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pkd;&Sdef
1
ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOf aeYprJG sm;
pkd;&Sdef
q&mMu;D ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f onf jynfc&kid f a&Tawmife,f ? 0g;v,f&mG Zmwdjzpf
onf/ tzOD;pH'eG ;f ? trda':tke;f jzpfonf/
1876
rwfv 23-&uf(1237-ck ? waygif;vjynfah usmf 14-&uf ? Mumoyaw;aeY)jref
rmem&Dwcsuw
f ;D ausmw
f iG f zGm;jrifonf/ i,frnf armifvrG ;f armif jzpfonf/
1883
7-ESpo
f m;t&G,w
f iG f rdrOd ;D av; OD;yOi;f ESirhf Eav;jrKd UokYd pmoifwufa&mufonf/
1885
Ek0d ifbmv 29-&uf(1247-ck ? wefaqmifrek ;f vqkwf 8-&uf)aeYwiG f oDaygbk&if
ygawmfro
l nf/ xdak eYwiG yf if oydww
f vk;H vG,f ? ouFe;f wxnf yck;H wifjy;D jrawmif
ausmif;wku
d rf aS e ppfuidk ;f bufoYdk awmxGucf o
hJ nf/ rk&H mG ? tvkH ? aMu;rIH ? acsmif;OD;?
2
ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOf aeYprJG sm;
1895(1256)
tz OD;pH'eG ;f uG,v
f eG o
f nf/ omoemabmifrS xGuo
f nf/ a&TawmifjrKd UrSae
&efuek o
f Ydk tvky&f mS qif;onf/ ql;avbk&m;vrf;&Sd ZrLUMuufoa&pmykEH ydS w
f u
dk w
f iG f pm
pDtvkyu
f &dk onf/ xkrd w
S qifh pmjyift,f'w
D m jzpfvmonf/
ZrLUMuufoa&wkdufwGif tvkyfvkyfaepOf Munfhjrifwkdifola':&SifESifhtaMumif;
ygonf/
ZrLUMuufoa&ykHESdyfwkdufukd owif;pmwkduftjzpf ajymif;vJvkdufjyD;onfhaemuf
q&m&if;rsm; r&Sdonfhtcg ]]ZrLUMuufoa&}}wkdufrS EkwfxGufjyD; ]]&efukefwkdif;}}owif;
pmwku
d o
f Ydk ajymif;vJvyk u
f idk o
f nf/
&efukefwkdif;owif;pm
&ef
pmrSm ykvdyfa*ZuftwGuf tpkd;&xHrS uefx&kdufysufoGm;
jyefojzifh armfvjrdKifokdYajymif;a&GUjyD; jrefrmwkdif;owif;pm
pmwGif t,f'Dwmvkyfonf/
armiform"dtrnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;onf/
1897
rk&H mG jrKd UwGif owrwef;pmar;yGJ atmifco
hJ nf/
1905
'DZifbmv(1267-ck ? ewfawmfv)wGif armfvjrdKif jrefrmwkdif;owif;pmwkduf
wGift,f'Dwm vkyfaepOf armfvjrdKif &mZ0if0wK ukd ykHESdyfxkwfa0onf/
pmpa&;onfrSp if;pmtkyfa&;onftxd a&TawmifarmifvGrf; [laom u
avmiftrnfudk cH,o
l nf/
]]uAsmhom&rOL}}}}ukd xkwfa0onf/
]]uAsmh
jrefrmwkid ;f owif;pmrSxu
G jf y;D Zif;usKd uaf wmifwiG f t*&d wfx;dk onf/ twefMum
vQiaf &TawmifoYkd jyefonf/
1910
uAsmom&woN*K[f xkwfa0onf/
1911
jrefrm&mZ0ifcsKyfESifha&Tewfawmifbk&m;orkdif; a&;om;xkwfa0onf/
ol&,
d owif;pm
pmay:xGuv
f monft
h cgwGif ol&,
d t,f'w
D mvkyo
f nf/ vuf
rIynm#Dumukd q&mvGe;f trnfjzifh a&;onf/ ]]bke;f Mu;D ys'H yD eD}} a&;onf/
1913
]]Ekid if jH cm;omoemjyKav;csKd ;}}ukd a&;onf/
3
bkwvifoYdk c&D;vSn
hf pmoifco
hJ nf/
ouFe;f 0wfjzifyh if uEu
D eJif; ? a&Tbdk if; pmoifonf/ &Sit
f rnf y@dw
jzpfonf/
pkd;&Sdef
1913-14
ol&d,owif;pmwGif ]]Akdvf#Dum}}aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd pwifa&;onf/ xkdtcgrSp
rpwmarmif;rIdif;[laom uavmiftrnfukd cH,lonf/
1914-15(1277)
ZeD;jzpfol a':&Sif uG,v
f eG t
f edpa &mufonf/ ZeD;onf uG,v
f eG o
f nft
h csed w
f iG f
om;orD;av;a,muf usefcJhonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp q&mMuD;uG,fvGefonftxd aemuf
xyftrd af xmif rjyKbJ aecJo
h nf/
1916
]]rSmykaH wmf0wK}}yxrwGu
J dk a&;om;xkwaf 0onf/
1917
rPdcufeef;wGif; ZmwfawmfMuD; udkwnf;jzwf xkwfa0onf/
1919
(1281)
1919(1281)
]]a'gif;#Dum}}
m}}a&;onf/ if;pmtkyfukd trsdK;om;ynma&;tzGJU oifcef;pmaumfr
wDu &Spq
f ifw
h iG f ok;H &ef jy|mef;onf/
Zlvidk v
f wGif 0kid t
f rfbaD t toif;csKyu
f Mu;D rSL; OD;yk ? OD;babESiOhf ;D xGe;f &Sed f
wdu
Yk kd bdvyfoYkd uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f jzpfjzifh vTw
f [kr& ;l twGuf ta&;qkcd idk ;f onf/ xkt
d
]]Mo'dywemav;csdK;MuD;}}}}jzihfzGJUqkd aumif;csD;Mobmay;cJhonf/
cgq&mMuD;u]]Mo'd
]]rSmykHawmf0wK}}}}'kwd,wGJ xkwfa0onf/
1920
]]a'gif;taraqG
bdvyfoGm;ukd,fpm;vS,f OD;xGef;&SdefuG,fvGefaomtcg(2-6-20)]]a'gif
wrdrSmjzifh}}}tpcsDonfh av;csdK;udk zGJUqkdonf/
1921
]]rSmykHawmf0wK}}wwd
}}
,wGJudk xkwfa0onf/
wuov
dk af usmif;om;oydwEf iS phf yfvsO;f ay:aygufvmonft
h rsKd ;om;aumvdyf
wGif jrefrmpmygarmutjzpf aqmif&u
G &f eftwGuf ol&,
d owif;pmwku
d t
f ,f'w
D mt
jzpfrS Ekwx
f u
G o
f nf/
aemifwiG f &mZ0ifygarmutjzpf aqmif&u
G o
f nf/
ESpw
f iG yf if a*smb
h &k if\om;Mu;D a0vrif;om; tifyidk ,
f mtwGi;f vSnv
fh nf
&m jrefrmjynfoYdk qku
fd af &mufvmonf/ xkt
d cg q&mMu;D xHwiG f jrefrmpmayoif,b
l ;l
aom OD;aratmifu q&mMu;D tm; ulnv
D
dk ]]a0vrif;om; cs;D usL;*kPjf yK&wkudk a&;
ay;yg ? Pfyal Zmfc aiGwaxmif cs;D jri yhf grnf}}[k yefMum;onfudk ]]q&mMu;D u jrefrm
Ekid if u
H dk uRejf yKonft
h *Fvyd b
f &k ifr\ajr;udk cs;D usL;aompm ra&;vk}d }[k ajymum jiif;
y,fvu
dk o
f nf/
1922
(1284)
1922(1284)
arsmuf#Dummukda&;onf/
rSefeef;&mZ0ifawmfopfukd wnf;jzwfxkwfa0onf/
1923
arsmuf*Pd a&;om;xkwfa0onf/
A[ef;ae&Sife,f aumvdyfysufaomtcg '*kefr*Zif;wkdufwGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf
jzifah qmif&u
G o
f nf/
1924
(1286)
1924(1286)
rpwmarmifridI ;f \aqmif;yg;csKyMf u;D (yXrwG)J xkwaf 0onf/
1925
AEKv*sme,fwiG f acG;#Dummaqmif;yg;rsm; pwifa&;onf/ ZGev
f 13-&ufaeYxw
k f
ol&,
d owif;pmwGi]f ]a&Twav;bGUJ uAsmav;csKd ;Mu;D }} a&;onf/
1927
AEKv*sme,fwiG ]f ]w&ky'f yD eD}} tcef;qufaqmif;yg; a&;onf/
ZGev
f 29-&uf(1289-ck ? 0gqkv
d qef; 1-&ufaeYxw
k f AEKv*sme,fwiG f ]]pHz}J }t
aMumif;aqmif;yg; a&;onf/
Mo*kwv
f 10-&uf ? (1289-ck ? 0gacgifvqef; 13-&uf)aeYxw
k f ? AEKv*sme,f
rSp ]]ykaH wmif Ekid af rmfueG ;f #Dum}} a&;onf/
1928-29
awmykef;MuD;pHzJ MudK;rdefYusonfhta&;wGif acgif;aqmif t,lcHudpaqmif&Guf
ay;onf/
jrif;jcaH xmifwiG f pHzu
J dk oGm;a&mufawGUqko
H nf/
1930
q&mpH olykefxonfhtcsdefwGif ol&d,owif;pm *VKefysH'DyeD#Dum aqmif;yg;
rsm;a&;onf/
1931
a'gif;*Pd ukda&;om;xkwfa0onf/
1933
*VKefysH'DyeD#Dummpmtkyfukd xkwfa0onf/
atmufwkdbmvxkwf wkd;wufa&;r*Zif;wGif ]]&mZ0ifeDwd}}tcef;qufaqmif;
yg;ukd pwifa&;onf/
1934
Ek0d ifbmv 30-&uf ? 1296-ck ? wefaqmifrek ;f vqkwf 10-&uf wuov
kd t
f rsKd ;
om;aeYusi;f yonfh tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf aqmif&u
G o
f nf/ obmywdtjzpf
5
ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOf aeYprJG sm;
pkd;&Sdef
ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOf aeYprJG sm;
pkd;&Sdef
1945
'kwd,urmppf jyD;aomtcg &efukefjrdKUokdYjyefvmonf/ wkYdArmtpnf;t&kH;Xme
csKyjf yefvnfziG v
hf pS o
f nft
h cg Ou|tjzpf wifajrm ufjcif; cH&onf/
1947
Zlvidk v
f ? Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESiw
hf uG acgif;aqmiftcsKd U usq;Hk onfwiG ]f ]tmZm
enfArd mef#u
D m}}a&; rSww
f rf;wifco
hJ nf/
1948
pufwifbm(19)&uf ? a&Tw*d aHk pwDawmifbuf apmif;wef; jyKvyk af om(19)Murd f
ajrmufO;D 0dpm&aeYwiG f Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;tzGUJ ukd zGUJ jy;D em,utjzpfaqmif
&Guo
f nf/
{jyDv tmZmenfAdrmefpmtkyfukd a&;om;xkwfa0onf/
Ek0d ifbm (28)&uf ? jird ;f csr;f a&;twGuf ESpOf ;D ESpb
f ufaphpyfEidk &f ef 6-OD;aumfrwD
zGUJ 0efMu;D csKyo
f cifEEk iS ahf wGUqk&H ef awmif;qkcd \
hJ /
1950
Zefe0g&Dv ? vGwfvyfa&;ESpfywfvnfwGif]]tvuFmausmfpGm}}bGJU&onf/ Mo*kwf
vwGif ]]tdyrf uf'|d K#H u
D m}} xkwaf 0onf/
1952
azazmf0g&DvwGi]f ],ufuef;'DyeD}}aqmif;yg;ukd a&;onf/
yDuif; usi;f yaom tm&SEiS yhf pdzw
d af 'oEkid if rH sm;\jird ;f csr;f a&;uGezf &ifo
h w
Ydk uf
a&mufonf/
arv (10)&ufrS (14)&uftxd *sLbvDa[mwGif usi;f yaom urmjh ird ;f csr;f a&;
uGe*f &uf(ArmEkid if )H u q&mMu;D tm; uGe*f &ufOu|Mu;D tjzpf wifajrm ufMuonf/
Zlvidk v
f (10)&uf jynfwiG ;f ppf &yfpaJ &; jynfwiG ;f jird ;f csr;f a&; yefMum;vTm xkwf
jyefco
hJ nf/
1953
w&kyjf ynf ? rGe*f v
dk ;D ,m; ? [efa*&D ? qkAd ,
D uf,el ,
D o
H Ydk c&D;vSnv
hf nfonf/ ,if;
okdYc&D;vSnfhvnf&ef arv(29)&ufaeYup jrefrmjynfrS xGufcGmonf/ Zlvkdifv(28)
&ufwiG f jrefrmjynfojYdk yefa&mufonf/
1954
'DZifbmv (20)&uf ? armfpukdjrdKUwGif usif;yonfh urmhpwmvifqk a&T;cs,f
ay;tyfa&;tzGUJ Mu;D u q&mMu;D tm; 1954-ckEpS t
f wGuf jird ;f csr;f a&;pwmvifqt
k yf ESi;f &ef
qk;H jzwfonf/
1955
rwfv(22)&uf ? Ak'[l;aeY eHeuf 7-em&DwGif jrefrmEkdifiHpma&;q&mtoif;u
8
ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOf aeYprJG sm;
pkd;&Sdef
xm;jy;D Mo0g'cH,o
l nf/
ZGev
f (28)&uf ? Avp(vli,frsm;tpnf;t&k;H )14-ESpaf jrmufaeYwiG f jynfwiG ;f ppf
&yfpaJ &;yefMum;vTmukd q&mMu;D ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f vufrw
S af &;xk;d jy;D wjynfv;Hk if;
yefMum;vTmvufrw
S rf sm; aumufc&H ef pwifonf/
1957
oD[Vdk Ef iS t
hf Ed ,
d oku
Yd rmjh ird ;f csr;f a&; uGezf &ift
h wGuf oGm;a&mufonf/
rwfv(21)&ufrS (23)&ufaeYtxd urmhjidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf(jrefrmEkdifiH)\Ekdif
iHvkH;qkdif&m aumfrwDwkd;csJUnDvmcHukd usif;yonf/ xkdnDvmcHwGif rdefYcGef;ajymMum;
onf/
rwfv(28)&uf ? jynfwGif;ppf(10)ESpf&SdcJhonfhtwGuf vlxkqEjyyGJjyKvkyfonf/
q&mMu;D u ]]jynfwiG ;f jird ;f csr;f a&;ukd igraocif jrifomG ;csiyf gonf}}[k rdeMYf um;onf/
1958
ZGev
f (1)&uf ? &efuek f uefawmfrifyef;jcH usi;f yonfjh ynfwiG ;f jird ;f csr;f a&;qE
jyvlxt
k pnf;ta0;wGif obmywdtjzpf rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;onf/
1960
Mo*kwfv(10)&uf ? ta&SU*smreDjynf [rf;bkdYwuokdvfu *kPfxl;aqmifynm
yg&*l(a'gufwmbGUJ )tyfEiS ;f onf/
1961
Mo*kwv
f (20)&uf ? &efuek jf rKd U Munfjh rifwidk f pvif;ausmif;wku
d t
f wGi;f usi;f y
jyKvyk o
f nfh &efuek cf &kid jf ynfwiG ;f jird ;f csr;f a&;tzGUJ wku
d ef ,fau'gaygif;pkH tpnf;ta0;
Mu;D wGif rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;onf/
1963
Mo*kwfv(6)&uf ? nae 4-em&DwGif jrdKUawmfcef;r usif;yonfh[D;&kd&SD;rm;aeY
tcrf;tem;okYd jird ;f csr;f a&;uGe*f &uf Ou|taejzifh o0PfvmT ay;yko
Yd nf/
1964
Zlvidk v
f (23)&uf ? Mumoyaw;aeY eHeuf 1-em&Dcw
JG iG f vlMu;D a&m*gjzifu
h ,
G v
f eG f
onf/
q&mMu;D \psmyetwGuf awmfveS af &;tpk;d &u yxraiGwaomif; ? aemufxyf
aiGig;axmif axmufyo
hH nf/
owif;pmwku
d rf sm;uae]]bMu;D rIid ;f psmye&efyaHk iG}}zGio
hf nf/
Zlvidk (f 26)&uf ? aeYv,fwem&DwiG f jrefrmjynfoYkd acwjyefvmol ukvor*t
wGi;f 0efcsKyOf ;D oefu
Y q&mMu;D \&kyu
f vmyfukd *g&0jyKonf/
Zlvidk v
f (28)&uf ? q&mMu;D csuu
f pdk vkad A;uD;,m;jynfoYdk a&mufpOfu &ku
d u
f ;l
cJo
h nf&h yk &f iS w
f um;ukd csut
f pk;d &xHrS ay;yd&Yk &So
d jzifh &efuek &f dS csuo
f t
H rwfMu;D a'guf
10
wmukyd wfuu
D ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f rdom;pkoYdk ay;tyfonf/
Zlvkdifv(29)&uf ? nae 5-em&DwGif q&mMuD;\&kyfuvmyfukd prf;acsmif;vrf;
aetdrfr@yfrSae prf;acsmif;abmvkH;uGif;&Sd awmfvSefa&;tpkd;&u aqmufvkyfxm;
aomr@yfoYkd a&GUajymif;onf/
Mo*kwv
f (8)&uf ? aeYv,fEpS ef m&Dtcsed w
f iG f q&mMu;D \&kyu
f vmyfukd prf;acsmif;
r@yfrS a&Tw*d b
Hk &k m;vrf;&Sd uefawmfrifyef;jco
H Ydk ykaYd qmif*o
l iG ;f onf/
pkd;&Sdef
rSwcf su/f
/1967-ck ? 'DZifbmv ? ESm(29-34/) aiGwm&Dr*Zif;vm&Sad om ocif
uk,
d af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOfaeYprJG sm;ukd jyefvnf jyifqifjcif;r&Sb
d J &ku
d Ef ydS o
f nf/
11
ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \b0jzpfpOf aeYprJG sm;