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Conserve de Legume
Conserve de Legume
2%,(&7,9(850
5,7(
$WUDJHUHD DWHQ LHL VWXGHQ LORU DVXSUD LPSRUWDQ HL YDORULL DOLPHQWDUH D DFHVWXL UH]HUYRU
ELRORJLF GH YLWDPLQH L SULQFLSLL FKLPLFH FX URO WHUDSHXWLF vQ FRQWH[WXO XQHL YDORULILF UL
REZUMAT
$FHVW FDSLWRO YLQH V FRPSOHWH]H FXQRWLQ HOH DVLPLODWH GLQ VWXGLXO FRQVHUY ULL IUXFWHORU
L
9
6RUWLPHQWHOHGHFRQVHUYHGHOHJXPHVWHULOL]DWHVHJUXSHD] DVWIHO
A -FRQVHUYHGHOHJXPHvQDS LEXOLRQ
B - conserve de legume n ulei;
C -FRQVHUYHGHOHJXPHvQR HW
PURGXVHOHWUHEXLHV
FRUHVSXQG GRFXPHQWHORUWHKQLFHQRUPDWLYHGHSURGXVvQYLJRDUH
1. MATERIA PRIM
&RQGL LLGHFDOLWDWH
0DWHULD SULP
LLSURGXVHORUILQLWH
$SUHFLHUHDFDOLW
GHFRQGL
&DOLWDWHDOHJXPHORUVHGHILQHWHSULQLQGLFDWRULJHQHUDOLLLQGLYLGXDOLDLVSHFLHLLVRLXOXL
$VSHFWXO H[WHULRU DO OHJXPHORU HVWH QR LXQHD FH LQFOXGH R VHULH GH LQGLFDWRUL FDOLWDWLYL
VSHFLILF VRLXOXLUHFROWDWHODVWDGLXOGHPDWXULWDWHLQGXVWULDO
&RQ LQXWXO ULGLFDW vQ VXEVWDQ H XWLOH UHSUH]LQW XQ DOW IDFWRU LPSRUWDQW GH LQGLFDWRUL
DVHPHQHD HVWH IRDUWH LPSRUWDQW SURSRU LD SULQFLSDOLORU FRQVWLWXHQ L DL S U LL FRPHVWLELOH KLGUD L
GHFDUERQDPLQRDFL]LV UXULPLQHUDOHYLWDPLQHHWFSUHFXPLUDSRUWXOGLQWUHDFHVWHD
'HHXULOHDGPLVHODFXU
LUHDOHJXPHORUVXSXVHLQGXVWULDOL]
ULL
Tabelul nr.31
Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Denumirea legumei
Ardei
Bame
&DVWUDYH L
Dovlecei
Fasole verde
Tomate
Vinete
&HDS
Usturoi
Praz
Hrean
Morcovi
3 WUXQMHOU G FLQL
3 VWkUQDF
6IHFO URLH
HOLQ U G FLQL
&RQRSLG
9DU] DOE
9DU] URLH
&HDS YHUGH
Spanac
3 WUXQMHOIUXQ]H
0 UDU
/HXWHDQ
HOLQ IUXQ]H
'HHXUL
16,2-20,8
10,4-14,5
3,6-8,5
15,2-30,5
6,4-11,3
5,3-12,4
8,6-25,2
6,4-12,5
7,6-14,8
32,4-49,7
25,2-28,9
26,4-38,2
22,5-34,6
20,4-28,6
20,4-28,3
25,4-37,6
36,4-45,3
10,8-24,3
12,3-20,6
12,4-15,8
18,7-40,2
5,8-10,6
4,5-8,7
5,4-15,6
3,8-7,6
1DWXUDGHHXULORU
SHGXQFXOLFDOLFLXVHPLQ H
pedunculi, caliciu
pedunculi, caliciu
SHGXQFXOLFDOLFLXVHPLQ H
SHGXQFXOLD HYkUIXULFRGL H
coji, colet
coji, colet
coji, colet
coji, colet
coji, colet
caliciu, tulpini, frunze
WXOSLQ IUXQ]HH[WHULRDUHFRWRU
WXOSLQ IUXQ]HH[WHULRDUHFRWRU
tulpini, pedunculi
tulpini, pedunculi
SH LROQHUYXUL
6H UHFRPDQG XWLOL]DUHD VRLXULORU GH OHJXPH FX UDQGDPHQW PD[LP OD FXU
le.
1R LXQHD GH FDOLWDWH D OHJXPHORU GHVWLQDWH LQGXVWULDOL] ULL LQFOXGH GH DVHPHQHD L
FRPSRUWDUHD ORU vQ GLIHULWH ID]H DOH SURFHVXOXL WHKQRORJLF vQ VFRSXO S VWU ULL SURSULHW
LORU
FDOLWDWLYHFkWPDLDSURSLDWHGHFHOHLQL LDOH
6HUHFRPDQG VRLXULGHOHJXPHFDUHvQXUPDWUDWDPHQWHORUPHFDQLFHLWHUPLFHQXVXIHU
PRGLILF UL HVHQ LDOH GH FXORDUH L JXVW DX SLHUGHUL PLQLPH GH VXEVWDQ H VROXELOH XWLOH ]DKDUXUL
YLWDPLQHWHFLvLS VWUHD] WH[WXUDI U vQPXLHUHDH[FHVLY D HVXWXULORU
PRPHQWXOXL RSWLP GH UHFROWDUH SUDFWLF VH SRDWH UHDOL]D QXPDL SULQ FXQRDWHUHD IRDUWH H[DFW D
stabilirii uQRU
VXEVWDQ HPLQHUDOHQWLPSXOPDWXULW
LLSURSULX-]LVHVHSURGXFHEUXQLILFDUHDVHPLQ HORUODXQHOH
legume (vinete, bame, ardei, dovlecei etc.)
n procesul de maturizare a lHJXPHORUVHGLVWLQJXUP WRDUHOHHWDSHSULQFLSDOH
PDWXULWDWHDFRPHUFLDO
PDWXULWDWHDLQGXVWULDO
maturitatea de consum;
PDWXULWDWHDIL]LRORJLF
WUHEXLH V FRLQFLG FX PDWXULWDWHD GH FRQVXP LQkQG VHDPD GH FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH OHJXP
elor n
DFHDVW HWDS
3HQWUXDVHDVLJXUDOHJXPHFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHLQGXVWULDOL] ULLVHLPSXQXUP WRDUHOHP VXUL
JHQHUDOH FH WUHEXLH DSOLFDWH GH F WUH SURGXF WRULL GH OHJXPH L GH F WUH XQLW
LOH GH
LQGXVWULDOL]DUHLDQXPH
LLQGLFDWHSHQWUXLQGXVWULDOL]DUH
HDORQDUHDFXOWXULORUvQVFRSXOSUHOXQJLULLFDPSDQLHLGHSUHOXFUDUH
DVLJXUDUHDFRQGL LLORUGHPDWXUL]DUHXQLIRUP DORWXULORUvQVFRSXODSOLF ULLUHFROW ULL
mecanizate a legumelor.
Legumele preconservate dHVLQDWH SUHOXFU
SULQDSOLFDUHDXUP WRDUHOHPHWRGH
VXSUDV UDUH OD DUGHL JUDV DUGHL LXWH IUXQ]H FRQGLPHQWDUH S WUXQMHO P UDU WDUKRQ
DFLGLILUHODJRJRDULDUGHL.DSLDFDVWUDYH LGRYOHFHLSDWLVRQ
HOLQ IRLGHYL
PD] UH
VWHULOL]DUH vQ DPEDODMH PDUL OD RULFH IHO GH OHJXPH vQ SUDFWLF DFHVW
tip de
FRQJHODUHODPD] UHIDVROHYHUGHHWF
3H OkQJ FRQGL LLOH FDOLWDWLYH FH VH LPSXQ PDWHULHL SULPH GHVWLQDW LQGXVWULDOL] ULL OD
legumele preconservaWH VH YD DFRUGD R DWHQ LH GHRVHELW FRQVLVWHQ HL DYkQG vQ YHGHUH
tratamentele termice la care se supun produsele n procesul tehnologic de fabricare al
conservelor.
/HJXPHOHSURDVSHWHLSUHFRQVHUYDWHWUHEXLHV FRUHVSXQG FRQGL LLORUWHKQLFHGHFDOLWDWH
5HFHS LH
5HFHS LDUHSUH]LQW FRQWUROXOFDOLWDWLYLFDQWLWDWLYDOOHJXPHORU5HFHS LDFDOLWDWLY FRQVW
vQ H[DPHQXO RUJDQROHSWLF L YHULILFDUHD FRQGL LLORU WHKQLFH vQVFULVH vQ GRFXPH
ntul tehnic
normativ de produs.
8Q URO KRW UkWRU vO DX H[DPHQXO RUJDQROHSWLF L YHULILFDUHD VW ULL VDQLWDUH D OHJXPHORU
I U V RSRDW VWDELOLvQWRWGHDXQDYDORDUHDORUWHKQRORJLF
'H DVHPHQHD QLFL SULQ GHWHUPLQ ULOH GH ODERUDWRU QX VH SRW VWDELOL FX
precizie valoarea
WHKQRORJLF OHJXPHORU GLQ OLSVD XQRU PHWRGH DQDOLWLFH UDSLGH FDUH V LQGLFH HYHQWXDOHOH
GHJUDG UL6LQJXUDPHWRG MXVW GHGHWHUPLQDUHDFDOLW
LLFRQVW vQDSUHFLHUHDOHJXPHORUSHED]
vQWUHJXOXLFRPSOH[GHGDWH RE LQXWHSULQH[DPHQRUJDQROSHWLFSUHFXPLSULQDQDOL]HFHVHSRW
LL VH UHFROWHD] SUREH PHGLL GLQ ORWXO GH PDWHULH SULP VXSXV
UHFHS LHL &RQ LQXWXO ILHF UXL PLMORF GH WUDQVSRUW DXWRFDPLRQ VDX YDJRQ VH FRQVLGHU XQ ORW
0 ULPHDXQXLORWQXWUHEXLHV GHS HDVF WRQH/DUHFROWDUHDSUREHORUPHGLLVHYRUvQO WXUD
DPEDODMHOHFXOHJXPHFHDXVXIHULWGHWHULRU ULvQWLPSXOWUDQVSRUWXOXLDFHVWHDFRQVWLWXLQGXQORW
separat.
Prelevarea probelor se face n conformitate cu prevederile SATS 7218- )UXFWH L
OHJXPHSURDVSHWH/XDUHDSUREHORU$VWIHOODSURGXVHOHWUDQVSRUWDWHvQO ]LVHLDXODvQWkPSODUH
GLQGLYHUVHORFXULDOHORWXOXLXQQXP UGHDPEDODMHFRQIRUPWDEHOXOXLQU
Tabelul nr.32
1XP UGHDPEDODMH
3kQ OD
din lot
100
1XP UGHDPEDODMHvQ
proba medie
101-300
301-500
501-1000
Peste 1000
10
15
/DSURGXVHOHvQYUDFVHLDXODvQWkPSODUHGLQFHOSX LQORFXULLVWUDWXULGLIHULWHFDQWLW
kg
3kQ OD
201-500
501-1000
10
20
30
0 ULPHDSUREHL
medii n kg
L
Tabelul nr.33
Peste
1001-5000
5000
60
100
e proba de laborator, de
1.3. Transport
$SURYL]LRQDUHDFXOHJXPHVHIDFHvQJHQHUDOGHSHRUD] FkWPDLDSURSLDW GHXQLWDWHDGH
SUHOXFUDUHSHQWUXDUHGXFHWLPSXOGHWUDQVSRUWGHODFHQWUHOHGHUHFROWDUHODVHF LL
le de prelucrare
LQGXVWULDO
7UDQVSRUWXO VH IDFH FX PLMORDFH GH WUDQVSRUW DFRSHULWH SHQWUX D SURWHMD PDWHULD SULP GH
LQIOXHQ DLQWHPSHULLORU
3H SDUFXUVXO WUDQVSRUWXOXL OHJXPHOH WUHEXLH IHULWH GH RFXUL L Y W P UL PHFDQLFH 'H
aceea, ambalajele recomandate pentru transport sunt adecvate speciei, folosindu-se diferite tipuri
GHO ]LFRQWDLQHUHEHQHFLVWHUQHHWF
Q FD]XO O ]LORU VDX FRQWDLQHUHORU QLYHOXO OHJXPHORU WUHEXLH V ILH FX
vQ O LPHDDPEDODMXOXLSHQWUXDHYLWDSURYRFDUHDGHY W P ULPHFDQLFHLWHUFLXLUHSULQVWULYLUH
$PEDODMHOH WUHEXLH V DVLJXUH DHULVLUHD SURGXVHORU DPEDODWH V ILH vQ VWDUH IXQF LRQDO
FXUDWHI U PLURVVWU LQLV QXPRGLILFHFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHGHFDOLWDWHDOHSURGXVXOXLDPEDODW
(VWH REOLJDWRULH VS ODUHD L GH]LQIHF LD W YLORU EHQHORU L FLVWHUQHORU GXS ILHFDUH
WUDQVSRUWFXPD] UHGHODVWD LDGHEDWR]DUHODIDEULF
6S ODUHD VH HIHFWXHD] vQ VSD LL DPHQDMDWH VSHFLDOH FX DS FDOG FX DGDRV GH VRG
FDOFLQDW XUPDW GH FO WLUH FX DS UHFH GLQ DEXQGHQ
VS ODUHD L GH]LQIHF LD EHQHORU L FLVWHUQHORU GH WUDQVSRUW D WRPDWHORU 'H]LQIHF LD VH H[HFXW FX
DS FORULQDW
6S ODUHD FRQWDLQHUHORU VH HIHFWXHD] RUL GH FkWH RUL VH LPSXQH
n cazul n care
FRQWDLQHUHOH VH vQFDUF FX UHVWXUL GH OHJXPH VDX S PkQW VS ODUHD HVWH REOLJDWRULH GXS ILHFDUH
WUDQVSRUW'XS VS ODUHFRQWDLQHUHOHVHUHLQWURGXFvQFLUFXLWXOGHWUDQVSRUWQXPDLGXS XVFDUH
8QHOHVSHFLLSRWILWUDQVSRUWDWHLvQYUDFvQPDLQLVDXUHPRUFLEDVFXODQWH
Q
DFHVW
PRG
SRW
IL
WUDQVSRUWDWH
WRPDWHOH
IDVROHD
S VW L
DUGHLRDVHOH
YLQHWHOH
U G FLQRDVHOHHWF
'HSR]LWDUHDWHPSRUDU
6WRFDUHD OHJXPHORU SkQ OD LQWURGXFHUHD vQ SURFHVXO GH LQGXVWULDOL]DUH WUHEXLH OLPLWDW
GDF HVWH SRVLELOFKLDU VXSULPDW DVWIHO vQFkW SH GXUDWD S VWU ULL V QX VH SURGXF PRGLILF UL DOH
caracteristicilor specifice.
'HSR]LWDUHDWHPSRUDU VHUHDOL]HD] vQPDJD]LLRSURDQHSODWIRUPHDFRSHULWHED]LQHFX
DS VLOR]XUL GHSR]LWH VLPSOH VDX IULJRULILFH FXUDWH FkW PDL SX LQ VXSXVH DF LXQLL GLUHFWH D
UDGLD LLORU VRODUH L SORLORU FX SRVLELOLW
avnd ca rezultDW VF
GHUHD JUHXW
OHJXPHORU XQ DVSHFW QHFRUHVSXQ] WRU FX LPSOLFD LL QHJDWLYH DVXSUD FDOLW
consumurilor specifice.
QWDEHOXOQUVHSUH]LQW SLHUGHULOHvQJUHXWDWH
vQGHSR]LWHVLPSOHLSHSODWIRUPHDFRSHULWHVXEFRSHUWLQH
3ULQFLSDOHOH WUDQVIRUP UL ELRFKLPLFH DOH OHJXPHORU vQ SHULRDGD GH GHSR]LWDUH VXQW
XUP WRDUHOH
vQPXLHUHD HVXWXULORU YHJHWDOH FD XUPDUH D KLGUROL]HL HQ]LPDWLFH VDX VXEVWDQ HORU
pectice insolubile;
WUDQVIRUPDUHD]DK UXOXLvQDPLGRQH[PD] UH
SURFHVXOGHUHVSLUD LH
ul de oxidare.
1
2
Denumirea legumei
Ardei
Bame
Durata de depozitare
12 ore
24 ore
1,0
1,0
1,5
1,5
Peste
ore
2,5
2,5
24 2 zile
4 zile
Peste
zile
&DVWUDYH L
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
&HDS
&RQRSLG
Dovlecei
)DVROHS VW L
5 G FLQRDVH
0D] UHS VW L
Tomate
Vinete
9HUGH XUL
Spanac
9DU]
Usturoi
1,0
0,5
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
0,5
1,0
1,0
0,5
-
1,5
1,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,0
1,5
1,5
1,0
-
2,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
-
1,0
1,5
2,0
1,0
1,5
2,0
1,0
1,5
2,0
LL
calitatea igienico-VDQLWDU
DVSD LLORULDPEDODMHORU
3 VWUDUHD vQ VWDUH SURDVS W SH SHULRDGH PDL PDUL D OHJXPHORU vQ YHGHUHD SUHOXFU ULL
2. MATERIALE AUXILIARE
&RQGL LLGHFDOLWDWH
0DWHULDOHOH DX[LOLDUH IRORVLWH OD IDEULFDUHD FRQVHUYHORU GH OHJXPH WUHEXLH V FRUHVSXQG
LLLYDORULLQXWULWLYHDFRQVHUYHORU
3ULQFLSDOHOH PDWHULDOH DX[LOLDUH XWLOL]DWH OD IDEULFDUHD FRQVHUYHORU GH OHJXPH VXQW DS
VDUHXOHLDFL]LRUJDQLFLDOLPHQWDUL]DK URUH]I LQ SDVWHI LQRDVHFRQGLPHQWHHWF
Apa UHSUH]LQW
XQXO GLQIDFWRULL HVHQ LDOL vQ GHVI XUDUHD SURFHVHORU GH SURGXF LH vQIDEULFLOH
GH FRQVHUYH $SD XWLOL]DW vQ VFRSXUL WHKQRORJLFH VS ODUH RS ULUHD VWHULOL]DUH VDX SHQWUX
SUHSDUDUHD OLFKLGHORU GH XPSOHUH D DPHVWHFXULORU FH LQWU vQ FRPSRQHQ D SURGXVHORU
WUHEXLH V FRUHVSXQG FRQGL LLORU WHKQLFH GH FDOLWDWH LPSXVH GH 67$6 $S
SRWDELO 6XSOLPHQWDU DSD WUHEXLH V vQGHSOLQHDVF XQHOH FRQGL LL OHJDWH GH ID]HOH
WHKQRORJLFHLGHFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHPDWHULHLSULPH
'XULWDWHD DSHL LQIOXHQ HD] GLUHFW FDOLWDWHD FRQVHUYHORU 6H UHFRPDQG XWLOL]DUHD DSHL FX
GXULWDWHD FXSULQV vQWUH
utilizareaDSHLFXGXULWDWHDPDLULGLFDW
de calciu.
Sare
PDJQH]LX FDOFLX L SRWDVLX VXE IRUP GH VXOID L VDX FORUXUL 3UH]HQ D vQ VDUH D XQHL FDQWLW
FORUXU LVXOIDWGHPDJQH]LXSHVWHvLP UHWHKLJURVFRSLFLWDWHDLvLFRQIHU JXVWDPDU
L GH
Ulei
/DIDEULFDUHDFRQVHUYHORUGHOHJXPHJ WLWHVHIRORVHWHXOHLUDILQDWGHIORDUHDVRDUHOXLL
soia.
Acizi alimentari citric, tartric, acetic, lactic, ascorbic- se folosesc la fabricarea conservelor
de legume n diverse scopuri.
2 HWXODOLPHQWDU
2 HWXOLDFLGXODFHWLFVHIRORVHVFODSUHSDUDUHDVROX LHLGHDFRSHULUHSHQWUXFRQVHUYHOHGH
sterilizare.
2 HWXOVHXWLOL]HD] LSHQWUXFRQVHUYDUHDXQRUOHJXPH
Condimentele VXQW IRORVLWH vQ LQGXVWULD FRQVHUYHORU SHQWUX D FRQIHUL SURGXVHORU XQ JXVW L
PLURVSO FXWVWLPXOkQGDSHWLWXO
i,
=DK
ODVRVXULSUHFXPLFDDGDRVODXQHOHSURGXVHGHVWLQDWHH[SRUWXOXL
SULQFRQ LQXWXOULGLFDWGHDPLGRQ
23(5$
LJXVWDWLYHGHRVHELWH
,,7(+12/2*,&(*(1(5$/(
1. sortare I
2. VS ODUH
3. sortare II
4. FXU LUH
5. divizare
6. WUDWDPHQWHWHUPLFHSUHOLPLQDUHRS ULUHSU MLUH
7. SUHSDUDUHDOLFKLGHORUGHDFRSHULUHVDUDPXU EXOLRQVRVWRPDWVROX LHGHR HW
8. VS ODUHDUHFLSLHQWHORU
9. umplere
10. marcare
11. nchidere
12. sterilizare
13. FRQGL LRQDUHDUHcipientelor pline
14. depozitare
1. Sortare I
6RUWDUHDvQDFHDVW ID] DUHVFRSXOGHDvQGHS UWDOHJXPHOHQHFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHDWDFDWHGH
EROL DOWHUDWH PXFHJ LWH L D HYHQWXDOHORU FRUSXUL VWU LQH Q DFHVW PRG VH HYLW vQF UFDUHD
H[FHVLY FXFRUSXULVWU LQHDSHLGHVS ODUHLQIHFWDUHDDSHLGHVS ODUHDOHJXPHORUV Q WRDVHLD
utilajelor.
6S
ODUHD
L
0DLQD GH VS ODW FX GXXUL HVWH LQGLFDW SHQWUX PDWHULL SULPH FX WH[WXU VODE FDUH QX
QHFHVLW R VS ODUH LQWHQV $FHVW WLS GH PDLQ SRDWH IL XWLOL]DW L OD FO WLUHD OHJXPHORU VS ODWH
3UHVLXQHDDSHLODGXXULVHUHFRPDQG DILGH
-1,5 atm.
3HQWUX VS ODUHD OHJXPHORU FX WH[WXU VHPLWDUH L WDUH VH IRORVHVF PDLQLOH GH VS ODW FX
YHQWLODWRU FDUH SULQ EDUERWDUHD DSHL DVLJXU vQGHS UWDUHD LPSXULW
FROHFWDWH vQ ED]LQXO SUHY ]XW FX IXQG GXEOX FX VLW QGHS UWDUHD FRQWLQX D LPSXULW
LORU GLQ
LOH
UH]XOWDWHGLQVS O ULOHDQWHULRDUH
/HJXPHOH U G FLQRDVH FDUH DX WH[WXUD WDUH L VXQW IRDUWH vQF UFDWH FX S PkQW L QLVLS VH
VSDO vQPDLQLFXWDPEXULSHULLSULQFDUHVS ODUHDHVWHPDLHILFLHQW SUL
0DLQDGHVS ODWSULQIORWD LHVHSDU LPSXULW
ID
n frecare.
L VS ODUHD VH IDFH vQ PDL PXOWH HWDSH SULQ PRQWDUHD vQ VHULH D
3. Sortare II
'XS VS ODUH PDWHULD SULP VH VXSXQH LQVSHF LHL YL]XDOH SHQWUX vQGHS UWDUHD OHJXPHORU
necRUHVSXQ]
WRDUH L D HYHQWXDOHORU FRUSXUL VWU LQH 2SHUD LD VH H[HFXW SH EHQ]L WUDQVSRUWRDUH
VDXFXUROH9LWH]DRSWLP DEHQ]LORUGHVRUWDUHHVWHGHPVHFXQG
&RQFRPLWHQW FX VRUWDUHD VH H[HFXW VHSDUDUHD SH FDOLW
L L FDOLEUDUHD OHJXPHORU Q
&XU
&XU
LUH
DOH OHJXPHORU 2SHUD LD VH UHDOL]HD] PDQXDO PHFDQLF WHUPLF FKLPLF VDX SULQ SURFHGHH
combinate.
&XU
LUHDPDQXDO
R GXUDW SUHOXQJLW FUHkQG FRQGL LL GH GH]YROWDUH D PLFURIORUHL SH SURGXVH L
XVWHQVLOH1HFHVLWkQGXQYROXPVSRULWGHIRU
&XU
LUHD PHFDQLF
se realizHD]
XUP ULW L FDUDFWHULVWLFLORU OHJXPHORU VXSXVH SUHOXFU ULL 0DLQLOH XWLOL]DWH SHQWUX
FXU
LUHD GH FRDM DOHJXPHORU DF LRQHD] SH SULQFLSLXO U ]XLULL VXSUDIH HLL VHDSOLF
vQ SULQFLSDO OD U G FLQRDVH 3ULQ U ]XLUH RGDW FX FRDMD VH vQO WXU L R SDUWH GLQ
LUHD U G FLQRDVHORU V
-au
RE LQXWUH]XOWDWHFDOLWDWLYHPDLEXQHODPDLQLOHFXVXOXULDEUD]LYHFRPSDUDWLYFXFHOH
FHDXVXSUDIH HDEUD]LYH
$OWH WLSXUL GH PDLQL GH FXU
&XU
'HFRMLUHD WHUPLF D XQRU OHJXPH VH SRDWH UHDOL]D vQ SULQFLSDO SULQ RS ULUH vQ DS VDX
WUDWDPHQWFXDEXUVXSUDvQF O]LW
6XE DF LXQHD WHPSHUDWXULORU ULGLFDWH SURWRSHFWLQD FDUH GHWHUPLQ DGHUHQ D HSLGHUPHL
lHJXPHORU
VH WUDQVIRUP vQ SHFWLQ VROXELO DHUXO GLQ VSD LLOH LQWUDFHOXODUH HVWH HOLPLQDW
SLHUGHULGHVXEVWDQ HXWLOHFHVXQWVROXELOL]DWHvQDS
'HFRMLUHD FX DEXU VXSUDvQF
DF LXQHDDEXUXOXLODSUHVLXQHDGH
-8,5 atXUPDW
FHHD FH GHWHUPLQ GHVSULQGHUHD L UXSHUHD SLHOL HL QGHS UWDUHD FRMLORU VH IDFH SULQ VS ODUH VXE
GXXUL
'HFRMLUHD FKLPLF
sodiu
DVXSUD
D OHJXPHORU VH ED]HD] SH HIHFWXO OD FDOGDO VROX LLORU GH KLGUR[LG GH
(ILFDFLWDWHD
GHFRMLULL FX VROX LH DOFDOLQ GHSLQGH GH XUP WRULL IDFWRUL FRQFHQWUD LD L WHPSHUDWXUD VROX LHL
GXUDWD WUDWDPHQWXOXL L IHOXO PDWHULHL SULPH &RQFHQWUD LD VROX LHL DOFDOLQH YDULD] vQWUH
-10 %,
WHPSHUDWXUD WUHEXLH V ILH GH PLQLP & LDU GXUDWD WUDWDPHQWXOXL VFDGH SULQ FUHWHUHD
FRQFHQWUD LHLVROX LHLFRQIRUPWDEHOXOXLQU
&RQFHQWUD LDVROX LHLWUHEXLHV VHPHQ LQ FRQVWDQW vQWLPSXOGHFRMLULLLVHYHULILF GXS
ILHFDUHDUM
Tomate
Ardei kapia
Morcovi
HOLQ
3 WUXQMHOS VWkUQDF
&RQFHQWUD LD
7HPSHUDWXUDVROX LHL
VROX LHLGH
n 0C
NaOH n %
3
5
8
10
8
95-98
95-98
95-98
95-98
95-98
Tabelul nr. 35
Durata tratamentului
minute
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-3
1-3
'XS WHUPLQDUHD WUDWDPHQWXOXL FKLPLF OHJXPHOH VH VSDO FX DS GLQ DEXQGHQ
SHQWUX
vQGHS UWDUHD VRGHL L D UHVWXULORU GH SLHOL H 3HQWUX D VH UHDOL]D vQGHS UWDUHD vQ WRWDOLWDWH D
SLHOL HORU VH UHFRPDQG FD VS ODUHD V VH H[HFXWH vQ PDLQL FX WDPEXU URWDWLY 1HXWUDOL]DUHD
H[FHVXOXL GH DOFDOLL VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ LPHUVLD OHJXPHORU WLPS GH PLQXWH vQ VROX LH GH
DFLG FLWULF VDX VHFXQGH vQ VROX LH GH DFLG FORUKLGULF 9HULILFDUHD QHXWUDOL] ULL VH
fac cu
5H]XOWDWHOHIRDUWHEXQHODGHFRMLUHDSURGXVHORUYHJHWDOHVHRE LQSULQWUDWDPHQWFRPELQDW
FKLPLFLFXYDSRULVXSUDvQF O]L L3URFHGHXOSUH]LQW DYDQWDMXOF VHUHGXFHFRQVXPXOGH1
aOH.
5. Divizare
'LYL]DUHD OHJXPHORU LQIOXHQ HD] EXQD GHVI XUDUH D RSHUD LLORU WHKQRORJLFH XUP WRDUH
RS ULUHSU MLUHLDVLJXU RE LQHUHDDVSHFWXOXLFRUHVSXQ] WRUDOSURGXVHORUILQLWH
7UDWDPHQWHOH WHUPLFH SUHOLPLQDUH DSOLFDWH OHJXPHORU VXQW LQIOXHQ DWH GH JUDGXO GH
P UXQ LUH
2SHUD LD VH H[HFXW PHFDQLF FX PDLQL DGHFYDWH SHQWUX GLPHQVLXQLOH L IRUPHOH
LGHFLUFDFPFXSRVLELOLW
LGHUHJODUHSHQWUXGLPHQVLXQLGH
-3,5 cm.
L
FkW PDL XQLIRUPH FXEXUL SO FX H IkLL HVWH ELQH FD vQDLQWH GH GLYL]DUH V VH DSOLFH R VFXUW
RS ULUH PLQXWH SHQWUX D UHDOL]D R XRDU vQPXLHUHD HVXWXULORU FHHD FH IDYRUL]HD] W
ierea
FRUHFW
0 UXQ LUHD OHJXPHORU VXE IRUP GH SDVW VH IDFH GXS RS ULUH VDX ILHUEHUH OD PRUL
2S
ULUH
(980&WLPSGHPLQXWH'XUDWDGHRS
factori principali:
specia legumelor;
gradul de maturitate;
P ULPHDEXF
la temperatura de fierbere
UXLDLQWU OHJXPHOHUHVSHFWLYH
5HJLPXO GH RS ULUH ILLQG GLIHULW vQ IXQF LH GH VRUWLPHQW YD IL SUH]HQWDW vQ FDGUXO
VWUDUHD FDOLW
- gust,
DURP FXORDUH
iilor
PLFRUDUHD
YROXPXOXL
OHJXPHORU
SULQ
FRQWUDFWDUH
FD
XUPDUH
D
KLGUROL]HL
SURWRSHFWLQHL L D GL]ROY ULL SDU LDOH D KHPLFHOXOR]HL GLQ SHUH LL FHOXODUL FH D FH
SHUPLWHRPDLEXQ DH]DUHDOHJXPHORUvQUHFLSL
ente;
vQGHS UWDUHD JXVWXOXL L PLURVXOXL QHGRULW DO XQRU OHJXPH FUXGH H[ VSDQDF JXOLL
YDU] HWF
VS ODUHD
SR]LWLYH
SHQWUX
FHHDFHVSRUHWHHILFDFLWDWHDSURFHVXOXLGHVWHULOL]DUH
vQGHS UWDUHD
SHVWLFLGHORU
L
SHQWUXFUHPHLSLXUHXUL
'HVI XUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GH RS ULUH WUHEXLH FRQGXV FX IRDUWH PDUH DWHQ LH SHQWUX
UHVSHFWDUHDvQWRFPDLDUHJLPXOXLRSWLPODRS ULUH
'HS LUHD WLPSXOXL GH RS ULUH DWUDJH GXS VLQH SLHUGHUL LPSRUWDQWH GH VXEVWDQ H
KLGURVROXELOH ]DKDUXUL V UXUL PLQHUDOH YLWDPLQH HWF $VWIHO VH UHPDUF SLHUGHUL GH VXEVWDQ
XVFDW GH OD VSDQDF OD YDU] OD IDVROH S VW L OD FRQRSLG 3LHUGHULOH GH
SURWHLQHVXQW UHGXVH LDQXPH GH OD PD] UHIDVROH S VW L VSDQDF3LHUGHUL vQVHPQDWH VH
B1) 1035%.
YLWH] DYkQG SRVLELOLWDWHD GH UHJODUH D GXUDWHL SURFHVXOXL GH RS ULUH 3HQWUX FRQWUROXO L
PHQ LQHUHD WHPSHUDWXULL DSHL XWLODMXO HVWH SUHY ]XW FX DSDUDWXU GH P VXU L FRQWURO D
WHPSHUDWXULLLGHUHJODUHDXWRPDW DDGPLVLHLDEXUXOXL
3HQWUX D VH PHQ LQH vQ FRQGL LLOH LJLHQLFH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH RS ULWRUXO VH VSDO ]LOQLF FX
VROX LH GH GHWHUJHQW SULQ ILHUEHUH XUPDW GH FO WLUH L GH]LQIHF LH FX DS FORUXUDW
-100
E5
FLUHD
leguPHORUGXS
300& vQ U
atura de
FLWRDUH FRQWLQXH FXSODWH FX RS ULWRDUH UHVSHFWLYH 3HQWUX PDMRULWDWHD VSHFLLORU GH
OHJXPH VH IRORVHVF U FLWRDUH FX WDPEXU SHQWUX PD] UH L IDVROH ERDEH VS O WRUXO U FLWRU FX
IORWD LHLDUvQXQHOHFD]XULSHQWUXU FLUHVHXWLOL]HD] MJKHDEXULFXDS FXUHQW
F3U
MLUH
VXSHUILFLDO VH HFKLOLEUHD] FX GLIX]LD DSHL GLQ LQWHULRU VSUH H[WHULRU L SURGXVXO U PkQH PRDOH
I U FUXVW VXSHUILFLDO /D WHPSHUDWXUL SUHD ULGLFDWH HYDSRUDUHD VXSHUILFLDO HVWH PXOW PDL
LQWHQV GHFkWGLIX]LDDSHLVSUHH[WHULRULSURGXVXODUGHODVXSUDID
LDUVWUDWXULOHLQWHULRDUHU PkQ
crude.
0
temperaturi de 150..160
C.
'XUDWD GH SU MLUH HVWH FXSULQV vQWUH PLQXWH vQ IXQF LH GH XUP WRULL IDFWRUL IHOXO L
GLPHQVLXQHD OHJXPHORU FDQWLWDWHD GH DS VXSXV HYDSRU ULL UHVSHFWLY P ULPHD XQHL DUMH
temperatura uleiului.
7HPSHUDWXUD L GXUDWD GH SU MLUH VH VWDELOHVF L vQ IXQF LH GH FRQ LQXWXO GH ]DKDUXUL D
PDWHULHLSULPH/HJXPHOHFXFRQ LQXWPDLULGLFDWvQ]DKDUXULVHSU MHVFODWHPSHUDWXULPDLMRDVH
FXGXUDW GHWLPSPDLUHGXV SHQWUXDHYLWDFDUDPHOL]DU
ea.
L PDL PDUL GH OHJXPH vQ EDLD GH XOHL WHPSHUDWXUD VFDGH
EUXVF L DUH ORF vPELEDUHD H[FHVLY D OHJXPHORU FX XOHL $FHVW QHDMXQV HVWH vQO WXUDW vQ FD]XO
SU MLULLvQLQVWDOD LLFXIXQF LRQDUHFRQWLQX vQFDUHWHPSHUDWXUDVHPHQ LQHFRQVWDQW
FRQWDFWXOFXDHUXOLFXVLWHOH
DF LXQHDYDSRULORUFDUHVHGHJDMHD] GLQSURGXV
MLWH
SUH]HQ DvQXOHLSDUWLFXOHORUDUVHGHSURGXV
&D
XUPDUH
D
DFHVWRU
WUDQVIRUP UL
VH
PRGLILF
SURSULHW
LOH
IL]LFR FKLPLFH
L
RUJDQROHSWLFHLYDORDUHDQXWULWLY DXOHLXOXL8QHRULSRWDSDUHFKLDULXQHOHHIHFWHQRFLYH
SUHFXPLDFDUERQL] ULLSURGXVHORUYHJHWDOH
FDUHSURYRDF LULWDUHDPXFRDVHORU
vQ PLFRUDUHD FRQ LQXWXOXL GH YLWDPLQH L DFL]L
JUDLQHVDWXUD L
3HQWUX D HYLWD HIHFWHOH QHJDWLYH DOH XOHLXOXL GHJUDGDW vQ WLPSXO SU MLULL VH LPSXQH
FRQWUROXO FKLPLF L RUJDQROHSWLF OD LQWHUYDOXO GH RUH &RQWUROXO FKLPLF VH HIHFWXHD] SULQ
YHULILFDUHDDFLGLW
3HULRGLF XOHLXO GLQ SU MLWRDUH VH vQORFXLHWH 6WDELOLUHD PRPHQWXOXL GH vQORFXLUH WRWDO D
XOHLXOXLGLQLQVWDOD LDGHSU MLUHVHIDFHSULQFDOFXOFRHILFLHQWXOXLGHvQORFXLUH.FDUHUHSUH]LQW
UDSRUWXOGLQWUHFRQVXPXO]LOQLFGHXOHL&=LFDSDFLWDWHDE LL&$FHVWFRHILFLHQWQXWUHEXLHV
GH S HDVF YDORDUHD GH 1X VH UHFRPDQG vQORFXLUHD SDU LDO D XOHLXOXL GHRDUHFH SURGXVHOH
3U MLUHD OHJXPHORU VH HIHFWXHD] vQ LQVWDOD LL FX IXQF LRQDUH FRQWLQX WLS&KLSV FDUHDX
SRVLELOLW
L GH UHJODUH D WHPSHUDWXULL XOHLXOXL L D YLWH]HL GH WUDQVSRUW D FRXULORU vQ EDLD GH XOHL
deci a duUDWHLGHSU
MLUH&ROHFWDUHDSDUWLFXOHORUDUVHVHIDFHSULQILOWUDUH
G /HJXPHOH SU MLWH VH U FHVF vQ DHU OLEHU SULQ PHQ LQHUHD ORU vQ W YL SHUIRUDWH SHQWUX
favoriznd aFULUHD
LL L FRQVHUYDELOLW
VF GHUHD WHPSHUDWXULL SURGXVXOXL VH vQJUHXQHD] WHUPRSHQHWUD LD L VH UHGXFH YLGXO GLQ
recipiente.
QFKLGHUHD FXWLLORU VH IDFH OD PDLQL VHPLDXWRPDWH L DXWRPDWH QFKLGHUHD VH UHDOL]HD]
SULQ DF LXQHD GH SUHVDUH D UROHORU DVXSUD PDUJLQLL FDSDFXOXL L ERUGXULL FXWLHL &RQWUROXO
vQFKLGHULL VH IDFH SULQ YHULILFDUHD vPELQ ULL UHDOH D IDO XOXL FXWLLORU GXS ILHFDUH UHJODUH L vQ
WLPSXOIXQF LRQ ULLODLQWHUYDOGHPLQXWH
ERUFDQXOXL L VWUkQJHUHD S U LL UXODWH D FDSDFXOXL SH SDUWHD GH MRV D SURILOXOXL IXULL (WDQHL]DUHD
VHUHDOL]HD] vQWLPSXORSHUD LHLGHVWHULOL]DUH U FLUH
Calitatea nchiderLLERUFDQHORUVHYHULILF
SULQH[DPLQDUHDPRGXOXLGHIL[DUHDFDSDFXOXL
8Q FDSDF ELQH IL[DW QX WUHEXLH V VH URWHDVF 'XS HIHFWXDUHD WUDWDPHQWXOXL WHUPLF VH
H[DPLQHD] VXSUDID DPHVHLGHHWDQDUHLPRGXOGHLPSULPDUHSHJXUDERUFDQXOXL
nchiderea cRUHFW
de presare a capacului.
6WHULOL]DUHDWHUPLF
6WHULOL]DUHD FRQVWLWXLH ID]D FHD PDL LPSRUWDQW D SURFHVXOXL WHKQRORJLF GH IDEULFDUH D
VWDELOLWDWHD vQ WLPS 3ULQ VWHULOL]DUH VXQW GLVWUXVH IRUPHOH YHJHWDWLYH DOH PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU L
SDU LDOVSRULLDFHVWRUD
([LVW vQV IRUPHVSRUXODWHDOHXQRUPLFURRUJDQLVPHUH]LVWHQWHODDF LXQHDWHPSHUDWXULORU
vQDOWHSHQWUXGLVWUXJHUHDF URUDVXQQHFHVDUHWUDWDPHQWHWHUPLFHIRDUWH GXUHLFDUHLQIOXHQ HD]
QHIDYRUDELODVXSUDFDOLW
LLLYDORULLQXWULWLYHDSURGXVHORUVXSXVHVWHULOL] ULL
fluxul tehnologic.
6WHULOL]DUHDWHUPLF WUHEXLHV DVLJXUHFRQVHUYDELOLWDWHDSURGXVHORUPHQ LQHUHDFDOLW
LLL
valorii nutritive.
6WDELOLUHD FRUHFW D UHJLPXOXL GH VWHULOL]DUH SHQWUX ILHFDUH SURGXV L DSOLFDUHD vQWRFPDL D
DFHVWRUDVXQWHOHPHQWHKRW UkWR
OD UHJLPXO GH VWHULOL]DUH GXUDW WHPSHUDWXU SUHVLXQH SRW DYHD XUP UL JUDYH DVXSUD
FRQVHUYDELOLW
LLLFDOLW
LLSURGXVHORU
6WDELOLUHD UHJLPXULORU GH VWHULOL]DUH VH FDOFXOHD] vQIXQF LH GH YLWH]D GH WHUPRSHQHWUD LH
LGHUH]LVWHQ
ODWHPSHUDWXULULGLFDWHDPLFURRUJDQLVPHORU
GLPHQVLXQLOHUHFLSLHQWXOXLLPDWHULDOXOXLGLQFDUHHVWHFRQIHF LRQDW
3HQWUX D vQOHVQL WHUPRSHQHWUD LD vQ SURFHVXO GH SURGXF LH VH SRDWH LQWHUYHQL
n faza de
XPSOHUH SULQ VWDELOLUHD SURSRU LHL FRUHFWH vQWUH FRPSRQHQWHOH VROLGH L OLFKLGH SULQ DH]DUHD
OHJXPHORU vQ SR]L LH YHUWLFDO FDVWUDYH L GRYOHFHL DUGHL GH XPSOXW HWF SHQWUX D VH IDFLOLWD
FXUHQ LL GH FRQYHF LH L SULQ GR]DUHD SURGXVHORU OD W
GR]DUH D OLFKLGHORU L SURGXVHORU S VWRDVH V ILH GH PLQLP & &HLODO L IDFWRUL QX VXQW
LQIOXHQ D LGHGHVI XUDUHDSURFHVXOXLWHKQRORJLF
7HUPRUH]LVWHQ DPLFURRUJDQLVPHORUGHSLQGHGH
WHPSHUDWXUDLGXUDWD
pH-ul produsului;
SUH]HQ DDHUXOXL
de sterilizare;
(ILFLHQ D SURFHVXOXL GH VWHULOL]DUH FUHWH SULQ IRORVLUHD GH PDWHULL SULPH SURDVSHWH L
V Q WRDVH VS ODUHD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUHD D OHJXPHORU L DPEDODMHORU HOLPLQDUHD VWDJQ ULORU vQ
SURFHVXO GH SURGXF LH HOHPHQWH FDUH FRQWULEXLH OD UHGXFHUHD JUDGXOXL GH LQIHFWDUH D SURGXVHORU
nainte de sterilizare.
3HQWUX SURGXVH FX DFLGLWDWH ULGLFDW WUDWDPHQWXO WHUPLF VH HIHFWXHD] OD WHPSHUDWXU
a de
1000 (pasteurizare).
6WHULOL]DUHDFRQVHUYHORUVHUHDOL]HD] vQVLVWHPGLVFRQWLQXXDXWRFODYHLVLVWHPFRQWLQXX
litru.
6WHULOL]DUHDvQDXWRFODYHYHUWLFDOHVHUHDOL]HD] ODWHPSHUDWXULPDLPDULGH
C, la care
FRUHVSXQG SUHVLXQL GH SHVWH DWPRVIHU FDUH VH GH]YROW vQ LQWHULRUXO UHFLSLHQWHORU $FHDVW
SUHVLXQH LQWHULRDU HVWH HFKLOLEUDW SULQ FRQWUDSUHVLXQHD FDUH VH DSOLF SULQ LQWURGXFHUHD GH DHU
comprimat n autoclave.
Ridicarea temperatXULL L U
UHJLPXO GH VWHULOL]DUH 6H YD DFRUGD R DWHQ LH GHRVHELW FRQWUDSUHVLXQLL GH DHU FDUH VH LQWURGXFH
SURJUHVLY /D ERUFDQH FRQWUDSUHVLXQHD VH DSOLF GXS HOLPLQDUHD DHUXOXL GLQ UHFLSLHQ
te, cnd
temperatura ape din autoclav ajunge la 1150C. La cutii contrapresiunea este de 1,6-2 at., iar la
borcane de 1,5-1,8 at. n cazul borcanelor, contrapresiunea sub 1,3 at. poate determina evacuarea
SURGXVXOXL GLQ UHFLSLHQW L DUXQFDUHD FDSDFHORU LDU la cea peste 1,8 at are loc deformarea
FDSDFHORUVSUHLQWHULRULGHWHULRUDUHDPDVHLGHHWDQDUHLSLHUGHUHDHWDQHLW
5 FLUHD
FRQVHUYHORU
VH
IDFH
SkQ
OD
WHPSHUDWXUD
GH
LL
C, pentru a se evita
LORU RUJDQROHSWLFH
Q DXWRFODYH U FLUHD VH HIHFWXHD] SULQ LQWURGXFHUHD WUHSWDW D DSHL GH U FLUH vQ WLPSXO
SUHVFULV SULQ IRUPXOD GH VWHULOL]DUH L PHQ LQHUHD SUHVLXQLL GLQ DXWRFODY FX DMXWRUXO DHUXOXL
comprimat.
&RQFRPLWHQWDSDvQF O]LW HVWHHYDFXDW SULQSUHDOSLQ
GHIRUP ULOH
LQWHULRUXO F URU DF LRQHD] WHPSHUDWXUL PDL PDUL GH & GXUDWD WUDWDPHQWXOXL ILLQG vQ UHOD LH
direct
VWHULOL]DUHWLS6WRUNL+XQLVWHU
7RDWH WLSXULOH GH VWHULOL]DWRDUH FX IXQF LRQDUH FRQWLQX VDX GLVFRQWLQX WUHEXLH V ILH
GRWDWHFXDSDUDWXU GHP VXU LFRQWURODYL]DWHGHRUJDQHOHvQSUH
&RQGL LRQDUHDUHFLSLHQWHORUSOLQH
'XS VWHULOL]DUH FRQVHUYHOH VH H[SXQ XQRU RSHUD LL WHKQRORJLFH FDUH OH DVLJXU DVSHFWXO
FRPHUFLDOLDQXPH
VS ODUHDLXVFDUHDUHFLSLHQWHORU
livrare.
$PEDODUHD
FRQVHUYHORU
VH
IDFH
vQ
O ]L
GH
OHPQ
O ]L
GH
FDUWRQ
VDX
IROLH
WHUPRFRQWUDFWDELO
3DOHWL]DUHDFRQVHUYHORUvQYHGHUHDOLYU ULLVHHIHFWXHD] L]RODWVDXSDFKHWL]DW6HIRORVHVF
7LSGHSDOHW LPRGGH
DH]DUH
BoA
BoB
C1/1
C1/2
STAS
6028/3-87
588
1071
672
1260
STAS
6028,3-87
608
1008
768
1280
455
990
564
1302
900
564
1120
NII 1027-76
270
462
315
644
252
468
322
426
3DOHW
ODG
PHWDOLF
DPEDODUH
L]RODW
DPEDODUHvQSDFKHWHGHEXF
3DOHW
ODG
SOLDQW
GH
L
X]
FRPHUFLDODPEDODUHL]RODW
1UGHUHFLSLHQWHSHSDOHW
Normatizare de
calitate
SATS 863585
STAS 963585
3DOHW
EXF
L
10. Depozitarea
'HSR]LWDUHD FRQVHUYHORU GH OHJXPH VWHULOL]DWH VH IDFH vQ VSD LL vQFKLVH PDJD]LL FXUDWH
XVFDWH ELQH DHULVLWH IHULWH GH vQJKH OD WHPSHUDWXULL GH PD[LP & L XPLGLWDWH UHODWLY D
exteriRUFRUHVSXQ]
WRU
999
175(%
5,3(1758$872(9$/8$5(
1.
2.
la conservarea legumelor?
3. CumH[SOLFD LGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHPLFURELRORJLFSURFHVXOWHKQRORJLFGHVWHULOL]DUH"