
x+1
[5] 99-T
2. Equation ax + bx + c = 0 with a, b and c as non − zero constants, has roots α and β.
(a)If α = λβ, with λ ≠ 0, λ ≠ −1, and equation x + mx + n = 0, with , m and n as a non
m b
−zero constants, has roots λ(λ + 1) and (λ + 1) show that = .
n ac
(b)If α > β and equations x + px + q = 0, with p and q as non − zero constants, has roots
α + β and α − β , express p and q in terms a, b and c.
[7], [8] 99-T
3. Given that m and n are constants and the two quadratic equations 3x + mx + 2 = 0 and
x + nx + 4 = 0 has one common root. Show that 2m + 3n − 7mn + 50 = 0.
[5] 99-S
4. Given that x + 2 is a factor of f(x) = x + (a + 2b)x + (a − 3b)x + 8, ind a in terms of b
and ind q(x)so that f(x) = (x + 2)q(x)holds for all values of b.
Determine the values of b so that f(x) = 0 has at least two distinct real roots.
6 2
Sketch on different diagram, the graph of y = f(x)when b = − and b = .
5 5
[5], [6], [4] 99-S
1
5. Function f is de ined by f(x) = , with x ∈ R and x ≠ 0. Determine the set of values of x
x
such that f(x) > (x − 1).
[5] 00-T

6. Given that x + mx + nx − 6 = 0 is divisible by x − 3 and x + 2, ind m and n.

[5] 00-T

7. Given that the ax + bx + c = 0 has roots α and β. Show that:

b c
α + β = − and αβ =
a a

(a)If β = 2α, b = a + c, express a in terms of c

1 1
(b) Show that c x + (b − 3abc)x − a = 0 has roots and .
α β
[4], [5], [6] 00-T
8. Determine the values of k so that the quadratic equation x + 2kx + 3k − 3 = 0 has two
distinct real roots.
[4] 00-S
9. Show that the real roots of ax + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 are given by:
−b ± √b − 4ac
x=
2a
Deduce that if m + ni, with m, n ∈ R, is a root of this equation, then m − ni is another root.
(a)Show that 2 + i is a root of f(x) = 0 where f(x) = 2x − 5x − 2x + 15, and ind its other
roots.
(b)Find a polynomial g(x)so that f(x) − xg(x) = 15 − 7x. Express g(x)in the form of
1
p(x − q) + r, with p, q, r ∈ R, ind the maximum .
g(x)
[5], [5], [5] 00-S

10. Given that α and β are roots of x + 3x + 1 = 0. Find a quadratic equation with roots
1 1
α + and β + .
α β
[5] 01-T
( )
11. Given that f x = x + px + 7x + q, where p and q are constants. When x = −1,
f (x) = 0.
When f(x) is divided by x + 1, the remainder is − 16. Find the values of p and q.
(a)Show that f(x) = 0 only has one real root. Find the set of values of x such that f(x) > 0.
x+9
(b)Express in partial fraction.
f(x)
[4], [6], [5] 01-T
1 − 2x
12. Express as partial fraction.
x (1 + 2x )
[5] 01-S
13. Function f is de ined by f(x) = x − (p + 1)x + p, where n and p are positive integers.
Show that x − 1 is a factor of f(x)for all values of p.
when p = 4, x − 2 is a factor of f(x). Find the value of n and factorise f(x)completely.
With the value of n you have obtained, ind the set of values of p such that
f(x) + 2x − 2 = 0 has roots which are distinct and real.
[3], [5], [7] 01-S

14. Show that polynomials 2x − 9x + 3x + 4 has x − 1 as factor.

Hence,
(a)Find all the real roots of 2x − 9x + 3x + 4 = 0
(b)Determine the set of values of x so that 2x − 9x + 3x + 4 < 12 − 12 .
[2], [5], [6] 02

15. Show that − 1 is the only real root of the equation x + 3x + 5x + 3 = 0.

[5] 03
16. Find the set of values of x such that − 2 < x − 2x + x − 2 < 0.
[7] 03

1
17. Sketch, on the same coordinates axes, the graphs of y = 2 − x and y = 2 + .
x
1
Hence, solve the inequality 2 − x > 2 + .
x
[4], [4] 04

1
18. Find all the solution set of the inequality |x − 2| < , where x ≠ 0.
x
[7] 05
19. The polynomial p(x) = x + ax − 7x − 4ax + b has a factor of x + 3 and, when divided
by x − 3, the remainder is 60. Find the values of a and b, and factorise p(x)completely.
1
Using this substitution y = , solve the equation 12y − 8y − 7y + 2y + 1 = 0.
x
[9], [3] 06

20. Find the constants A, B, C and D such that:

3x + 5x A B C D
= + + +
(1 − x )(1 + x) 1 − x 1 + x (1 + x) (1 + x)
[8] 07

1 4 1
21. Using the substitution y = x + , express f(x) = x − 4x − 6 − + as a polynomial
x x x
in y.
Hence, ind all the real roots of the equation f(x) = 0.
[3], [10] 07

1
22. The polynomial p(x) = 2x + 4x + x − k has factor x + 1.
2
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Factorise p(x) completely.
[2], [4] 08
23. Find the solution set of the inequality:
4 3
>3−
x−1 x
[10] 08
24. Determine the set of values of x satisfying the inequality:
x 1
≥
x+1 x+1
[4] 09

25. Find all the values of x if y = |3 − x| and 4y − (x − 9) = −24.

[9] 09

26. The polynomial p(x) = 6x − ax − bx + 28x + 12, where a and b are real constants,
has factors (x + 2 )and (x − 2).
(a)Find the values of a and b, and hence, factorise p(x)completely.
(b)Give that p(x) = (2x − 3)[q(x) − 41 + 3x ], ind q(x), and determine its range when
x ∈ [−2,10].
[7], [8] 09
 Sequences and Series
1
1. Evaluate .
10
Express 0. 1̇8̇ as a rational term in lowest form.
[2], [2] 99-T
(1 + x )
2. Find the expansion of in ascending powers of x until the terms x .
(1 − x)

1 13
(a)If p = q = , suggest one value of x that enables to be estimated using the above
2 10

13
expansion. Hence, estimate and write your answers accurate to 4 decimal places.
10
1
(b)If p = − , and q lies in the interval [0,9], ind the largest possible coef icient of x .
3
[5], [7], [3] 99-T
3. Express √2 − 1 in the form of a√2 + b, where a and b are integers.
[3] 99-S
4. The sum of the irst 2n terms of a series P is 20n − 4n . Find in terms of n, the sum of the
irst n terms of this series. Show that this series is an arithmetic series.
Series Q is an arithmetic series such that the sum of its irst n even terms is more than the sum
of its irst n odd terms by 4n. Find the common difference of the series.
If the irst term of series Q is 1, determine the minimum value of n such that the difference
between the sum of the irst n terms of series P and the sum of the irst n terms of series Q
is more than 980.
[4], [5], [6] 99-S

5. Simplify 1 + 2√3 − 1 − 2√3 .

[4] 00-T
1
6. (a) If S denotes the sum of the irst n terms of a geometric series 3 − 1 + − ⋯ and
3
S denotes the sum of in inity of this series. Find the smallest n such that:
|S − S | < 0.0001.
(b)The irst and second term in an arithmetic series equal respectively the irst and the second
term in a geometric series. The third term of the geometric series exceeds the third term of the
arithmetic series by 3. The arithmetic series has a positive common difference and the sum
of its irst three terms equals 54. Find the irst term of both series. Find also the common difference
of the arithmetic series and the common ratio of the geometric series.
[7], [8] 00-T
7. Given that the sum of the irst n terms of a series is n log pq . Show that:
(a)The nth term of the series is log pq
(b)This is an arithmetic series.
[2], [3] 00-S
1
8. Expand (1 + x) in ascending power of x until the terms in x . By taking x = , ind
40
the approximation for 32.8 correct to four decimal places.
1 + ax
If the expansion of and (1 + x) are the same until the terms in x , ind the values of
1 + bx
203
a and b. Hence, show that 32.8 ≈ .
101
[7], [8] 00-S
1
9. Expand (1 + 8x) in the ascending power of x until the terms in x . By taking x = ,
100
ind √3 correct to ive decimal places.
[4] 01-T
(
a 1−r )
10. Given that S = a + ar + ar + ⋯ + ar , with a ≠ 0. Show that S = .
1−r
Give the condition on r such that lim S exists, and express this limit in terms of a and r.
→
4 4 4
(a)Determine the smallest integer of n such that 1 + + + ⋯+ > 21.
3 3 3
(b)Find the sum of in inity 3 (1 − x) + 3 (1 − x) + ⋯ + 3 (1 − x) + ⋯ and determine
the set of values of x such that this sum exists.
[5], [5], [5] 01-T
11. The sum and the product of three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression are
−3 and 24 repestively. Determine the three possible terms of the arithmetic progression.
[5] 01-S
x
12. Expand 1 − where n is a positive integer in ascending power of x until the terms
n
1
in x . If the coef icient of x is − , ind n.
27
x
With this value of n, obtain the expansion 1 − (1 − x) in ascending powers of x until
n
the terms in x .
1
Hence, by taking x = , ind the approximation of √10 accurate to 3 decimal places.
10
[6], [5], [4] 01-S

13. Determine the set of values of x such that the geometric series 1 + e + e +⋯
converges. Find the exact value of x so that the series converges to 2.
[6] 02
 1
14. Express as partial fraction.
4k − 1
1
Hence, ind a simple expression for S = and ind lim S .
4k − 1 →

[4], [4] 02
1+x
15. Express as a series of ascending powers of x up to terms in x .
1 + 2x
1
By taking x = , ind √62 correct to four decimal places.
30
[6], [3] 03
2
16. Express U = in partial fractions.
r + 2r
Using the results obtained,
1 1 1 1
(a)Show that U = − + + +
r r r + 2 (r + 2)
3 1 1
(b)Show that U = − − , and determine its values of U and
2 n+1 n+2

1
U + .
3
[3], [2], [9] 03
17. Expand (1 − x) in ascending powers of x up to the terms in x . Hence, ind the value of
√7 correct to ive decimal places.
[5] 04
18. Prove that the sum of the irst n terms of a geometric series a + ar + ar + ⋯ is
a(1 − r )
.
1−r
(a)The sum of the irst ive terms of a geometric series is 33 and the sum of the irst ten terms
of a geometric series is − 1023. Find the common ratio and the irst term of the geometric
series.
(b)The sum of the irst n terms and the sum to in inity of the geometric series
3
6 − 3 + − ⋯ are S and S respectively. Determine the smallest value of n such that
2
|S − S | < 0.001.
[3], [5], [7] 04

19. For the geometric series 7 + 3.5 + 1.75 + 0.875 + ⋯ , ind the smallest value of n for
which the difference between the sum of irst n terms and the sum to in inity is less than
0.01.
 [6] 05
x −x−1
20. Express f(x) = in partial fractions.
(x + 2)(x + 3)
1 1
Hence, obtain an expression of f(x)in ascending order of up to term in .
x x
Determine the set of values of x for which the expansion is valid.
[5], [6], [2] 05
21. If x is so small that x and higher powers of x may be neglected, show that:
x
(1 − x) 2 + ≈ 2 (2 − 7x)
10
[4] 06
5
22. The nth term of an arithmetic progression is T . Show that U = (−2)
2
is the nth term of a geometric progression.
1
If T = (17n − 14), evaluate U .
2
[4], [4] 06
̇
23. Express the in inite recurring decimal 0.72̇5(= 0.7252525 … )as a fraction in its lowerst
terms.
[4] 07
24. In the beginning of this year, Mr. Liu and Miss Dora deposited RM10 000 and RM 2 000
respectively in a bank. They receive an interest of 4% per annum. Mr. Liu does not make any
additional deposit nor withdrawal, whereas, Miss Dora continues to deposit RM 2 000 at the
beginning of each of the subsequent years without any withdrawal.
(a) Calculate the total saving of Mr. Liu at the end of nth year.
(b) Calculate the total saving of Miss Dora at the end of nth year.
(c) Determine in which year the total saving of Miss Dora exceeds the total saving of Mr. Liu.
[3], [7], [5] 08
3
25. For the geometric series 6 + 3 + + ⋯ , obtain the smallest value of n if the difference
2
45
between the sum of the irst n + 4 terms and the sum of irst n terms is less than .
64
[6] 09
 Matrices
−1 4 0 −1 3 4
1. If A = ,B = and C = , ind matrix X such that AXB = C.
2 1 3 2 21 19
[5] 99-S
2. (a)Given
2 3 1
M = −1 0 4
1 −1 1
Show that M − 3M + 8M − 24I = 0. Deduce M .
(b)Given matrices:
1 2 3 −5 1 7
A = 3 2 1 and B = 1 7 −5
3 1 2 7 −5 1
Find AB. Hence solve the simulteneous equation:
−5x + y + 7z = 8
x + 7y − 5z = −16
7x − 5y + z = 14
[7], [8] 99-S
3. Given:
1 1 2
P= 1 2 1
2 1 1
(a)Find R such that R = P − 4P − I.
(b)Show that PR + 4I = .
[3], [2] 00-S
4 2 2 −2 2 −1
4. If M = 3 4 3 and N = 0 2 −3 , ind MN and NM.
2 4 2 2 −6 5
Hence, ind M .

During the school holidays, a supermarket offers three sales packages A,B and C for shirts, long
pants and shoes with brand name Tampan. The number of each item and the offer price for each
package are shown in the following table.
Sales Packages Number of shirts Number of long Number of shoes Offer price (RM)
pants (pairs) (pairs)
A 4 2 2 190
B 3 4 3 295
C 2 4 2 250

By representing the prices of a shirt, a pair of long pants and a pair of shoes as x, y and z
respectively, obtain a matrix equation representing the information above.
Solve the matrix equation you have obtained to determine the price of each item.
[6], [3], [6] 00-S
 −1 2 1 2
5. If A = ,B = , ind C so that A = BCB .
−3 4 1 3
[3] 01-S
6. Matrices A and B are given as:
3 2 0 −1 2 2
A = 1 1 1 and B = 5 −3 −3
4 0 −1 −4 8 1
Find AB and deduce A .

In conjunction with the XXI SEA Games which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Syarikat
Wawasan sold three types of souvenirs, that is key chain, calculator and pen. The company
ordered its supply of souvenirs in two types of packets. The cost of a packet which consists of
three key chains and two calculators is RM45, whereas cost of a packet which consists of a key
chain, a calculator, and a pen is RM40. The cost of a pen is four times the cost of a key chain. f
the cost of a key chain, a calculator and a pen are RMx, RMy and RMz respectively, obtain a
matrix equation to represent the above information. Determine the cost of each type of souvenir
supplied to the company.

The selling price of each packet of souvenirs is fixed at RM80. If the profit from the sale
of a pen is RM25, find the profit obtained from the sale of a key chain and the sale of a calculator.
[4], [7], [4] 01-S
7. Determine the values of a, b and c so that the matrix:
2b − 1 a b
2a − 1 a bc
b b + c 2c − 1
is a symmetrical matrix.
[5] 02
8. Matrices M and N are given as:
−10 4 9 2 3 4
M = 15 −4 −14 and N = 4 3 1
−5 1 6 1 2 4
Find MN and deduce N .

Product X, Y and Z are assembled from three components A, B and C according to different
proportions. Each product of X consists of two components of A, four components of B and one
component of C; Each product of Y consists of three components of A, three components of B
and two components of C; and each product of Z consists of four components of A, one
component of B and four components of C. A total of 750 components of A, 1000 components
of B, and 500 components of C are used. With x, y and z representing the number of products of
X, Y and Z assembled, obtain a matrix equation representing the information given.

Hence, find the number of products X, Y and Z assembled.

 [4], [4], [4] 02
9. Matrix A is given by:
1 2 −3
A= 3 1 1
0 1 −2
(a)Find the matrix B such that B = A − 10I, where I is 3 × 3 matrix.
(b)Find (A + I)B, and hence ind (A + I) B.
[3], [6] 03
10. Matrix A is given by:
3 3 4
A= 5 4 1
1 2 3
Find the adjoint of A. Hence, ind A .
[6] 04
11. The matrices P and Q, where PQ = QP, are given by:
2 −2 0 −1 1 0
P = 0 0 2 and Q = 0 0 1
a b c 0 −2 2
Determine the values of a, b and c.
Find the real numbers m and n for which P = mQ + nI, where I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix.
[5], [5] 04
12. A, B and C are square matrices such that BA = B and ABC = (AB) . Show that
A = B = C.
1 2 0
If B = 0 −1 0 , ind C and A.
1 0 1
[3], [7] 05
k 1 3
13. Determine the value of k such that the determinant of the matrix 2k + 1 −3 2 is 0.
0 k 2
[4] 06
5 2 3 a 1 −18
14. If P = 1 −4 3 and Q = b −1 12 and PQ = 2I, where I is 3 × 3 identity
3 1 2 −13 −1 c
matrix, determine the values of a, b and c. Hence ind P .
Two groups of workers have their drinks at a stall. The first group comprising ten
workers has five cups of tea, two cups of coffee and three glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of
RM 11.80. The second group of six workers has three cups of tea, a cup of coffee and two
glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of RM7.10. The cost of a cup of tea and three glasses of fruit
juice is the same as the cost of four cups of coffee. If the costs of a cup of tea, a cup of coffee and
a glass of fruit juice are RMx, RMy and RMz respectively, obtain a matrix equation to represent
above information. Hence, determine the cost of each drink.
[8], [6] 06
15. The matrices A and B are given by:
−1 2 1 −35 19 18
A = −3 1 4 and B = −27 −13 45
0 1 2 −3 12 5
Find the matrix A B and deduce the inverse of A.
Hence, solve the system of linear equations:
x − 2y − z = −8
3x − y − 4z = −15
y + 2z = 4
[5], [5] 07
16. Matrix A is given by:
1 0 0
A = 1 −1 0
1 −2 1
(a)Show that A = I, where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, and deduce A .
1 4 3
(b)Find matrix B which satis ies BA = 0 2 1 .
−1 0 2
[4], [4] 08
17. (a)The matrices P, Q and R are given by:
1 5 6 −13 −50 −33 4 7 −13
P = 2 −2 4 Q = −1 −6 −5 R = 1 −5 −1
1 −3 2 7 20 15 −2 1 11
Find the matrices PQ and PQR, and hence deduce (PQ) .
(b)Using the result in (a), solve the system of linear equations:
6x + 10y + 8z = 4500
x − 2y + z = 0
x + 2y + 3z = 1080
[5], [5] 09
 Coordinate Geometry
1. Sketch the graph of 100x + 36y = 225. Find the area of quadrilateral formed by joining
the points of intersection of this curve with the coordinate axis.
[4] 99-T
a(t + 1) b(t − 1)
2. Show that the point P , lies on the curve b x − a2 y2 = a b .
2t 2t
Show that the equation of tangent to curve at P is bx(t + 1) − ay(t2 − 1) = 2abt.
This tangent cuts the x − axis at A and − axis at B. M is the midpoint of OA and O denotes
origin, and H divides BM in the ratio of 2: 1. Find the locus of H where t varies.
[3], [4], [8] 99-T
3. Find the equations of both straight lines that are inclined at an angle of 45° with the
straight line 2x + y − 3 = 0 and passing through the point (−1,4).
[5] 00-T

4. Given two parallel lines, and , passing through (5,0)and(−5,0)respectively, and meet the
line 4x + 3y = 25 respectively at P and Q. If PQ equals 5 units, ind the possible slopes of
and .
[7] 01-T

5. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve xy = 4 at point P(4,1).

Point A is a point on the x − axis such that PA is parallel to the y − axis. tangent to the
curve xy = 4 at P meets the y − axis at point B. The straight line passing through B and
parallel to the x − axis meets the curve at point Q. Find the coordinates of Q and show that
AQ is a tangent to the curve at Q.
Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the tangents to the curve xy = 4 at P and
Q.
[4], [7], [4] 01-T
6. Given that PQRS is a parallelogram where P(0,9), Q(2, −5), R(7,0)and S(a, b)are points on
the plane. Find a and b.
Find the shortest distance from P to QR and the area of the parallelogram PQRS.
[4], [6] 02
7. the straight line which passes through the points A(4,0)and B(2,4)intersects the
y − axis at the point P. the straight line is perpendicular to and passes through B. If
intersects the x − axis and y − axis at the points Q and R respectively, show that
PR: QR = √5 ∶ 3.
[8] 03
8. The sum of the distance of the point P from the point (4,0)and the distance of P from the origin
(x − 2) y
is 8 units. Show that the locus of P is ellipse + = 1 and sketch the ellipse.
16 12
[7] 04
 2
9. A curve is de ined by the parametric equation x = 1 − 2t, y = −2 + . Find the equation
t
( )
of the normal to the curve at the point A 3, −4 .
The normal to the curve at the point A cuts the curve again at the point B. Find the coordinates
of B.
[7], [4] 04
10. Find the perpendicular distance from the centre of the circle x + y − 8x + 2y + 8 = 0
to the straight line 3x + 4y = 28. Hence, ind the shortest distance between the circle and
the straight line.
[7] 05
11. Show that x + y − 2ax − 2by + c = 0 is the equation of the circle with centre (a, b)
and radius √a + b − c.

The above diagram shows three circles C , C and C touching one another, where their
centres lie on a straight line. If C and C have equations x + y − 10x − 4y + 28 = 0 and
x + y − 16x + 4y + 52 = 0 respectively, ind the equation of C .
[7] 06
x y
12. The coordinates of the points P and Q are(x, y)and , respectively, where
x +y x +y
x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0. If Q moves on a circle with centre (1,1)and radius 3, show that the locus of P is
also a circle. Find the coordinates of the centre and radius of the circle.
[6] 07
13. The lines y = 2x and y = x intersect the curve y + 7xy = 18 at points A and B
respectively, where A and B lie in the irst quadrant.
(a)Find the coordinates of A and B.
(b)Calculate the perpendicular distance of A to OB, where O is the origin.
(c)Find the area of OAB.
[4], [2], [3] 08
14. The parametric equations of a straight line are given by x = 4t − 2 and y = 3 − 3t.
3
(a)Show that the point A 1, lies on line .
4
(b)Find the cartesian equation of line .
(c)Given line cuts the x and y − axes at P and Q respectively, ind the ratio PA: AQ.
[2], [2], [4] 09
 Functions
1. Sketch the graph of y = |1 − 2x|, x ∈ R and the graph of y = √x, x ≥ 0 on the same
coordinate system.
Solve the inequality |1 − 2x| < √x.
[3], [4] 99-T
2. The function f is de ined as follows:
f: x → 4 + (x − 1) , x ∈ R
(a)Sketch the graph of f.
(b)State the range of f.
(c)Determine if f exists.
[2], [1], [2] 99-S
3. Given that f(x) = log (15 − 2x − x ), ind the range of x so that f(x)is de ined.
Find the maximum of 15 − 2x − x and hence deduce the maximum value of f(x).
[3], [4] 00-T
4. The function f is de ined as follows:
5x + 2
f: x → ,x ≠ 5
x−5
(a)Find f and hence deduce f .
(b)Find f (2).
[3], [3] 00-S
5. Function f is de ined by:
(x − 1) , x ≤ 1
f(x) = a
1− ,x > 1
x
If f is continuous at x = 1, determine the value of a and sketch the graph of f.
[5] 01-T
1 1
6. Express the function f: x → x − 1 + x + 1 , x ∈ R in the form that does not involve
2 2
the modulus sign. Sketch the graph of f and determine its range.
[7] 01-S
7. The function f is de ined by:
1
f: x → √3x + 1, x ∈ R, x ≥ −
3
Find f and state its domain and range.
[4] 02
8. The function f is de ined by:
1 + e ,x < 1
( )
f x = 3, x = 1
2 + e − x, x > 1
(a)Find lim f(x) and lim f(x) . Hence determine whether f is continuous at x = 1.
→ →
(b)Sketch the graph of f.
 [4], [3] 03
9. The function f is de ined by:
x−1
,0 ≤ x < 2
f(x) = x + 2
ax − 1, x ≥ 2
where a ∈ R. Find the value of a if lim f(x) exists. With this value of a, determine whether f
→
is continuous at x = 2.
[6] 04
10. The function f and g are given by:
e −e 2
f: x → and g: x →
e +e e +e
(a)State the domain of f and g.
(b)Without using differentiation, ind the range of f.
(c)Show that [f(x)] + [g(x)] = 1. Hence, ind the range of g.
[1], [4], [6] 05
11. Function f, g and h are de ined by:
x x+2 2
f: x → , g: x → , h: x → 3 +
x+1 2 x
(a)State the domain of f and g.
(b)Find the composite function g ∘ f and state its domain and range.
(c)State the domain and range of h.
(d)State whether h = g ∘ f . Give a reason for your answer.
[2], [5], [2], [2] 06
12. The function f is de ined by:
f(x) = √x − 1, −1 ≤ x < 1
|x| − 1, otherwise
(a)Find lim f(x) , lim f(x) , lim f(x) and lim f(x)
→ → → →
(b)Determine whether f is continuous at x = −1 and x = 1.
[4], [4] 07
13. The function f and g are de ined by:
1
f: x → , x ∈ R\{0}
x
g: x → 2x − 1, x ∈ R
Find f ∘ g and its domain.
[4] 08
f(x) − f(x + h)
14. Given x > 0, (x) = √x, ind lim .
→ h
[4] 09
 Differentiation
dy
1. If x = sin 2θ and y = cos 2θ, ind in terms of θ.
dx
[6] 99-T
2. If y = (2e − 6x + 5) , show that:
d y dy
y + =e
dx dx
[4] 99-S
3. A composite solid consists of a cuboid and a semicylindrical top with a common face ABCD.
The breadth and length of the cuboid is x cm and 2x cm respectively and its height is y cm.
Given that the total surface area of this solid is 2400cm . Show that:
1
y= [9600 − (8 + 5π)x ]
24x
If the volume of this solid is V cm , express V in terms of x. Hence, show that V attains its
40
maximum when x = .
√4 + π
Find this maximum value.
[3], [9], [3] 99-S
4. Find the gradient of the curve 2x + y + 2xy = 5 at the point (2, −1).
[3] 00-T
5. The equation of a curve is:
x
y=
−3 +2
Find the asymptotes and the stationary points of the curve.
Sketch the curve.
Determine the number of real roots of the equation:
k(x − 1) (x − 2) = x
where k > 0.
[8], [4], [3] 00-T
dy
6. Find in terms of x if x = e√ abd y = e .
dx
[4] 00-S
e −1
7. The equation of a curve is y = where k is a positive constant.
e +1
dy
(a)Show that > 0 .
dx
dy d y d y
(b)Show that + kx = k. Hence, show that ≤ 0 for x ≥ 0 and ≥ 0 for x ≤ 0.
dx dx dx
(c)Sketch the curve.
[3], [8], [4] 00-S
 sin kx
8. Given that y = , where k is a positive integer. Show that:
1 + cos kx
d y
(sin kx) =k y
dx
[4] 01-T
9. The graph y = x + ax + bx + c passes through (3, −21)and has stationary points when
x = 2 and x = −2. Find a, b and c.
Find the coordinates of these stationary points and determine if they are local extremums.
Find also the point of in lexion of the curve.
dy
Determine the set of values of x so that < 0.
dx
[5], [7], [3] 01-T
10. A curve has parametric equations x = e − 2t and y = e + t. Find the gradient of the
curve at the point with t = ln 2.
[5] 01-S
11. A curve with equation y = x + px + qx + r cuts the y − axis at y = −34 and has
stationary points at x = 3 and x = 5. Find the values of p, q and r.
Show that the curve cuts the x − axis only at x = 1, and ind the gradient of the curve at that
point.
Sketch the curve.
[6], [7], [2] 01-S
dy d y
12. Given that y = e cos x , ind and when x = 0.
dx dx
[4] 02

13. Function f is de ined by:

2x
f(x) =
(x + 1)(x − 2)
Show that f (x) < 0 for all values of x in the domain of f.
Sketch the graph of y = f(x). Determine if f is a one to one function. Give reason to your
answer.
Sketch the graph y = |f(x)|. Explain how the number of roots of the equation
|f(x)| = k(x − 2)depends on k.
[5], [6], [4] 02
dy
14. If y = ln xy , ind the value of when y = 1.
dx
[5] 03
2
15. Sketch, on the same coordinate axes, the graphs y = e and y = . Show that the
1+x
equation (1 + x)e − 2 = 0 has a root in the interval [0,1].
Use the Newton − Raphson method with the initial estimate x = 0.5 to estimate the root
correct to three decimal places.
[7], [6] 03
16. Using the sketch graphs of y = x and x + y = 1, show that the equation x + x − 1 = 0
has only one real root and state the sucessive integers a and b such that the real root lies in
the interval (a, b).
Use the Newton − Raphson method to ind the real root correct to three decimal places.
[4], [5] 04
cos x d y dy
17. If y = , where x ≠ 0, show that x + 2 + xy = 0.
x dx dx
[4] 05
1
18. Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = x + , where x > 0;
x
give the x − coordinate and y − coordinate correct to three decimal places. Determine
whether the stationary point is a minimum point or maximum point.
1 1
The x − coordinate of the point of intersection of ther curves y = x + and y = ,
x x
where x > 0, . ℎ ℎ 0.5 < < 1.
Use the Newton Raphson method to determinethe value of p correct to three decimal places
and hence, ind the point of intersection.
[5], [9] 05
19. If y = x ln (x + 1), ind an approximation for the increase in y when x increases by δx.
Hence, estimate the value of ln 2.01 given that ln 2 = 0.6931.
[6] 06
4e − 1
20. The function f is de ined by f(t) = , where k is a positive constant.
4e + 1
(a)Find the value of f(0).
(b)Show that f (t) > 0.
(c) Show that k{1 − [f(t)] } = 2f (t)and hence, show that f (t) < 0.
(d)Find lim f(t).
→
(e)Sketch the graph of f.
[1], [5], [6], [2], [2] 06
x dy
21. If y = , show that x = (1 − x )y
1+x dx
[4] 07
x
22. Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y = and determine
−1
their nature.
Sketch the curve.
Determine the number of real roots of the equation x = k(x − 1), where k ∈ R, when k
varies.
[10], [4], [3] 07
sin x − cos x d y dy
23. If y = , show that = 2y .
sin x + cos x dx dx
[6] 08
x
24. Show that the gradient of the curve y = is always decreasing.
x −1
Determine the coordinates of the point of in lexion of the curve , and state the intervals which
for curve is concave upward.
Sketch the curve.
[3], [5], [3] 08
15. The line y + x + 3 = 0 is a tangent to the curve y = px + qx, where p ≠ 0 at the point
x = −1. Find the values of p and q.
[6] 09
16. A curve is de ined by the parametric equations:
2 1
x = t − and y = 2t +
t t
where t ≠ 0.
dy 5 1 dy
(a)Show that = 2 − and hence, − < < 2.
dx t +2 2 dx
dy 1
(b)Find the coordinates of points when = .
dx 3
[8], [3] 09
 Integration
x 11
1. Show that: dx = + ln x.
(x − 1) 8
[6] 99-T
2. Function f is de ined by:
x(x − π), 0 ≤ x < 2
f(x) =
π sin(x − π),2π ≤ x ≤ 3π
(a) Sketch the graph of f.
(b) Find the range of f.
(c)Determine whether f is a one to one function. Give reasons for your answer.
(d)Find the area of the region bounded by graph f and the x − axis.
[4], [3], [2], [6] 99-T
x
3. If f(x) = , ind f (x). Hence, evaluate:
2 −5
x(x − 5)
dx
2x − 5
[5] 99-S
4. Sketch the curve y = x(x − 3)(x + 2)
If A and A respectively denote the area of the regions bounded by the curve and the
x − axis above and below x − axis, ind A : A .
[5] 00-T
1
5. Sketch the graphs y = 4, y = 8x and y = .
x
Calculate the volume of the solid of revolution when the region bounded by the above graphs
is rotated through 360° about y − axis.
[5] 00-S
6. The function f is de ined by:
2 − |x − 1 |, x < 3
f(x) =
x − 9x + 18, x ≥ 3
(a)Sketch the graph of f.

(b)Evaluate f(x)dx
x
(c)Determine the set of values of x such that f(x) > 1 − .
6
[5], [5], [5] 00-S
7. A curve has equation y = x (4 − x ).
Show that for any point (x, y)lying on the curve, then − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and − 2 ≤ y ≤ 2.
Sketch the curve.
Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curve.
Calculate the volume of solid of revolution when the region bounded by this curve and
y = x in the irst quadrant is rotated through 360° about the x − axis.
[3], [3], [4], [5] 01-T
x
8. Find the value of dx.
(5x + 1)
[6] 01-S
4
9. Sketch on the same coordinate system the curve y = , and y = 4(x − 1). Find the
x
coordinates of the point of intersection of the two curves.
4
Show that the area of the region bounded by y = , y = 4(x − 1)and y = 4 is
x
20
− 4 ln 2 .
3
Calculate the volume of the solid of revolution when the region is rotated through 360° about
y − axis.
[6], [4], [5] 01-S
3x − 1
10. By using suitable substitution, ind dx.
√x + 1
[5] 02
11. Find the point of intersection of the curves y = −x + 3x and y = 2x − x − 5x. Sketch
on the same coordinate system these two curves.
Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curve y = −x + 3x and y = 2x − x − 5x.
[5], [6] 02
cos θ
12. Using the substitution u = 3 + 2 sin θ , evaluate dθ
(3 + 2 sin θ)
[5] 03
a
13. The curve y = x(b − x), where a ≠ 0, has a turning point at the point (2,1). Determine
2
the values of a and b.
Calculate the area of the region bounded by the x − axis and the curve.
Calculate the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region about the x − axis.
[4], [4], [4] 03

14. Show that ln x dx = 1.

[4] 04
1
15. Sketch, on the same coordinate axes, the line y = x and the curve y = x. Find the
2
coordinates of the point of intersection.
1
Find the area of the region bounded by the line y = x and the curve y = x.
2
Find the volume of the solid formed when the region is rotated through 2π radians about the
y − axis.
[5], [4], [4] 04
16. Sketch, on the same coordinate axes, the curves y = e and y = 2 + 3e .
Calculate the area of the region bounded by the y − axis and the curves.
[2], [6] 05

17. Using trapezium rule, with ive ordinates, evaluate 4 − x dx.

[4] 06
2x + 1 Ax + B C
18. Express in the form + , where A, B and C are constants.
(x + 1)(2 − x) x +1 2−x
2x + 1
Hence, evaluate dx.
(x + 1)(2 − x)
[3], [4] 06
x +x+2 x
19. Find (a) dx (b) dx
x +2 e
[3], [4] 07
dy 3x − 5
20. The gradient of the tanget to a curve at any point(x, y)is given by = ,
dx 2 √x
where x > 0. ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ (1, −4),
(a)Find the equation of the curve.
(b)sketch the curve.
(c)Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curve and x − axis.
[4], [2], [5] 07
(x − 2) 5 2
21. Show that dx = + 4 ln .
x 3 3
[4] 08
22. Sketch, on the same coordinate axes, the curves y = 6 − e and y = 5e , and ind the
coordinates of the point of intersection.
Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves.
Calculate the volume of solid formed when the region is rotated through 2π radians about
the x − axis.
[7], [4], [5] 08

23. Using an appropriate substitution, evaluate x (x − 1) dx.

[7] 09
24. Given a curve y = x − 4 and a straight line y = x − 2,
(a)Sketch, on the same coordinate axes, the curve and the straight line.
(b)Determine the coordinate of their point of intersection.
(c)Calculate the area of the region R bounded by the curve and the straight line.
(d)Find the volume of the solid formed when R is rotated through 360° about x − axis.
[2], [2], [4], [5] 09