CONTENTS

NO TITLE

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2 INTRODUCTION
3 OBJECTIVES
4 SITE PLAN
5 DIARY
6 WORKING PROCEDURE
7 COMMENT & SUGGESTION
8 SUMMARY
9 DETAIL, CROSS SECTION AND LONG SECTION PLAN
DIAGRAM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1
 We would like to express our appreciation to many of the people who have
contributed to the completion of this practical report. We especially want to thanks En.
Johar b. Ahmad.

Very special thanks to En. Johar for his continuous supervision and guidance
during our practical work. Honestly, we are very thankful for his help, advice and
motivation in all aspects. Thanks a lot for teaching us the theory, knowledge, techniques
and a few skills on how the route survey is carried out. Firstly, to make this practical
works, at first we had to team up with the other teams to do alignment so we also like to
express our gratitude to the others team members.

We greatly appreciate all our group member for the cooperation, help and
support during when the practical work is done until the final preparation of this report.
To the seniors and fellow friends, thanks a lot for your information and contribution that
have helped us so much in preparing this report. Thanks also to those who are directly
or indirectly contributed something for this practical report. Thanks you all.

INTRODUCTION

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Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations required for design and
construction of engineering works such as highways, pipelines, canals, or railroads.

Route surveying is needed for the purpose of selecting the best route between 2 termini
or end stations, and to find the most suitable combination of alignment, gradient and
other details of the selected route.

Route surveying can be divided into the following operations.

i. Reconnaissance
ii. Preliminary survey
iii. Location survey
iv. Construction survey

The details of surveying methods used on a particular project depend upon the nature of
the project, the topography and many other factors.

Reconnaissance
Generally done by a very experienced engineer who is familiar with the terrain
and who has been involved in the design and planning of various other similar projects.
The main objective of reconnaissance is to collect information about the topography
between 2 termini for the purpose of the selection of a narrow band along which the
route can be located. It is a rapid and rough survey job. Steps in reconnaissance are:
i. collect and study information about the area
ii. visit to the site to examine the area
iii. determine approximate elevations and distances
iv. preparing a preliminary report

Preliminary Survey
Based from the previous stage, a narrow strip corridor that contains the final location of
the route is selected. The width will also depend upon the character of the terrain
through which the route to pass

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An accurate control traverse of the narrow strip is conducted. The longitudinal and cross
sections are also determined along the traverse.

On preliminary survey, surveyors should have the following information:

i. locations of the benchmark near the route
ii. location of the primary and secondary controls
iii. access to the route
iv. availability of local labour

The preliminary survey can be divide into 3 parts:

i. Traversing or method of control survey (GPS)
ii. Levelling
iii. Topographic surveying

Number of drawings such detail plans, longitudinal and cross sectional drawings are
prepared at convenient scales.

Location Survey
Location survey can be divided into 2 stages:
i. Paper location done in office

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 - done by engineer
- source of information from preliminary survey and maps
- aim to select a tentative alignment in the narrow strip surveyed

ii. Field location done in field

- the process of transferring the alignment marked on map on the ground
(setting out)
- done by surveyor
- the alignments are indicated by a series of stakes on the ground
- the alignment is located in field by the following methods such as,
 By intersection between the paper location of the alignment and
traverse
 By scaling the positions of various points on map and transferring on
ground

Construction Survey
This survey consists of setting out the details of the route on the ground such as
checking the stakes location, checking the level, establishing TBM, complete all
horizontal, transition andvertical curve, establishing offset stakes and others.

OBJECTIVES

1. To give us experience in a complete survey work.

i. Establishing control points (x, y and z) .

5
 ii. Establishing chainages using pegs.
iii. To pick-up details
iv. To carry out the cross and long section
v. To capture,store and download data in/from total station.
vi. To use CAD package for plotting.
vii. To develop and evaluate group performance.

2. To make us prepare with adequate knowledge in computing through computer

aided and design such as
i. Location plan
ii. Detail plan
iii. Longitudinal and cross section plans
iv. Processing data

Location
The road along the Padang Kawat to Complex Sukan UiTM

Equipments
1. A Total Station and tripod
2. 2 pole with prism
3. 1 unit of 30 m fiber tape

6
4. 1 Automatic Level and Tripod
5. The FIELD BOOK – from previous work
6. Downloading Cable
7. Data Processing - CDS

SITE PLAN

DIARY
Our site

MONTH DATE ACTIVITIES

Week 1 : Briefing
MARCH Thusday 1. En Johar give a introduction about the practical
2. Explanation how to start the practical
Week 2 : Reconnaissance
MARCH Thusday 1. Visit our project location.
Find Bench Mark
2. Collect and study information about the project location.

7
 3. Selecting the best route in our project location.
4. Determine the best location to locate TBM

Week 3 : Traversing and Marking chainage

MARCH Thursday 1. Purpose : to establish control station cover the site
2. Start traversing from station 1 to 2 with assume bearing
and close the traverse
3. Marking the chainage at 10m interval
4. We have produce 9 chainage along the route

APRIL Week 1 : Detailing, Cross section and Longitudinal Section

Thursday 1. Use Total Station to make observation.
3. Booking manual only
4. for detail, total station set up at traverse station
5. for cross section, Starting at chainage (CH00) until chainage
(CH90)

Week 2 : Detailing, Cross section and Longitudinal Section

APRIL Thursday 1. continue detail survey
2. Transfer level from TBM to station traverse
APRIL Week 3 : Processing and discussion
Thursday 1. Process all of data
2. Discuss about report in group

WORKING PROCEDURE

1. Recce and Planning

We are selected a suitable traverse stations and also suitable place for chainages.Also
expected to survey a portion of the road which is 100m long and 20m width (the
corridor).We are selected the best line which is parallel to the road and the line is one of
the traverse line.

2. Establishing control points (x, y, and z)

We are assumed to have knowledge in carryout the traversing and leveling works.

8
We are establish the traverse around the area and establish the level in the area. The
TBM for the work is at the corner of embankment (TBM 69),the new TBM be using to
transfer height to the chainages.

3. Alignment
- Setup the total station over the control point at the beginning of the road
and we are labeled the station as CH000 (start of the line)
- Observed to another control point which is parallel to the road.Bearing
and distances from CH000are recorded.We are labeled the station as
Ch060.
- Clamp the horizontal screw of the total station and by used the tape
roughly establish CH020 and CH040which is 10m from the CH000.
- On the CH060 we are repeated the process until CH100 and the
chainages are on the line with CH060.
- We are leveled all chainages from the nearby TBM
- Coordinates ere calculated for all chainages.
- Lastly all chainages are labeled properly.

4. Detailing,Cross section and longitudinal survey

Set up total station at the first chainage. Set horizontal circle reading and target to
second chainage. This will be the reference bearing to the reference object.
Observe any details along the line of sight. Note the distance and elevation of the detail.
The maximum required distance is 30 meter. Measure the instrument and target heights
before moving to the next chainages.
5. Detail survey
Detailing can be done using tachometry method. All important details within 30 meters
must be observed. Some of the details which are permanent must be observed such as:
 Drainage system
 Centre road
 Electrical and water boxes
 Electric posts
 Lamp posts
 Cutting
 Culverts and manholes

9
6. Processing data
Raw data will be key in into CDS software to obtained simple DTM. The output is then
transferred to AutoCAD for data processing process

FIELD WORK

LEVELLING

The procedure as below:

i. One staff was putting on the BM and another one was on the other side of the
observer.
ii. The front and back sight staff was observe then the observation recorded.
iii. The same method is use until we arrived at the area survey works.
iv. We ended the level works at the culvert where the entire group can use it.
v. The point is marked as TBM.

PROCESSING AND DATA ANALYSIS

Reduced Level Calculation

REDUCE
BS IS FS RISE FALL INITIAL RL REMARKS
LEVEL
1.332 36.310 36.310 TBM
2.237 0.905 37.215 37.215 CH10
2.880 0.643 37.858 37.858 CH20
3.313 0.433 38.291 38.291 CH30
3.793 0.480 38.771 38.771 CH40
4.120 0.327 39.098 39.098 CH50

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 4.325 0.205 39.303 39.303 CH60
4.590 0.265 39.568 39.568 CH70
4.747 0.157 39.725 39.725 CH80
4.987 0.240 39.965 39.965 CH90

Table 3: Rise and Fall Table

Ht

RLB V

Where:
HI
RLB = Reduced level B
RLB RLA = Reduced level A
HI = Height Instrument
Formula: V = Vertical Height
Ht = Height Target
RLB = RLA + HI ± V - Ht

CHAINAGE
For chainage works, our team took approximate 10 m each interval. This chainage used
to take the details. It is for longitudinal and cross sectional works.

LONGITUDINAL SECTION
In construction work, the sewers and roadways are usually constructed first of all. They
must be set out, on the ground, in their correct locations. Additional plans, in the form of
vertical sections, are required.
In order to cost the development accurately, the volume of material required to construct
the earth works (cutting or embankments) has to be calculated, generally by the quantity
surveyor.
The first step in calculating the earth works quantities and in preparing the setting out
information is to make longitudinal sections and cross sections along the lines of the
proposed works.

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Fieldwork
1. The centre lines of the road and sewers are set out, on the ground, by a series of
stakes. The setting out of the centre lines is usually done, using a theodolite. It is
sufficient for the moment to assume that the stakes have been set out in their
correct positions.

2. A leveling is made along the centre line with levels taken at all changes of
gradient. A level is also taken at every tape length whether or not it signifies a
change in gradient.

3. Horizontal measurements are made between all the points at which levels were
taken. The measurement are accumulated from the first point such that all points
have a running chainage. Pegs are left at every tape length to enable cross
sections to be taken later.

4. Procedure
Generally a surveyor and 3 asistants are required if the section is long. The
surveyor takes the reading and does the booking, one assistant acts as staffman,
while the other two act as chainmen taking all measurements, lining-in ranging
poles along the previously established centre line and leaving pegs at all tape
lengths.

A fly leveling is conducted from some nearby bench mark to the peg denoting
zero chainage. There after the leveling is in series form with intermediate sights
taken as necessary.

The tape is held at peg zero chainage and stretched out along the line of the
section. The chainmen and staffman work together and while the latter holds the
staff as a backsight at peg zero, the chainmen marks the changes in gradient
and calls out the chainages of these points to the observer.

12
 The staffman follows up and holds the staff at all of the changes of gradient.
When one tape length has been completed, a peg is left and the next length is
observed.

The procedure is repeated until the complete section has been leveled. As in all
surveying work a check must be provided. In sectioning this can be done by
flying leveling from the last point of the section to the commencing bench mark,
or to some other, closer, bench mark.

CROSS SECTION
(a) Plotting level cross sections
It may not be necessary actually to observe the levels in the field. The ground
across the centre line at any chainage point may be level or nearly so, in which
case the centre line level is assumed to apply across the line of the section.
The plotting is very similar to the plotting of longitudinal sections. One essential
difference, however is that the cross section is plotted to a natural scale i.e. the
horizontal and vertical scales are the same.

(b) Sloping cross section

In cases where the ground across the centre line at any chainage point is
obviously not flat, the following fieldwork is required to obtain levels for plotting
the cross sections

Fieldwork
Cross sections are taken at right angles to the longitudinal section at every point
observed on the latter. Generally this rule is not strictly observed and cross sections are
taken usually at every tape length. The following fieldwork is necessary.

1. Right angles are set out, using a simple hand instrument e.g. prism square or
optical square. Where the ground is relatively flat, the right angle may be judged
by eye. A ranging pole is inserted at either side of the centre line on the line of
the cross section.

13
2. A leveling just be made from the peg previously established on the centre line of
the longitudinal section, to every point where the gradient changes on the line of
the cross section. Where the ground is relatively flat, one instrument setting is
usually sufficient. If the cross

gradient is steep, a short series leveling is required. Each cross section is

independent of every other. The peg on the centre line at each tape length is a
temporary bench mark for its particular cross section.

3. Horizontal measurements must be made between all points at which level are
taken to cover the total width of the proposed works.

4. Procedure.
The procedure is much the same as that for longitudinal sections. One surveyor
and 3 assistants is the ideal number of personnel required. However, since the
distances involved are short, the surveyor and one assistant frequently take the
levels and measurements without further assistance.

Plotting
The plotting is very similar to the plotting of longitudinal sections. One essential
difference, however is that the cross section is plotted to a natural scale, i.e. the
horizontal and vertical scales are the same. The plotting is carried out in the following
manner:
1. The levels are reduced.
2. The longitudinal section is plotted.
3. A line representing some chosen height above datum is drawn for each cross
section and the measurements is drawn for each cross section and the
measurements to left and right of the centre line are scaled off accurately.

14
4. Perpendiculars are erected at each point so scaled and the reduced levels of
each point plotted.
5. The points are joined to form a natural profile of the ground.
6. The formation level of the proposed works is obtained from the table
accompanying the longitudinal section. This level is accurately plotted on the
cross section and a horizontal line, representing the roadway, is drawn through
the point.
7. The finished width of the road, called the formation width, is marked on the line
and the side slopes of the cutting are added.

DETAILING

Introduction
The approach to all surveys, whether it be to procedure a topographic map or the plan
for an engineering project is to establish in first instance a control framework as describe
previously, and then to fix detail or engineering features by measurement with respect to
the framework. The term of detail is a general one that implies features both above and
below ground level and at ground level.

There are four basic ways detail can be fixed respect to a known line. There are
offsetting, tie lines, radiation and intersection. The procedure chosen for job depend on
the personnel, the availability of equipment and the accuracy required must also be
considered. The accuracy required in detail surveying should always be considered
before the survey is stars. This is governed by two factors, the scale of the finishing plan,
and the accuracy with which is can be plotted.

Distinction is often made between ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ detail. Building, roads, walls and other
constructed features are called Hard Detail, whereas natural features including rivers
and vegetation are known as soft detail. Others definition includes overhead detail (for

15
example power and telephone line) and underground detail (for example, water pipe and
sewer runs.)

Many type of symbol are use to representing detail. Symbol must suitable with the
observed detail. Detail can be located from the control network by one of two methods,
either by using offsets and ties or by using radiation methods.
Offsets and ties can only locate detail in the plan position. If height information are
required, spot levels must be obtain at a later date by leveling at points of detail that
have already been located. Radiation method is usually enable both plan and height
information to be obtained.

CODE DETAIL
JO Road
IL Invert level
GL Ground level
LP Lamp post
BGN Building
PK Parking
SUM Sum
CULV Culvert
MH Main hole
PGL footpath
TGN Stair

Offsets And Ties

The offsets are taken at right angle to the lines running between control points. The
variations on the offset method where ties from two (or more) points are used to located
a corner of building. Since an offset is a line measured at right angles to a survey line to
particular features, it is necessary to establish a right angle. Detail surveying using
offsets and ties can only locate detail in the plan positions. Since all survey plans must
include height information this has to be added at some stage in the survey by the taking
spot height at points of detail that have already been located.

Radiation
Radiation is very suitable for detail collection. The process consist of measuring
a) The angles at control station between the directions to another control stations
and the points of detail.
b) The respective distances from the control stations to the points of detail.

16
c) The respective distance for the control stations by these point ( the vertical angle
are used to reduce the distance to the horizontal and to calculate height
difference).
Naturally the theodolite and tape can be used in combination to the position detail by
radiation, but the detail needs to lie within one tape length.

Intersection
The intersection is also used, but great care has to be taken when recording the
observations to ensure that the direction from one station is matched with the
corresponding direction from the other. This is because two are usually observed at
different times. The main use of this methods for the locations of well-defined detail that
is inaccessible from the control station because neither staff nor target is required.

Fieldwork Using Radiation

1) Instead of the leveling staff, a prism mounted on a detail pole is held at the point
being fixed and is observed by instrument.
2) Set up instrument at chosen station, the station must known coordinates.
3) Before start the observation, record height of instrument and height of prism pole
for calculation of detail data.
4) Observations will start with reading of the horizontal circle, the vertical circle,
slope distance and horizontal distance. Those data are booked in workbook.
5) The height of centre of the prism above the bottom of the detail pole (hp) must be
recorded.
6) Since accuracy of combined theodolite / EDM instrument are total station is very
height, typically ± 5mm for distance and ± 6” (and better) for angles. The values
displayed on the instrument’s screens can be booked directly onto the booking
sheets.
7) Its height accuracy capable enables EDM radiation to be used to pick up any
type of detail, hard or soft.

Booking and calculating radiation by total station.

For hand booking, some type of booking are necessary in order that the observation are
record accurately, neatly and can be used by others not necessarily involve with
fieldwork. Space should be provide on such a sheet to record the following for each point

17
such as horizontal circle, vertical circle, slope distance, horizontal distance, vertical
component, coordinate ( E, N) and reduced level (RL). The method of plotting to be used
can also influence the type of information records. Although individual tent to develop
their own method of booking as they gain experience. During the fieldwork, the height of
the prism was set equal to the height of the instrument.

Cutting
Tree

20 meter

Road

TAKING DETAILS
Drain Wall & cutting
Processing By CDS Software

Data Processing
1. We were using the CDS software to process the raw data from the total station
before we were transferring it into the autoCAD software.
2. After downloading all data from the total station to the computer using T-comp
program, data processing should be performed in CDS software first;

3. Firstly, open CDS software  select File  click Open option  select
Next

18
4. Rename the work and save it in one specific folder  Click open.

5. To import data from downloading data; click entry-data collectors 

select
import raw data option

6. Then, select set data collector format, Dysincai using Topcon-fc5, gts6 format.
7. After that, browse the file data have been saved  Click “Ok” button.

19
8. After that, select format computer  click “Ok” button

9. Click “Yes” button to view the data.

10. Then, the data have been import such below;

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11. To view the data in plot form, click “option”  select “store data” in the database.

12. The data will be shown as below;

13. Click “contour”  select “surface parameter” to process the contour;

21
14. Set the format for layer, modes and surface parameter;

15. Click “reset” at the surface point selected parameter;

16. Select all and after that select “Ok” button;

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17. Then, click “contour”  select “surface area” for the area that will be creating the
contour

18. Select “display” for all area  click “Ok” button;

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19. Select “Contour-form model” to create triangulation network for each point;

20. For the contour processing, the triangulation will be calculate in the automatic
way;

21. Select “contour”  “calculate”  “contour” , to calculate the contour;

24
22. The contour will be calculated and will be shown;

23. Click “point”  “edit” to establish the point contour no need as building;

25
24. “Window edit/query” will be shown below. Then, click the point that will be edited.
25. Select “non contourable” option.
26. After finish, repeat this process to process the contour again;

27. Click “file-plot parameter “ to exports plan or detail to the AutoCAD;

28. In the “Windows export control”, set the format like drawing name and location
will be saved;

26
29. Set the detail will be import  Click “Ok” button;

30. Next, click “file-position plot parameter” to set the area that will be export;

31. Set the data area;

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32. After that, click “file-export dwg” option  AutoCad Editing;

33. All editing detail work will be done at the AutoCAD 2002 and 2006 software;

34. Cross section and Long-section will be done using autolips program in the
AutoCAd software

Processing By autoCAD Software

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1. In AutoCAD, to create the good and better details plan or cross-section plan,
editing involves the important feature at the field such as:
 cutting
 road
 invert / drain
 sump and culvert
 structure / building
 height value

2. What need to do in editing the plan is connecting the line of details point, draw
building properly, create cutting and erase or break line at any feature that are
intersect and select some of important of height value

COMMENT AND SUGGESTION

SITI HASNIZA BT MUHAMMAD ARSHAD

29
2009277708

Firstly, I want to express Alhamdulillah and thanks to Allah SWT because of His
Merciful, this practical has been done and the report exactly submitted on the time. I am
also would like to have this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and warmest
appreciation to En Johar who have assisted us in this practical. Especially to all my
group members, who have giving me the honest cooperation both in discussion and in
accomplishing the objective of the practical and also whose contribution falls directly or
indirectly in the preparation and completion of this practical.

Trough this route survey/strip survey/detailing fieldwork, I have learn more things
in surveying field and could improving my skills and experience in conducting and
performing the route survey job considered with establishing control point (x, y and z),
creating alignment of the road, taking detail, conducting cross and long sectioning of the
road, downloading data from the total station, process data by using CDS software and
prepare the route survey plan by using auto CAD software.

I have an experience that even though pegging the chainages at every 10m
interval for 3 chainage that from chainage CH030 until chainage CH60. However, the
problem is the weather. The not constant weather makes us stop the job halfway. So, we
are strike to finishing the job during the weekends. Besides that, there are many spatial
detail was took compared the other group. That is because so many spatial detail there
including culvert, building, main hole and many more.

Generally, the steps that are involved during the practical are firstly traversing,
leveling, detailing, chainage, cross-section and long-section and processing the data
until produce a plan. The leveling survey was established from the TBM with the
reduced level of 100.000m to all the chainages. The heighting is important for detailing
survey to show the height of every permanent topographic detail that was recorded in
the total station.

NURUL WAHIBA BT MUSTAFA

2009696814

30
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Assalamualaikum w.b.t. First of all I would to express my gratefulness to Allah for giving
me and my group members an opportunity to finish up our survey work. Thank you also
to my group members for their good cooperation and full commitment, if not we can’t
finish this task on time and in proper way. Also not to forget En.Johar for giving we full
briefing about the survey work and helping us when we are having a trouble doing this
task.

Route Surveying is conduct for the planning, design, and construction of any route of
transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of person, materials, and
movement of the messages.From this practical, we have learned how to manage and
construct the route survey. The main point is to produce a detail plan and profile with
cross and long section to help the route construction.

We are required to upgrading a road. Traversing has done to get the horizontal control
(x, y) and parallel along existing route. We use angle checking to ensure our traverse is
in straight line. We have learned how to pick up all details by cross-section and long-
section while traversing. The detail is very important for engineer to get presice value of
ground height and detail position for the developement planning. Typical detail have
collected such as trees, existing roads, walls, cutting, drainage and invert level, lamp
post (LP) and etc. Then, all the details will be recorded in Total Station which will be
transfer to CDS software in computer. We also measure the drainage and sump shape
with tape for engineer and authorities reference which it could be to avoid occur the
flood.

All raw data will be processed in CDS software and the result will be display as a profile
cross- section and long-section. In CDS software, we create the contour around the data
surveying while TIN in CDS will be used to make contour more smoothed. Then we are
process data and then export it to the AutoCad to produce our route survey plan.
The entire task we have it done in proper way and well. Problems that occur during the
practical we had take it as a lesson and a guideline as a learning process.
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN ADZMI
2009802022

31
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamu'alaykum w.b.t

Alhamdulillah. Grateful thanks to Allah is the only who can give us ideas and zest
especially to complete this route surveying practical. I wish to thank Prof. Madya Dr.
Rosmadi Ghazali and En. Johar also En. Azman for providing me with the opportunity to
work alongside him, and for all he has taught me in Advance Engineering Survey and for
his openness to ideas and also for his patience and guidance in the way of my education
and beyond. I also wish to thank my friends for so many things, but mainly for not only
telling me, but for providing me with the means to ensure that anything is possible. In
this practical, we made a ROUTE SURVEY. It describes about how to carry out route
survey in engineering work and teach students to understand the concept of route
survey technique

The site that given to us for this practical is the road nearby at Padang Kawad. From
there we made some reconnaissance at that in order to see the view and condition of
that place/site. After that as usual we made some pegs on the ground as a chainage
before we do a measurement of that route survey. According to the survey route location
first thing first, we must make a Reconnaissance Survey in order to carry out a major
Desk Study or Preliminary Sources Study of the bands/corridors being evaluated within
the region. A good Preliminary Source Survey will result in great savings in both time
and resources, as it helps ensure the early recognition of difficult routes and allow for
better planning in real job.

Moreover, We take a lot of details for every chainage that we built. Since take detail, we
have learn how to pick details such as invert, cutting, ground level and other with using
own coding to representative that details. Detail survey is very important since it will
shows all the detail on ground in the plan. Alhamdulillah, we do this work until done.
After the data was recorded in the Total Station, then transfered the data from Total
Station to Tough Book using T-comp software and follow all the settings. The item
settings from the Total Station and the software T-comp must be equal. If not, the data
cannot be transfer. Then the data must be saved in .gt6 extension in that T-comp
software. After that, we used CDS to upload all data that taken. From CDS we can get
the coordinate, reduced level for every detail and also has the contour. Then we form a

32
contour and cross section drawing for every chainage. After finish the process in CDS,
we transfer the drawing to AutoCAD for make a plan.

Thanks a lot to the lecturer for the guidance. I got an experience that even though
pegging the chainages at every 10m interval, there is lot of problems in order to creating
a straight alignment. That is because there are little corner in between chainage. The not
constant rain makes us stop the job always. So, we are strike to finishing the job during
the weekends.

As conclusion, good communication between the observer, data recorder, and the pole
person is very important in order to minimize the human errors that can affected the
precision of the survey job. Walkie talkie is the important instrument for us to
communicate properly.

SITI RUWAIDAH ISTIQOMA BINTI USMAN CHOLIK

2009247258

As a conclusion, we finally reach the objective in finished up our task in planning

widening the selected road with according the time that been given. According the fix
schedule which is every week on Thursday at 10.30 to 12.30pm where was given the
explanation about this task early of our studies. We collect data and study information
about the area along and surrounding the road for the details.

After collects the details, we continue our jobs in process the data using CDS
and AutoCAD software. Using CDS, we can save a lot of time in process data because
its ability to speed up calculation and quick changes in any perform. Many different
design can be compared and optimum solution be found using design, automate and
other tools. It also avoid us error and inconsistently in plotting the data if plot by hand.
From the data that we process, the result is topographic plan, number of drawings such
as detail plans, longitudinal and cross-sectional drawing are prepared at convenient
scales.
MOHD FIRDAUS MD ALIP
2009272236

33
 Base on the practical survey, I can conclude that Route Surveying is one of the major
components in the Engineering Surveying. To do this job it involved a good planning and
co-operation with all of member’s in group. Generally, the steps that are involved during
the practical are traversing, leveling, detailing, chainage, cross-section and long-section
and processing the data using Civil Design and Survey programmer (CDS) to produce a
plan. Route Surveying is conduct for the planning, design, and construction of any route
of transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of person, materials, and
movement of the messages.

We also face with a lot of problems at site and during the processing to produce a
plan. We find that it is difficult to take detail on the cutting because the cutting was too
slope for us to climb, but it does not makes us give up to finished the detail survey. Here,
we have taken many types of details like road, drainage, tree, main hole and etc. Then,
all the details will be record in EDM instrument which will be transfer to PC. After we
have done all our field survey, we are transfer all data that we have key in total station to
CDS software in computer. All data will be managed in the software and the result will be
display as a profile cross section and long section. By using the software, we also can
create the contour around the data surveying and TIN in CDS will be use to make
contour more smoother. Then we are process data and then export it to the auto cad to
produce our route survey plan. This also take time to finish because of there are lot data
to process. After all the data been process we produce the plan such as drawing plan,
longitudinal and cross sectional plan.

We have to work over time on other day than the practical day to finish the task early
because we don’t want to do it in Ramadan month. So all the difficulties we faced give
us more experience on conducting route surveying job.

I realize that this practical also is really important to me as a future surveyor because
route surveying, setting out survey, and the application of surveying CDS soft ware is
important when we work as a surveyor.

MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL

2009837016

34
Alhamdulillah for the completion of the job. In this task we were required to conduct a
detailing, route and strip survey and have been assigned to the Chainage 30.00 until
Chainage 60.00.

We started the survey with an assumed coordinate N10000 E10000 at Chainage 40.00
and the method used to observe the detail is radial method.

It is because the area of details given was small with 20 meters corridor and 30 meters
profiles. Plus the observation can clearly be made from the station and can cover all the
chainages and do not need to move to another chainage.

The reduced level of each chainage was being determined and transferred from an
assumed reduced level at Chainage 00 of 30.00 meter.

The details taken is being stored in the total station and once the job was finished it
would be uploaded to the computer and being processed using the Civil Design Survey
(CDS) software. After being processed, the data would be exported to AutoCAD to be
edited and for preparing a plan. Then the Cross Section, Long Section and Details Plan
can be produced.

I would like to conclude that the job was greatly done without so much trouble. And
many thanks for my fellow friends in helping and AP Rosmadi Ghazali, Encik Johar, for
the guidance.

MASTURA BT HAMZAN
2009285534

35
 Assalamualaikum, firstly I want to say thanks to our lecturer, Dr. Rosmadi b.
Ghazali and our guide practical, En Johar that teach us how to make the practical work
in class and at side. Thanks to our group members, Muhammad Firdaus, Siti Hasniza,
Siti Ruwaidah Istiqoma’, Mohd Ruzaini, Mohd Firdaus Alip and Nurul Wahiba that
already help and finish in done this practical work too.

As we know, Route surveying is conduct for the planning, design and

construction of any route of transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of
person, materials, and movement of the messages.

From this practical, we have learned how to manage and construct the route
survey. The main point is to produce a detail plan and profile with cross and long section
to help the route construction. We are required to upgrading a road. The location for our
practical is the road along the Complex Sports in UiTM. Traversing has done to get the
horizontal control and parallel along existing route. Along traverse we are marked
chainage every 10 meters intervals by using tape and last points at 90 meters. We are
named the chainages as CH000, CH010, CH020 until CH090.

Meanwhile, leveling is to get height (z) from the existing TBM to transfer the
height to our chainages and station point. In the leveling work, we get error and this error
caused by collimation error which may be the distance among 2 staff and the level
instrument was not in the same range. Besides that, the position of staff could be not
entering in the bubble. The human error and heat refraction also give impact to our
leveling result.

We have learned how to pick –up all details by cross- section and long- section
while traversing. The detail is very important for engineer to get precise value of ground
height and detail position for the development planning. Typical details have collected
such as trees, existing roads, walls, cutting, drainage, lamp post and so on. Then, all the
details will be recorded in Total Station which will be transfer to CDS software in
computer.
In cross-section and long-section work, we found that the error of reading from
chainage to chainage. May be the error was come from the equipment and human error.

36
Generally, the equipment has some error or parallax. Weather condition may effect our
observation to get some error.

All raw data will be processed in CDS software and the result will be display as a
profile cross- section and long-section.Then we are process data and then export it to
the AutoCad to produce our route survey plan. Nevertheless, using CDS is easier to joint
all details compared to AutoCAD because we just need to key-in all the data and then
process but in AutoCAD we have to key-in the data one by one and joint the details
which is much more complicated.

In conclusion, I am very satisfied with this route surveying. This is because I gain
a lot of knowledge about procedure and method to finish the route survey. Besides, I
learn to use variety method and software for engineering survey. Lastly, this practical
gives many benefits for me that I can use in the future.

SUMMARY

37
The main objective of this practical is how to make route by using surveying method. We
use long section and cross section method. The most important thing before we start
the work is to make a reconnaissance. This is because reconnaissance is our first
impression about the information surrounding the site that we want to make route
surveying.

We make leveling to know the elevation, which is starting from TBM (Temporary
Bench Mark). This elevation will be use at every chainages which are CH30, CH40,
CH50 and CH 60 to draw longitudinal and cross sectional plan. In leveling, we make a
correction which is the value of correction is 5mm.

There are many types of software that can use to process the data such as CDS.
However, we use CDS (Civil Designing Surveying) software to process the data. We can
make a conclusion here, which is CDS is quite good based on data collection, data
contour, data draw and data adjust. It can automatically draw lines and insert symbols
on points we collect.

Furthermore, in data contour, it can model surfaces from random points. In addition, it
can create DWG file which is when we had finish process data in CDS, then we export
the data into CAD software mainly we use AUTOCAD 2002. In AUTOCAD 2002, we can
make plans to produce longitudinal and cross section plan. Besides that, CDS also can
design 2D/3D by using CDS tools.

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