Occupational Health Standard

Manual

.. 2545

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

1.

2.







, (BEIs) ,














11000 occupah@hotmail.com


!
!
!
1.! ( 1 )
2.! ( 2 )
3.! ( 3 )
4.! ( 3 )
5.!
6.!
ACGIH (American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygiene )
!
!
-
-
-

I
II
1
1
5
7
11
15
28

34
51
51
56
59

-1
1

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Aldrin
Azinphos-methyl
Chlordane
DDT
DDVP
Dichlorvos
Dieldrin
Dimethy1,2-dibromo
2,2 dichloroethyl
phosphate(Dibrom)
Endrin
Guthion
Lead arsenate
Lindane
Malathion

1
(ppm)

(mg/M3)
0.25
0.2
0.5
1
1
1
0.25
3

0.1
0.2
0.15
0.5
15

-214.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38

Methoxychlor
Nicotine
Systox
Thallium (Soluble
compounds) as TI
Thiram
Toxaphene
Parathion
Phosdrin
Pyrethrum
Warfarin
Carbaryl (Sevin(R))
2,4-DEP , Falone
Paraquat
2, 4, 5 - T
Acetic Acid
Ammonia
Arsenic and Compounds
(as As)
Arsine
Biphenyl
Bisphenol A
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide

15
0.5
0.1
0.1

10
50
-

5
0.5
0.11
0.1
5
0.1
5
10
0.5
10
25
35
0.5

0.05
0.02
0.5
5,000
50
1
0.1
-

0.2
1
2.8
9,000
55
3
0.3
1

-339.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.

Cotton dust (raw))
Cyanide as CN
Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol)
Fluoride (as F)
Fluorine
Hydrogen cyanide
lron oxide fume
Methyl alcohol (Methanol)
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel, Metal and Soluble
Compounds, as Ni
Nitric acid
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitroglycerin
Sodium hydroxide
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfuric acid
Tetraethy lead (as Pb)
Tetramethyl lead (asPb)

1,000
0.1
10
200
0.001
2
25
5
0.2
5
-

0.1
1
1
5
1,900
2.5
0.2
11
10
260
0.007
0.5
1
5
30
9
2
2
13
1
0.075
0.07
2

0.1

-462.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.

Phenol
Phosgene (Carbonyl
chloride)
Phosphine
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow)
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus trichoride
Xylene (Xylol)
Zinc chloride fume
Zinc oxide fume

5
0.1

19
0.4

0.3
0.5
100
-

0.4
1
0.1
1
1
3
435
1
5

-5 2

1.
2.
3.
4.

Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)

Boron trifluoride
Butylamine
Tert Buty chromate (as
CrO3)
Chlorine trifluoride
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroform
(trichloromethane)
O-Dichlorobenzene
Dichloroethyl ether
1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane
Diglycidyl ether(DGE)
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethylene glycol dinitrate
and / or Nitroglycerin

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

(ppm)
(mg/M3)
10
45
1
3
5
15
0.1
1

0.1
0.4
3

50
50
15
10
0.5
10
0.2

240
300
90
60
2.8
26
1

-614.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Hydrogen chloride)
Iodine
Manganese
Methyl bromide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl styrene
Methylene bisphenyl
isocyantate (MDI)
Monomethyl hydrazine
Terphenyls
Toluene-2, 4-Diisocyanate
Vinyl chloride

5
0.1
20
10
100
0.02

7
1
5
80
20
480
0.2

0.2
1
0.02
1

0.35
9
0.14
2.8

-7 3

1.
2.

Benzene
Beryllium and
Beryllium compounds

10 ppm
2 g/M3

50 ppm
10
3
30
25 g/M

25 ppm
5 g/M3

-83.
4.
5.
6.

Cadmium fume
Cadmium dust
Carbondisulfide
Carbontetrachloride

1.0 mg/ M3
0.2 mg/ M3
20 ppm
10 ppm

100 ppm
200 ppm

7.
8.

Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride

20 ppm
50 ppm

50 ppm
200 ppm

9.

Fomaldehyde
Fluoride as dust

3 ppm
2.5 mg/M3

10 ppm

10.

30
5
4
5
5
3
30
-

3 mg/ M3
0.6 mg/ M3
30 ppm
25 ppm
30 ppm
100 ppm
5 ppm
-

-90.2 mg/M3

12.

Lead and its inorganic

compounds
Methyl chloride

100 ppm

300 ppm

200 ppm

13.

Methylene chloride

500 ppm

2,000 ppm

14.
15.

Organo (alkyl) mercury

Styrene

0.01 mg/M3
100 ppm

600 ppm

16.

Trichloroethylene

100 ppm

300 ppm

5
3
5
2
5
3
5
2

11.

1,000 ppm
0.04 mg/M3
200 ppm
200 ppm

- 10 17.

Tetrachloroethylene

100ppm

300 ppm

18.
19.
20.
21.

Toluene
Hydrogen sulfide
Mercury

200 ppm
-

500 ppm
50 ppm
-

5
3
10
10
-

200 ppm
300 ppm
20 ppm
0.05 mg/M3
0.1 mg/M3

- 11 4

Mppcf
mg/M3
1.
Silica Crystalline
10 mg/M3
250
-! Quartz
% SiO2+ 2
% SiO2+ 5
(Respirable dust)
-! Quartz (Total dust)

30 mg/M3
% SiO2+ 2

- 12 -

-! Cristobalite

2.

Amorphus

1
2

250
% SiO2+ 5

1
2

10 mg/M3
% SiO2+ 2

1
2

250
% SiO2+ 5

1
2

10 mg/M3
% SiO2+ 5

20

80 mg/M3
% SiO2

- 13 3

Silicates (
1% )
-! Asbestos
-! Tremolite
-! Talc (Asbestos form)
-! Talc (non-asbestos form)
-! Mica
-! Soapstone
-! Portland cement
-! Graphite

5*
5*
5*
20
20
20
50
15

2.4 mg/M3

- 14 -! Coal dust SiO2 5 %

-! Coal dust SiO2 5 %
4.

(Inert or Nuisance dust)

-!
(Respirable dust)
-! (Total dust)

10 mg/M3
% SiO2+ 2

15

15 mg/M3

50

15 mg/M3

- 15 5

(

2)

1. 4-AMINODIPHENYL
1 ..
2. BENZIDINE
1 ..
3. BENZIDINE SALTS
1 ..
4. DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE
1 ..
5. 2-NAPHYLAMINE
1 ..
6. BERYLLIUM (POWDERS,
10 ..
COMPOUNDS)]
7. (BIS (CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER)] 1 ..
8. 1,3-PROPANESULTONE
1 ..
9. (2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO- 1 ..
P-DIOXIN(TCDD)
10. ARSENIC PENTOXIDE, ARSENIC 500 ..
(v) ACIDS AND SALTS
11. ARSENIC TRIOXIDE, ARSENIC
100 ..
(III) ACIDS AND SALTS
12. ARSENIC HYDRIDE(ARSINE)
10 ..
13. DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE 1 ..
14. 4-(CHLOROFORMYL)
1 ..
MORPHOLINE

- 16 15. CARBONYL CHLORIDE

(PHOSGENE)
16. CHLORINE
17. HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
18. ARCYLONITRILE
19. HYDROGEN CYANIDE
20. CARBON DISULPHIDE
21. BROMINE
22. AMMONIA
23. ACETYLENE (ETHYNE)
24. HYDROGEN
25. ETHYLENE OXIDE
26. PROPYLENE OXIDE
27. 2-CYANOPROPAN-2-OL
(ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN)
28. 2-PROPENAL(ACROLEIN)
29. 2-PROPEN-1-OL (ALLYL
ALCOHOL)
30. ALLYLAMINE
31.! ANTIMONY HYDRIDE (STIBINE)
32. ETHYLENEIMINE
33. FORMALDEHYDE
(CONCENTRATION "90 %)

750 ..
25
50
200
20
200
500
500
50
50
50
50
200
200
200
200
100 ..
50
50

- 17 34. HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE

(PHOSPHINE)
35. BROMOMETHANE(METHYL
BROMIDE)
36. METHYL ISOCYANATE
37. NITROGEN OXIDES
38. SODIUM SELENITE
39. BIS (2-CHLOROETHYL)
SULPHIDE)
40. PHOSACETIM
41. TETRAETHYL LEAD
42. TETRAMETHYL LEAD
43.! PROMURIT(1-(3,4DICHLOROPHENYL)-3- TRIAZENE
THIOCARBOXAMIDE
44. CHLOFENVINPHOS
44.! CRIMIDINE
46. CHLOROMETHYL METHYL
ETHER
47.! DIMETHYL
PHOSPHORAMIDOCYANIDIC
ACID
48. CARBOPHENOTHION
49. DIALIFOS

100 ..
200
150 ..
50
100 ..
1 .
100
50
50
100

..

..

100 ..
100 ..
1 .
1

100 ..
100 ..

- 18 50.
51.
52.
53.

54.

55.
56.
57.
58.!

59.

60.
61.
62.
63.

CYANTHOATE
AMITON
OXYDISULFOTON
OO-DIETHYL SETHYLSULPHINYLMETHYL
PHOSPHOROTHIOATE
OO-DIETHYL SETHYLSULPHONYLMETHYL
PHOPHOROTHIOATE
DISULFOTON
DEMETON
PHORATE
OO-DIETHYL SETHYLTHIOMETHYL
PHOPHOROTHIOATE
OO-DIETHYL SISOPROPYLTHIOMETHYL
PHOPHOROTHIOATE
PYRAZOXON
PENSULFOTHION
PARAOXON(DIETHYL-4NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE)
PARATHION

100 ..
1 ..
100 ..
100 ..

100 ..

100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..

100 ..

100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..

- 19 64.
65.

66.
67.
68.
69.

70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.!

77.!

AZINPHOS-ETHYL
OO-DIETHYL SPROPYLTHIOMETHYL
PHOSPHORODITHIOATE
THIONAZIN
CARBOFURAN
PHOSPHAMIDON
TIRPATE 2,4-DIMETHYL-1,3DITHIOLANE-2CARBOXALDEHYDE OMETHYLCARBAMOYLOXIME
MEVINPHOS
PARATHION-METHYL
AZINPHOS-METHYL
CYCLOHEXIMIDE
DIPHACINONE
TETRAMETHYLENEDISULPHO
TETRAMINE
O-ethyl-o-p-nitrophenyl
Benzenethiono-phosphonate
(EPN )
4-FLUOROBUTYRIC ACID

100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..

100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
100 ..
1 ..
100 ..

1 ..

- 20 78.!
79.
80.
81.
82.!
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.!
91.!
92.!

4-FLUOROBUTYRIC ACID,SALTS 1 ..
1 ..
4-FLUOROBUTYRIC ACID
ESTERS
1 ..
4-FLUOROBUTYRIC ACID,
AMIDES
1 ..
4-FLUOROCROTONIC ACID
1 ..
4-FLUOROCROTONIC ACID,
SALTS
1 ..
4-FLUOROCROTONIC
ACID,ESTERS
1 ..
4-FLUOROCROTONIC ACID,
AMIDES)
1 ..
FLUOROACETIC ACID
1 ..
FLUOROACETIC ACID,SALTS
1 ..
FLUOROACETIC ACID, ESTERS
1 ..
FLUOROACETIC ACID, AMIDES
100 ..
FLUENTIL
1 ..
4-FLUORO-2HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID
1 ..
4-FLUORO-2HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID, SALTS)
4-FLUORO-2-HYDROXYBUTYRIC 1 ..
ACID,ESTERS

- 21 1 ..
93. 4-FLUORO-2-HYDROXYBUTYRIC
ACID, AMIDES
50
94. HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
100 ..
95. HYDROXYACETONITRILE
(GLYCOLONITRILE)
96.! 1,2,3,7,8,9- EXACHLORODIBENZO- 100 ..
P-DIOXIN)
100 ..
97. ISODRIN
1 ..
98. HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE
99.! JUGLONE(5- YDROXYNAPHTHALENE- 100 ..
1, 4-DIONE)
100 ..
100. WARFARIN
10 ..
101. 4,4-METHYLENEBIS(2CHLOROANILINE)
100 ..
102. ETHION
100 ..
103. ALDICARB
10 ..
104. NICKEL TETRACARBONYL
100 ..
105. ISOBENZAN
100 ..
106.! PENTABORANE
10 ..
107. 1-PROPENE-2-CHLORO-1,3DIOL-DIACETATE
50
108. PROPYLENEIMINE
10 ..
109. OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE
1
110. SULPHUR DICHLORIDE

- 22

111. SELENIUM HEXAFLUORIDE

10 ..
112. HYDROGEN SELENIDE
10 ..
113. TEPP
100 ..
100 ..
114. SULFOTEP
115. DIMEFOX
100 ..
100 ..
116.! 1-TRI(CYCLOHEXYL)
STANNYL-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE
117. TRIETHYLENEMELAMINE
10 ..
1
118. COBALT(METAL,OXIDES,
CARBONATES, SULPHIDES AS
POWDERS)
119.! NICKEL(METAL,OXIDES,
1
CARBONATES,SULPHIDES AS
POWDERS)]
100 ..
120.! ANABASINE
100 ..
121.! TELLURIUM HEXAFLUORIDE
100 ..
122.! TRICHLOROMETHANESUL
PHENYL CHLORIDE
123.! 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
50
124.! FLAMMABLE GASES
200
125.! HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID* 50000
*
20 o .
20 o .

- 23
126.! DIAZODINITROPHENOL
127.! DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE
128.! DINITROPHENOL, SALTS
129.! 1-GUANYL-4NITROSAMINOGUANYL1
TETRAZENE
130.! BIS(2,4,6-TRINITROPHENYL)
AMINE
131.! HYDRAZINE NITRATE
132.! NITROGLYCERINE
133.! PENTAERYTHRITOL
TETRANITRATE
134.! CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE
TRINITRAMINE
135.! TRINITROANILENE
136.! 2,4,6-TRINITROANISOLE
137.! TRINITROBENZENE
138.! TRINITROBENZOIC ACID
139.! CHLOROTRINITROBENZENE
140.! N-METHYL-N,2,4,6-NTETRANITROANILENE
141.! 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL
(PICRIC ACID)

10
10
50
10

50
50
10
50
50 .
50
50
50
50
50
50

50

- 24 142.!
143.!
144.!
145.!
146.!

147.!

148
149.
150.!
151.!
152.

TRINITROCRESOL
2,4,6-TRINITROPHENETOLE
2,4,6-TRINITRORESORCINOL
(STYPHNIC ACID)
2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE
(A) AMMONIUM NITRATES
(B) AMMONIUM NITRATES IN
THE FORM OF FERTILISERS
CELLULOSE NITRATE
(CONTAINING > 12.6 %
NITROGEN)
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
(LIQUEFIED GAS)
FLAMMABLE LIQUID*
SODIUM CHLORATE
TERT-BUTYL PEROXYACETATE
(CONCENTRATION " 70 %)

50
50
50
50
2500
5000
100

250
250
200
250
50

*
55 o .

- 25 153.! TERT-BUTYL
PEROXYISOBUTYRATE
(CONCENTRATION " 80 %)
154. TERT-BUTYL PEROXYMALEATE
(CONCENTRATION " 80 %)
155.! TERT-BUTYL PEROXYISOPROPYL
CARBONATE
(CONCENTRATION " 80 %)
156.! DIBENZYL
PEROXYDICARBONATE
(CONCENTRATION " 90 %)
157.! 2,2-BIS (TERT-BUTYLPEROXY)
BUTANE
(CONCENTRATION " 70 %)
158.! 1,1-BIS (TERT-BUTYLPEROXY)
CYCLOHEXANE
CONCENTRATION " 80 %)
159. DI-SECBUTYLPEROXYDICARBONATE
(CONCENTRATION " 80 %)
160. 2,2-DIHYDROPEROXYPROPANE
(CONCENTRATION " 30 %)

50

50
50

50

50

50

50

50

- 26 161.

162.

163.

164.
165.
166.

167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.

DI-N-PROPYL
PEROXYDICARBONATE
(CONCENTRATION " 80 %)
3,3,6,6,9,9,HEXAMETHYL-1,2,4,5-TETROXACYCLONONANE
(CONCENTRATION " 75 %)
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
PEROXIDE(CONCENTRATION
" 60 %)
PARACETIC ACID
(CONCENTRATION " 60 %)
LEAD AZIDE
LEAD 2,4,6TRINITRORESORCINOXIDE
(LEAD STYPHNATE)
MERCURY FULMINATE
CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENETETRANITRAMINE
2,2, 4,4, 6,6,- HEXANITROSTILBENE
1,,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6TRINITROBENZENE
ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE
ETHYL NITRATE

50

50

50

50
50
50

10
50
50
50
10
50

- 27

173. SODIUM PICRAMATE

50
174. BARIUM AZIDE
50
175. DI-ISOBUTYRYL PEROXIDE
50
(CONCENTRATION " 75 %)
176.! DIETHYL PEROXYDICARBONATE 50
(CONCENTRATION " 30 %)
50
177. TERT-BUTYL PEROXYPIVALATE
(CONCENTRATION " 77 %)
2000
178. LIQUID OXYGEN
75
179. SULPHUR TRIOXIDE

- 28 -

6 ACGIH 2001 TLVs and BEIs

Acetaldehyde
Acrolein [107-02-8]
Acrylic acid [79-10-7]
Acrylonitrile [107-13-1]
Allyl chloride [107-05-11]
Ammonia [7664-41-7]
Benzene [ 71-43-2]
Benzyl chloride [100-44-7]

TWA
2 ppm
2 ppm
1 ppm
25 ppm
0.5 ppm
1 ppm

STEL
C 25 ppm
C 0.1 ppm
2 ppm
35 ppm
2.5 ppm
-

A3
Skin; A4
Skin; A4
Skin; A3
A3
Skin;A1;BEI
A3

TLV Basis-Critical Effect(S)

lrritation
lrritation;pumonary edema
lrritation; reproductive
Cancer
Liver
Irritation
Cancer
Irritation;lung

- 29
Bromine [7726-95-6]

TWA
0.1 ppm

STEL
0.2 ppm

SEN;A4
/
A2
Skin;BEI
Skin;A2

TLV Basis-Critical Effect(S)

lrritation

1,3-Butadiene [106-99-0]
n-Butyl acrylate [141-32-2]
Carbon disulfide [75-15-0]
Carbon tetrachloride
(Tetrachloromethane) [56-23-5]
Chlorine [7782-50-5]
Chlorine trifluoride [7790-91-2]

2 ppm
2 ppm
10 ppm
5 ppm

10 ppm

Cancer
lrritation ; reproductive
CVS:CNS
Liver ; cancer

0.5 ppm
-

1 ppm
C 0.1 ppm

A4
-

lrritation
lrritation ; lung

Chloroacetyl chloride [79-04-9]

0.05 ppm

0.15 ppm

Skin

lrritation ; lung

- 30
Chloropicrin [76-06-2]
Crotonaldehyde [4170-300-3]
Diborane [19287-45-7]
Dimethylamine [ 124-40-3]
Epichlorohydrin [106-89-8]
Ethylene oxide [75-21-8]
Formaldehyde [50-00-0]
Hexachlorobutdiene [87-68-3]
Hexafluoroacetone[648-16-2}
Hydrogen chloride [7647-01-0]

TWA
0.1 ppm
0.1 ppm
5 ppm
0.5 ppm
1 ppm
00.2 ppm
0.1 ppm
-

STEL
C 0.3 ppm
15 ppm
C 0.3 ppm
C 5 ppm

A4
Skin ; A3
A4
Skin ; A3
A2
SEN:A2
Skin;A3
Skin
-

TLV Basis-Critical Effect(S)

lrritation ; lung
lrritation
CNS ; lung function
lrritation
lrritation ; liver ; kidney
Cancer; reproductive
lrritation; cancer
lrritation; kidney
Reproductive; kidney
lrritation; corrosion

- 31
Hydrogen cyanide [74-90-8]
Hydrogen fluoride [7664-39-3] ,as F
Hydrogen sulfide [7783-06-4]
Lithium hydride [ 7580-67-8]
Methanol [67-56-1]
Methyl chloride [74-87-3]
Methyl iodine [74-88-4]
Methyl isocyanate [624-83-9]
Methyl mercaptan [74-93-1]
Perfluoroisobutylene [382-21-8]

TWA
(10 ppm)
0.025 mg/m3
200 ppm
50 ppm
2 ppm
0.02 ppm
0.5 ppm
-

STEL
C 4.7 ppm
C 3 ppm
(15 ppm)
250 ppm
100 ppm
C 0.01 ppm

Skin
BEI
Skin;BEI
Skin;A4
Skin
Skin
-

TLV Basis-Critical Effect(S)

CNS; irritation: anoxia; lung: thyroid
lrritation; bone: teeth; fluorosis
lrritation; CNS
Irritation
Neuropathy;vision; CNS
Kidney: CNS: reproductive
CNS : irritation
Irritation : Lung edema ; sensitization
Irritation ; CNS
lrritation; pulmonary edema

- 32

TLV Basis-Critical Effect(S)

Phenol [108-95-2]
Phosgene [75-44-5]
Propylene [115-07-1]
Styrene. Monomer [100-42-5]
Sulfur dioxide [7446-09-5]
Titanium dioxide [13463-67-7]

TWA
STEL
5 ppm
0.1 ppm
(Simple asphyxiant(D)
20 ppm
40 ppm
2 ppm
5 ppm
3
10 mg/m
-

A4
A4;BIE
A4
A4

lrritation; CNS: blood

lrritation; anoxia; lung edema
(Asphyxiation)
Neurotoxicity; irritation: CNS
lrritation
Lung

Toluene [108-88-3]
Trimethylamine [ 75-50-3]

50 ppm
5 ppm

Skin;A4;BEI
-

CNS
lrritation

15 ppm

Skin;A4;BEI
-

- 33
Uranium (natural)Soluble and
Insoluble compounds
Vinyl acetate [108-05-4]
A1 =
A2 =
A3 =
A4 =
BEI =

TWA
0.2 mg/m3
10 ppm

BEI

STEL
0.6 mg/m3
15 ppm
SEN
=
CVS
=
CNS
=
Anoxia
=
Neuropathy =
Asphyxiation =

TLV Basis-Critical Effect(S)

A1

Kidney; blood; cancer

A3

lrritation

cardiovascular system
central nervous system

- 34 -

2.
(Biological Exposure Indese :BEIs)

TLV

(determinant)

(BEI s)

(BEIs)


TLVs TLVs



(BEIs)
(Systemic effects)

- 35
BEIs

BEIs

(BEIs)

(BEIs)
8 / 5 /
(BEIs)

(BEIs)

(BEIs)
1.
2.

3.

4.
BEIs

- 36

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.
(Biological specimens)

- 37 1.

(..>1.030 >3 g/L)
(..<1.010 <0.5 g/L)

2.

end-exhaled air
() mixed-exhaled air
end-exhaled
air
mixed-exhaled air
mixed-exhaled air
2/3 end-exhaled air

3.

- 38

(arterial blood)
(venous blood)

BEIs

1.
(prior to shift) 16
(during shift) (end of
shift) 2

5

2.
(beginning of workweek)
(end of workweek)
2 4
5
5

- 39
3.
(not
critical) (discretionary)

2-3

- 40
7 (BEI)

(Parameter)

(Biological material)

BEI 1*

1.! ACETONE[67-64-1]
(1999)

EOS

Urine
Blood

Acetone
Acetone

50 mg/L
-

2. ACETYLCHOLINES
TERASE INHIBITING
PESTICIDES

Discretionary

Red blood cells

Plasma

Cholinesterase
Cholinesterase
Cholinesterase

70% of
Individual
baseline

BEI 2**

< 2 mg/g creat.
30 mg/g creat.
< 0.2 mg/100ml
5 mg/100ml
-

30% inhibition
50% inhibition
30% inhibition

- 41 3.! ANILINE [62-53-3]

(1991)

EOS
EOS

4. ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL
[ 7440-38-2] AND SOLUBLE
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
(2000)
5. BENZENE [71-43-2]

EWW

Whole blood
Urine
Blood
Urine

EOS
EOS
NC
NC

Urine
Urine
Urine
Blood

6.CADMIUM AND INORGANIC

COMPOUNDS (1993)

Total p-aminophenol
Methemoglobin

50 mg/g creat.
15 % of Hb

30 mg/g creat.
2 % of Hb

Inorganic arsenic plus

methylated metabolites

35 gAs/L

< 40 g/g creat.

S-Phenylmercapturic acid
t,t- Muconic acid
Cadmium
Cadmium

25 g/g creat.
500 g/g creat.
5 g/g Creat.
5 g/L

<2 g/g creat.

<0.5 g/ 100ml

1.4 mg/g creat.

5 g/g Creat.
0.5g/100ml

- 42 7. CARBON DISULFIDE
[75-15-0] (1988)
8. CARBON MONOXIDE
[630-08-0] (1993)
9. CHLOROBENZENE
[108-90-7 ](1992)
10. CHROMIUM (VI),
Water-Soluble Fume (1990)
11. COBALT [7440-48-4]
(1995)

EOS

Urine

EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
DS
EOS at EWW
EOS at EWW
EOS at EWW

Blood
End -exhaled air
Urine
Urine
Urine
Urine
Urine
Blood

2- thiothiazolidine 4carboxylic acid (TTCA)

Carboxyhemoglobn
Carbon monoxide
Total 4- chlirocatechol
Total p- chlorophenol
Total chromium
Total chromium
Cobalt
Cobalt

5 mg/g Creat.

5 mg/g Creat

3.5 % of Hb
20 ppm
150 mg/g Creat.
25 mg/g
10 g/g Creat.
30 g/g Creat.
15 g / L
1 g / L

< 1% of Hb
< 2 ppm
<2 g/g Creat.
<0.2 g/100ml

3.5 % of Hb
12 ppm
30 g/g Creat.
-

- 43 12. N,N DIMETHYLACETAMIDE

[127-19-5] (1995)
13. N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
(DMF) [68-12-2] (1999)

EOS at EWW

Urine

N- Methylacetamide

30 mg/g Creat.

EOS
PLW

Urine
Urine

15 mg/L
40 mg/L

30 mg/g Creat.
-

14. 2-ETHOXYETHANOL(EGEE)
[110-80-5] and 2-ETHOXYETHYL
ACETATE(EGEEA)[111-15-9](1994)
15. ETHYLBENZENE [100-41-4]
16. FLUORIDES (1990)

EOS at EWW

Urine

N-Methylformamide
N-Acetyl-S-(N-Methyl
carbamoyl)Cysteine
2 Ethoxyacetic acid

100 mg/g Creat.

EOS at EWW
PNS
EOS

Urine
Urine
Urine

Mandelic acid
Fluorides
Fluorides

1.5 g/g Creat.

3 mg/g Creat.
10 mg/g Creat.

< 0.5mg/g Creat.

-

3-4 mg/g Creat.

- 44 17. FURFURAL [ 98-01-1](1991)

18. n-HEXANE [110-54-3] (1987)
19. LEAD (1998)
[See Note below]
20. MERCURY (1993)

EOS
EOS
EOS
NC

21. METHANOL [67-56-1](1995)

Preshift
EOS at EWW
EOS

22. METHEMOGLOBIN INDUCERS

During or EOS

Urine
Urine
Blood
Urine
Blood
Urine
Urine
Blood

Total furoic acid

200 mg/g Creat.
2,5-Hexanedione in urine
5 mg/g Creat.
n-Hexane in end exhaled air
30 g/100 ml
Total inorganic mercury
Total inorganic mercury
Methanol
Formic acid
Methemoglobin

35 g/g Creat.
15 g/g Creat.
15mg/L
1.5% of Hb

<65mg/g Creat.
<25g/100ml

80 mg/g Creat
2 mg/g Creat.
4 mg/g Creat.
40 g/100 ml

<5 g/g Creat.

<1 g/g Creat.
<2.5 mg/g Creat
< 60 mg/g Creat
-

50 g/g Creat.
2 g/g Creat
25 mg/g Creat
-

- 45 23.! METHYL CHLOROFORM

[71-55-6] (1989)

24.! METHYL ETHYL KETONE

(MEK) [78-93-3] (1988)
25. METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
(MIBK) [108-10-1] (1993)
26.! NITROBENZENE [98-95-3]
(1991)

EWW
EOS at EWW
EOS at EWW
EOS

End-exhaled air
Urine
Urine
Blood
Urine

EOS

Urine

EOS at EWW
EOS

Urine
Blood

Methylchloform
Total trichloroacetic acid
Total trichloroethanol
Total trichloroethanol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(MEK)
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
(MIBK)
Total p-nitrophenol
Methemogobin

40 ppm
10 mg/L
30 mg/L
1 mg/L
2 mg/L

10 mg/g Creat.
0.1 mg/100 mL
2.5 mg/g Creat.

2 mg/L

0.5 mg/g Creat.

5mg/g Creat.
1.5% of
hemoglobin

< 2%

5 mg/g Creat.
5%

- 46 27.! PARATHION[56-38-2]
(1989 )

28.! PENTACHLOROPHENOL
(PCP) [87-86-5](1988)
29. PHENOL [108-95-2] (1987)

Total p-nitrophenol in urine

Cholinesterase
activity

0.5 mg/g Creat.

EOS

Urine

Discretionary

Red blood
cells

Prior tolast shift

of workweek
EOS
EOS

Urine

Total PCP

70% of
individuals
baseline
2 mg/g Creat.

Plasma
Urine

Free PCP
Total phenol

5 mg/L
250 mg/g Creat.

0.5 mg/g
Creat.
-

< 20 mg/g
Creat.

250 mg/g
Creat.

- 47 30. STYRENE [100-42- 5]

(1986)

31. TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
[127-18-4] (1997)
32. TETRAHYDROFURAN
[109-99-9] (2000)

EOS
PNS
EOS
PNS
EOS
PNS
PLW
PLW
EOS at EWW
EOS

Urine

Mandelic acid

Urine

Phenylglyoxylic acid
Styrene

Blood
End- exhaled air
Blood
Urine
Urine

Perchloroethylene
Perchloroethylene
Trichloroacetic acid
Tetrahydrofuran

800 mg/g Creat.

300 mg /g Creat.
240 mg/g Creat.
100 mg/g Creat.
0.1! mg/100 mL
0.02 mg/L
5 ppm
0.5 mg/L
3.5 mg/L
8 mg/L

800 mg/g Creat.

250 mg/g Creat.
0.002 mg/100 mL
5 mg/g Creat.
-

- 48 33. TOLUENE [108-88-3 ] (1999)

34. TRICHLOROETHYLENE
[79-01-6] (1986)

35.VANADIUM PENTOXIDE
[1314-62-1] (1995)
36.XYLENES [13307] (Technical
Grade ) (1986)

0.5 mg/L
1.6 g/g creat.
0.05 mg/L
100 mg/g creat.
300 mg/g creat.

<0.3 mg/g Creat.

< 1.5 g/g Creat.
-

1 mg/g Creat.
2.5 g/g Creat.
0.1 mg/100mL
75 mg/g Creat.
-

Blood
Urine

O- Cresol
Hippuric acid
Toluene
Trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic acid
and Trichloroethanol
Free trichloroethanol
Vanadium

4 mg/L
50 g/g creat.

Urine

Methylhippuric acids

1.5 g/g creat.

1.5 g/g Creat.

EOS
EOS
PLW
EWW
EOS at EWW

Urine
Urine
Blood
Urine
Urine

EOS at EWW
EOS at EWW
EOS

- 49 *Boilogical Exposure Indices (BEI1)

**Boilogical Exposure Indices (BEI2)

1.
2.
3.
4.

End of shift
(EOS)
End of work week (EWW)
Prior to next shift (PNS)
During of shift (DS)

: ACGIH Threshold Limit Volues for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. Biological
Exposure Indices.
: Lauwerys RR. And Hoet P.Industial Chemical Exposure 2 nd Ed. Guidelines for Biological
Monitoring; 1993

=
=
=
=

- 50 5. End of shift at end of work week (EOS and EWW)

6. Not critical (NC)
7. Discretionary
8. Prior to last shift of work week (PLW)
9. Last 2 hours of shift (L2H)
12.Last 4 hours of shift (L4H)
13. Reference Value
14. Tentative maximum permissible concentration
15. Creat.

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

2
4

Creatinine

- 51 -

3.
3.1
3.1.1

3
13

(1)!

()
(2)!


()
(3)!

()
14
()

15

13

- 52 13
16
15

(ear plugs)

15
()
(ear muffs)

25 ()
3.1.2 2001 TLVs and BELs ACGIH

- 53 -

(Continuous or Intermittent Noise)

(Sound Level meter)
(Noise Dosimeter)
ANSI S 1.4 1983,
Type S2A, ANSI S1.25 1991

A

1
TLVs

C1
C2
Cn
T1
T2
Tn
C1 =
T1 =

- 54 8 TLVs

24
15
8
4
2
1

30
15
7.50 #
3.75 #

1.88 #
0.94 #
28.12
14.06
7.03
3.52
1.76
0.88
0.44
0.22
0.11

()*
80
82
85
88
91
94
97
100
103
106
109
112
115
118
124
124
127
130
133
136
139

C 140 dB

- 55 *
ANSI
(S1.4 1983) Type S2A
A
#!
!
120

(Impulsive or Impact Noise)

ANSI S1.4 S1.25 IEC 804

80 140
63
(peak) 140

TLVs

- 56 9

1/3 octave (KHz)

10
12.5
16
20
25
31.5
40
50

(dB)
80
80
80
105
110
115
115
115

3.2


3.2.1. 50

3.2.2
100
3.2.3
200
3.2.4 (3.2.1)
(3.2.3) 300

- 57 3.2.5
1,000

3.2.6

20
3.2.7
50
3.2.8

3.2.9

20

3.2.10
( 9 )

- 58 9

(Illuminating Engineering Society :

IES) 1981
/
-
-! ()
-!
()
-! ()
-! ()

-!
-!
-!

-!
-!

-! infant (
30 )

-! (Nurses Station)
-!

()
30
30
50
50
27,000
22,000
500
27,000
100
100

50
50

- 59
/

()
50
50
50
50
50
100
300
200
500

3.3
3.3.1

1
2

38
3


38

- 60

38
4
38


5

6


45

- 61 3.3.2 (Heat Stress)

2001 TLVs and BEIs ACGIH TLV
10

TLV

( )



38


WBGT TLVs 11
WBGT

WBGT

1.
WBGT = 0.7 NWB+0.2 GT+0.1 DB
2.!

WBGT = 0.7 NWB+0.3 GT

WBGT =

NWB = ()

- 62 GT =
DB =
10
( 0 WBGT)*
/

30.0 26.7 25.0
75% 25% 30.6 28.0 25.9
50% 50% 31.4 29.4 27.9
25% 75% 32.4 31.1 30.0

*
TLV 2.5 0
11 (Correction Factor
TLVs -WBGT ()

Clo*
0.6
1.0
1.4
1.2

WBGT
0
-2
-4
-6

*Clo 1 Clo = 5.55 kcal/m2/hr

1

- 63 (

tadb = ((ta + tr) /2)

(Workload Categories)

1.! ( 200 kcal/.

800 BTU/.)


2.! (200-350 kcal/. 8001,400 BTU/.)



3.! (350-500 kcal/. 400-2,000
BTU/.)

TLV
10

- 64 3.3.3 (Cold Stress) 2001

TLVs and BEIs ACGIH
TLVs
(deep temperature)

36 0 (96.8 0)



35 0 (95 0)
12

(Core temp)
0
0
C
F
99.6
37.6
98.6
37.0
96.8
36.0
35.0
34.0

95.0
93.2

33.0

91.4

32.0

89.6

31.0

87.8

- 65
(Core temp)
0
0
C
F
30.0
86.0

29.0
28.0

84.2
82.4

27.0

80.6

26
25

78.8
77.8

24
22

75.2
71.6

21
20
18

69.8
68.0
64.4

17

62.6

48.2

isoelectric
electroencephalogram

- 66 13 ()
( 0F)

(/..)

5
10
15
20

50

40

30

20

50
48
40
36
32

40
37
28
22
18

30
27
16
9
4

20
16
4
-5
-10

10

0
-10
-20
-30

10
0
-10
-20
-30
6 -5
-15
-26
-36
-9 -24
-33
-46
-58
-18 -32
-45
-58
-72
-25 -39
-53
-67
-82

-40

-50

-60

-40
-47
-70
-85
-96

-50
-57
-83
-99
-110

-60
-68
-95
-122
-121

- 67 25
30
35
40
40
/..

30
16
0
-15
-29 -44 -59
28
13
-2
-18 -33 -48 -63
27
11
-4
-20 -35 -51 -67
26
10
-6
-21 -37 -53 -69

-74
-88 -104
-79
-94 -109
-82
-98 -113
-85 -100 -116

30

-118
-125
-129
-132

-133
-140
-145
-148

- 68 14 TLVs 4

0
C
- 26 - 28
- 29 31
- 32 34
- 35 - 37

1
1
75
2
55
3

5 /.

1
75
2
55
3
75
4

10 /.

75
2
55
3
40
4
30
5

15 /.

55
3
40
4
30
5

20 /.

40
4
30
5

- 69

0
C

- 38 - 39

40

- 40 - 42

30

- 43

5 /.

30

10 /.

15 /.

20 /.