Thu t ng m nh c th ng dng

A
Accord: Hp m. Accordion: n Accordion, cn gi l n xp, phong cm, pht minh nm 1828 Vin, gm mt b hp gi xp vo, ko ra c, c nt bm v phm bm iu khin bng hai tay. Acid rock: Mt dng nhc rock m , nng, l tin thn ca Heavy Metal. Acoustic: 1. m sc ca mt cao m nhc. 2. Nhc Acoustic, ni chung l loi nhc c to ra bng cc nhc c khng phi in t. Adagio: Chm, thong th, khoan thai, tnh cm. Add: Thm vo. (vd: Cadd9 Hp m C trng thm nt 9 C, E, G, D)

Added seventh: m by trng hay by th (tnh t nt gc) c thm vo hp m ba trng. Trong nhc Jazz, m by (vd: C, E, G, Bb) l mt nt Blues. m by trng trong hp m ba ch cui on nhc thng nghch hn nhiu v cc nhc cng thng chi Tremolo. Added sixth: m su c thm vo hp m ba ch ging trng, thng cui cu, v c coi l n nh.u tin c dng bi Debussy v cc nhc s u th k 20, Hp m su (C, E, G, A trong gingC trng) tr nn cc k ph bin trong kiu chi Piano Jazz. Ad libitum:Tu , nhp t do. A dur: A trng Al fine: Cho n ht. Aeolian mode: Mode (thang m) tng ng vi tin trnh t nt A ti A trn cc phm trng n Piano. Allegro: Nhanh, vui si ni. Chng u hay chng cui ca bn sonate thng tc ny. Alt: Vit tt ca ch Alto (B) Alt: Vit tt ca ch Altered. Xem Altered chord. Altered chord: Hp m cha cc nt cng bin i, thng l cc hp m by t, tu thuc vo ging iu; cn gi l Hp m Chromatic.

Alto: C ging trung trong ht v n. Andante:Thong th nh bc i (tc gia moderato v adagio) Andantino: Hi chm gn nh Andante.

Aria: iu ht, khc ht, c th l: - Tc phm n ca do dn nhc giao hng m. - Tit mc c lp trong mt ca kch, c ni dung su sc. Arpeggio: Chi hp m ri Arrangement: Bn son li, bn chuyn son. Assai: Rt. A tempo: Tr li tc . Vo nhp. Atonality: Tnh phi iu tnh. Mt loi m nhc hin i m cu trc iu tnh truyn thng khng cn na, v Ho biu khng c ghi. Aug: Vit tt ca t Augmented c ngha l "tng"; Hp m ba tng.

Augmented: Tng. Avant - garde:(1960 -1970) L mt dng nhc thuc jazz ca nhng nhm trnh cao, dng mt s cht liu ca mt s loi nhc khc. N c lin quan n nhng c nhn i u trong vic pht trin nhng sng to mi m. Mt s bn nhc c th dng giai iu c iu tnh trong mt phm vi ging trung tm nh l mt im xut pht cho ngu hng "th t do". Mt s bn nhc cho trc mt iu tnh trung tm nhng li khng c b tit tu hay k hiu nhp ho biu. Mt s bn nhc li khng c cu trc ho thanh hay trung tm ging iu. Th loi ny gn lin vi phong cch Free Jazz ca nhng nm 1960.

B: (La Tinh) Nt Xi, ging Xi trng. Back beat: (Anh) Phch sau, l mt thut ng ni n vic nhn mnh vo phch th hai v th t ca loi nhp 4/4; Mt thut ng thng c p dng vo cng vic ca ngi chi trng trong ban nhc. y cng l tnh cch tit tu ca Jazz & Latin cng nh Regea Ballad: (Anh) Mt tc phm tc chm. Trong nhc c in, Ballad l mt bn nhc n, ht c kch tnh k chuyn anh hng dn tc hoc s kin lch s. Band: (Anh) Ban nhc; Mt nhm cc nhc cng, nhc s, chi thnh nhm. Mt nhm trong dn nhc giao hng chi cng mt b nhc c (nh b g, b dy, hi..) Banjo: (Anh) L mt nhc c mt trn, bt da, thng c nm dy (khi gy bng ngn tay) hoc bn dy (khi dng mng gy) Bar: (Anh) nhp n v tit tu, khong cch t phch mnh n phch mnh tip theo. L mt vch theo chiu thng ng chia khung nhc thnh nhng nhp gi l Vch nhp, v ch ra phch mnh ri vo nt u tin sau vch nhp. Baritone: (Anh) Ging nam trung. Kn ging trung ca qun nhc.

Bass: (Anh) 1. m thp nht ca mt Hp m, hay b thp nht trong bn nhc. 2. Ging nam thp nht. Bass: (Anh)Tn gi mt nhc c in t c thn cng v c eo nh guitar in. L nhc c trm nht trong nhm tit tu ca nhc Pop, Jazz, Rock c ln dy theo th t t thp ln cao E, A, D,G. Bass clef: (Anh) Kho Fa dng k th t trn khung nhc

Bass drum:(Anh)Trng to nht v c cao thp nht. Tuy nhin, n khng to ra mt cao c th no. Basson:(Anh) Kn pha gt, kn trm thuc b kn g gn vi Oboe. B dur: (La tinh) Ging B trng. Beat:(Anh)Nhp p, phch. Bebop:(Anh)Mt trng phi Jazz ni ln M trong nhng nm 1940 c tnh cch nhanh v tit tu, phc tp v giai iu v cu trc ho thanh. Trng phi ny gn lin vi cc tn tui ln nh: Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Dexter Gorden v Sonny Stitt. Big band:(Anh) Mt dn nhc gm 10 nhc cng hay nhiu hn na. Block:(Anh) Khi chiu dc. Blues note:(Anh) Nt blues. 1. Mt cao gia m ba trng v m ba th hay gia m by trng v by th trong ging trng. 2. Bc ba th hay by th ca thang m. Blues:(Anh)1.Th loi Funky, n gin ca m nhc ngi da en c lp nhng cng tn ti vi nhc Jazz. Bt u t t nht l u th k 20, c th l sm hn; Cc nhc s nh Blind Le, Jefferson, Lead Belly, Lightnin' Hopkins, Muddy Water, T-Bone Walker v Robert Johnson. N v s cn nh hng n Jazz v Rock. Phn ln cc bn nhc Blues dng tin trnh ho thanh I - IV- I - V - I hay nhng bin th ca n. 2. Mt on nhc c c im ca mt hay kt hp cc yu t sau: a.Tin trnh hp m I - IV - I - V - I hay vi bin th ca n trong m hnh 12 nhp. b. Mt cm gic bun. c. Nhp tin trin chm. d. Cc qung by, qung nm hay qung ba c gim xung na cung trong thang m trng. Bob: (Anh) Vit tt ca Bebop B moll: (c) Ging B ging th Bolero: (Ty Ban Nha) 1. iu nhc ma dn gian Ty Ban Nha-nhp 3/4 hoc 3/8 c ht v m lc m.

2. Mt tc phm theo phong cch Bolero Bongos: (Anh)Trng ca Cuban i thnh cp, cm tay v v bng du ngn tay. Boogie woogie: (Anh) Trng phi Piano Jazz thi k tin hin i (1930)gn lin vi cc tn tui nh: Meade Lux Lewis v Albert Ammons. Trng phi ny c c im m hnh bass nhc i nhc li (Ostinato) v mi phch c chia thnh nhng mu "c git" (n chm di - kp) Boston:(Anh) iu Vanx chm thnh hnh M vo nhng nm 1910 v 1920. Bossa nova: (Anh)Nhc nhy ni ting ca Brazin c nh hng nhc Jazz ca M. Brace: 1.K hiu { ni hai hay nhiu khung nhc, ch ra rng cc phn trn cc khung nhc ny c chi ng thi. Brass band: (Anh) Dn nhc Kn nhng khc vi dn nhc qun nhc l khng c cc nhc c dng "dm" thi. Brass Instruments:(Anh)Nhc c hi. (Trompet, Trombone, French Horn, Tuba,..) Break:(Anh) Mt phn ca on nhc m tt c cc thnh vin trong ban nhc dng chi tr mt ngi ngu hng mt cu solo. Tempo v tin trnh hp m vn c duy tr bi ngi solo v c ban nhc ngng li. Rt him khi Break ko di hn hai hay bn nhp. Bridge:(Anh) Phn B ca mt bn nhc c hnh thc A-A-B-A. Brio:(Anh)No nhit, cng trng.

C
C: (La tinh) Nt , ging Cadence: Kt. Cadenza: on thm vo cui bi ht. on tr k thut, k xo cui cc chng Cngxct do ngi biu din ng tc hoc do tc gi vit. Canon: Nhc ui, lun khc. Cantabile, Cantando: Ro rt, du dng. Cantate:Tc phm thanh nhc gm c hp xng, n ca, ht chen v ni li, sp xp nh kch. Capo: u, bt u. Da Capo c ngha l "t u". da c. al segno: t u cho n k hiu CODA Celesta: n g, gm nhiu phin kim loi xp nh phm Piano dng di g nh g. Cello: n cello l thnh vin th ba trong nhm VIOLON, chi theo v tr thng ng, pha di nhc c tip gip vi sn nh, c gi thng bng vi u gi ca ngi chi, to ra ting ngt ngo gn vi ging ht. L tn gi tt ca VIOLONCELLO. Cha-cha: iu nhy M Latin theo tit tu i nhn i nhn li nhiu ln. Choir: Hp xng Chorus: 1. Ln; Vic chi mt ln qua mt cu trc m cu trc ny c dng t chc m nhc trong ngu hng. 2. Mt bn solo Jazz khng coi trng di.

3. ip khc, ng thanh; Phn ca mt bn nhc Pop c chi tempo khng i v nhc li nhiu ln sau khi on Verse (ch ) c chi, thng l on nguyn gc duy nht ca bn nhc c dng bi cc ngh s Jazz. Comp: m tit tu ngu hng; Cch chi hp m theo o phch m cung cp cho ta mt phn m ngu hng cho ngi solo mt cch ngay tc th, b xung linh hot tit tu v ho thanh p dng ca b solo. Composer: Nhc s. Con: Vi Concert: Bui ho nhc. Concerto: Mt tc phm m rng cho mt nhc c solo hay c dn nhc, thng th sonata. Conductor: Ch huy dn nhc. Consonance: Thun. Consonant chord: Hp m khng cha nhng qung nghch. Contrabass: n trm nht trong dn nhc thuc b dy. Cn gi l Double Bass. Cool: 1. Mt tnh t thng c p dng miu t cm gic du m hnh thnh bi m nhc ca Bix Beiderbecker, Lester young, Claude Thorn Hill, Gil Evans, Miles Davis nhng nm 1950. 2. i khi c dng biu th Jazz hin i sau thi k Bebop. Crescendo: To dn. Cymbals: Xanh ban.

D
D: (La tinh) Nt r, ging r Da capo: ( ) Quay lI t u. Vit tt l D.C Da capo al fine: ( ) Quay lI t u cho n ch fine ( ht ) Diatonic: Nm trong, trong phm vi cc m ca thang m trng hay hay th. Ho thanh Diatonic l tin trnh ho thanh tng bc trong phm vi mt thang m. Qung Diatonic l qung c thnh lp bi hai m trong cng mt thang m. Dim: Gim Diminished seven chord: Hp m by gim. Disonance: Nghch; S kt hp ca hai hay nhiu m i hi phi c gii quyt. Dixieland style: (Anh) 1. Phong cch dn nhc Chicago ni bt trong nhng nm 1920. 2.T ng ngha i vi tt c cc dn nhc Combo Jazz trc thi k Swing Dominant, Dominante: ( Anh, Php ,c ) m t; m nm ca thang m trng hay th. Dominant chord: Hp m t.

Dorian mode: Thang m bt u t nt D ti D c chi trn phm trng ca n Piano. Double Stop: Hai dy n bass vang ln cng mt lc. Double Bass: n trm nht trong dn nhc thuc b dy. Cn gi l Contrabass. Double - time: Cm gic m mt on hay mt ngi chi tempo nhanh gp I m tin trnh ho thanh vn tip din mc ban u. Dot: Du chm di. Drum: Trng; Mt nhc c b g trong dn nhc Jazz, Pop, Rock. Duet, Duett, Duetto, Duo: ( Anh, c, , Php.) Bn nhc hai b do hai ngi biu din. Dur: ( La tinh ) Trng

E
E: ( La tinh ) Nt Mi, ging Mi Echo: ( Anh, c, Php ) Ting vang, nhc lI cu nhc kh hn Eight notes: Nt mc n. Electric Guitar: n Guitar in t. Ensemble: ( Anh, Php ) Ho tu, n chung. Episode: ( Php ) on chen. Es: ( La tinh ) K hiu bng ch La tinh ca du ging. Etude: ( Php ) Khc luyn k nng

F
F: ( La tinh ) Nt Pha, ging Pha. Fagotto: () Kn phagt, thuc b kn g ( Php: Basson, Anh: Bassoon). Fender Bass: Guitar Bass in t c dng chI b bass (b trm nht) thay v chi hp m; Ph bin trong nhc Jazz nhm tit tu sau nm 1970. Figur, Figure: ( c, Anh ) Hnh tng giai Iu, tit tu hoc ho thanh c ngha hon chnh, r rng. Fin, Fine: ( Php, ) Ht. Finger board: Cn n. Fingering: Th bm; Phng php p dng ngn tay vo bn phm, dy, l bm... ca nhc c. Flat: ( Anh ) Du ging ( Php: Bmol). Flauto: () So ( Anh, Php; Flute ). Folklore: ( Anh, Php ) Vn ho dn gian. Folk music: (Anh) Nhc dn gian. Function: (Anh) Chc nng, cng nng. Form: Hnh thc

Forte: () Mnh ( vit tt: f ) Mezzoforte, mf: Mnh va. Piuforte, piu f : Mnh hn. Fortissimo, ff : rt mnh. Fortissisimo, fff: Cc mnh. Fortissimo quanto possibile : ht sc mnh. Forte piano: () n pian. Forzando, Forzando: () Nhn mnh thm ( vit tt: fz hoc sf ). Fill: Ngha chung: Bt c nhng thm tht ca ngi chi trng i vi m hnh c bn. ngha c th: m hnh tit tu c ngi chi trng chi : 1. Lp y mt khong lng. 2. H tr tit tu c chi bi cc nhc c khc. 3. Thng bo v im vo u hay kt thc ca ngi solo hay cc phn khc trong m nhc. 4. Kch thch ngi khc v to ra mt bui din th v hn. Fragment: Mt cm gm vi nt nhc theo mt m tp nht nh. Free Jazz: Th loi Jazz t do nhng nm 1960 v 1970. L loi m nhc cha cc on solo ngu hng m tin trnh ho thanh c t t do, i khi c tit nhp v cu trc hnh thc cng t do. Fuga, Fugato, Fugue: (La tinh, Anh, Php ) Mt th nhc, cu trc cht ch, gm nhiu b vit theo phong cch v th php i v, trn nguyn tc m phng. Funky: 1. Bn thu, nhp nha. 2. Bn xn, "xung cp", i bi hay sexy. 3. C tnh Blues 4. C hng v nh th. 5. Cha m ba, m nm v m by c gim xung. L phong cch m nhc nhng nm 1950 v 1960 quay tr li vi tnh n gin ca Blues, ngc li vi s phc tp v tinh vi ca BEBOP v COOL. Fusion: T ng ngha vi th loi Jazz-Rock. Fuzak: m nhc pha trn tnh cch gia th loi Jazz-rock Fusion v Muzak (nhc thng mi). N thin v cc nhc c in t, tit tu funk u n, kt cu nhn nhi, khng c nhng on gy ngc nhin. c ngi nghe thch dng nhc funk v fusion nh nhng hn dng vi t cch l nhc nn (background music) trong nhng nm 1980 v 90. Thng c p dng vi nhc ca Kenny G, Grover Washington, Earl Klugh, v Najee. Fuga, Fugato, Fugue: ( La tinh, Anh, Php ) Mt th nhc, cu trc cht ch, gm nhiu b vit theo phong cch v th php i v, trn nguyn tc m phng.

G
G: ( La tinh ) Nt Xon, ging Xon. Gamma, gamme, gamut: ( , Php, La tinh ) Gam, thang m trong qung tm. Ganztonleiter: ( c ) Thang su m cch qung u nhau ( ton cung ). G clef: Kho son

G Dur: Ging son trng Glissando: () Vut, n lt ( t ny dng chung cho n dy v n c phm ). G moll: Ging son th. Gong: ( Php ) Cng. Guitar, Gitarre, Guitare: (Anh, , Php ) n ghita, gc t phng ng, do ngi Rp a vo Ty Ban Nha, tr thnh nhc c dn gian ca nc ny. Lc u mc 4 dy, ri 5 dy i. Cui th k XVIII thay dy i thnh dy n v thm mt dy th su.

H: (La tinh) Nt Xi, ging Xi. Half notes: Nt trng Harf, Harp, Harpe: (c, Anh, Php ) n hcp mc nhiu dy, gy 10 ngn. Hard bop: Th loi nhc gn lin vi Horace Silver, Art Blakey, v Cannonball Adderely. C lin quan trc tip n Bop nhng nm 1950. So vi Bop, Hard bop n gin hn v ho thanh v solo, cc m hnh trng phong ph v linh hot hn. Mu sc m thanh ti, nng v g gh hn. Piano m vi m hnh tit tu phong ph v cch sp xp hp m da dng hn. Harmonie, Harmonique: ( Anh, Php ) Bi m. Harmony, Harmonie: (Anh, Php) Ho m, ho thanh. Harmonica: ( Php ) Kn cmnica. Hautbois: ( Php ) Kn boa, kn g dm kp pht trin Php v khp chu u, T th k XVI-XVII tr thnh mt nhc c khng th thiu trong dn nhc giao hng. Head: Giai iu hay ch vit trc cho mt on nhc High-hat: L mt nhc c trong b trng gm hai xanh ban chm nhau c, iu khin bng bn p chn. Hip hop: Mt s pht trin t nhc RAP, Hip hop c tit tu v giai iu phc tp hn, kt hp cc phn ht v ni, vi phn nn m tp m thanh hay nhc c SAMPLE. Homophonie, Homophony: ( c, Php, Anh ) Nhc ch Iu. Horn: T dng cho bt c nhc c hi no.

I
Improvisation: (Anh) Ngu hng, ng din , ng tc. Inganno: ( ) Kt h, kt gi. Instrumant: ( Php ) Nhc c, cng c. Instrumantation: ( Anh, c , Php ) Phi kh. In tempo: ( ) Tr lI tc u- vo nhp. Interval, Intervalle: ( Anh, Php ) Qung m thanh. Introduction: ( Anh, Php ) Khc do u. Invention: ( Anh, c, Php ) Bn nhc ngn vit cho Piano. Inversion: o. Ionian Mode: Thang m nh th ging vi thang m trng Is: ( La tinh ) K hiu bng ch La tinh ca du thng. Istesso tempo: ( ) Cng tc . Jam section: L mt nhm t tp cc ngh s, ni m ngu hng c nhn mnh v nhc son trc rt t. (Jam cng c ngha l ngu hng); Ni n bui biu din t chc cng phu chnh thc hay khng chnh thc, chung hay ring, v li nhun hay ch v mc ch vui chi. Jazz: Mt thut ng bao hm rng ln v a dng cc phong cch Chu M - Chu Phi: RACTIME, BLUES, DIXELAND, SWING, BEBOP, COOL, THIRD STREAM, FREE JAZZ, FUNKY, JAZZ ROCK, v nhiu th loi khc khng th phn loi c. Hu ht u c tnh ngu hng v cm gic "swing" khng thay i, tit nhp nt bt v tit tu o phch. Jazz Rock: Mt th loi Jazz cui nhng nm 1960 v 1970, ng dng cc nhc c in t v nhp nng ca Rock, phn m tit tu Funk v ngu hng Jazz; Cng c gi l nhc Fusion.

Kadenz: ( c ) Kt. Kettle drum: ( Anh ) Trng nh m. Key: Ging iu, iu tnh. Mt dy m to thnh bt c thang m trng hay th no, c quan h ho thanh, c cc quan h gia m ch vi cc m khc. Keyboard: 1. Bn phm ca cc nhc c phm nh ORGAN, PIANO... 2. n phm in t. Key note: Nt u tin ca mt ging iu hay thang m. Key signature: Ho biu; Nhng du thng hay ging u khung nhc. Konser vatorium: ( c ) Nhc vin. Konzert: ( c ) Bui ho nhc- Bn cng-xc-t. Konzertmeister: ( c ) Trng n, thng l ngi chI Violon ngi hng u, c nhim v c tu.

L
Lamentabile, Lamentoso: ( ) Than vn, rn r. Languendo, Languente: ( ) U oI, o l. Largement: ( Php ) Rng ri. Laghetto: () HI chm gn nh Largo. Larghissimo () Rt chm, rng ri. Largo: ( ) Chm rI, phng khong ( chm hn Adagio Largo di molto: tht chm. Largo ma non troppo: ng chm qu. Lead: B chnh ca mt ch . Leading tone, leading note: m dn; m bc by ca ging trng v thang m th ho thanh Legatissimo: ( ) ht sc luyn. Legato: () luyn ting, mm mI,m i. Leggiadramente, Leggiadro: () Nh, lng lnh, duyn dng, thanh tao. Leggiermente: () Nh nhng, thoI mi. Leggiero: () Nh. Lent, Lento: ( Php, ) Chm. Lick: Mt cu hay cm giai iu. Ging vi m tp. Lie: ( Php ) Luyn ni. Lithophone: ( c, Php ) n , khnh . Loco, Alloco: () n nh ghi trn bn nhc ( khng ln qung 8 na ) Lustig: ( c ) Vui nhn. Luth: ( Anh, Php ) n luyt dy gy c xa gc t phng ng vo chu Au t th k XVII, bu n trn khng c thnh, mc nhiu dy ( c n 20 dy). Lyrics: Phn li ca mt bn nhc.

M
Macabre: ( Php ) Bun thm , tang tc. Maggiore: () Trng-Th trng ( Anh:Major, Php: Majeur). Malinconico: () Su mun. Mambo: Mt iu nhy trong phng ca min Ty n nguyn gc ging vi CHA-CHA v RUMBA Mandoline: ( Php ) n mng luyn, nhc c dy gy. Marcato: () Nhn mnh. March, Marche, Marcia, Marsch: ( Anh, Php , , c ) Hnh khc, nhp i. Melodie, Melody: ( Php, Anh ) Giai Iu. Metronome: ( Anh ) My g nhp, pht minh t nm 1816 dng n nh chnh xc cc tc din tu. Mieur,Minor, Minore: ( Anh, Php, ) Th, th th. Modal: m nhc m ho thanh v giai iu da trn s sp xp ca cc Modes. Trong nhc Jazz, thut ng ny cn c ngha l m nhc da trn s nhc li

ca mt hay hai hp m hoc l m nhc da trn cc mode thay v tin trnh ho thanh Mode: 1. Mt thut ng chung p dng vi tin trnh giai iu Hy lp c v thang m nh th thit lp vo thi k Trung c v c son trong h thng thnh ca bi ai (Gregorian chant) Cc qung ca nhng mode Hy lp c c tnh t trn xung v cc qung ca nhng mode Trung c c tnh t di ln. Do vy ni dung cc qung ca h thng Hy lp v h thng nh th khc nhau. Tuy nhin cc mode nh th vn cn gi li tn gi Hy lp. Nu ta chi trn phm trng ca n Piano t nt D ti D ta c Dorian; t E ti E ta c Phrygian; t F ti F ta c Lydian; t G ti G ta c Mixolydian; t A ti A ta c Aeolian; t B ti B ta c Locrian; Cc modes vn tip tc lm nn tng cho m nhc phng Ty qua th k 17 v ri dn dn chi ra con ng ti ging trng v ging th thng dng. 2. S khc nhau gia ging trng v ging th (iu thc) 3. Mt h thng k hiu tit tu c dng th k 13. Moderato: () Va phi, chng mc. Modulation: ( Anh, Php ) Chuyn ging. Moll: ( La tinh ) Th. Monophonie, Monophony: ( Php, Anh ) Nhc mt b, khng m hoc ch m n gin. Motif, Motiv: ( Php , c ) Nt giai Iu ch . Motion, Mouvement: ( Anh, Php ) S tin trin ca giai Iu. Moto: () Chuyn ng. Moto perpetuo () Chuyn ng khng ngng. Bn nhc c mt nt chy duy tr mi. Motto: ( Anh ) Cu nhc ngn dng lm ch . Movimento: () Tc . Musique: ( Php ) m nhc. M. atonale: Nhc v Iu tnh. M. de chambre: Nhc nghe trong phng. M. de chant: Nhc ht. M. chiffree: Nhc s. M. de cinma: Nhc phim. M. concrte: Nhc c th. M. de danse: Nhc khiu v. M. descriptive: Nhc miu t. M. dglise: Nhc nh th. M. instrumentale: Nhc n. M. lgere: Nhc nh. M. de programme: Nhc tiu . M. religeiuse: Nhc tn gio. M. de scne: Nhc sn khu. M. tonale: Nhc Iu tnh.

Muzak: Tn thng mi i vi cc cng ty M c c giy php sn xut, phn phi, v giao thng m nhc nn (background) cho tiu th cng cng. m nhc thng mi

N
Natural: ( Anh ) Du hon, du bnh. Natural minor scale: Thang m th t nhin Nocturne: ( Php ) Khc nhc ban m. Note: ( Anh, Php )Nt nhc, m. Note sensible: ( Php ) m dn. Nuance: ( Php ) Sc thi.

O
Oboe: ( Anh, c, ) Kn -boa. Octave: ( Anh ) Qung tm. 1. Mt dy tm m Diatonic lin tip. 2. Qung gia m th nht v m th tm ca dy m ny. Open Harmony: Ho thanh xp rng; Mt bn phi b trong ho thanh bn b, m ba b trn c tng cng tm c qu mt qung tm. Opera: Nhc kch Opus: Vic lm, cng vic; Vit tt: Op hay op Opus number: Mt con s theo th t cng vic m ngi nhc s nh du cc tc phm ca mnh Organ: Organ nh th hay organ ng l mt nhc c phm v hi bao gm t hay nhiu ng c chi t mt hay nhiu bn phm; c th c nm bn phm dng cho tay v mt bn phm dng chn iu khin. Orchestra: Dn nhc; Mt nhm nhc cng biu din cc nhc c cng vi nhau thng l trong nhc kch, Oratorio, hay giao hng. Ostinato: B tr tc, nhc i nhc li nhiu ln. Overtone: ( Anh ) m bi ( Php : Harmoni-que )

P
Panpipe: ( Anh ) So nai, nhc kh c xa ca chu u. Part: B; Mt dy m c vit v thc hin bng mt ging ht hay nhc c, hoc l solo hoc l chi cng nhau Passing note, Passing tone: m lt; m khng thuc hp m lt t bc ny n bc khc. Chng thng phch nh. Pedal: ( Anh ) Bn p n piano thay i sc thI ting n Forte pedal : Bn p chn phI, cho ting n ngn vang. Piano pedal : Bn p chn trI lm nh ting n. Pentatonic: Thang m nm bc. Percussion: Nhc c b g nh: Drums, Tamborine, Cymbals, Bells, Triangle.. Phrase: Mt na ca mt chu k tm nhp; Cu. Phrygian mode: Thang m nh th ph hp vi thang m t nt E n E trn phm trng ca n Piano. Pianino: () n piano nho, kiu ng. Pianissimo: () Rt kh. ( vit tt pp). Piano: () Kh ( vit tt p ). Piano assai: () Ht sc kh. Piano a queue ( Php ) n piano nm. Piatti: () Thanh la ( Anh : Cymbal ). Piccolo () So nhn cao hn so thng mt qung tm. Pitch: Cao . Pivot chord: Hp m trung gian Pizzicando, Pizzicato: () Bng dy n. Polyphonie, Polypohny: ( c, Php, Anh ) Phc iu, a m, a thanh. Polytonality: Pha trn nhiu ging iu. Pop(ular) Music: Mt thut ng chung biu th cc phong cch m nhc a dng v rng ln, c c im d chp nhn vi s ng khn gi, giai iu v ho thanh d nh, li ca n gin. Portamento:()Ting vut ln khng thnh bc trn dy n v kn.Ht vut ln ging cao. Prelude: Khc do u cho mt tc phm m nhc hay mt v kch Prestissimo: () Rt, Rt nhanh, cc nhanh. Presto: () Rt nhanh. Presto assai: () Ht sc nhanh. Progression: Tin trnh Pulse: Nhn, p.

Q
Quadro, Quattro: () Ho tu hoc hp xng bn b, th k XVIII.

Quarter notes: Nt en. Quartet, Quartett: ( Anh, c ) Bn nhc cho bn n hoc bn ging ht. Quintet: ( Anh ) Ho tu nm n, ht nm b.

R
Ragtime: ( Anh ) Nhc dn gian Bc M l tin thn ca nhc Jazz. Rallentamento: () Chm lI, nh dn. ( vit tt : Rall ). Refrain: ( Php ) Ip khc. Rhythm: ( Anh ) Tit tu. Rhythm section: Mt nhm nhc cng m chc nng trong dn nhc ch yu l m. Vai tr ny thng thng l ngi chi Piano, Bass, v ngi chi Drums nhng chc nng ny khng phi l c nht. Rinforzando, Rinforzato: ( ) Mnh t ngt, dt ngay, dng cho c mt cu nhc. ( vit tt : rfz, rf, rin ). Riff: 1. Cu nhc. 2. Cm hay mng giai iu. 3. Ch . Rim shot: Di trng nh vo vin st ca trng Snare cng lc vi mt trng Snare . Ritardando: ( ) Ngp ngng, chm dn lI ( vit tt : ritard, rit ). Ritenuto: () Km tc ( vit tt : Rit, riten ). Rubato: () Tc t do. Saxophon, Saxophone: ( Anh, c, Php )Kn do Adol-phe Sax pht minh (1846). Scale: ( Anh ) Thang m. Schlag instrumente: ( c ) Cc nhc c g. Score: ( Anh ) Tng ph. Sensible: ( Php ) m cm, m dn. Sforzando, Sforzato: ( ) Nhn r, lm ni thm ( vit tt: sf, sfz ). Sideman: Tn gi cho mi nhc cng trong dn nhc tr ngi trng ban nhc. Sixteen note: Nt mc kp. Solo: (Anh) c tu. Son: ( Php ) m thanh. Song: ( Anh ) BI ht. Sound: ( Anh ) m thanh. Sous dominante: ( Php ) H t, m th t trong gam, ( Di m t ). Sous mdiante: ( Php ) m th hai trong gam,. Staccato: () n, ht ngt ting, ny ting, ngn ting. Vit tt Stace hoc dng k hiu l du chm trn nt nhc. Style: Phong cch. Stime: ( c ) Ging, b.

Stimmgabel: ( c ) Thanh mu, m thoa ( Php : Dia-pason ). Strings: ( Anh ) Gi chung cc n dy. Subject, Subjekt, Sujet: ( Anh, c, Php ) Ch . Swing: Phong cch chi Jazz tinh t ni ting nhng nm 1930 vi cc tn tui nh: Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Jimmie Lunceford, Benny Goodman, Art Tatum, Roy Eldridge, Coleman Hawkins. Symphonie, Symphony: ( Php, Anh ) Giao hng. Syncopation, Syncope: ( Anh, Php ) Nhn lch, o nhp, o phch. Synthesizer: Nhc c tng hp; Thit b in t c th to ra hoc bin i bt c m thanh no qua cc nhc c in t tng hp. Nhng ngi tin phong l Moog v Buchla gii thiu vo nm 1960. Thit b Synthesizer u tin ch l MONOPHONIC (Ngha l ch c th chi cng mt lc mt nt) sau ny cc nhc c hin i hn l POLYPHONIC (C kh nng chi nhiu nt cng mt lc). Cc nhc c tng hp hin i thng c gn lin vi m thanh cng nh mt vi phng tin ghi v thu cc m thanh mi (chng hn nh kh nng SEQUENCING v SAMPLING)

T
Tabor: ( Anh ) Trng con nh bng mt di. Tacet: Ngha Latin l "yn lng". Tambour: ( Php ) Trng. Tango: ( Anh, Php ) Iu khiu v phng ty, gc Phi, pha ln cht ma Ty Ban Nha. Tema: Ch . Tempo: ( ) Nhp , tc . Temps: ( Php ) Phch. Tenor ( , Php ) Ging nam cao, nhc c c cao. Tetrachord: ( Php ), Tettracorde ( Anh, c Php ) Chui bn m trong qung bn ng. Theme: Ch . Third: Qung ba. Third Stream: Mt thut ng c gii thiu trong nhng nm 1950 biu th phong cch m nhc kt hp ngu hng Jazz vi nhc c v hnh thc tc phm ca nhc c in. Thirty-second note: Nt mc tam, c gi tr bng mt na nt mc kp. Tie: Du ni - l du ni hai nt c cng cao sao cho vang ln c Trng bng hai nt ban u. Timpani ( )Trng nh m. Ton: ( Php ) Cung, ging iu ( Anh: Tone ) Tonal: ( Php ) Thuc ging iu. Tonanlitat, Tonanlit, tonality: ( Anh, Php, c ) iu tnh, ging iu. Tonic, Tonika, Tonique: ( Anh, c, Php ) m ch . Transpose, Transposer: ( Anh, Php ) Dch ging, chi hoc chp nhc sang ging iu khc, nhng gi nguyn giai Iu. Tremolo: ( ) V ( ting n ).

Trio: () Ht ba b, ho tu ba n. Triplet: Chm ba. Triton, Tritone: ( Php, Anh ) Qung ba cung. Tng t qung bn tng hay nm gim. Tune: Giai iu. Ln dy n. Turnaround: Mt tin trnh ngn trong mt tin trnh ho thanh xy ra ng vo im cui m ngi chi phi quay li bt u nhc li mt tin trnh di hn. Tutti: () Ho tu c dn nhc, ton tu.

U
Unison: ( Php ) ng m. Upbeat: 1. Nhng ln tay nhc ln trong khi p nhp. 2. Phn khng c nhn mnh trong mt nhp. Upright Bass: Contrabass, Double bass. Upright Piano: n Piano ng, vi dy n c mc theo chiu dc, khc vi Grand Piano c mc dy theo chiu ngang.

V
Valse: ( Php ) iu vanx , nhp 3/4. Vamp: Mt tin trnh hp m ngn (thng ch l mt, hai, hay bn hp m) nhc i nhc li nhiu ln. Thng dng cho m u v kt thc. Nhc Jazz v Pop nhng nm 1960 v 70 dng Vamp thay cho tin trnh hp m tng ng nh l phn m cho giai iu hay ngu hng. Variante: ( Php ) Bin th. Variantklang, Varianttonanrt: ( c ) Iu tnh bin th. Variation: ( Anh, c, Php ) Bin tu. Verse: Trong nhc ht thnh ca thing ling l mt phn cho giong ht solo. Vibrato: ( Php ) Rung ngn n, rung ging ht, rung hI thi . Viola:() n Vila, hI to hn n Vilng, bn dy thp hn mt qung 5 ( , xon, r, la) cn c gi l Alto. Violin, Violine, Violon: ( Anh, c , Php ) n Vilng, gc t n Vin chu u, na u th k XVII c ba nh lm n ni ting Amati, Guarnerius v Stradivari cI tin trong gn hai th k n hon thnh. Violoncelle, Violoncello: ( Php, ) n Xenl thuc h Vilng, to v trm hn, bn dy thp hn n Ant mt qung tm. Vivace: ( Php, ) Hot bt, sI ni, nhanh. Vivacissimo: () Rt sI ni. Vivo: () Si ni.

Voice: Ging, b. Voice Leading: Tin hnh b, ni tip b. Voicing: Xp sp b. 1. Cch thc t chc, tng m, b m, hay thm m ca mt hp m. 2. Phn b, nt cho mi nhc c. Volume: ( Php ) Quyn - m lng.

W
Walking: Mt phong cch chi bass m mi phch ca mt nhp nhn c mt nt ring r, do vy to ra mt vng chuyn ng ca cc nt en trong tm c ca cy Bass. Whole notes: Nt trn. Whole step: Nguyn cung, mt cung Whole tone: Qung hai trng. Mt cung. Whole tone scale: ( Anh ) Thang m su cung trong qung tm. Thang m ton cung. Windband: ( Anh ) i kn. Woodwinds: ( Anh ) Kn q.

Xylophone: ( Anh, c, Php ) Nhc c g gm nhiu phin g xp nm song song.

X Y

Yodel: ( Anh ) Li ht dn gian vng Tyrol.

Zoppa, alla: ( ) Kiu tit tu nhn vo nt mc th hai ca nhp 2/4.

A
m: Ting nhc, ting n ni chung m ch : m n nh nht ca thang m, c tc dng xc nh ging v iu thc (Anh:Tonic, Php:Tonique). m d n: m bc VII ca gam, cn gi l cm m (Anh: Leatingnote, c:Leitton, Php:Note sensible). m i u: Hiu qu ca chui m thanh c cao khc nhau gy c mt n tng, mt cm gic no . m giai: Chui m thanh ln hoc xung tng bc, thng c gi l gam (Php: gamme) m hnh: Hnh tng giai iu, tit tu hoc ho m c ngha hon chnh, r rng (Anh:Figure) m h ng: Hiu qu ca m thanh trong cm gic ngi nghe. m l ng: m nhc, dy, mng kho, yu ca m thanh. m nh c: Ngh thut dng m thanh th hin t tng, tnh cm con ngi. m s c: c tnh ca m thanh gip ta nhn r mi nhc kh, mi ging ng i, cn gi l mu m (Php: Timbre). m thanh: Cm gic chun xc do ngun rung c chn ng u, tai c th nhn bit, v dng lm cht liu trong m nhc (Anh: Sound, Php:Son). m v c Phm vi to thanh ca nhc c v ging ht t thp n cao (Latinh:Ambitus, Php: Etendue). m t: m bc V ca thang m (c, Php:Dominante)

B
B c: V tr m trong thang m Ban nh c: Nhm ngi cng chi n biu din nhng bn ho tu hoc m cho ht (Anh:band). Bn cung: Na cung B: Phn nhc cho mt nhm nhc c hoc ging ht cng loi trong hp xng (Php: Partie). B tng: b i theo b chnh trong bn nhc c nhiu b. Bi n t u: Trnh tu, th hin tc phm bng nhc kh hoc ging ht. Bnh: Du ho, xo nh hng ca du thang hoc ging. Bnh qun lu t: H thng chia thang m t nhin thnh m i hai na cung u nhau trong mt qung tm (Php: Temprament gal). B i m, b i m: m ph ca mt m c bn do hin tng cng hng to nn (c: Opertone, Php: Harmonique).

C
Ca khc Bi ht ngn c b cc mch lc (Anh: Song, Php: Chanson). Ca k ch: Kch ht c nhc m (Php: Opera). Ca s: Ngi chuyn v ht (Php: Chanteur). Ch m i: Chm bn phi nt nhc hay du lng tng thm na di cho nt hay du lng . Ch : Chui m thanh c hnh tng d nh, d nhn ra, dng pht trin trong tc phm m nhc. Chm cho : Nhc kh g bng hp kim ng cn gi l No bt (Anh: Cymbals, Php: Cymbale). Chuy n bin: Son li bn nhc ca nhc c ny cho nhc c khc hoc dn nhc biu din (Anh: Transcription, Php: arrangement).

Cng nng: ng lc trong tin trin m nhc (Php: Fonction). C ng Nh c: kh g bng hp kim ng (Php: Gong). C ng h ng: Lm tng vang, ngn ca m thanh (Anh, Php:Rsonance) C ng minh: Khong vang, cch lm cho ging ht vang hn. Cung: n v o khong cch gia hai nt (Anh: Tone, Php: Ton). Cng : mnh nh, to nh ca m thanh.

D
D khc: Bn n th hin tnh cm thuc v m (Anh, Php: Nocturne, : Notturno). Dm kn: Li g lm bng sy trc v.v... lp vo ming kn thi thnh ting. Dm n ch mt l, dm kp c hai l. Dn ca: Bi ht lu truyn trong dn gian, thng khng r tc gi (c: Volkslied) Dn nh c: Tp th nhc cng dng nhiu nhc c ho tu. Dn nhc quy m hn ban nhc (Anh: orchestra, Php: orchestre). D u ghi t t: Du c l n gin li chp nhc, lp li nhng nt hoc nhm nt ging nhau. D u l ng: Du ngt, ngh, im lng trong bn nhc (Php: Silence). D u luy n: Vng cung ni hai hoc nhiu nt khc cao , phi n lin ting, ht lin hi (Legato). D u ngn t do: Na vng khuyn nh, c chm gia t trn hoc di nt ko di tu. Cn gi l du min nhp (Php: Point d'orgue, : Fermala). D u ng ng t do: Ging k hiu du ngn nhng t trn hoc di du lng ngh di tu (Php: Point d'arrt). D u n i: Vng cung ni hai hoc nhiu nt cng cao , cng tn, ko di trng ca mt m. D u quay l i Hai chm t trc vch nhp n, ht li t on c du ging nh vy trc (Php: Point de reprise) Dy bung: Dy khng bm (Anh: Open String, Php: Corde vide). D ch gi ng: Chp hoc th hin bn nhc sang ging khc nhng vn gi nguyn giai iu, nhp iu. Di n ca: Kch ht khng c hnh ng nhiu v trang tr ln (: oratorio). Di n t u: Th hin m nhc bng nhc c. Di n vin: Ngi th hin tc phm m nhc hoc sn khu bng nhc c, ging ht hay ng tc.

n: Tn chung gi mt s nhc kh dy v g. o: S trao i b, ging, nt chiu dc trong ho thanh. o qung: chuyn v tr nt ln hoc xung mt qung tm. o h p m: i b trm ca hp m c bn. nh s h p m: Dng nhng ch s di dng cc nt b trm ch r hnh thi c bn hoc th a ca hp m. Cn gi l ghi s hp m (Php: Chiffrage). o phch: i th t nhn phch mnh, phch nh trong nhp (Php: Syricope). i p khc: Cu ht, v nhc ly li trong bi ht hoc bn n (Anh, Php: Refrain, c: Kehrreim). i u th c: Cung cch t chc ca mt thang m th hin trong th t sp xp cc qung khc nhau (Php: Mode). i u tnh: Kt qu tin trin tng quan gia mt nt chui hoc hp m, vi mt im t gi l trung tm iu tnh hoc m ch (Anh: Tonality, Php: Tonatit). o n: Thnh phn cu trc trong tc phm m nhc.

 c t u: Biu din mt ngi dng mt nhc c th hin l chnh (Anh, c, Php, : Solo). i v : Cch vit nhc nhiu b, lc u hai b i v gm tng cp nt cng gi tr, c tnh cht im i im (Php: Contrpoint). n ca: Ht mt ngi, dng mt ging ht biu din l chnh. ng: Tnh n nh, hi ho ca mt s qung ca thang m t nhin.

G
Gam: Thang m by bc t nhin trong mt qung tm (Php: Gamme). Gam th : Gam by bc c mt qung ba t t m ch n bc III (mt cung ri) (Php: Gamme mincure) Gam tr ng: Gam by bc c mt qung ba trng t m ch n bc III (hai cung) (Php: Gamme majeure). Giai i u: Chui m thanh c t chc hon chnh v hnh thc v ni dung (Anh: Molody, c, Php: Melodie). Ging: Du h thp na cung (Anh: Flat, Php: Bmol) Giao h ng: Ho tu ln, tn dng s phong ph a dng v ho thanh, m sc, vang ca nhiu nhc c, thng gm bn tc to thnh bn chng tng phn nhng gn b hu c (Anh: Symphony, c: Sinfonie, Php: Symphonie, : Snonia). Gi ng: Ting ni, ting ht, b ht - cn c ngha l ging iu. Gi ng i u: 1. Mt dy m to thnh bt c thang m trng hay th no, c quan h ho thanh, c cc quan h gia m ch vi cc m khc. 2. Tnh cht c trng ca thang m, cn gi l iu tnh (Anh: Tonality, Php: Tonalif).

H t: Bc IV ca gam, trn m ch mt qung bn ng hoc d i m ch mt qung nm ng (Anh: Subdominant, Php: Sous dominante). Hnh khc: Bn nhc, bi ht dng i u bc (Anh: March, c: Marsch, Php: Marche, : Marica). Hnh th c m nh c: Cu trc tc phm m nhc, thng gm hai loi chnh: Phc iu (Php: Polyphonte) v ch iu (Php: Homophonie). Ho bi u: Tp hp cc du thng hoc ging v s nhp u khung nhc, sau kho hoc gia bn nhc, sau vch i, c gi tr trong sut bn nhc hoc on nhc (Anh: Signature, Php: Armature). H p m: Nhiu m to thnh nhng qung ba chng ln nhau trng thi c bn (c: Akkord, Php: Accord). H p m ba: Hp m gm hai qung ba trng v mt qung th trng thi c bn. H p m b y: Hp m bn nt xp thnh ba qung chng ln nhau trng thi c bn. Nt trn cng to thnh qung by vi m gc (c: Septakkord, Php: Accord de septime). H p x ng: T chc thanh nhc ht nhiu ging, nhiu b (Anh: Choir, c: Chor, Php: Choeur).

K
Kn: Tn chung ca nhc c thi hi (Php: instru-mnt vnt). K t: Chun b giai iu, tit tu, ho thanh kt thc tc phm m nhc hoc n im ngh trong bn nhc (c: Schluss, Php: Cadence). Kho: K hiu u khung nhc ch tn nt i vi khoa lm mc gi tn cc nt khc. ba kho thng dng l kho Xon, kho Pha v kho (Anh:Key, Php:Clef). K hi u: Du v ch vit tt ghi trn hoc km vi dng nhc (Gm cc kho, s phn nhp, nt nhc, du lng, cc sc thi v k thut din tu....)

L
Ly: Kiu din tu, n thm nt ph i vi nt chnh (Php: Apogiature) Ly chm: Nhm trang tr gm bn nt (: Gruppetto) Lin khc: Hnh thc sng tc gm nhiu phn gn hu c vi nhau (Php: Cycle4). Lnh x ng: Cu ht, on ht do mt ngi ht trc hoc sau phn ht ca tp th.

M
M ph ng: Nhc li mt mt giai iu no ln l t trong cc ging, cc b. M phng l mt yu t trong phong cch ca phc iu (Anh, c, Php: Imilation).

N
Nam cao: Ging nam t nhim m khu cao nht thng ht giai iu chnh trong hp xng (Anh, Php, : Tnor). Nam tr m: Ging nam thp v khe nht trong hp xng (Anh: Bass, Php: Basse, Basso). Nam trung: Ging nam gia ging cao v trm (Anh: Baritone, Php: Baryton) Ng u h ng: Xem ng tu Ngh ch phch: Du lng t vo phch mnh hoc phn u ca phch mnh, gy cm gic khng n nh (Php: Contretemps) Nh c c m: Cm xc, nhn thc v ngha ni dung ca m nhc. Nh c chi u: Bn n, bi ht din t v bui chiu (c: Standchen, Php: Srnade). Nh c ch i u: Cu trc m nhc trn mt giai iu chnh, phn ho thanh v cc b khc ch m theo (Php: Homophonie) Nh c : Nt nhc trn vn v giai iu, ho thanh, cu trc v ni dung, dng pht trin, bin tu trong tc phm m nhc (Anh: Theme, Php: Thme). Nh c i n t : Nhc dng m thanh to ra bng thit b in t (Php: Musique lctronique). Nh c k ch: Hnh thc din kch bng ca ht c dn nhc ph ho (: Opera). Nh c l: L thuyt v m nhc (Php: Thorie musicale) Nh c nh : m nhc vui chi, gii tr (Php: Musicque lgre) Nh c phn i u: Hnh thc ghp b t do, tu hng khng c lin h ho thanh do nhiu nhc c bin tu cng mt giai iu gc, theo tnh nng k xo ring, l mt kiu phc iu trong bin tu (Php: Htrophonie). Nh c tr ng: Ngi ko vilng ngi hng u, bn tri ch huy, hoc mt nhc cng c trnh c tu, c trch nhim sp xp chuyn mn trong dn nhc (c: Konzertmeister). Nh p: n v thi gian trong tin trin m nhc.(xem nhp) Nh p : S la chn php lm n v cng trong bn nhc v dng my g nhp xc nh, cn gi l tc (Php: Mouvement). N t: Du hnh bu dc c ui hoc khng ui dng ghi m trn khung nhc (Php: Note). N t trang tr: Nt ph t im cho nt nhc. N cao: Ging n cao nht, ht b cao nht trong hp xng (: Soprano). N tr m: Ging n thp nht, ngang vi Nam cao nhng rng v mt hn (: Contrallo) N trung: Ging gia ging cao v ging trm ca n (: Mezzo soprano).

nh p: Khong cch gia hai vch nhp, chia u bn nhc thnh tng n v gm mt s phch bng nhau, phch u nhp thng mnh (Php: Mesure)

P
Phch: n v thi gian ca nhp (Php: Temps). Phch hi u: Ch hoc hai s vit chng ln nhau ch cch nh nhp v thnh phn trng trong nhp. Cn gi l S bo nhp (Anh: Time Signature, c: Taktzeichen). Phm n: Ming chn dy nngn trn cc n dy c phm - B phn bm ngn ca cc nhc khi c bn phm. Phong c m: n gi, tn thng gi ca cc n ccocng (Php: Accordon) Ph c i u: Cch vit nhc, nhiu b giai iu c quan h vi nhau v ho thanh (Php: Polyphonite).

Q
Qu n ca: Ngi ch huy mt i ng ca. Qung: Khong cch gia hai nt, tnh bng cung v na cung v gi theo s bc gia hai nt (Php: Intervalle) Qung giai iu cn gi l qung ri, gia hai m ln lt vang ln. Qung ho thanh: Cn gi l qung chp hoc qung chng l khong cch ca hai m vang cng mt lc. Qu c ca: Bi ht chnh thc tiu biu cho mt nc (Anh: National Anthem, Php: Hymne national) Qu c t ca: Bi ht chnh thc ca giai cp v sn th gii, li ca Eugne Pottier vit nm 1871, nhc do Degeyter sng tc nm 1888 (Php: l'Internationale).

R
R i: n ln lt nhng nt ca mt hp m (Arpeggio). Rung: Li din tu lm ting n vang mm mi, uyn chuyn (Vibrato). S c thi: Mc mnh, nh, to, nh trong din tu, th hin ni dung tnh cm ca bn nhc, thng ch dn bng ting , c km hoc khng km k hiu (Php: Nuance). So: Nhc kh hi lm bng nhiu nguyn liu, (ng na, g, trc, kim kh v.v..) c l bm, thi ngang hoc thi dc (Anh, Php: Flute, c: Elote, : Flauto) Song ca: Ht hai ngi (: Duo) Song t u: Ho nhc hai ngi (: Duo)

T
Tam t u: tu ba Bn ho tu cho ba nhc c (: Trio) Thang m: Chui m thanh ln hoc xung tng bc (Anh: Scale, : Scala). Thng: Du ho, nng cao ca m ln na cung. Thanh nh c: m nhc th hin bng ging ngi. Ti t t u: Th t nhp nhng ca cc phch mnh v nh, trong tng nhp hoc nhiu nhp, em li vn ng v sc sng cho m nhc. (Anh: Rhythm, c: Rhythmus, :Ritme, Php: Rythme). T khc: Bn nhc ghp nhiu bi ngn th ng l nhc ma, tng phn v iu thc, tc , tit tu v.v.. (Php: Suite). T c : nhanh, chm trong s th hin m nhc, cn gi l nhp . My g nhp do Manden ch to t nm 1816 ghi r tc bng con s chnh xc mi pht bao nhiu phch (Php: Mouvement).

Tr ng: Nhc c g thn trn rng c mt hoc hai mt cng da, dng ci nh (Anh: Drum, c: Trommet, Php: Tambour). Tr ng nh m: Trng ci tin dng trong dn nhc giao hng, tang hnh vc su lm bng kim loi, mt bng da c vnh ai bt c thay i cao . Dng ci u g, da, n, cao su v.v... v tu cch nh c th thay i mnh v mu sc ting trng (Anh: Kettledrum, c: Pauke, Php: Timbales, : Timpani).

ng di n, ng tc, ng t u: Chi nhc khng cn bi ghi sn hoc chun b trc. (Anh: Impovise, Php: improviser).

V
V: Din tu nt nhc hoc mt hp m nhiu ln rt nhanh (: Tremolo) Vi: Cung ko cng bng lng ui nga dng cho mt s nhc kh nh nh, h, vilng (Php:Arobet, : Arco).

X
X ng m: Ht nhng nt ghi trn khung nhc ng nhp phch, cao , trng v sc thi (Php: Solfge, : Solfeggio).