Mo Hist

ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f jzpfpOforkdif;
uefo
Y wf
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f
jzpfpOforkdif;
uefo
Y wf
ed'gef;
1/
jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD\ OD;aqmifrI? &ckdifjynfe,f a'oygwDaumfrwD\vrf;Tefcsufrsm;ESihftnD?
&yfuGufaus;&Gmtkyfpk(100)yg0ifonfh ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f\NrdKUe,f rSwfwrf;ukd jyKpkwifjyoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ ,if;odkY
wifjy&mwGif(u) NrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOf
(c)
EkdifiHa&;jzpfpOf
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(C) pD;yGm;a&;tajctae
(i)
vlrIa&;u@
wkdYyg0ifMurnf jzpfygonf/
2/
rSwfwrf;tjzpf jyKpkMu&onfhtwGuf oufqkdif&mu@rsm;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY azmfjyEdkifjcif; r&Sdyg/
,if;aMumifh rSwfwrf;onf avhvmolrsm;\ taxmuftuljyKvufpGJpmwrf;oabmrQom jzpfygonf/ rSwfwrf;
jyKpka&;twGuf NrdKUe,frSwfwrf;jyKpka&;aumfrwDukd 1982 ck ZGefv (14)&ufaeYwGif zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; (15)&ufaeYrSp
kH;zGifhaqmif&GufcJhMuygonf/ ,if;aumfrwDrSwqifh vkyfief;aumfrwD(5)&yfukd wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;um tcsuftvufrsm;
&SmazGpkaqmif;jcif;? pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ukd avhvmjcif;? oufqkdifolrsm;xHodkY uGif;qif;awGUqkHaqG;aEG;ar;jref;jcif;?
udprsm;ukd BudKwifaqmif&GufcJhygonf/ ,if;aemuf 1982 ck Zlvkdifv(1)&ufaeYrS Mo*kwfv (20)&uftwGif; pmrlMurf;
rsm;ukd jyKpkcJhMuNyD;? Mo*kwfv(27)&ufaeYrS (31)&ufaeYxd dEIdif;tpnf;ta0;rS qkH;jzwftwnfjyKcJhMuygonf/
uefo
Y wf
NrKd Ue,fjzpfpOforkid ;f
yx0D0iftaetxm;
(u) wnfae&mSESifh tus,ft0ef;
ajrmufOD;NrdKUonf ajrmufvwDwG'f (20H 35J'D*&D)ESihf ta&SUavmif*sDwG'f (9H 12J'D*&D)wGif wnf&Sdaeygonf/
tdrfeD;csif;NrdKUe,frsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif; wnf&Sdaeygonf/ ajrmufbuf yvuf0NrdKUe,fESifh 23 rkdif 2zmvkHxd
e,ferdwf qufpyfaeygonf/ ta&SUbuf rif;jym;NrdKUe,fESihf 34 rkdif 2zmvkHxd e,ferdwf qufpyfaeygonf/
taemufbuf ykPm;uRef;NrdKUe,f ukvm;wefjrpfjcm;vQuf 18rkdif 2zmvkHxd qufpyfvQuf &Sdaeygonf/ awmifbuf
aygufawmNrdKUe,fESihf 14rkdif 7 zmvkHxd e,ferdwfqufpyfvQuf&Sdygonf/ ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,fonf ajrmufbufrS
awmifbufodkY tus,fqkH; 23 rkdif&SdNyD;vQif ta&SUbufrS taemufbufodkY 21.3 rkdifus,fonf/ {&d,mpwk&ef;rkdif
(490)&SdNyD; {u(313782)&Sdonf/ &efukefNrdKUrS taemufajrmufaxmifh rkdif(400) cefYtuGmwGif wnf&Sdonf/
yifv,fa&rsufESmjyiftxuf eef;awmfukef; yxrtqifhxd 47.591ay jrifhonf/
(c) ajrrsufESmoGifjyif
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,fonf ta&SUbufESihf ajrmufbufwkdYwGif awmifwef;rsm;&SdNyD; awmifbufwGif awmifukef;i,f
rsm;ESihf v,fuGif;rsm;&Sdonf/ taemufbufwGif v,fuGif;BuD;rsm; &Sdonf/ ajredrfhcsKdifh0Srf;[l oD;jcm;r&SdbJ taemuf
bufESihf awmifbuf&Sd ajredrfhvGifjyifrsm;wGif v,f,mvkyfief;ukd vkyfukdifMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f\ta&SUbufwGif av;NrdKUawmifwef;? avif;awmifwef;? ajrmufbufwGif &rf;acsmif;
awmifwef;? vif;a>rawmifwef;? awmifbufwGif argif;qGJ? yg;awmf? oH&Sifjyif? o&ufyifBuD;awmifukef;rsm; &Sdonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKU ywfvnfwGif awmifukef;rsm; 0ef;&HvQuf&Sdonf/ if;wkdYrSm 0rf;wdewfawmif? avomawmif
a&Tawmif? euwfawmif? ZlEwfawmif? &Sifi,fwufawmif? vufqnfuefawmif? ukd;e0if;awmif? "mwfa&T*lawmif?
wcGufq&mawmif? awmifkdawmif? awmifjzLawmif? ocsFyfawmif? pyg;pkawmif? qif0ifawmif? om&yAwawmif?
&uawmif? 'vufawmif? rusm;awmif? iêufauawmif? ,ufaohjzLawmif? [&Dawmif? oCDsawmif? &Sijf r0gawmif?
a&T*lawmif? vGrf;awmif? jrawmif? arQmfawmfrlawmifwkdY jzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd vQKdajrmifrsm;rSm Zifawmajrmif;? ydef;awmajrmif;? aZmf*sDajrmif? anmifcsKdifajrmif
wkdY jzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f&Sd jrpfrsm;rSm [if;ca&mfjrpf? ajymif;jymjrpf? av;NrdKUjrpf? Muufusjrpf? o&Dacsmif;? &rf;acsmif;?
if;wkdYonf ajrmufzufrS awmifzufodkY pD;qif;Muonf/ a&wufa&us&Sd rkd;wGif; a&pD;oefonf/ rkd;&moDwGif
av;NrdKUjrpf\ a&pD;EIef;rSm wem&DvQif (7)rkdifrS (10)cefYxd a&pD;oefonf/ usefjrpfrsm;rSm (3)rkdifrS (5)rkdifxd
a&pD;onf/ o&Dacsmif;ESifh &rf;acsmif;wkrYd mS taumuftauGUrsm;onf/ acsmif;usO;f aomfvnf; a&eufojzihf tcsed t
f cg
ra&G; avS? ormefrsm; oGm;vmEkdifonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd tif;tkdifrsm;rSm (1) uRJwif;xdrfajrmif; (2) 0g;vkH;jyefajrmif; (3) &JvSBuD;ajrmif;?
(4)&JvSacsajrmif;? (5)ykqkd;zGwfajrmif; (6) Mumcavmufajrmif; (7) uRJaoajrmif; (8) cg;BudK;orajrmif; (9)
rD;orajrmif; (10) rif;orD;ajrmif; (11) yef;qD;ajrmif; (12) i^BuJajrmif; (13) awmifkdajrmif;? (14) ausmuf&mZf
ajrmif;? (15) awmif&SDajrmif;/ (16) o&ufwyifajrmif;? (17) w'Gwfajrmif;? (18) ykPm;ajrmif; (19) iref;'kHtif;
(20) bkef;BuD;'kHtif;? (21) a0omvDtif; (22) tabmifa':tif; (23) tkdif;0ef;tif; (24) Mumacstif; (25)
w&mpm;tif; (26) &THUaysmhtif; (27) vufqD;uef (142.32 {uus,fonf) (28)tEkruef(74.94 {uus,f
onf) (29) tabmifa':tif; (62 {uus,fonf)/
azmfjyygtif;rsm;ESihf ajrmif;rsm;rSm a&S;&ckdifbk&ifrsm; tkyfpkd;pOfu usKH;BuD;rsm;tjzpf tokH;jyKMuonf/ t*Fvdyf
uefo
Y wf
wkdY tkyfpkd;pOfu a&csKdig;arG;NyD;? tcsKdUpD;yGm;a&; &SmcJhMuonf/ txl;ojzihf ig;wdef;ukd arG;jrLMuonf/ ,cktcg

tcsKUd aom tif;Bu;D ajrmif;Bu;D rsm;ukd a&azmufNy;D ? v,f,mvkyu
f idk f aeMuonf/ vufq;D uefrS a&ukpd ufjzihf ajrmufO;D
NrdKU wpfckvkH;okdY NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm; tokH;jyK&ef a&ay;vQuf &Sdonf/
(*) &moDOwk
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd a,bl,s&moDOwk tajctaerSm yltkdufpGwfpkdaom &moDOwk&Sdonf/ aEG&moDwGif
yltkdufvGef;NyD;? aqmif;&moDwGif at;vGef;aomaMumihf &moDOwkjyif;jyonf/ aEG&moD(atNyDv)wGif ESpfpOftjrifhqkH;
tyl&SdefrSm ysrf;rQjcif;tm;jzihf (103.7'D*&D)zm&if[kduf&SdcJhonf/ 1980 ckESpfwGif tjrifhqkH;tylcsdefrSm (107.4'D*&D)
zm&if[kdufxd jrifhwufcJhNyD;? 1981-ckESpfwGif tjrifhqkH;tyl&SdefrSm (99.5 'D*&D) zm&if[kdufom &SdcJhonf/
aqmif;&moD (Zefe0g&Dv)wGif ESpfpOfysrf;rQ tedrfhqkH;tyl&SdefrSm (48.6 'D*&D) zm&if[kduf &SdcJhonf/ 1980
ckESpfwGif (46.7 'D*&D)zm&if[kdufxd edrfhqif;cJhNyD;? 1981-ckESpfwGif? (50 'D*&D)zm&if[kduf &SdcJhonf/ 1980 ckESpfESihf
1981 ckESpf tyl&Sdefrsm;rSm tvGefuGm[aeaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,fwGif ,cifu rkd;a&csdefvufr(200)xd &GmoGef;cJhbl;aomfvnf;? ,cktcg rkd;a&csdefvufr
enf;yg;aeaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ 1978 ckESpfwGif (125.38)vufr? 1979-ckESpfwGif (131.79)vufr? 1980ckESpfwGif (166.07)vufrxd wpfESpfxufwpfESpf rkd;a&csdefvufr ykdrkdvmonfukd awGUcJh&aomfvnf;? 1981-ckESpfwGif?
rkd;a&csdefvufr (115.41)vufrom &GmoGef;cJhaMumif; awGU&onf/ 1981-ckESpfwGif rkd;a&csdefvufr usqif;&onfrSm
tjrifhqkH;tyl&Sdef? tedrfhqkH;tyl&Sdefrsm;onf ysrf;rQjcif;xuf tvGefedrfhvGef;jcif;? jrifhvGef;jcif;wkdYaMumihf jzpfEkdifonf/
1981-ckESpf? tyl&Sdefrsm;rSm tjrifhqkH;(99.5 'D*&D)zm&if[kdufom&SdNyD;? tedrfhqkH;tyl&SdefrSm (50 'D*&D)zm&if
[ku
d o
f m&Scd o
hJ nf/ aEG&moDwiG v
f nf; tvGerf yl? aqmif;&moDwiG v
f nf; tvGerf at;rIaMumihf rk;d a&csed v
f ufr enf;vGe;f
cJh&onf[k cefYrSef;Edkifonf/
1982-ckESpfwGifrl tedrfhqkH;tyl&Sdefukd rodEkdifao;aomfvnf;? tjrifhqkH;tyl&SdefrSm (104 'D*&D) zm&if[kduf
&SdcJhrIaMumihf ,ckESpfwGif rkd;a&csdefvufronf Mo*kwfv(31)&ufaeYxd (11.96)vufrausmf &GmoGef;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/
ajrmufO;D NrKd Ue,fwiG f 1968 ckEpS ?f ig;ref;&dyu
f Re;f wdu
k cf ahJ om rkew
f idk ;f 'gPfaMumih?f taqmuftOD;tenf;i,f
ysufpD;rI&SdcJhonf/ rkd;oufavjyif;ESifh a&jyif? ajrjyifavrsm; rMumcPwkdufcwfonf/
(C) ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd awGU&SdEkdifaom wd&dpmefrsm;

(1)qif (2) ajymif (3) EGm;kdif; (4) qwf (5) *sD (6) awm0uf (7) awmacG; (8) acG;t (9) usm;BuD; (10)
usm;ukwf (11) usm;0H (12) awmaMumif (13) aMumifjrif; (14) arsmufkd (15) jym;arsmuf (16) arsmufvTJausmf
(17) arsmufzifeD (18) arsmufaESmif (19) zGwf (20) ykwfoifkd (21) ykoifysH (22) uif;vdyfacsm (23) vdyfukef;
(24) vdyfnhH (25) pyg;BuD;a>r? (26) pyg;tkH;a>r (27) ief;0gusm; (28) ief;ykwf (29) a>ra[muf (30) vif;a>r?
(31) a&a>r (32) ief;awmfusm; (33) a>rydwkH; (34) a>rpdrf; (35) MuufOckd;a>r (36) oif;acGcsyf (37) jzL (38)
a>ryg ponfwkdYjzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd awGU&aom a&ow0grsm;

(1) rD;ausmif; (2) vif;ykdif (3) zsH (4) ig;awmufwl (5) uufuwpf (6) ig;wef (7) ig;jrif; (8) ig;ref;
(9) ig;zm; (10) ig;pkwf (11) ig;cl (12) ig;oavmuf (13) ig;z,f (14) ig;&HU (15) ig;0rf;yl (16) ig;uHom;
(17) ig;pif; (18) ig;ckH; (19) ig;ajy (20) ig;Munf; (21) ig;wdef; (22) ig;qmzm (23) ig;ykwfoif (24) ig;Ekoef;
(25) ig;awmifif; (26) ig;&pfr (27) ig;pifkdif; (28) ig;wdef;ig;wkwf (29) ig;vdyfausmuf (30) ig;eufjym
(31) ig;csOfh (32) ig;a[muf (33) ig;z,kH (34) ig;0uf (35) ig;tkyf (36) ig;atmufpzkd (37) ig;v0g (38)
ig;pvkH; (39) ig;ylwif; (40) ig;aMumif; (41) ig;ovJxkd; ponfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; awGY&Sd&aom ykd;rTm;rsm;
uefo
Y wf
(1) ysm; (2) ysm;ydwkH; (3) ,ifysm; (4) wJysm; (5) oayghpmysm; (6) ESHaumiftrsKd;rsKd; (7) yk&pf (8)
eusnfaumif (9) armif;axmif;aumif (10) yk&GufqdwftrsKd;rsKd; (11) cgcsOftrsKd;rsKd; (12) awmifhusD (13)
iarQmifawmif (14) &Gufvdyfykd; (15) ESHpkyfykd; (16) avmifrD;ykd; (17) vdyfjymtrsKd;rsKd; (18) yifhultrsKd;rsKd; (19)
uif;ajcrsm; (20) uif;NrD;aumuf (21) ykd;eoHaumif (22) ykd;[wf (23) ,ifaumif (24) jcifaumif (25)
eH,kefaumif (26) rSuf (27) ykd;pkef;MuL; (28) Murf;ykd; (29) a&ykd; (30) zvH (31) yvDyvm (32) claumiftrsKd;rsKd;
(33) EGm;acs;ykd; (34) yokHef; (35) ykd;a*smf*sD (36) pkdifhpD (37) rkqdk;racG; ponfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
(i) tyifrsm;
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; awGU&Sd&aomtyifrsm;
yifapmuftrsKd;
(1) unifyif (2) axmufBuHhyif (3) oH*vDyif (4) 'D;'l;yif (5) vufyHyif (6) ozef;yif (7) xef;yif
(8) yDyif (9) vufckyfyif (10) ysOf;uwkd;yif (11) pHum;yif (12) opfuwkd;yif (13) befYabG;yif (14) bif*yif
(15) ukvm;rD;aoG;yif (16) oDacgufyif (17) ysOf;ryif (18) aus;yif (19) a*G;yif (20) OoQpfyif (21) cGHqwf
yif (22) a&reDyif (23) yifv,fZD;yif (24) vrkyif (25) uefYaumfyif (26) ESrf;zJyif (27) jyKef;rpmyif (28)
xdefyif (29) vGefyif (30) awyif (31) opfykwfyif (32) awmydEJyif (33) rSifawmufyif (34) pkdifhyif (35)
vbufyif (36) awmo&ufyif ponfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
yif0kdif;trsKd;
(1) ca&yif (2) anmifyif (3) anmifydEJyif (4) anmifMuwfyif (5) ukudKyif (6) ydawmufyif (7)
pif;>yef;yif (8) pr,fyif (9) uopfyif (10) oajyyif (11) ZD;jzLyif (12) oQoQm;yif (13) aygufyif (14)
arsmufikdyif (15) Muufkd;yif (16) oeyfyif (17) cwufyif (18) jymyif (19) a&pkd;yif (20) pkyfzGm;yif (21)
a&SmufcsKdyif (22) uRJaumyif ponfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; obm0tavsmuf aygufa&mufaeaom aq;yifrsm;/

(1) bkHr&mZm (2) uef;csKyfeD (3) r&m;BuD; (4) pDwm&m (5) tif'kdif;aq;eD (6) pwkcg;? (7) oHylEG,f
(8) jrif;cGm (9) rdwfovif (10) wdvifuom (11) izkef;aq; (12) plXmeyg (13) qDrD;awmuf (14) acG;awmuf
(15) qifomrEG,f (16) qifxkH;rEG,f (17) bl;cg;k (18) pyg;BuD;onf;ajcjrpf (19) wGif;eufjrpf (20) y&E0g
(21) urEwf (22) vufxkwfyif (23) ESyfNcdK (24) opf&if;BuD; (25) opf&if;uwkd; (26) EGm;ar&if; (27)
qifESmarmif; (28) om;vSaus;Zl; (29) Muufqlyif (30) pkdif;onfyif (31) &Gufusyifayguf (32) uvdefaph (33)
u&0dwf? (34) &Sm;apmif;BuD; (35) aMumifacs;yif (36) u'ufO (37) aq;vkdifywf (38) 'ifhusKd; (39) ikyfaumif;
(40) ycsif; (41) rkwf (42) zmvm (43) qdwfzl; (44) qEGif;cg; (45) y'aMum (46) vif;def (47) rif;ukd;um
(48) ql;acgufeuf (49) zefcg; (50) ZD;jzL (51) &Sm;jzL (52) usm;pk (53) arsmufqdwf (54) iapG&Sif (55) iNyD&Sif
(56) o0ifaygufjzL (57) atmfav; (58) wyaq; (59) qdwfzvl; (60) qdwfESH (61) {u&mZf (62) r[mavSum;
(63) EGm;vQmBuD; (64) tvdkus (65) [if;ca&mf (66) pkdif;vkdif; (67) ayG;ukdif; (68) pdyfif; (69) ctkH;cg;
ponfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd obm0aygufa&mufaom yef;rmvfrsm;/

(1) ydawmufyef; (2) ikH;pyfyef; (3) bkHr&mZmyef; (4) aus;yef; (5) ESif;yef;jzL (6) ESif;yef;eD (7) o&zD
yef; (8) uefYaumfyef; (9) tifMuif;yef; (10) pHum;0gyef; (11) pum;eDyef; (12) pHum;pdrf;yef; (13) wkyfpum;
uefo
Y wf
yef;teD (14) wkyfpHum;yef;tjzL (15) tausmfyef; (16) za,mif;vufwHyef; (17) a&Twlyef; (18) aiGwlyef;
(19) <uufem;yef; (20) mpdrf;yef; (21) cwmyef; (22) rkd;pvyfyef; (23) ajroZifyef; (24) cGmkdyef; (25)
pdefyef;? (26) aZmfueDyef; (27) rkd;ZDyef; (28) aMumifNrD;wkH;yef; (29) pG,fawmfyef; (30) py,fyef; (31) jrwfav;
yef; (32) Muufkef;yef; (33) oeyfcg;yef; (34) a*:oZifyef; (35) aqmifawmful;yef; (36) xm;0,frIdif;yef;
(37) vkyfp&Dyef; (38) MumjzL (39) MumeD (40) Mumkd (41) Mumacgif;avmif; (42) MumwHqdyf (43) MumykP&dyf
ponfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
2/ NrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOf
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOfukd jyKpk&mwGif NrdKUe,f&Sd a&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;taMumif;ukd tusOf;rQ azmfjyrS
om jynhfpkHaom orkdif;wpfapmif jzpfvmayrnf/ ,if;aMumihf ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,fwGif &Sdaom a&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;
jzpfMuonfh a0omvDNrdKU? yOmNrdKU? yk&defNrdKU? ae&O&mNrdKUESifh avmif;MuufNrdKUrsm;taMumif;ukd &mpkESpftvkduf azmfjyvkduf
&ayonf/
a0omvDacwf (at'D 350 rS 818 xd)

a0omvDNrdKUonf ajrmufvwDwG'f 20 'D*&D 40J? ta&SUavmif*sDwG'f 93 'D*&D 9JwGif&Sd ajrmufOD;NrdKU\
ajrmufzuf (5)rkid cf eft
Y uGmwGif wnf&o
dS nf/ a0omvDNrKd U\taemufzufwiG f ukvm;wefjrpf\vufwuf wpfcjk zpfaom
&rf;acsmif;&Sdonf/ NrdKU\ta&SUzufwGif &rf;acsmif;awmifwef;BuD; wnf&Sdonf/ NrdKUkd;wnfaeykHrSm ajrmufzufESihf
ta&SUzuf ajzmifw
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hf aemufzufwiG f auG;aeonf/ NrKd Uukjd zwf &rf;acsmif;rS acsmif;vufwufi,f
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(2)
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/
405
(3)
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425
(4)
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/
434
(5)
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/
456
(6)
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463
(7)
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/
469
(8)
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/
476
(9)
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500
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/
555
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/
558
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/
570
(13) "&wdpÈ
/
577
xd
405
425
434
456
463
469
476
500
555
558
570
577
579
10
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55
20
9
22
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6
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24
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3
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------------aygif;-230
=============
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592
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629
/
645
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700
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592
604
616
629
645
681
684
700
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------------aygif;-129
=============
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(14)
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at'D - 818
/
828
/
843
/
873
/
904
/
936
/
969
/
984
/
986
/
1014
/
1034
/
1062
/
1068
/
1076
/
1090
xd
828
843
873
904
936
969
984
986
1014
1034
1062
1068
1076
1090
1103
eef ; ouf E S p f
10
15
30
31
32
33
15
2
28
20
28
6
8
14
13
------------aygif;-285
=============
yXyyk&defNrdKU (at'D 1103 rS 1123 xd ESpfaygif; 20)

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14
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
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at'D - 1103
/
1109
/
1110
/
1113
/
1115
/
1118
xd
1109
1110
1113
1115
1118
1123
eef ; ouf E S p f
6
1
3
2
3
5
------------aygif;-20
=============
'kwd,yk&defNrdKU (at'D 1123 rS 1161 xd ESpfaygif; 38ESpf)

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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
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at'D - 1123
/
1139
/
1142
/
1149
/
1151
/
1160
xd
1139
1142
1149
1151
1160
1161
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=============
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
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1161
1166
1168
1170
1173
xd
1166
1168
1170
1173
1185
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2
2
3
12
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
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15
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/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
1185
1190
1193
1199
1204
1210
1220
1222
1232
1235
1246
1190
1193
1199
1204
1210
1220
1222
1232
1235
1246
1250
5
3
6
5
6
10
2
10
3
11
4
---------aygif;-89
==========
avmif;MuufNrdKU (at'd 1250 rS 1430 xd ESpfaygif; 180 ESpf)

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avmif;MuufNrdKU[k trnfay;cJhonf/
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16
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ompGav? &ckdifom;av ompGav --}}
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jrefrm? pkd;onfrSmvnf;? rdpm*D&d? o&ufxdvQif? csrf;Nrdr@dKif? &ckdifoma,mifh? om,mpGav? ompGav--}}
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avmif;MuufNrdKUwGif pkd;pHcJhaomrif;rsm;
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(15)
(15)
tavmrmjzLrif;
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at'D /
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1250
1256
1258
1261
1269
1273
1277
1281
1283
1389
1391
1392
1394
1396
1397
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1401
1404
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1258
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1281
1283
1389
1391
1392
1394
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1397
1401
1404
1430
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6
2
3
8
4
4
4
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106
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18
trS w f p Of ( 1)
rif;apmrGefê&rdwfvS (&ckdifou&mZf 792-795)
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19
trS w f p Of ( 5)
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trS w f p Of ( 8)
rif;&mZm^rif;vS&mZm (vdoQm) (&ckdifou&mZf 863-875)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1501-1513)
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trS w f p Of ( 9)
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(c&mZfou&mZf 1513-1515)
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trS w f p Of ( 10)
rif;apmtkdôD&dol ^pvwmapmrGef (ZvoQm)(&ckdifou&mZf 877-877)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1515-1515)
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trS w f p Of ( 11)
oZmw^tvDvQm (&ckdifou&mZf 877-883)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1515-1521)
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trS w f p Of ( 12)
rif;acgif&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 883-893)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1521-1531)
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trS w f p Of ( 13)
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trS w f p Of ( 14)
rif;wdum^rif;'DCg (&ckdifou&mZf 915-917)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1553-1555)
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trS w f p Of ( 15)
rif;apmvS (&ckdifou&mZf 917-926)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1555-1564)
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trS w f p Of ( 16)
rif;pMum (&ckdifou&mZf 926-933)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1564-1571)
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trS w f p Of ( 17)
rif;zavmif;(oDuGef'goQm) (&ckdifou&mZf 933-955)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1571-1593)
rif;pMumvGefavvQif rif;bmbk&if\om;awmfi,f cspfaESmif;onf rif;zavmif;trnfjzihf ou&mZf (933)
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ukd wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ e&m"dywd OD;&D;awmf oD&dol&d,[k pmwrf;xkd;xm;aom aiG'*Fg;rsm;udk xkwfa0okH;pGJcJh
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trS w f p Of ( 18)
rif;&mZmBuD;ôwkd;"r&mZm(aqmvdrfoQm) (&ckdifou&mZf 955-974)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1593-1612)
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ckESpfwGif eef;wufcJhonf/ ou&mZf 959 ckESpfwGif awmifilbk&if oD[olu ppfulawmif; [Hom0wD eEbk&ifukd
oD[olESihf yl;aygif;wkdufcJhonf/ tEkdif&cJh eEbk&if\orD;awmfcifraESmif;ukd odrf;ykduf,lvmcJhonf/ rif;onf
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trS w f p Of ( 19)
rif;carmif;^0&"r&mZm(OaoQmifoQm) (&ckdifou&mZf 974-984)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1612-1622)
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ou&mZf 984 ckwGif ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 20)
oD&dok"r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 984-1000)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1622-1638)
rif;carmif;vGefvQifom;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;onf oD&dok"r&mZmtrnfjzihf ou&mZf (984)ckwGif xD;eef;ukd
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trS w f p Of ( 21)
rif;paeôwkd;rif;vS(&ckdifou&mZf 1000-1000)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1638-1638)
oD&dok"r&mZm ewf&GmpHvQif om;awmf rif;pae xD;eef;ukd qufcHonf/ eef;wuf&uf (20)tMumwGif
ausmufa&m*gjzpf ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 22)
e&ywdBuD; (&ckdifou&mZf 1000-1007)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1638-1645)
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trS w f p Of ( 23)
owkd;rif;w&m; (&ckdifou&mZf 1007-1014)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1645-1652)
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trS w f p Of ( 24)
0Eok"r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1014-1036)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1652-1674)
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trS w f p Of ( 25)
OumAv&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1036-1047)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1674-1685)
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trS w f p Of ( 26)
0&"r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1047-1054)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1685-1692)
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trS w f p Of ( 27)
rPdok"r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1054-1056)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1692-1694)
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trS w f p Of ( 28)
pEol&d,"r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1056-1058)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1694-1696)
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trS w f p Of ( 29)
i^wkHaemf&xmâemf&xmapm (&ckdifou&mZf 1058-1058)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1696-1696)
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trS w f p Of ( 30)
rmkyd, (&ckdifou&mZf 1058-1059)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1696-1697)
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trS w f p Of ( 31)
umvrEmwf (&ckdifou&mZf 1059-1060)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1697-1698)
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trS w f p Of ( 32)
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(c&mZfou&mZf 1698-1700)
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trS w f p Of ( 33)
pE0drv"r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1062-1068)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1700-1706)
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ESdrfeif;&m atmifjrifojzihf oif;raus;&Gmukd tykdifpm;ay;avonf/ &Sifbk&ifrSm wEAkdvf\MoZmukd emcH&aomtajc
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25
taetxd a&muf&SdcJhonf/ ,if;aMumihf eEAvppfolBuD;onf wEAkdvf xD;eef;ukd vkrnfukd pkd;&drfavonf/ xkdYaMumihf

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wkdufckduf&m eEAvta&;edrfh rif;ESifhtwl taemufb*Fvm;odkY ajy;&avonf/ pE0drv&mZmrif;onf eef;pH(6)ESpf?
ou&mZf 1068 wGif b*Fvm;e,f ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 34)
pEol&d,&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1068-1072)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1706-1710)
pE0drv&mZmrif;vGefavvQif awmifzufpm; &JabmfoD[\om; owkd;vSukd pEol&d,&mZmtrnfjzihf
ou&mZf 1068 ckESpfwGif eef;wifMuonf/ rif;onf eef;pH(4)ESpf? ou&mZf 1072 ckwGif wEAkdvfwkdufckduf
ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 35)
pE0dZ,&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1072-1093)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1710-1731)
Ncdwfacsmif;wGif awmifzufpm; &JabmfoD[vkyfBuH ewf&GmpHcJhaom O*mAvrif;\om;awmf 'kH;kdonf
wEAkdvftrnfjzihf pEol&d,rif;ukd wkdufckdufNyD;? ou&mZf 1072 ckESpfwGif eef;wufcJhonf/ pE0dZ,&mZmtrnfukd
cH,lavonf/ wkdif;jynfwGif (22)ESpfwkdifwkdif x<uykefuefrIrsm;jzpfaeojzihf wkdif;jynfNidrfoufrIr&SdbJ? jynfoljynfom;
wkdYrSm [kdajy;'Dajy;jzpfaecJh&onf/ trsKd;? Zmwd? bmoma&m,SufaecJhonfukd ar;jref;pDppfNyD; oifh&moifh&m? Zmwd?
bmom? trsK;d tEG,t
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axmif (7) wGefwkdifaxmif (8) yd&Gwfaxmif (9) jymom;axmif (10) r&rmaxmif (11) rnf;usdaxmif (12)
avmif;uwufaxmif (13) NrdKUopfaxmif (14) oufbufaxmif (15) uef;qdyfaxmif (16) rmefaxmif (17)
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pE0dZ,&mZmrif;onf odrfaygif;&Spf&m? ausmif;aygif;&Spf&m? uef;aygif; &Spf&mvSLwef;cJhonf/ a&Teef;ocif
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trS w f p Of ( 36)
pEol&d,(&ckdifou&mZf 1093-1096)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1731-1734)
pE0Zd ,&mZmrif;vGeaf vvQif orufawmfomronf pEo&l ,
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eef;pH(3)ESpf? ou&mZf 1096 ckwGif ewf&GmpHonf/ a&Teef;ocif pEol&d,&mZm[k pmwrf;xkd;xm;aom aiG'*Fg;rsm;
xkwfa0cJhonf/
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26
trS w f p Of ( 37)
e&m"dywd (&ckdifou&mZf 1096-1097)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1734-1735)
pEol&d,rif;vGefavvQif om;awmfonf e&m"dywdtrnfjzihf ou&mZf 1096 ckwGif eef;wufonf/
rif;onf wkdif;jynftusKd;twGuf aqmif&GufrIr&Sd/ ukokdvfaumif;rIukdvnf; rjyK? Murf;wrf;,kwfrmojzihf vuf,m
0if;srSL;ppfcsD\ wynhfrsm; vufcsufaMumihf eef;pHwESpf ou&mZf 1097 wGif ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 38)
e&y0&&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1097-1098)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1735-1736)
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eef;pHwESpf? ou&mZf 1098 wGif ewf&GmpHonf/ a&Teef;ocif e&y0&&mZm[k pmwrf;xkd;xm;aomaiG'*Fg;rsm;ukd
xkwfa0cJhonf/
trS w f p Of ( 39)
pE0drv&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1098-1099)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1736-1737)
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qufcHcJhonf/ eef;pHwESpfwGif olykefrsm;\vufcsufjzihf ou&mZf 1099 ckESpfwGif ewf&GmpHonf/ a&Teef;ocif
pE0drv&mZm[k pmwrf;xkd;xm;aom aiG'*Fg;rsm;ukd xkwfapcJhonf/
trS w f p Of ( 40)
r'&mZf&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1099-1104)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1737-1742)
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eef;pH(5)ESpf ou&mZf 1104 ckwGif ewf&GmpHonf/ rif;onf ppfwaumif;ukd wkdufckduf&m atmifjrifcJhonf/
a&Teef;ocif r'&mZf&mZm[k pmwrf;xkd;xm;aom aiG'*Fg;rsm; xkwfa0cJhonf/
trS w f p Of ( 41)
e&tb,&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1104-1123)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1742-1761)
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qufcHcJhonf/ wkdif;jynfukd Nidfrf0yfydjym;atmif aqmif&GufEdkifcJhonf/ bdodufokH;BudfrfoGef; tvSLBuD; tBudrfrsm;pGm
ay;onf/ vuf<u,fawmf"mwfapwDudk wnfonf/ rSL;aumif;rwfaumif; ol&aJ umif;rsm; ay:aygufco
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27
trS w f p Of ( 42)
oD&dol&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1123-1123)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1761-1761)
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eef;pH(3)vwGif ausmufa&m*gjzihf ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 43)
pEy&r&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1123-1126)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1761-1764)
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ukd qufcHcJhonf/ olykefAkdvf iÊdk;x<uaomif;usef; a,mufzawmf oHawmifpm;tm; ESdrfeif;ap atmifjrifcJhonf?
aqGrsKd;wkdY\ *kH;acsmpum;ukd ,kHMunfojzihf a,mufzawmf oHawmifpm;ukd owf&ef BuH&G,fcJhonf/ if;tBuHukd
BudKwifodxm;aom a,mufzawmf oHawmifpm;u wkduf eef;usavonf/ rMumrD 0rf;a&m*gjzihf eef;pH(3)ESpf
ou&mZf (1126)ckwGif ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 44)
tb,r[m&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1126-1135)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1764-1773)
pEy&r&mZmrif;vGefvQif a,mufzawmf oHawmifpm;onf ou&mZf (1126)ckwGif tb,r[m&mZm
trnfjzihf xD;eef;ukd qufcHcJhonf/ rif;onf oDwif;oDvukd apmihf\/ trsKd;av;yg;ukd ajrmufpm;\/ i,fuRefrsm;
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onf/ eef;pH(9)ESpf ou&mZf (1135)ckESpfwGif "m;ykdifBuD; iâomufMumvkyfBuH ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 45)
pEokre&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1135-1139)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1773-1777)
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wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;owf eef;pH(4)ESpf ou&mZf (1139)ckwGif ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 46)
pE0drv&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1139-1139)
(c&mZfou&mZf 1777-1777)
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trS w f p Of ( 47)
pEo'd&mZm^"r&mZf&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1139-1144)
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(1144) ckESpfwGif ewf&GmpHonf/
trS w f p Of ( 48)
r[morw&mZm^ta*gyknmapm&mZm (&ckdifou&mZf 1142-1146)
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(10) armufawmfusD (11) aMumifvnf'kHusD (12) usuffydwfusD (13) abmif;'GwfusD (14) av;NrdKUpm;usD (15)
xr&mZfusD (16) ukvm;uusD (17) 'kdif;usDusD (18) avmif;MuufusD (19) &Sifi,fwufusD (20) ylpmusD
(21) acgif;jzLawmifusD (22) rD;orusD (23) rif;orD;ajrmif;usD (24) bmblpm&usD (25) odrfawmifusD (26)
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uRef;pm;rsm; wufa&mufMuonf/ nDvmcHrsKd;ukd usif;y&ef ajrmufOD;acwfu ajrmufOD;eef;awmf\ ta&SUzuf(2)rkdif
cefYtuGmwGif jrif;rkd&fawmifuJhodkY uRef;BuD;(4)uRef;0kdif;&Hxm;NyD;? ykHoPmefjzihf awmifjrifhrkd&feef;[k ac:aom nDvmcH
eef;aqmifwpfck wnfaqmufxm;onf/ ajrmufzuf r[moHC&mZm q&mawmf\ 0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfESihf omoem
a&;qkdif&m rSL;BuD;rwfBuD;rsm; yg0ifonfh nDvmcHjyKvkyfaom ajrmufjrif;rkd&f eef;aqmifwpfckukdvnf; wnfaqmufxm;
onf/ &Sifbk&ifonf nDvmcHusif;y&m tqifhtwef;tvkduf rSL;BuD;rwf&mrsm;ukd xkdifckHjzihf xkdifapNyD;? bk&if\
vuf0JzufrS (49)OD;ESihf vuf,mzufrS (49)OD;? tv,f(10)OD;xm;um (108)OD;jzihf nDvmcHukd usif;yonf/
vuf,mzuf ae&m,lxkdif&olrsm;
yXrwef;
(1) aoemywd (2) awmifzufpm; (3) em&Dykdif (4) oli,fawmfBuD; (5) wHcg;aoG;oHcH (6) omrtrwf (7)
0if;ykdiftrwf/
uefo
Y wf
30
'kwd,wef;
(1) OD;&mZfawmifpm; (2) "m;ykdifwmaem (3) pHum;awmifpm; (4) p,kd;pm; (5) avmouGwfOD;pD; (6)
[m[ &0BuD; (7) eEol/
wwd,wef;
(1) rif;pDcHtrwf (2) a&Tpmzwf (3) rIdif;pm; (4) awmifzufNrdKUopfpm; (5) ,kd;pm; (6) rl'def;pm; (7)
rkZkEmBuD;/
pwkwwef;
(1) av;NrdKUpm; (2) ewfawmifpm; (3) ydef;eJawmifpm; (4) tusufpm; (5) wef;vTJpm; (6) oli,fawmf
(7) ppfuJ/
yOrwef;
(1) rusJacsmif;pm; (2) awmifzufppfuJ (3) tZlaxmifpm; (4) ukd,f&Hwyfrif; (5) a&S;wif;ZkHEyf (6)
tif;wif0g; (7) &Jausmfaxmifpm;/
qXrwef;
(1) a&Tavmif;axmifpm; (2) taoaxmifpm; (3) ptif;pm; (4) wk&ifutrwf (5) uodefutrwf (6)
a&ZkHEwfBuD; (7) a&ZkEwfi,f/
owrwef;
(1) apobiftrwf (2) Ovif;pm; (3) &ofacsmif;pm; (4) ta&SUa,myg;pm; (5) av;awmifpm; (6)
vrkpm; (7) l;pm;/
vuf0Jzuf ae&m,lxkdif&olrsm;
yXrwef;
(1) qif0efrif; (2) pv*Fol (3) pdcHtrwf (4) ajrmufOD;NrdKUpm; (5) rwfawmf&JrGef (6) oHaxmifpm; (7)
&rf;NAJpm;/
'kwd,wef;
(1) uGrf;pJpm; (2) ukvm;wefpm; (3) usD;rfa&;pm; (4) pddefawmifpm; (5) a'gavmOD;pD; (6) uefeDpm;?
(7) ukvm;yef;Zif;pm;/
wwd,wef;
(1) vuform;olBuD; (2) <udwJpm; (3) wif;rpm; (4) ajrmufzufNrdKUopfpm; (5) tjrifhpm; (6) tocF,m
trwf (7) &vmpm;/
pwkwwef;
(1) rwfawmfarmZvdyf (2) wefqdyfomr (3) ukvm;twGif;ppfcsD (4) rif;vTwftrwf (5) awmifZkEwf
(6) iwefo&Jpm; (7) a&oif;Muef/
uefo
Y wf
31
yOrwef;
(1) &efoeif;trwf (2) pMufmtrwf (3) eEmpl;xkd;trwf (4) &Jzsm;trwf (5) awmifzufpm;trwf (6)
vufoef;csD (7) &ef;pm;/
owrwef;
(1) a&ZkEwfBuD; (2) a&ZkEwfi,f (3) rlyJpm; (4) usdef;pm; (5) ausmufawmfpm; (6) 'vufpm; (7) ewf
ovif;uoltrwff/
vuf0Jvuf,mMum;tv,f ae&m,lxkdif&olrsm;
vuf0eJ 00wmvDo (49)a,muf? vuf,me0pwmvdo (49)a,mufw\
Ydk tMum;wGif 0efBu;D (10)a,mufwYdk
ae&m,lxkdifMuonf/
vuf,mzufxkdif&aom 0efBuD;(5)a,muf
(1) ukd,f&HBuD;vufyef (2) jynfpkd;BuD;e&D (3) oli,fawmfa&G;ap (4) wHcg;aoG;oHcH (5) [m&pBuD;/
vuf0Jzufxkdif&aom 0efBuD;(5)a,muf
(1) ,Gef;rdpkEmBuD; (2) a&TawmifqifuJBuD; (3) qifcGeftpdcHjrwfxkHBuD; (4) 0if;pm;rD;umBuD; (5) vuform;
aoG;AsKdif;axmif/
nDvmcHwGif yg0ifaom rSL;awmf? rwfawmf? uawmf? aoemywd? ppfuJppfcsDwkdYrSm ae&yftrnfESihf bGJUxl;
*kPfxl;trnfom jzpfonf/ vlyk*dKvfwkdY\trnf r[kwfacs/ wpfOD;uG,fvGefvQifjzpfap? &mxl;rS EIwfy,fvQifjzpfap?
tjcm;oifhawmfolwpfOD;ukd xkd&mxl; cefYtyf&onf/
ajrmufOD;acwfbk&ifrsm;\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpepf
ajrmufO;D acwfwiG f tkycf sKycf MhJ uaom bk&ifrsm;vufxuf wkid ;f jynfNrKd U&Gmrsm;ukd pepfwus zGUJ pnf; tkycf sKyf
cJhMuonf/ trsKd;om;wpfOD;ESihf trsKd;orD;wpfOD; vufxyfNyD;vQif if;wkdYESpfOD;ukd wwnfaxmif[k ac:onf/
q,fwnfaxmifvQif wpf&yf? q,f&yfonf wpf&mG ? q,f&mG onf wpfNrKd U? q,fNrKd UonfwpfciG ?f q,fciG o
f nf wpfwidk ;f ?
q,fwkdif;onf wpfjynfjzpfonf/ a&S;&ckdifbk&ifrsm;onf &ckdifjynfukd wkdif;BuD;(12)wkdif;cGJ tkyfcsKyfcJhMuonf/
if;wkdif;BuD;rsm;rSm (1) em*oQifwwkdif; (2) r[ouwkdif; (3) urlywkdif; (4) zvHwkdif; (5) oufwkdif; (6)
Akdvfrif;wkdif; (7) bknm;BuD;wkdif; (8) Ovif;wkdif; (9) &uyl&wkdif; (10) &rmyl&wkdif; (11) arC0wDwkdif; (12)
'Gg&uwkdif;wkdY jzpfMuonf/ wkdif;BuD;rsm;wGif bk&ifcHrsm; NrdKUpm;e,fpm;rsm; cefYtyfNyD; tkyfcsKyfapcJhonf/
rif;aejynfESihf a0;uGmaoma'o&Sd bk&ifcHrsm;rSm tkyfcsKyfa&;udpukd rdrdukd,fwkdif pDrHaqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/
tvk&d adS omtcg &dum ESifh ppfom;pkaqmif;ay;&onf/ tcsKUd aom NrKd Upm;&Gmpm;rsm;onf bk&ifi,fwpfqu
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ta,mifukd &&SdMuonf/ em*oQEwkdif;? r[ouwkdif;? urlywkdif;rsm;ukd tkyfcsKyfaom NrdKUpm;e,fpm;rsm;onf
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&&SdaomaMumifh ya'o&mZfrif;i,frsm;[k ac:qkdMuonf/ zvHwkdif;rS 'Gg&uwkdif;xd NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif
bk&if\om;awmfrsm; nDawmfrsm;ESifh ,kMH unfpw
d cf s&aom rSL;Bu;D rwfBu;D rsm;ukd tkycf sKyaf ponf/ NrKd Upm; &Gmpm;&mxl;rsm;
wGif om;pOfajr;quf qufcHcGifhay;avh&Sdonf/ okdYaomf bk&ifonf okcrdeftrwfBuD;rsm;ESihf wkdifyifNyD;rS tzaoqkH;
vQif om;tm; if;&mxl;ukd trdefYpmcRefay;tyf qufcHcGihfay;avh&Sdonf/
ajrmufOD;acwf w&m;pD&ifa&;
ajrmufOD;acwfwGif w&m;pD&if&m aus;&GmrS vTwfawmfxd tqifhqifhw&m;pD&ifenf;ukd tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/
bk&ifcHESihf NrdKUpm;e,fpm;rsm;onf pDrHcefYcGJa&;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;rsm;ukd e,fjynfawmfrS usihfokH;aeaom xkH;wrf;rsm;ukd
uefo
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32
rSDjirf;jyK vGwfvGwfvyfvyf tkyfcsKyfpD&ifcGihf &Sdavonf/ okdY&mwGif ao'gPftrdefYukd ray;Edkifacs/ ao'gPftjypfukd

bk&ifrSvTJNyD; rnfolrQ csrSwfcGifhr&Sdacs/ e,fjynfawmf av;rsufESmwGif w&m;r@myf(w&m;kH;) av;ck aqmufvkyfxm;
&Sd w&m;kH;wpfckvQif jynfpkd;BuD;ac: w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;ESihf w&m;aoG;wpfOD;wkdY kH;xkdifMuNyD; vufa&mufrI? EIwfvGef
rI? tdrfrI? ,mrI? ajrrI? ponfrsm;ukd pD&ifMuonf/ w&m;aoG;qkdonfrSm jynfolvlxkxJrS a&G;aumufwifajrmufxm;
aom orm"dvBl u;D jzpfonf/ jynfp;dk Bu;D ESifh w&m;aoG;wk\
Yd pD&ifq;Hk jzwfcsuu
f dk w&m;vkEd iS hf w&m;NyKd iw
f Ydk vufcaH useyf
onft
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Yd m; trItBu;D ti,ftvku
d f ESpo
f jymwefonf av;ojymwefonfjzihf ay;Mu&
onf/ trIwpfckonf jynfpkd;BuD;ESihf w&m;aoG;wkdY kH; rNyD;jywf&SdcJhaomf trwfav;OD;yg0ifaom ckHtzGJUu pkHnDkH;xkdif
pD&ifq;Hk jzwfMuonf/ trwfav;OD;wkYd k;H rNy;D jywfcahJ omf aemufq;Hk tqift
h jzpf bk&ifrif;xH oHawmfO;D wif&onf/
bk&ifu oufawmf&SnftrwfcsKyfBuD;ESihf wkdifyif tqkH;tjzwfay;onf/
w&m;pD&if&m rSDjirf;jyKaom "rowfusrf;rsm;rSm rek"rowf? &mZ0Housrf;? 0denf;"rcefusrf;? &mZeDwdusrf;
rsm;ESihf a&TrsOf;"rowfusrf;wkdY jzpfMuonf/ a&TrsOf;"rowfukd rif;bmbk&ifvufxuf q&mjr0gu jyKpkcJhonf/
a&S;acwfw&m;pD&if&mwGif tvGefMurf;wrf;rI&Sdojzihf acwfESihfqDavQmfatmif a&S;"rowfusrf;rsm;rS aumif;Ekd;&m&m
rsm;ukd xkwEf w
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h nf/ xku
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tcg wpfjynfvkH;rS &[ef;ynm&Sd vlynm&Sdrsm;ukd yifhzdwfvQuf vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhpGufjyifqifapNyD;aemuf
jtwnfjyKcJhavonf/
tjypf'Pfay;&m avsmfaMu;ay;jcif; Budrf'Pfay;jcif;? axmif'Pfay;jcif;? uRefcH'Pf? bk&m;uRefcH'Pf?
[m&DtpkdYoGwfoGif;jcif;'Pf? ezl;wGif pmxkd;jcif;'Pf? olwpfyg;\ ypnf;Opm qkH;IH;atmif jyKvkyfcJhaomjypfrItwGuf?
qk;H I;H rIwefb;dk ukd avsmaf Mu;tjzpf ay;aqmifapNy;D jypf'PfBu;D i,fay:vku
d
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aysmufqkH;rIwGif wefbkd;ukd ay;avsmfEkdifjcif;r&Sdu qkH;IH;rIwefbkd;ukd vkduf ESpftuefYtowftm;jzihf olYuRefcHap&
onf/ vlwpfOD;ukdjzpfap? trsm;ukdjzpfap? qJa&;jcif;? odumId;EGrf;apjcif;? trIukd jyKvkyfolwkdYtm; tjyKvkyfcH&olwkdY
xHwiG f tueft
Y owfjzihf uRecf aH ponf/ olu
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dk Qif ya'o&mZfw&m;k;H rsm;u bk&m;uRet
f jzpf vSL'gef;owfrw
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onf/ bk&m;uRefwGif okH;rsKd;okH;pm; &Sdygonf/ tcsdefumv owfrSwfxrf;aqmif&onfh bk&m;uRef? aygufyGm;vmonfh
om;orD;rsm;ukd rxdckdufapaom woufwm bk&m;uRef? om;pOfajr;quf wm0efxrf;aqmif&onfh bk&m;uRefwkdY
jzpfMuonf/ tusifh,kwfolwkdYtm; jypf'Pfay;ykHrSm rk'drf;rIjzpfyGm;oltm; usoihfaomtjypf'Pfukd ay;NyD; tusihf,kwf
olpm&if;rSm oGwfoGif;jcif;ukd cH&onf/ vlrsKd;ukd zsufpD;ol aus;&GmNrdKUjywkdY\ t*Fg&yfESihf pnf;urf;wkdYukd rvkdufemol?
trdESifhom;? tzESihforD; arSmufrSm;jcif; &Sdolrsm;ukd tusihf,kwfol pm&if;wGif toGif;cH&onf/ if;wkdYonf vlaumif;
rsm;ESihf twlwuG aexkid cf iG rfh jyKbJ oD;jcm;owfrw
S x
f m;onfh a'owGif xded ;f odr;f rIudk cH&onf/ xkv
d rl sm;ukd pkaygif;
axmifwnfxm;onf/ a&G;rEkdifaxmif[k ac:onf/ xkduJhokdY tusihf,kwfoltjzpf oGwfoGif;jcif;ukd &ckdifpum;jzifh
[m&DtpkdYoGif;onf[k ac:Muonf/ [m&DtpkdY0ifwkdYonf eef;&ifjyif? rSL;BuD;rwf&m? aoemywd ponhf rif;rIxrf;wkdY
tdrfrsm;ESihf jynfoljynfom;wkdY\ tdrfrsm;wGif oefY&Sif;a&;ukd vkyfaqmif&onf/
ajrmufOD;acwfbk&ifrsm;vufxuf tcGefawmf aumufcHykHpepf

ajrmufOD;acwfbk&ifrsm;onf yl&doar" ac: vlcGefESihf oar" ac: ajrcGef? ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ukd pnf;Muyf
aumufcMH uonf/ vlceG af umufc&H m tdraf xmiftvku
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wpfEpS t
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f jymcGJ aumufco
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d rD;ysKrd sm;
ukd tdrfaxmifoifhNyD; oD;jcm;tdrfraebJ rdbrsm;ESihf twlwpftdrfwnf;aevQif aMu;eef;ESpfjym; ay;&onf/
ajrcGefaumufcHykHrSm ajray:wGif pkdufysKd;vkyfukdifonfukd tenf;qkH;twkdif;twmt& (12)awmif0g;? tvsm;
(10)jyef teH(10)jyef0g; (100)wGif rlwnf aumufcHonf/ aumufcHonfrSmvnf; pkdufysKd;aomoD;ESHukd aumufjcif;
ESihf aiGaumufjcif;? [lESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ oD;ESHukd tcGefay;aqmif&ygu oD;xGuf\q,fykHwpfykHukd ay;aqmif&onf/
Oyrm-0g;wpf&mrS pyg;awmif;wpf&mxGufvQif tcGefawmftjzpf q,fawmif;ay;aqmif&onf/ awmif,mvkyfukdifol
33
uefo
Y wf
wkdYtm; ,mwpfcif;vQif aMu;'*Fg;wpfusyfwpfrwf ay;aqmifaponf/ tcGefaumufcHa&;twGuf wm0efay;cH&olrsm;

ukd aMu;xrf;BuD;[k ac:Muonf/ aMu;xrf;BuD;wkdYonf rdrdwkdY&Gm? NrdKU? cGiftvkduf aumufcH&aom tcGefawmfrsm;ukd
pm&if;twdtusvkyf tyfESH&onf/ pyg;rsm;ukd bk&if\usDawmfrsm;wGif jznhfoGif;&onf/ aiGaMu;rsm;ukd b@mwkduf
rsm;okdY ay;oGif;&onf/ xkdtcGefb@mrsm;ukd tcsKd;tvkduf cGJa0NyD; wkdif;jynfNrdKU&Gm\ tusKd;jyKvkyfief;rsm;twGuf
okH;pGJ&ef uvef? oHAsifwkYdu xdrf;odrf;xm;&NyD; pepfwus okH;pGJ&onf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKU&Sd a&S;acwf NrdKUwHcg;rsm;

(1) usufydwfwHcg; (2) vufqnfuefwHcg; (3) a&TaygufyifwHcg; (4)MucwfwHcg; (5) qifjzLwHcg; (6)
uGef;pJwHcg; (7) rusm;wHcg; (8) 0ifrem;wHcg; (9) rD;orwHcg; (10) &JvSwHcg; (11) jcifukdufwHcg; (12) qif0ifwHcg;
(13) ausmuf&pfwHcg; (14) qifusyfwHcg; (15) ieufwHcg; (16) armufawmfwHcg; (17) eef;om;uefwHcg; (18)
r*FvmwHcg; (19) ty,fwHcg; (20) armvdyfwHcg; (21) pHum;awmifwHcg; (22) bm;blawmifwHcg; k(23) &efaemif
wHcg; (24) bkef;BuD;'kHwHcg; (25) ausmufqnfwHcg; ponfwkdYjzpfMuonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKU&Sd xif&Sm;aombk&m;rsm;
pOf
bk & m;trnf
wnf c J h a omrif ;
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
15/
16/
17/
18/
19/
20/
21/
22/
23/
24/
r*Fvm"mwfa&T*l
yDpdawmf"mwf
a&T*lawmif
av;rsufESm
jrwef;aqmif;
rkwfqdwfawmf"mwf
e&wfpm;bk&m;
aAm"da&T*l
wuoDvmbk&m;
a&TMumodrfbk&m;
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awZ&mr
taemfrmbk&m;
yef;ukef;odrfbk&m;
0oJbk&m;
vifyef;ajymufbk&m;
ed&fylZmbk&m;
odrfBuD;awmif
a&T*lBuD;
oQpfaomif;
ukd;aomif;
rdbk&m;BuD;*l
bk&m;tkyf
xkuefodrf
cwoifrif;
aumvd,rif;
rif;apmrGef
rif;apmrGef
rif;apmrGef
rif;apmrGef
e&wfpm;trwf
bapmjzLrif;
bapmjzLrif;
bapmjzLrif;
rif;a'gvsm
od*Folrif;
od*Folrif;\orD;awmf taemfZm
rif;vS&mZm
pvwmapmrGef
pvwmapmrGef
pvwmapmrGef
rif;bmBuD;
rif;bmBuD;
rif;bmBuD;
rif;wdum
rif;wdumrdzk&m;BuD; apmoEm
rif;zavmif;
rif;zavmif;
wnf c J h a omou & mZf

180
485
792
792
792
792
820
832
832
833
844
863
863
875
877
877
877
894
894
897
915
915
933
933
pOf
25/
26/
27/
28/
29/
30/
31/
32/
33/
34/
35/
bk & m;trnf
jcifukdufyd#uwfwkduf
bk&m;ay:
tHawmfodrf
xlygkH
&wemykH
rif;acgifa&Twl
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avmurm&fatmif
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r*Fvrm&fatmif
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Y wf
wnf c J h a omrif ;
rif;zavmif;
rif;&mZmBuD;
rif;&mZmBuD;
rif;carmif;
rif;carmif;
oD&dok"r&mZm
oD&dok"r&mZm
pEok"rrif;
pEok"rrif;
pEok"rrif;
O*mAvrif;
34
wnf c J h a omou & mZf
953
965
958
975
975
991
991
1020
1020
1020
1047
t*Fvdyftpkd;&vufxuf apwD? bk&m;rsm;ukd jyKjyifcJhaom bk&m;wumrsm;

(1) OD;omxGef;atmif(&mZ0ifq&mBuD;) anmifyifaps;u oQpfaomif;bk&m;? xkuefodrfbk&m;? tHawmfodrf
bk&m;rsm;ukd jyKjyifcJhonf/
(2) OD;cspfpH? 0gaps;u bk&m;ay:ESihf avmurm&fatmif bk&m;rsm;ukd jyKjyifcJhonf/
(3) OD;omxGef;atmifBuD;? anmifyifaps;u ousrm&fatmifbk&m;ukd jyKjyifcJhonf/
(4) OD;a&TomOD;? anmifyifaps;u &wemrm&fatmifbk&m;ukd jyKjyifcJhonf/
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tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfukdvnf; csrSwfcJhMuonf/ e,fykdifwpfOD; NrdKUykdifwpfOD; vufaxmufNrdKUykdif wpfOD;&mbufESifh w&m;r
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urmppfBuD;ukd zefwD;avawmhonf/ tmSwkdufwGifvnf; wkyfjynfBuD;tm; 1937 ckESpfrSp usL;ausmf0ifa&muf
wkdufckdufaeaom zufqpf*syefonf tm&Swkduf\ omwlnDrQaumif;pm;a&;0g'ukd toHaumif;[pf NAdwdoQ? jyifopf
wkdY\ ukdvkdeDEkdifiHrsm;ukd wkdufckdufodrf;ykduf&ef pkdif;jyif;vmavonf/
ta&SUawmiftm&SwiG f ukv
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jyKvkyfvmavonf/
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tqkdygwyfrsm;onf NAdwdoQe,fcsJUorm; wyfrsm;tm; ,if;\tiftm;ukdvkduf &ifqkdifaomfvnf;aumif;?
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ukvm;? &ckdift"dukPf;
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pma&;? pmcsDESihf ykvdyfpaom yk*dKvfrsm;wkdYonf? rdrdwdkY\vkyfief;cGifESihf wm0efrsm;ukd raqmif&Guf&JMubJ? vkyfief;cGif
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acgif;aqmif OD;ausmfxGef;OD;wkdYESihf dEIdif;NyD; tkyfcsKyfrIwm0efukd xrf;aqmifMuavawmhonf/
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(7) Akdvf&efatmifwyf a&muf&Sdvmjcif;

1942-ck {NyDvwGif bD-tkdif-at ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmfrS Akdvf&efatmif wyf&if;onf? &ckdifjynfa'o
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csavonf/ Akdvf&efatmifwyfa&mufNyD; ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif Akdvf&efatmifwyfESihf wpfygwnf;ygvmaom ukdjrwkdY
pDpOfaqmif&GufrIjzihf NrdKUjytkyfcsKyfa&;rsm;ukdvnf; zGJUpnf;vmMuavonf/
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUwGif tajcpkdufaom AkdvftmVm0u wyfcGJokdY NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,frS rsKd;cspfvli,frsm;onf? bDtkdif-at ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmfodkY ajcpkHypf 0ifa&mufMuavonf/ NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUrS 0ifa&mufMuaom &Jabmfrsm;
ukd ppfawG&Sdwyf&if; tajcpkdufpcef;odkY ykdYNyD; tajccHppfa&;oifwef;rsm;ukd wufa&mufavhusihfoifMum;aponf/
&Jabmfrsm;onf? ppfa&;oifwef;ukd tjyif;txef avhusihfoifMum;NyD;aemuf &JabmfyDopGmjzihf wkdif;jynfrSay;tyfvm
aom wm0efrsm;ukd &Gwf&GwfcRefcRef xrf;aqmifMuavonf/
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oGm;onfhwkdifatmif NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,frS tcsKdU&Jabmfrsm;onf wyfrSeIwfxGufjcif;r&SdMubJ wyfrawmfESihfwpfygwnf;
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aMumifh oufqkdif&m &ckdifacgif;aqmiftcsKdUESihf Akdvf&efatmifwkdY tBudwfte,f aqG;aEG;NyD;rS ajyvnfoGm;avonf/
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(8) q&mawmf OD;ynmoD[? AkdvfMumvSatmif? Akdvfppf? Akdvfatmif paom e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;

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acgif;aqmifvnf;jzpfaom q&mawmfO;D ynmoD[onf Akv
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(9) *syefvufatmuf NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU

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q&mawmf\tajccspcef;jzpfaom ysm;wJausmif;wkdufbuf&Sd Akdvfe*g;rDtygt0if *syefrsm;ukd 1944ck
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,if;tcsdef NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUwGif rsufESmjzLvlrsKd;jzpfonfh uywdefrkd;qkdaom ta&;ykdifu tkyfcsKyfaeavonf/
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OuXtjzpf 'kdifempyljyef OD;owkd;vS (t,f'Dwma[mif;)u aqmif&GufNyD;? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf &JabmfxGef;atmifausmf
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(10) AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;tzGJU a&muf&Sdvmjcif;ESihf zqyvtzGJU pnf;kH;a&;t&Sdef jrifhrm;vmjcif;

zqyvtzGUJ csKyf OuX Akv
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atmifqef;wkdY\ vlxka[majymyGJokdY wufa&mufavhvmvQif? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdYtzGJUodkY 0ifa&mufvQif aeYvm;?
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trsKd;om;a&;? vGwfvyfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;rS csD;usL;*kPfjyKMuonf/ OD;armifxGef;atmifonf AkdvfcsKyfwkdYtzGJUtm;
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49
atmif wufa&mufMuonf/
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pdwf0ifpm;Ny?D; rqkH;Ekdifaom &SnfvQm;onfh vufckyfoHrsm;jzihf Mobmay; axmufcHMuonf/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdYtzGJU a&mufNyD;aemufykdif; NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,fwGif zqyvtzGJUBuD;\ pnf;kH;a&;onf
'Da&tvm; wkd;wufvmavonf/ wkdif;zqyvtzGJUkH;ukd yxrausmuf&pfau &yfuGufwGifvnf;aumif;? aemuf
atmifwyf&yfuGufwGifvnf;aumif;? tajcpkdufzGihfvSpfMuavonf/
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,if;tcsdef &ckdiftrsKd;om;acgif;aqmif q&mawmf OD;pdEmtm; NAdwdoQtpkd;&u 0&rf;xkwfxm;aomtcsdefvnf;jzpf?
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qD? qm;? iyd aps;wufvm? trawmf
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atmif? tm;aumif;atmif? xufjrufatmif? wnfaqmufay;onft
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(11) jynfolY&Jabmfrsm; toifhjyifqifMuNyD

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acgif;aqmifaom zqyvtzGJUonf? ,m,DtrsKd;om; Mum;jzwftpdk;&tzGJUodkY 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/ 1946 ck?
'DZifbmvtwGif; bdvyftpkd;&rS AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; trsKd;om;Mum;jzwftpdk;&tm;? aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf bdvyfodkY
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toifhtaetxm;&Sdaeap&ef rdefYrSmTefMum;cJhonf/
xkdrdefYrSmTefYMum;csuft& NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f jynfolY&Jabmfrsm;onf? armif;qGJpcef;ukd A[kdjyKNyD; toihftae
txm;jzihf pDpOfaqmif&GufMuonf/ wyfruRHatmifvnf; &Jabmfrsm;tm; xdef;odrf;Mu&onf/
(12) vGwfvyfa&; &&Sdjcif;

1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv(4)&uf? eHeuf(4)em&D? rdepf(20)wGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf? vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;&rnfrSm
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51
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUonf ,if;odkY rNidrfroufjzpfvmaomtcg z-q-y-vESihf jynfolY&Jabmfrsm; acgif;csif;kdufNyD;?

NrdKUESihfe,fvkHNcHKa&;? pnf;kH;vIyf&Sm;Edkifa&; paomvrf;prsm;ukd &SmazGMuonf/
tpkd;&tzGJUwGif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;\vnf;jzpf &ckdifwkdif;wGif wkdif;rif;BuD;vnf;jzpfaom OD;kdxGef;ESihf wkdif;
z-q-y-v Ou|q&mawmf OD;ynmoD[wkdYonf NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUukd pdwf0ifpm;aomyk*dKvfBuD;rsm; jzpfavonf/
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f vkHNcHKa&;ESihf pnf;kH;vIyf&Sm;Ekdifa&;twGuf NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,frS wifjycsuft&? &Jabmf
xGef;atmifausmf OD;pD; aqmif&Guf&ef vufeuf(100)ESihfaiGrsm; xkwfay;onf/ &JabmfxGef;atmifausmf OD;pD;
zGJUpnf;rnfhwyfukd &-o-e-w [k trnfay;onf/
&JabmfxGef;atmifausmfonf? &&Sdaomvufeufrsm;ukd bkwfjzihfo,f,lcJhNyD; NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU &Jpcef;wGif
tyfESHxm;avonf/ okH;&uftwGif; &Jabmfrsm;ukd pkNyD;wyfzGJUpnf;onf/
&-o-e-wwyfzGJUpnf;NyD; ppfa&;oifwef;wpfvay;onf/ ppfa&;oifwef;NyD;onfESihf vkHNcHKa&;ESihf pnf;kH;a&;
udprsm;ukd acgif;csif;kdufaqG;aEG;NyD; enf;vrf;&SmMuonf/
pnf;kH;a&;t& xkd;azmufrnfhae&mrSm tvHeDrsm;\ pyg;vnf;ydwfqkdY? a&Tvnf;acs;? aiGvnf;awmif;cHae&
aom a'oukd xkd;azmufEdkifu pnf;kH;a&;atmifjrifrnf[k owfrSwfNyD;? NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUawmifykdif;odkY wyfrsm;ukd ae&m,l
&ef pDpOfaqmif&GufMuonf/
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUawmifykdif;wGif &-o-e-wtzGJUrsm;ae&m,lonfESihf ,if;a'otwGif;&Sd tvHeDrsm;rSm qkwfcGm
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cHjcif; b0rSvw
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<u<uaxmufcHrIukd &&SdvmMuayonf/ odkYaom tajctaersKd; jzpfvmcsdefwGif &ckdifwkdif; z-q-y-v? wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU
twGif; tmPmodrf;a& rodrf;a&;? oD;jcm;aea&;? raea&;? awmfvSefa&;vkyfa&;? rvkyfa&; paomudprsm;ukd
txl;ta&;ykid f OD;ausmOf ;D aetdrw
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Yd vuf0,f&NdS rKd Ursm;ukd odr;f yku
d Mf uonf/ wpfygwnf; ausmufawmf
bufwGifvnf; AkdvfMumvSatmifESihfwyfrsm;onf ausmufawmfNrdKUukd odrf;ykdufMuonf/
odkYausmufjzL? oHwGJbufwGif wyf&if;(20)rS NrdKUrsm;ukd odrf;jcif;? ausmufawmfNrdKUukd odrf;jcif;rsm;onf
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU z-q-y-vtwGif; tvGefacsmufcsm;apavonf/ ,if;tcsdef NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,fwGif ppf&Jwyf&if;(1)rS?
Akdfvfa&TxGef;ckdif wyfzGJU? ykvdyfXme? &-o-e-w wyfzGJUrsm; &Sdaecsdefjzpfonf/
1949 ck ZlvkdifvwGif NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUokdY wyf&if;(1)rS wyf&if;rSL; AkdfvfrSL;armifuav; a&muf&Sdvmonf/
AkdvfrSL;armifuav; NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUokdY c&D;a&mufrqkduf? ausmufawmfrS AkdfvfMumvSatmif? NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f
A-u-yrS &Jabmfrsm; NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUokdY 0ifvmNyD;? AkdvfrSL;armifuav;ESihf awGUqkHMuonf/ aemufqkH;wGif NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU
ukd odr;f yku
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NrdKUukd odrf;Muonhftcg NrdKUodrf;rIukd rvkdvm;aom NrdKUe,f z-q-y-vtzGJU OuX OD;atmifomausmfESihf
tcsKdUwkdYrSm ppfawGNrdKUokdY xGufoGm;Muonf/ odkYjzihf NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUonf olykefvufokdY 1949 ckESpf ZlvkdifvwGif
usa&mufoGm;avawmhonf/
1951 ckESpfwGif NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUukd olykefvufrS tpkd;&wyfwkdYu jyefvnfodrf;ykdufcJhjyefonf/ wqufwnf;rSm
NrdKUe,fz-q-y-vtzGJUukd jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJh&m OuXtjzpf OD;atmifomausmf? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;vSapmjzLwkdYu
aqmif&u
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rsm;ukd wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;Muonf/ A-w-v-ptzGJUwGif OuX OD;apma&Tarmif? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;atmifxGef;ausmfwkdYu
aqmif&u
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OD;xGef;atmifausmf? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;xGef;pdefwkdYu acgif;aqmifyg0ifcJhMuonf/
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52
NrdKUe,f z-q-y-vtzGJUukd wpfESpfvQif wpfBudrf jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJh&m 1953 ckESpf jyefvnfzGJUpnf;onfh

NrKd Ue,f z-q-y-vtzGUJ wGif OuX OD;ausmZf cH idk (f uG,v
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&ckid t
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onf/ xkt
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f rsK;d om;tay:
tm;ukd;,kHMunfcJhMuonf/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf z-q-y-vtpkd;&onf? jynfwGif;ppfukd taMumif;jyNyD;
ppftwGif; ysufpD;rIrsm;tm; xkaxmif&mwGifvnf;aumif;? wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd wnfaqmuf&mwGifvnf;
aumif;? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; jyKvkyfp&m&Sdonfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? vlrIa&;t&? usef;rma&;? ynma&;rsm;ukd
vnf;aumif;? vQpfvQLIcJhonf/ tjcm;wbufwGifvnf; xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;? wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd rvkyfkH
omru AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; arQmfrSef;cJhaom vrf;pOfrSvGJz,fvmrIaMumihf &ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;onf? z-q-y-vtay:
rlvoabmxm;rsm; ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/
okadY om tajctaersm;aMumihf ygvDrefa&G;aumufyrJG sm; usi;f yvmonht
f cg z-q-y-v trwfavmif;rsm;
ESihf ,SOfNydKif&ef woD;yk*vtrwfavmif;rsm; ay:aygufvmavawmhonf/ 1951 ckESpf jynfolYvTwfawmfESihfvlrsKd;pk
vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ usif;yjyKvkyfaomtcg NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f zqyvtzGJUrS trwfavmif;tjzpf ta&G;cs,fcHrnfh
OD;ausmZf cH idk (f NrKd Ue,f zqyv OuX)tm; ,SONf yKd iu
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trwfavmif;tjzpf OD;armifO;D ausmu
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NydKifcJh&m? OD;armifOD;ausmfrSm tEkdif& ta&G;cs,fjcif; cH&avonf/
,if;enf;wl &ckdifjynftwGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;wGif jynfolYvTwfawmf trwf(10)ae&mESifh vlrsKd;pkvTGwfawmf
trwf(5)ae&mwGif trwfavmif;rsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,fcHcJhMu&m jynfolvlxkrSm zqyvukd rJray;MubJ? woD;yk*v
trwfrsm;ukdom rJay;cJhMuojzihf woD;yk*vtrwf(12)ae&mtxd a&G;cs,fjcif; cHcJhMu&avonf/ jynfolvlxk\
a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom woD;yk*v trwfrsm;rSm ,if;wkdYtcsif;csif; pkpnf;um 0wDav;&yfvkH;qkdif&m nDvmcHBuD;ukd
1953 ckESpfwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhMuavonf/ ,if;nDvmcHrSyif &ckdifjynfwkdif;&if;om; nDGwfa&;tzGJUcsKyf (&-wn)onf ay:aygufvmcJhayonf/
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU &-w-n
&ckid jf ynfwiG ?f &ckid jf ynf wkid ;f &k if;om;tzGUJ tpnf;Bu;D ay:aygufvmouJo
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OD;a&SmufazG? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf OD;apmxGef;atmifwkdYu acgif;aqmifyg0ifcJhMuonf/ trsKd;orD;acgif;aqmiftjzpf
a':0if;pdefu yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/
NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU &-w-ntzGJUonf 0wDav;&yfvkH;qkdif&m &ckdifjynfwkdif;&if;om;nDGwfa&;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHrS
csrSwfay;vkdufaom &cdkdifjynfe,f &&Sda&;qkdif&m t"du&nfrSef;csufudkvnf;aumif;? vufiif;vkyfief;pOftjzpf
csrSwfvkdufaom jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;? &ckdifjynfynma&;? usef;rma&;jrihfwifa&;? v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
jrihfwifa&;? &ckdifjynfvrf;yef; qufoG,fa&;ESihf o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;? &ckdifjynfpD;yGm;a&;jrifhwifa&;? &ckdifjynfajcvsif
wyf&if;jyefvnfxlaxmifzGJUpnf;a&;ESihf v,f,majrjynfolykdif jyKvkyfa&;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? NrdKUe,f
twGif;&Sd jynfolvlxkESihf yl;aygif;um tpOfwpdkuf ta&;qkdwkdufyGJ0ifcJhMuavonf/
odkYta&;qkd wkdufyGJ0if&if; EkdifiHa&;wkdufyGJ jyif;xefvm&m &-w-n tzGJUtpnf;ESihf zqyv tzGJUtpnf;
ESpf&yfonf NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,ftwGif; tcsif;csif; wzGJUESihfwzGJU NydKifqkdifvmMuawmhonf/ jynfolvlxktwGif;wGifvnf;
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pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;Ny;D pnf;vk;H nDw

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ausmif;om;vli,ftwGif;wGif 'D-tufpf-tkd ausmif;om;vli,fu wpfzGJU? wkd;wufvli,fu wpfzGJU? wuGJwjym;pDjzpf
aeaomtcsdef jzpfavonf/ 'D-tufpf-tkd ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUu wkd;wufvli,ftzGJUrS OD;pD;usif;yjyKvkyfaom
trsKd;om;aeY vIyf&Sm;rIwGif AkH;azgufcGJonfh tjzpftysufwpfck ay:aygufcJhavonf/
&-w-n tzGUJ onf 1953 ckEpS rf pS 1960 ckEpS x
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(15) jynfaxmifpk (y-o-p) tzGJUESihf wnfNrJ zqyvtzGJU

zqyvtzGJUBuD;onf 1948 ck vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf wkdif;jynf\ EkdifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;rsm;ukd
aqmif&GufvmcJh&m jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; trsKd;om;wpf&yfvkH;\ pnf;vkH;nDGwfrIukd xlaxmifaeonfh
tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpf&yf jzpfayonf/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya't& zqyvtzGJUcsKyfBuD;onf ygvDreftwGif;
tiftm;taumif;qkH;aom ygwDwpf&yftjzpf &yfwnfum tpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;NyD; EkdifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;&mudp&yf
rsm;ukd OD;pD;OD;aqmif aqmif&GufvmcJhaomfvnf; 1958 ckESpfwGif zqyvtwGif; EkwiftkyfpkESihf aqGNidrf;tkyfpk[l
zqyv ESpfjcrf;uGJavonf/ Ekwiftkyfpkonf zqyvtzGJUrS cGJxGufNyD; oefY&Sif; zqyvukd xlaxmifzGJUpnf;ovkd?
aqGNidrf;tkyfpkuvnf; wnfNrJ zqyvtrnfjzihf zGJUpnf;xlaxmifavonf/
zqyv tzGJUcsKyfBuD;\ tuGJtNyJonf A[dkrSwqifh atmufajcjzpfaomwkdif;? jynfe,f? NrdKUe,frsm; txd
ul;pufvmum aemufqkH;wGif jynfolvlxktwGif;okdYyif *,ufkdufcwfvmavonf/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f&Sd zqyvtzGJUwGifvnf; oefY&Sif;zqyvukd axmufcHoluwpfzuf?
wnfNrJzqyvukd vkdvm;axmufcHoluwpfzuf ESpfzufESpfjcrf;uGJMuavonf/ NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,fwGif oefY&Sif;wnfNrJ
uGJMupOfu oefY&Sif;zqyvtzGJUodkY ygolrsm;rSm rajymyavmufay? odkYaomfvnf; zqyvrS taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumihf
xGufxkdifaeolrsm;ESihf awmwGif;rS 0ifvmolrsm;xJrS wcsKdUwkdYonf oefY&Sif;xJodkY 0ifa&mufNyD; oefY&Sif;tzGJU\ pnf;kH;
a&;ukd vkyfaqmif&if; yxptzGJUukd zGJUpnf;awmhonf/ NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f yxptzGJUwGif NrdKUe,fOuXtjzpf
OD;atmifomausmf(uG,fvGef)? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf OD;atmifausmfaZm(uG,fvGef)wkdYu acgif;aqmifyg0ifcJhMuonf/
yxppnf;kH;rIatmufwGif zGJUpnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpk tvkyform;tpnf;tkH;(,l-tvf-tkd)wGif OuXtjzpf
OD;apmxGef;? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf OD;zkd;om0(ocifxGef;)wkdYu aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/
wnfNrJ zqyvtzGJUwGif NrdKUe,fOuXtjzpf OD;ausmfZHckdif(uG,fvGef)? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;apma&TarmifwkdYu
aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/
(16) awmfvSefa&;aumifpDumv NrdKUa[mif;NrdKU tajctae

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if w
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aom Armhwyfrawmfonf 1962 ck rwfv(2)&ufaeYwGif EkdifiHawmftmPmukd xdef;odrf;&,lcJhayonf/ EkdifiHawmf
tmPmukd xdef;odrf;&,lonfh csufcsif;awmfvSefa&;aumifpDukd zGJUpnf;vkdufaMumif;ESihf awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\ 0g'
oabmxm;ukd wkdif;jynfodkY aMujimvkdufavonf/
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf EkdifiHtwGif; pnf;vkH;nDGwfrI&&Sda&;ukd &nf&G,f awmwGif;&Sd twkduftcHygwD
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ukd zdwaf c:Ny;D jynfwiG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&; awGUqkaH qG;aEG;yGw
J pf&yfudk usi;f yjyKvyk cf ahJ vonf/ awGUqkaH qG;aEG;
yGJ ysufjym;oGm;onfhaemufykdif; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf 1964 ck trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDGwfa&;ukd umuG,fonfh
Oya'ukd xkwfjyefcJhavonf/
,if;Oya't& ygwD*kdPf;*PtzGJUtpnf; [lorQukd zsufodrf;cJh&m NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f&Sd ajray:EdkifiHa&;ygwD
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aeMuaom oabmxm;rsm;onf jynfolvlxktwGif;wGif wpfpwpfpaysmufuG,fum wkdif;jynf\Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;?
w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;ESifh NrdKUe,f&yfuGuf Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfukdifvmEdkifawmhonf/
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDwufvmNyD;aemuf NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,f\ tajctaeonf vlqkd;? olqkd;? "m;jyrsm;rStp
jynfwGif;aomif;usef;rIrsm;ukd ESdyfuGyfNyD; wkdif;jynfjyefvnfpnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;ukd xda&mufpGmaqmif&GufvmEdkifcJhjcif;?
t&if;&Sifrsm; BuD;pkd;aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd jynfolykdiftjzpf odrf;ykdufaqmif&GufvmEkdifcJhjcif; paomawmfvSef
a&;aumifpD\ wkdif;jynfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;tay: vlxkwpf&yfvkH; axmufcHtm;ay;Muovkd NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUe,fol
NrdKUe,fom;rsm;rSmvnf; tm;wufoa&m axmufcHtm;ay; vmMuawmhonf/
awmfveS af &;aumifpo
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(5)
"noGD;r*Zif;(pmwnf;ESihf t,f'Dwmwm0efukd ,lvQufxkwfa0cJhonf)/
(6)
orkdif;aqmif;yg;rsm;ESihf ,Ofaus;rIaqmif;yg;rsm; owif;pm? pme,fZif;wkdYwGif a&;om;cJhonf/
txufyg (2? 3? 4) pmrlrsm;ukd pmrlcaiGjzihf ykHkduf&ef b@ma&;0efBJuD; qm;OD;xGef;atmifausmfokdY ay;tyfcJh
onf/
(7)
tHawmfbk&m;orkdif;usrf;/
'kwd,ppfNyD;acwf vGwfvyfa&;r&rD
(1)
(2)
uefo
Y wf
58
&udKifjynf "mwfawmfbk&m;apwDrsm;ESihf ajrmufOD;NrdKUwefckd;BuD;bk&m;rsm; orkdif;usrf; vufa&;rl

(b@ma&;0efBuD;qm; OD;xGef;atmifausmftm; pmrlcay; tyfcJhonf/)
OD;&mZfawmifbk&m;BuD;orkdif; (ykHESdyf)/
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;acwf
(1)
ajrmufOD;NrdKU bk&m;;orkdif;usrf; jyifqifjznhfpGufcsuf (1952-53) (ykHESdyf)?
(2)
&udKiftrsKd;orD; ol&Jaumif; twKywd (1953-54) (ykHESdyf)?
(3)
&udKif&mZ0ifoacFyusrf; (1954-55) (ykHESdyf)?
(4)
0oJbk&m;orkdif; (ykHESdyf)?
(5)
&Sifowfbk&m;orkdif; (ykHESdyf)?
(6)
oJwufbk&m;orkdif;? xD;awmfrkd;bk&m;orkdif;? abmif;'Gwfewfawmifbk&m;orkdif;? a0omvDbk&m;BuD;
orkid ;f ? odrBf u;D awmifb&k m;orkid ;f ? r[mxD;bk&m;orkid ;f ? yg;awmfb&k m;orkid ;f ? bk&m;ay:bk&m;orkid ;f ? oQpaf omif;bk&m;
orkdif;? r*Fv"mwfa&Tul ponfwkdYukd &wkvuFmjzihf wpfrsKd;? pum;ajyjzihfwpfrsKd; orkdif;armfuGef; a&; pmwrf;rsm;
xkwfa0cJhonf/
(7)
&efukefwuodkvf &udKifwkdif;&if;om;rsm; xkwfa0aom "n0wDpmapmif? "n0wDr*Zif;ESifh
&ckdifhwefaqmifr*Zif;wkdYwGif tNrJwrf;aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonf/
(8)
rEav;jynfolY*sme,fESihf &efukefr*Zif;wGif aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;cJhonf/ ppfawGaumvdyfr*Zif;?
&ckdifjynfe,fpmapmifrsm;wGif a&;om;vQuf&Sdonf/
(9)
NrdKUapmihfewfa'0wmAvdylaZmfcef;usrf;?
(10) tOeed'gef;aq;usrf; (1960)
(11) &ckdifpnfjyKvkyfykHESihf wD;uGufwD;vkH;rsm;? uAsmrsm;? pkaygif;pmwrf;?
(12) &ckdifxdrf;jrm;r*Fvm yefwsmwD;vkH;wD;uGufESihf jyKvkyfykHtwkdif;twmpmwrf;?
(13) ygarmuOD;at;armifESihf &udKifowfykHowfTef;cGJxm;\t"dyg,fwGufykHpmwrf;?
(14) &udKif>yDtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd jyKvkyfykHtwkdif;twmpmwrf;?
(15) Ak'ylZed,qDrD;cGuftu oDcsif;uAsm/
EdkifiHjcm;om; okawoDrsm;ESihf jyKpkcJhaom pmwrf;rsm;

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MopMwD;,m;EkdifiH uxdu yifrdvma*gwrdESihf a0omvDacwf ausmufkyfausmufpmrsm; pmwrf;?

jyifopfEkdifiH yg&pfNrdKUwGif ygarmuykdzufqmbmaemAfESihfZeD;wkdYtm; &ckdifykHjyifvdyfuefzmr0wKESihf
usD;jzL&Gmpmwrf;?
t*FvefEikd if yH garmu OD;vSoed ;f ac: *Ret
f u
dk v
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pmwrf;?
tar&duefedkifiH tm&Sazmifa';&Sif; twGif;a&;rSL; a';Apfpwdrf;aAm;pfESihf a0omvDausmufkyfxk?
qif;xkwkdY\ ESpfaygif;rnfrQMumwdkif;wmcsufpmwrf;?
*syefeikd if H ygarmutEdk w
dk dk Ek iS fh &ckid pf um;ajymav,lavodr;f toHxu
G yf pHk mwrf;? abmif;'Gwt
f &yf&dS
'ghcsfaumifq,fvm taqmuftOD;ykHpHESihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcJhMuykHpmwrf;/
EdkifiHawmf tpkd;&,Ofaus;rIXmESifh tjcm;yk*dKvfrsm;ESihf yl;aygif; jyKpkcJhaompmwrf;rsm;? usrf;rsm;

(1)
(2)
jynfaxmifpktu ya'ompmtkyf?
&ckdifhaw;oHpmtkyf (1965)?
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
uefo
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59
&ckdifwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfpOfESihf "avhxkH;pOfrsm;pmtkyf?
wkdif;&if;om;,Ofaus;rI kd;&m"avhxkH;pOfrsm;?
&ckdifjynfe,fb@mwkdufBuD;rsm;usrf;?
&cdkifkd;&mpnfESihf 'l&d,mwD;uGufrsm;pmwrf;?
jrefrma0g[m&tbd"mefusrf;jyKpk&mwGif a0g[m&pmvkH;rsm; jyKpkay;ykdYjcif;/
&ckdifa0g[m&tbd"mefjyKpk&mwGif a0g[m&pmvkH;rsm;ESihf t"dyg,fzGifhqkdcsuf? usrf;ukd;um;csufrsm;
pmtkyfjyKpkjcif;/
1976-77 &ckdifjynfe,faeY &ckdifjynfe,f atmifvH? &ckdifjynfe,fwHqdyf? &ckdifkd;&musm;^r0wfpkH
wkdYukd &ckdifjynfe,fjynfolYaumifpD zGJUpnf;xm;aom qyfaumfrwDESifhtwl &ckdifjynfe,f atmifvH
wHqdyf t0wftpm;wkdYukd pmwrf;jyKpkjcif;/
OD;pHomatmifESihf yl;aygif;xkwfa0jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
(1)
1972-ckwGif tbd"rmaumufEIwfcsuf yk&ykdufukd rkdufckdzvifjzihf kdufESdyfaompmtkyf (y-wGJ?

'k-wGJ)?
(2)
u0du@? ygouusrf;ayrlukd rkdufckdzvifjzihf kdufxkwfaompmtkyf?
(3)
vQKd0Sufausmufpm*Pef;a&;enf; ayrlukd rkdufckdzvifjzihf kdufxm;aompmtkyf?
(4)
euwfysKdU (ygVdawmf? ed,s)ayrlukd rkdufckdzvifjzihf kdufxm;aompmtkyf?
(5)
at'D-6&mpkESihf ,if;rwkdifrD &ckdifjynfokH;tu&mpmtkyf?
(6)
tmeEpÈausmufpmbmomjyef?
(7)
&ckdif'*Fg;rsm;orkdif;?
(8)
Ak'tEkynmpmtkyf wkdYjzpfonf/
q&monf zqyvacwfwGif oQpfaomif;ykxkd;awmfBuD;? xD;awmfuyfvSL&mwGif orkdif;oHcsyfBuD;ESihf ajrmufOD;
NrdKUbk&m;orkdif;omjcif;? pmwrf;rsm;ukdvnf; a&;om;cJh\/ q&mawmfBuD;rsm; ysHvGef&mwGif axkywdarmfuGef;?
oif;MuefoHcsyftrsKd;rsKfd;? &wkydk'fpkHrsm;? &ckdifkd;&m,Ofaus;rItzGJU ajrmufOD;NrdKUodkY? apmjreEmjyZmwf? rif;xD;jyZmwf?
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tdxd[csfac:orkdif;jzpfpOfusrf;ukdvnf; a&;om;cJhonf/
tjcm;EdkifiHrS trnfr&aom okawoDrsm;ESihf bk&m;tzGJUtoD;oD;wkdYrS orkdif;qkdif&m &wk? uAsm? pum;ajyrsm;
ukdvnf; rsm;pGma&;om;jyKpkay;cJhonf/ pmayvIyf&Sm;rIESihf ywfouf ,cktcsdeftxd ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;
okawoDrsm; tygt0if acwfay:pma&;q&mtajrmuftrsm; pmaya&;om;jyKpkvQuf &SdMuonf/
3/ (u) kyfao;tu
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; kyfao;tuukd a&S;&ckdifbk&ifrsm;acwfrS ,ckrsufarSmufacwfxd NrdKUe,fwpfckvkH;wGif
oD;oefYZmwfkHrsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? bk&m;yGJESihf tjcm;tvSLr*FvmyGJrsm;wGif a&S;edygwfawmfvm Zmwf0wKrsm;ukd
kyfvkH;kyf<ursm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? okyfaqmif ujyMuonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf bk&m;avmif; a0oE&mZmwf?
bk & m;avmif ; awrd r if ; Zmwf ? ow x mEk ? aumf u mEk Z mwf r sm;uk d ujyonf / &mZ0if t axmuf t xm;t&
kyfao;tuonf ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,frS ou&mZf 953 ckESpfuyif pwifay:aygufaMumif; od&onf/
ajrmuf O D ; acwf bk & if r if ; zavmif ; vuf x uf w G i f OD ; &mZf a wmif a pwD a wmf u k d wnf x m;uk d ; uG , f
xkdbk&m;yGJawmfukd tcrf;tem;usif;y&m obifynmt&yf&yf pkHvifapjcif;iSm NrdKUawmf&SduRrf;usifvdrfrmaom
uefo
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60
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yDoatmif xkvkyfapNyD;? Zmwfawmfrsm;\ jzpf[efysuf[efrsm;ukd okyfaqmifcif;usif; ujyaponf/ xkdYaMumihf
ou&mZf 953 ckESpfuyif &ckdifwGif kyfao;tu ay:aygufvmonf[k okawoDrsm;uqkdonf/
(c) aw;*Dw
jynfaxmifpk qkd&S,fvpforwjrefrmEdkifiHawmftwGif;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; toD;oD;wkdY tokH;jyKvQuf
&Sdaom aw;*Dwrsm;&Sdonfhenf;wl &udKifjynfe,f&Sd ajrmufOD;NrdKUwGifvnf; &udKifvlrsKd;wkdY\ kd;&m"avh aw;*Dwrsm;ukd
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&ckdif&mZ0ifvuFm 'obmwdu nDaemifwkdY yifv,fem; a&upm;&mokdY arsmygvmaom uu#ykZGef
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a&;om;pDukH;cJhonf/
aw;ESihf*Dwrsm;onf a&S;txufausmfumv ajrmufOD;xGef;um;pOfuyif okckrynm&yfrsm;jzpfaom aw;oH
trsKd;rsKd;ESifh *DwtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd uRrf;usifvdrfrmpGm tokH;jyKcJhaMumif;ukd orkdif;taxmuftxm;rsm;ESihf ajrmufOD;acwf
uwnf;u wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhaom xif&Sm;onf oQpfaomif;ykxkd;awmfBuD;\tjyifvIdPfxyf&Sd taemufzuf?
ajrmufzufrsufESmwkdY u[ef? wD;rIwf[efrsm;ukd? ausmufqpfkyf<uif;rsm;jzihf xkvkyfxm;onfukd jrifawGU&onf/
twD;trIwf wl&d,mrsm;jzpfonfh oa&m? apmif;aumuf? c&m>rm? c&maumuf? vufwef&Snf? 'lavmif? cGufcGif;?
pnf;pkwf? pnf? ywfompaom wl&d,trsKd;pkHukdvnf; jrifawGUEdkifonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f aw;*Dwrsm;&Sdjcif;ukd apwDykxkd;rsm;ESihf a&S;pmqkdtausmftarmfrsm; a&;om;cJhaom pmay
rsm;ukd avhvmjcif;jzihf od&EdS ikd o
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omjcif;? oHcsyfBuD;? ,kdif;omjcif;? wkdufomjcif;? ykd;0gbGJU? rkd;yef;a0bGJY? Zrf;jcif;ESihf aus;vufobm0aw;oH? om;acsmh
omjcif; paomaw;trsKd;rsKd; &SdcJhonf/
ajrmuf O D ; Nrd K Ue,f t wG i f ; a&S ; ajrmuf O D ; acwf r S o nf ,ck t csd e f t xd tok H ; jyKaeaomwl & d , mrsm;rS m
yOifwl&d,m wD;rIwfumjzihf}} [l a&S;&ckdifpmqkdrsm; pyfqkdxm;onfhtwkdif; BuD;? BudK;? om;a&? av? vufckyf?
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a&S;acwfuyif ok;H aomwl&,
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61
OD;xGef;ausmfpdefwkdYrS oif,lpwifwD;rIwfMuonf/
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taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufvQuf&Sdonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f ygwD,lepf\OD;aqmifrI? NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD\ BuD;MuyfuGyfuJrIjzihf ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,frS
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ae&mtESHYtjym; aexkdifvQuf &SdMuonf/
(1) oufvlrsKd;wkdY\ aw;*Dw

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75
12/
'kdYausmif;om;
200
13/
odyHr*Zif;
50
14/
rkd;a0r*Zif;
20
15/
Ir0r*Zif;
30
16/
jr0wDr*Zif;
20
17/
ppfjyefr*Zif;
20
18/
pEmr*Zif;
20
19/
oajyr*Zif;
15
20/
kyf&Sifr*Zif;
40
21/
wkdif;&if;ar*sme,f
50
22/
GUARDIAN (MAGAZINE)
10
23/
NEWS WEEK (MAGAZINE)
10
TIME (MAGAZINE)
10
24/
25/
aiGwm&Dr*Zif;
15
26/
aoG;aomufr*Zif;
15
27/
EdkifiHwuma&;&m
110
28/
pD;yGm;a&;? ynmay;pmapmif
20
29/
vrf;pOfowif;
110
30/
&ckdifjynfe,fpmapmif
20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9/ xif&Sm;aompmay? ,Ofaus;rItEkynm&Sifrsm;
uefo
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66
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aom pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sifrsm;onf acwftqufquf

xifay:ausmfMum;cJh&m? ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f&Sd xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aom pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sifrsm;ukd
(1)
a&S;bk&ifrsm;acwf?
(2)
ukdvkdeDe,fcsJUacwf?
(3)
,ckacwf [l acwfumvtykdif;tjcm;jzihf azmfjyEkdifonf/
(1) a&S;bk&ifrsm;acwf
a&S;&ckdifbk&ifrsm;acwfwGif ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; xif&Sm;aompmjyK? pmqkdESihf ynm&Sdu0dtrwf okcrdef?
pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sifrsm;wkdY ay:xGef;cJhMuonf/ if;wkdYonf &wk? &uef? {? tef? omjcif;? ysKdU? uAsm? vuFm?
bGJU? avQmufxkH;wkdYukd ajrmufrsm;pGm pDukH;a&;om;cJhMuayonf/ if;wkdYrSm(u) a0omvDausmufavSum;acwf
(at'D 327rS 818 xd)
491-ESpf/
(c)
av;NrdKUacwf
(at'D 818 rS 1430 xd)
612-ESpf/
(*)
ajrmufOD;acwf
(at'D 1430 rS 1784 xd)
354-ESpf
ponfhacwftqufquf ay:xGef;cJhaom yk*dKvfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
(u) a0omvDausmufavSum;acwf (at'D 327 rS 818 xd)

a0omvDausmufavSum;acwfwGif xif&Sm;aom pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sifajrmufrsm;pGm &SdcJhonf/ at'D
601 ckESpfwGif oD&dpÈm;rif;\om; tdrfa&SUpH od*FpÈm;rif;\ Muif,mawmf tdrfa&SUpHrdzk&m;BuD; ok0Pa'0Dac:
apmjynfhkdonf ]]odefuefrdefwGif}} tpcsDaomtvGrf;oQKd;vkduf&wk okH;ykd'fukd pDukH;zGJUqkdcJhonf/
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a&;pyfzGJUqkd ,aeYxdwkdif ausmfMum;aeaom "raZ,strwfBuD;onfvnf; a0omvDacwf\ xif&Sm;aom
pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&SifwpfOD; jzpfonf/
(c) av;NrdKUacwf (at'D 818 rS 143 xd)

pr0uf? yOm? yk&def? avmif;Muuf? ponfhacwfumv tqufquf[k qkdtyfaom av;NrdKUacwfwGif &wk?
uAsm? ysKdU? avQmufxkH;? vuFm? bGJYrsm;ukd oDukH;zGJUqkdcJhaom pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sifajrmufrsm;pGmwkdYonfvnf;
ay:xGef;cJhay\/
&[ef ; od u m ?
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rif;rSmbdoduf? olawmfpdwfonf rzdwfusifhkd;? jrwftrsKd;}} ponfh rif;\bdodufcef;ukd avQmufwifcJhaom
pmaytEkynm&Sif u0dausmftrwfBuD;wpfOD;jzpfonf/
at'D 1283-1389 ck? rif;xD;bk&ifvufxuf rif;\OD;&D;awmf eEb,rsuEf mS ukd raxmufb?J [kww
f idk ;f rSe&f m
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pmayu0dwpfqlyif jzpfonf/
ou&mZf 688 ckEpS w
f iG f apmpk?H apmjzL? apmwl ponfo
h ufrif;om; ok;H yg;tm; avmuom&ysKUd ukd a&;om;pDu;Hk
oifjy ausmfMum;cJholrSm &ckdifoljrwf(uefawmfrif;ausmif;q&mawmf)jzpfonf[k q&mrif;ok0Pf\ ]]avmuom&
ysKdu pum;ajyESihf cufqpftbd"mef}} pmtkyfESihfuG,fvGefol &mZ0if q&mBuD; OD;omxGef;atmif\avmuom&ysKdU
rla[mif;u qkdxm;ayonf/
(8) ajrmufOD;acwf (at'D 1430-1784 xd)
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67
ajrmufO;D acwfwiG f &wkrsm;? omjcif;rsm;? vuFmrsm;? &mZ0ifvuFm? &mZ0ifbUJG rsm;? ZmwfBu;D q,fbUJG ? aq;usr;f ?
"mwfjyefkdufusrf;? aA'ifusrf;? euwaA'usrf;? ponfhavmuD? avmukw&mpmayrsm;ukd a&;om;oDukH;jyKpkcJhaom
&[ef;ynm&Sd tausmftarmfrsm;? vlynm&Sd pmqkdawmf ajrmufrsm;pGmwkdY xifay:ausmfaZmcJhMuavonf/
ou&mZf 832 ck (at'D 1470)wGif &udKifbk&if bapmjzLrif;\orD;awmf apma&TMum\ ]]&ckdifrif;orD;
{csif
{csi;f }}}}ukd a&;om;pDukH;cJhaom bm;wl(z'l) uRef;om;bm;wl (z'l)rif;kdonfvnf;aumif;? rif;AmBuD; (893-915)
vufxufwGif ynmt&m {w'*f[kqkdtyfaom r[mynmausmftrwfynm&Sd okcrdefonfvnf;aumif;? aumfumEk
ESihf owXmetp&Sdaom ZmwfawmfBuD;rsm;ukd omcsif;zGJUEGJUcJhaom pmqkdawmf0drvtrwfonfvnf;aumif;? (12)v
&moDbUJG ? r,fbUJG w? aus;ap? ppfcs?D bk&m;wkid f ponfh &wktrsK;d rsK;d ukd a&;pyfcahJ om OumysH ponfh pmqkt
d ausmt
f armf
wkdYonf ajrmufOD;acwfwpfavQmufwGif txiftay: tausmfMum;qkH;aom pmaytEkynm&Sifrsm; jzpfMuavonf/
(2) ukdvkdeDe,fcsJUacwf
ukdvkdeDe,fcsJUacwfwGif ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f&Sd xif&Sm;aom pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sifrsm;ukd atmufwGif
azmfjyygonf/
(1)
avmurm&fatmif q&mawmf?
(2)
OD;armifomatmif (anmifyifaps;)?
(3)
&mZ0ifq&mBuD; OD;omxGef;atmif (anmifyifaps;)?
(4)
OD;OwroD&dq&mawmf (anmifyifaps;)?
(5)
OD;axmfatmifZH (jyifaps;)?
(6)
OD;xGef;&TDzG,f (jyifaps;)
(7)
ur&mZfq&mawmf?
(8)
OD;pHabmfOD;/
txufazmfjyygyk*Kdvfrsm;teuf &mZ0ifq&mBuD; OD;omxGef;atmifrSm &ckdifjrefrmy@dwf q&mBuD;
OD;OD;omxGef;\tbkd;jzpfonf/ yk*dKvfrSm &ckdifavmuom&ysKdUa[mif;? &ckdifr[m&mZ0ifawmfBuD;tp&Sdonfh
&ckid &f mZ0if tapmifapmif? &ckid o
f rkid ;f usr;f wku
Yd dk usr;f jyKcahJ om yk*Kd vjf zpfonf/ anmifyifaps; ausmif;wku
d q
f &mawmf
OD;OwroD&dq&mawmfrSmvnf; &ckdift"drofusrf;ESihf owKly ydokumusrf;ukd a&;om;cJhaom yk*dKvfausmfjzpfonf/
(3) ,ckacwf
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;onfrS ,ckrsufarSmuf ypuxifay:ausmfMum;aom pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sif
tausmftarmfrsm;rSm(1) OD;OD;omxGef;
(&udKifjrefrmy@dwf-anmifyifaps;)?
(2) OD;ynmq&mawmf
(awZ&mrausmif;wkduf-qifcsqdyf)?
(3) OD;ykn
(AEKvq&mawmf-awmif&yf)?
(4) oHw&mq&mawmf?
(5) abmf&Gmaps;q&mawmf?
(6) t*"ravmif;Muufq&mawmf?
(7) OD;ynmoD[wkdYjzpfonf/
&ckid jf refrmy@dwf OD;OD;omxGe;f rSm &ckid jf ynfojl ynfom;rsm;omru jrefrmEkid if &H dS pmay,Ofaus;rI tEkynm&Sif
rsm; kdaoav;pm;jcif;cH&aom yk*dKvfjzpfonfhtjyif urmt&yf&yfrS a&muf&SdMuaom c&D;oGm;rsm;? e,fvSnfhpmay
uefo
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68
ynm&Sifrsm;uyif kdaoav;pm;vlodrsm;aom pmayokawoDBuD;wpfOD; jzpfonf/

q&monf wdrfaumaysmufuG,fvk aysmufuG,fqJ aysmufuG,fvwHhaom &ckdif&mZ0if,Ofaus;rIorkdif;ukd
,xmblwusus? odyHenf;usus bk&m;orkdif; tapmifapmif? &ckdifuAsmaygif;csKyf? &ckdif&mZ0if tp&Sdaom &ckdiforkdif;
,Ofaus;rIESihfygwfoufaom pmayrsm;ukd azmfxkwfa&;om;vQuf&Sdonf/
armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh? EkdifiH*kPf&nf 'kwd,tqifh jzpfaom q&mawmf OD;ynmoD[rSmvnf; crdvlrsKd;}}
0gqkdrrSef? yg,fzsuf&ef}}}ponfhpmtkyfrsm;ukd a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonf/
]]0gqk
AEKvq&mawmf OD;yknESihf t*"ravmif;Muufq&mawmfwkdYrSmvnf; ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; ausmfMum;aom
&[ef;ynm&Sd pmaytEkynm&Sifrsm; jzpfMuonf/
NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd xl;jcm;csufrsm;ESifh "avhxkH;pHrsm;

1/ ewfylaZmfyGJ
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;toD;oD;wGif rdrdwkdY\ kd;&m,Ofaus;rI a'0wmAvdewfpm ylaZmfyoMuonhf "avhxkH;pH
&SdMubdouJhodkY &ckdifjynf-ajrmufOD;NrdKUwGifvnf; a'0wm Avdkd;&mewfylaZmfrI "avhxkH;pHwkdYrSm &SdMuonf/ kd;&mewf
ylaZmfrIukd Ak'&SifawmfjrwfryGifhrSD a&S;umvuyif ylaZmfyorI jyKvmMuaomffvnf; Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf yGihfawmfrlNyD;aemuf
&Sifawmfbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom ]]ty&d[med,}} w&m;awmfvmtwkdif; jynfapmifhewf? NrdKUapmifhewf? &Gmapmihfewf
tp&Sdaom ewfaumif;ewfjrwfwkdYtm; tjypftemtqm uif;aomtkef;? iSufaysm? csKdcsOf? rkefYrsKd;pkHwkdYjzihf a'0wmAvd
ylaZmfyGJrsm;ukd a0omvDacwf? av;NrdKUacwf? ajrmufOD;acwfxd rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwkdYonf ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; rkd;OD;us
e,kefvwGif wcrf;wem; a'0wmAvdewfylaZmfyGJrsm;ukd bk&ifaejynfawmf wpfEkdifiHvkH;wGif usif;yjyKvkyfonf[k
okawoDrsm;u qkdonf/ ,if;tpOftvmukd ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; pOfqufrjywf jyKvkyfusif;yylaZmfMuonf/
1949-ckEpS x
f d ajrmufO;D NrKd Uay:wGif e,kev
f a'0wmAvdewfyal ZmfyJG usi;f y&mwGif NrKd Uay:&Sd vlBu;D vlaumif;?
NrdKUrdNrdKUbrsm;ESihf oufqkdif&m tmPmykdif yk*dKvfrsm; OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKvQuf wm0ef&Sd NrdKUvlBuD;rsm;u rSefrrSef ppfaq;NyD;
aemuf NrdKUukd ESpf&ufwkdifwkdif NrdKUydwfonf[k aMujimonf/
oufqkdif&mae&mrsm;wGif tapmihfta&Smufrsm; csxm;NyD; yXraeYeHeuf(6)em&DrS 'kwd,aeYn(6)em&Dxd
NrKd Uay:&Sd ajrmufO;D NrKd Uapmihef wfueG ;f ESiw
fh uG (14)Xme&Sd NrKdf Uapmihef wfueG ;f rsm;ukd ewf0ifa,musmf ;? ewf0ifred ;f rrsm;jzih?f
yef;wsm;(5)vkH; okdYr[kwf (3)vkH;jzifh wD;umcsKdcsOf? rkefYyGJ? iSufaysmyGJ? tkef;yGJrsm;jzihf NrdKUukd vSnhfywfvQuf ylaZmfyou
jyazsmfajzNyD;vQif NrdKUay:ol NrdKUay:om;rsm;ESihf e,fole,fom;rsm;yg rusef usrf;rmcsrf;om pD;yGm;wkd;wufygap
[k qkrGefaumif;rsm; awmif;vQuf ajrmufOD;NrdKUapmifhewfrsm;tm; ylaZmfyGJukd jyKvkyfusif;yonf/
tcrf;tem;jzihf ylaZmfyorI jyKvkyfjcif;onf a&S;acwfrsm;rS qufEG,fum NAdwdoQtkyfpkd;onfhacwfrS 1949
xd jyKvkyfMuonf/ ,if;aemufykdif;wGifrlum; xkduJhodkY tcrf;tem;rsm rjyKvkyfMuawmhacs/
e,kefvESifh 0gqkdv? 0gr0ifrSDtcsdefxd ajrmufOD;NrdKUay:&Sd trsKd;orD;trsm;pkonf ewfwifa&Tjym;ESpfcsyfpDjzihf
ajrufOD;NrdKU &SifrESihfNrdKUtwGif;&Sd ckESpfXme&yfuGuf ewfuGef;rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufylaZmfMuonf/
NrdKUe,frsm;wGifvnf; txufygtwkdif; &yf&Sif&Gm&Sifrsm;tm; ewfwifa&Tjym; ESpfcsyfpDjzihf ylaZmfMuonf/
v,frxGefrD rkd;OD;ustcsdefwGif vrkdif;ewf(v,fapmihfewf)ESifh tdrf&Sifewfrsm;ukd tcsKdtcsOfrsKd;pkHjzihf ylaZmfaomtavh
&Sdonf/
ewfylaZmfyorIonf ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; &udKiftrsKd;om;wpfckwnf; r[kwfbJ? &udKifrsKd;EG,fpk0ifrsm;
jzpfaom r&mrmBuD;? 'dkif;euf? ouf? crd? csif;trsKd;om;wkdYrSmvnf; ylaZmfyoMuonf/ ,if;wkdYteuf r&mrmBuD;ESihf
'kdif;euf trsKd;om;wkdYrSm &udKiftrsKd;om;wkdY\ ylaZmfyorIESihf twlwlyifjzpfonf/
ouftrsKd;om;wkdYrSm &Gm&Sifjynf&Sifewfrsm;ukd wpfESpfwpfcg rkefYrsKd;pkHjzihf tcsKdauR;vQuf ylaZmfMuonf/
rkd;OD;usv,f,mcif;rsm;wGif aumufyJoD;ESHrsm; rsKd;aphcsonhftcgwGif Muuf(2)aumift&Sifukd rdrd,mawm v,fawm
rsm;wGif vTGwf pkH;yifv,fewftm; ylaZmfMuonf/ if;ukd tpdrf;ylaZmfonf[k ac:onf/
uefo
Y wf
69
crdtrsK;d om;wkrYd mS rlum; a&S;ya0oPDuyif (q0yf) ac: tdr&f iS ef wfEiS fh (v-0wfewf) ,mewf? v,fewfwu
Ydk dk
ESpfpOf wpfESpfvQif(3)Budrfus Muuf? 0uf? iSufwdkYjzihf ylaZmfyoavh&Sdonf/
tdrf&Sifewfukd a&m*g tE&m,fuif;atmifESihf v,fewf? ,mewfac: (v-0wfewf)ukd [if;oD;[if;&GufESihf
pyg;oD;ESHrsm; aumif;atmifylaZmfyoMuonf/
crdtrsKd;om;wkdYrSm rsKd;aphcscsdefESihf aumufodrf;csdef? awmif,mvkyfcsdefwkdYwGif xkH;wrf;"avhtwkdif; Muuf?
0uf? iSufrsm;owf acgiftkd;zGifhum tpm;taomufrsm;jzihf ,m&Sifv,f&Sifewfrsm;tm; ylaZmfMuonf/ ylaZmfrI
"avhrsm;rSm ,aeYwkdif ylaZmfvQuf &SdMuonf/
csif;trsKd;om;wkdYrSmvnf; crdtrsKd;om;rsm;uJhodkY ewfylaZmfrI "avh&Sdonf/ ewfylaZmfonfhtcg 0uf? iSuf?
owf aoG;csjcif;? tpmauR;jcif; paomylaZmfrIrsm;jzihf ylaZmfMuonf/
2/ ,kHMunfpGJvef;rI
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexkdifvQuf&SdMuaom &udKif? r&mrmBuD;? 'dkif;euf? ouf? crd? csif;trsKd;om;wkdYrSm
a&S;ya0oPDuyif ,kMH unfpv
JG ef;rIt& pke;f ? ua0? arSmt
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tavsmuf wpkw
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Y zsm;emjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;? wjcm;a&m*gwpfcck jk zpfymG ;vQif
aomfvnf;aumif;?? ewfwkdufonf? pkef;wkdufonf[k ,kHMunfMuonf/
uJhokdY ewfwkduf? pkef;wkdufonf[k xifrSwfvQif arSmfq&m? ewf0ifpm;rsm;jzihf ukoavh&Sdonf/
xkdYtjyif uav;oli,frsm; vefYjzwf tvefYwMum; ikdonfhtcg rE&m;rsm;jzihf csnfrQifrsm;ukd ref;rIwf
vnfwGifqGJonf/
wapzrf;pm;jcif;? pke;f zrf;pm;jcif;[k ,kMH unfvmvQif tif;? rEmefrsm;jzihf ref;rIwjf cif;? tif;f jymrsm;wku
d jf cif;rsm;
jzihf ukoonf/
uav;oli,frsm; &ufMumzsm;vQif ed'gef;pmMunhf ed'gef;pmwGifygonfhtwkdif; acgcGufwGif yef;rsKd;pkH?
tkyfrsKd;pkHxnfh ylaZmfonf/ ukd,f0efaqmif rdef;rrsm; naeqnf;qm tdrfrStjyifodkY xGufvkdvQif tdrfrkd;pGef;wpfpukd
csK;d acgif;wGiyf efNy;D rS xGuo
f mG ;avh&o
dS nf/ taMumif;rSmrlum; ntcsed f waprifpmrsm; ab;tE&m,frS umuG,&f ef
jzpfonf[k ,lqonf/ txl;ojzihf ouftrsKd;om;rsm;ESihf crdtrsKd;om;wkdYrSm a&m*gjzpfvQif ewfaA'ifq&mxHoGm;
(a0zvd)ewfaA'if MunhfMuonf/ ed'gef;pmMunhfvnf; ukoMuonf/ csif;trsKd;om;wkdYrSmvnf; a&m*gjzpfvQif
ewfq&m a[majymcsuftwkdif; Muuf? 0uf? acG;rsm;ukd owf yGJvkyfjcif;jzihf ukoMuonf/
txufazmfjyyg ,kHMunfrI ukorItrsKd;wkdYonf a&S;tcgu trsm;tjym; tav;xm; ,kHMunfpGJvef;rIrsKd;
&SdcJhMuaomfvnf; ,cktcsdefrlum; acwfrSDwkd;wufvmonfESihftrQ wdusaom odyHenf;rsm;jzihf azmfpyfonfhaq;rsm;
ESifh ukoenf;rsmukd ,kMH unfvmMuojzihf ajrmufO;D NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f &Sd trsK;d om;wkid ;f vkv
d ydk if a&S;u,kMH unfpv
JG ef;csurf sm;
wjznf;jznf; yaysmufvmMuonf/
3/ bmomukd;uG,frI
ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexkdifMuaom &ckdiftrsKd;om;? 'kdif;euf? r&mrmBuD;wkdYrSm Ak'bmom0ifrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ crdtrsKd;om;wkdYrSm a&S;,cifu ewfukd;uG,folrsm; jzpfcJhMuaomfvnf; ,cktcg Ak'\tqkH;trw&m;awmfukd
,kHMunfouf0ifvmMu crdtrsKd;om;tm;vkH;onf Ak'bmom0ifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/ csif;trsKd;om;tcsKdUrSmvnf;
a&S;uuJhodkY ewfukd;uG,frIukd tav;xm; ,kHMunfrI r&SdMuawmhbJ? ,cktcg Ak'\tqkH;tr w&m;awmfukd ,kHMunf
ouf0ifvmMuNyD; Ak'bmom0ifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/
4/ kd;&m,Ofaus;rI(12)v &moDyGJawmfrsm;
jynfaxmifpk qkd&S,fvpforw jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd wkdif;&if;om; nDtpfukd armifESrenf;wl ajrmufOD;NrdKUe,f
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r*Fvmaqmifrnfhae&uf tmkPfwuftcsdefwGif owdk;om;tdrf owkd;om;eHoifh ta>ct&Hrsm;jzihf r*Fvm
ajrmufonf/ owkdk;orD;tdrfwGifvnf; owkd;orD;tm; ta>ct&Hrsm;jzihf r*Fvmajrmufonf/
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owkd;orD;\vuf,mvufukd pGJukdifaponf/ owkd;orD;\ vuf,majcudk owkd;om;\vuf0JajcESifh tenf;i,f
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(7)acguf (7)Budrf vuf,m&pfvSnhfywfNyD;? (7)Budrfwkdifwkdif &Sdckd;&onf/
(8) 'kdif;euftrsKd;om;wkdY\ xdrf;jrm;jcif;"avh

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84

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