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Contents June 2010

Pform; uav;wkdYrkd; tay;t& waeYNyD;waeY (okdY) udkoDv&JU ausmif;uav; q&mtkd\ a0'em vlUavmu cspfp&mht&G,f? pmoifr,f wGef;vSnf;

5 wifrdk;
6 Munfat; 7 aeEG,f 8 urmykvJ 9 10 11 12 armifarmifNidrf;at; pdefyef;ndK a':pdefat; auZDvif;

umwGef; 13 aersKd;at;? 0PaZmf? EkdifiHwum umwGef; jynfwGif;ESihf a&TUajymif;a'o ynma&;owif; aqmif;yg; 22 ormorwf 25 t&SifZ0e 28 q&ma|; 34 &JabmfoHcJ 40 EkdifOm 45 at;at;jrifh

19

tpdrf;a&mifoifkd;Tef;wrf; udk,fawGU bkef;awmfBuD;oif ynma&; om"kac: Mu 'D'ge olaoudk,f&Sif wkdufyJG0if pum;vkH;ocif pmoif&if; &ifxJatmifhatmifhae pMum0VmBuD; wpfckvkH;twGuftvS 52 armifarmifvwf ausmif;q&mb0? ausmif;q&m ynma&; 57 arNidrf; 2008 tajccHOya'ESihf ynma&;u@ 59 xuf*sLvdkif ynmwwfzkdYta&; 'kdYta&;

117

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76

28
ynma&; tzJGUtpnf;rdwfquf 62 jrefrma&TUajymif; ausmif;q&mrsm; tpnf;t&kH; (BMTA) EkdifiHwum ynma&; owif; 0wKwkd 70 armifvGrf;PD 76 Nidrf;a0 81 zkd;olawmf 86 cifrrrsKd;

ig;r& a&csdK;jyef a&ESihfig; ,lwkd;yD;,m;tdrfruf ydk;pkef;MuL;

67

EkdifiHwum ynma&;aqmif;yg; 94 *grPd ausmif;aumif;? q&maumif;? ausmif;om;aumif; 99 jrwfyef;&Sif ESpf(30) ynma&;pDrHudef; usqkH;cef;ESihf tpdk;&opftwGuf pdefac:csuf 102 &Jjrifhausmf wkd;wufvmonfh tm&Swuodkvfrsm;

140

ausmif;ynma&; u@ 110 trEGef *vdkb,f t*Fvdyfpm 114 odef;Ekdif todPf tvif;cvkwfzGifhwJh bmom&yfawG olUtjrif 117 t&Si&d, f 119 pef;pef; 120 csdKZifEkdif 123 a&T&Guf0g

70

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jyefvnfcHpm;jcif; (0wKwkd) 126 vlxka':trm awmausmif;q&m&JU okc tifwmAsL; 136 orkdif;oifdk;Tef;wrf; jyKpkol kdq,fvDrufxdk 140 SOAS ausmif;om; bkdbkdvef;pif wuodkvf 0ifcGifh tufaq; (avhusifhp&m) 143 A Person I Admire

28

enf;ynm 146 xG#fjrwfcdkif Photoshop wGifzGmxGufaeaoqHyifrsm;tm; Selection vkyfenf; ynma&;tawG;tac: 148 odef;Ekdif 'Drkdua&pDynma&; wnfaqmufrIESihf rdkufu,f'AvsLtyfyJvf uav;uAsm 156 armifarmifNidrf;at; 157 jidrf;pdk;ol

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148

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5
ZGefv? 2010

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ZGefv? 2010

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ZGefv? 2010

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ZGefv? 2010

11

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ZGefv? 2010

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vkyfudk pcJhMuygw,f/ 'D'ge[m urmBuD;ESifh csDwJh ynm'ge r[kwfygvm;/ urmBuD;udkapmifh a&SmufwJh 'gejyKrIBuD; w&yfvkdY vnf; ajymcsifygw,f/
NGOESihf Migrant

ynma&;

urmBuD;ESihfcsD'gejyKwJh avmuBuD;jzpfwmrdkY jrefrmEkdifiH ppftmPm&Sif&JU zdESdyfrIaMumifh taMumif;rsdK;pkHjzihf wzufEkdifiH e,fpyfokdY a&mufvmMuwJh u av;rsm;&JU Migrant ynma&; udkvnf; urmay:&Sd tvSL&Sif

tcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;vnf; tuefYvdkuf? tuefYvdkufay: vmrSm trSefygyJ/ urmBuD;&JU Nidrf;csrf;om,mrI? zHGUNzdK;rIawG[m vnf; avsmhenf; yaysmufoGm;rSm trSefygyJ/ NGO rsm;taejzihf vnf; Migrant ynma&;udk ausmif;axmifae&kHavmuf? ykd aeNrJ? usm;aeNrJ oabmavmuf Munfhaumif;&kH oabmavmuf xm;aevdkY r&yg/ wkd;wufaom Migrant ynma&;? xGef;ayguf aom Migrant ynma&;jzpfzkdY

rsm;? tvSL&SifEkdifiHrsm;uapwem a&SUxm; apmifha&Smuf vSL'gef; vsuf &Sdaeygw,f/ ,aeY Migrant ynma&;[m tvSL&Sif wdkY&JU vSL'gef;axmufyHh apmihf a&SmufrI tay:rSm t"duwnfrSD aewmyg/ ,aeY tvSL&Sifrsm; NGO rsm;r&Sd&if ,aeYyif Migrant ynma&;[m urf;rjrif? vrf;rjrifygyJ/ ynma&; uG,f aysmuf&if aemufqufwJG tcuf

txl;udk vkdygr,f/ rjynfhrpkH aom ynma&;? caemfceJY jzpfae aom ynma&; jzpfae&if ynm a&; 0efxrf; q&m? q&mrawG aum ausmif;om;rsm;yg a&&Snf rcHEkdifyg/ q&mq&mrrsm;[m ynma&; 0ef;usifrS tjcm;0ef; usifodkY ul;ajymif; oGm;Ekdifovkd uav;rsm;[mvnf; pD;yGm;a&; buf? tvkyfESihf puf&kHbuf

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Migrant q&mwOD;&JU vpm[m

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udk,fht&yfESifh udk,fhZmwf
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csufjyKwf auR;arG;w,f/ csuf jyKwfNyD;tpm;tpmrsm; udk,fwdkif vdkufvH ydkYaqmifay;w,f/ ydkrdk *&kwpdkuf &Sdw,fvkdY qdk&ay r,fh 'Dtpm;taomuf[m ynm oifuav;rsm;&JU vdktifeJYvJGae wm rBudKufwJh tpm; tpmjzpf aewm? pm;vdkY r&wmrsdK; qkd&if awmh oJxJ a&oGefovdk jzpfae ygw,f/ uav;qkdwJh oabmu olwkdY rBudKuf&if rpm;bl;/ tJ'Dtcg ydkvQHjyD; pGefY ypfwJh tajctaeudk a&muf&yg w,f/ 'g[m rvdkvm; tyfwJh qkH;&IH;rIyg/ trsm;&JU vkdtifudk jznhfqnf;zkdY[m rvG,fulrSef;od ygw,f/ a,bk,stm;jzihf t rsm; pm;EkdifavmufwJh tajct aeudkawmh a&mufatmif jyKjyif zkdYvdkygw,f/ ausmif;awGbufu vnf; ydkYvdkufwJh &dum tpm;t aomufudk rQwpGm a0iSEkdifzkdYESifh xdef;odrf;zkdY? avvGifhrI r&Sdatmif 0dkif;0ef;MuzkdYvnf; vkdygr,f/ vktyfonf xuf ydawmif;qkwm d k d rsKd;vnf; rjzpfoifhygbl;/ wdus wJh taxmuftyHhrsKd;udkomopm &SdpGm awmif;qkdzkdY vkdygr,f/ NGO eJY CBO u axmufyHhwJh pma&; ud&d,mawG [m wESpfpmtwGuf rvkHavmuf rjynfhpkHwmrsdK;awGvnf; awGU& ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh tjcm;aom tzJGYtpnf;awGudk ajy;vTm;tul tnD awmif;&wmawG &Sdygw,f/ rnfolYudkrqdk ajymcsifwmu?

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axmufyHh EkdifcJhygw,f/ ausmif; om; 300 cefY&SdwJh ausmif;wpf ausmif;twGuf ausmif;om; 20 OD; udkom axmufyHh EkdifcJhygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm; tvkyform; b0 ra&mufatmifBudKwif um uG,fwJh Prevention tqifhudk vkyfcJhjcif;yg/ odkYaomf tvkyfo rm; uav;rsm; ausmif;wGif; jyefvnf a&muf&Sda&;udk ausmif; q&mrsm;ESifhtwl ILO tzJGUBuD; uxda&mufpGm vkyfaqmifEkdif jcif; r&Sdao;yg/ awmxJawmif Mum;? ,mcif;rsm;udk jzwfajc&m tESHY vkduf&Sm&if; ynmroifEkdif &wJh uav;awG trsm;BuD;usef aeygao;w,f/ 'Dae&mawGudk wu,f a&mufatmif oGm;&yg vdrfhr,f/ uav;awGudk ynm oifcsifwJh pdwfawG arG;ay;&yg r,f/ rdbawGudk olwkdY&JU vdk tif aiGaMu; axmufyHhay;NyD; uav;awGudk ausmif;wGif;odkYyg atmif qJGoGif;&ygr,f/ tvkyf cGifxJu uav;tvkyform;awG udk tmPmydkif tzJGUtpnf;rsm; jzihf tvkyfxJrS qJGxkwfMu&yg vdrhfr,f/ vdktyfvm&if rdrd uav;udk rjzpfrae ynmoif apzkdY Oya' wpf&yfyif xkwf jyefNyD; wGef;tm; ay;&ygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dvkyfief;awG wu,f xda&muf zkdY (wenf;) Education For All wu,f jzpfcsif&if wu,f vkyfzkdY vkdygr,f/ [efa&;jy vdkY

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vkyfaqmifEdkifMuap&ef Mum;cHaqmif&Gufay;aomtzGJUonf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfvSsuf &Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh 2005 ckESpfwGifa&TUajymif; jrefrmtvkyform;rsm; ynma&;aumfrwD (BMWEC) ESihf (W/E) wdkY yl;aygif;zGihfvSpfcJhaom oifwef;rS rJaqmufa'o&Sd ausmif;aygif;pkHrS q&m?q&mrrsm;\ qEESifhtnD tzGJUtpnf;wpfckzGJUpnf;&ef oabmwlnDqHk;jzwfcJhMuNyD; q&m? q&mr tcsif;csif; ydkrdk&if;ESD; cspfMunfpGmjzifh pkpnf;Edkif&efESifh ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmap&ef qHkcsufwpfcktjzpfa&TUajymif; a'o q&m?q&mrrsm; tpnf;tHk;udk zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/ xdkodkYjzifh a&TUajymif;a'o q&mq&mrrsm;tpnf;tHk;\ yxtBudrf tvkyftrIaqmif a&G;cs,f wifajrmufyGJudk 2007 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv 28&ufaeYrS rwfv (3) &ufaeYtxdwGifvnf;aumif;? 'kwd, tBudrf tvkyftrIaqmif a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJudk 2009 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv (4 - 5) &ufaeYrsm;wGif vnf;aumif; atmifjrifpGm usif;yjyKvkyfEdkifcJhonf/ tpnf;tHk;\ OD;wnfcsufrSm- a&TUajymif;a'o ynma&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufcdkifrmap&efESifh q&m? q&mrrsm;\ tcef;u@ ydkrdkxif&Sm; ay:vGifap&ef jzpfygonf/ tpnf;tHk;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm 1/ a&T hajymif;a'o&Sd q&m? q&mrrsm; pkpnf;nDnGwfa&;/ 2/ q&m? q&mrrsm;\ vHkNcHKa&;ESifh b0&yfwnfEdkifrI &Sda&;/ 3/ ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif q&m? q&mrrsm; tcsif;csif;? ausmif;tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef dkif;yif;ulnD rI? av;pm;,HkMunfrI &Sdapa&;/ 4/ q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf ynma&;qdkif&m q&mtwwfynm t&nftcsif;rsm; jrifhwifay;a&;/ 5/ q&m? q&mrrsm;\ *kPfodumudk xdef;odrf;umuG,f jrifhwifay;a&;/ 6/ ausmif;ae&G,fuav;wdkif; ynmoifMum;EdkifcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;/ 7/ EdkifiHwum? a'oqdkif&m tzGJ htpnf;rsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&GufEdkifa&; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/

rdom;pkESifYtwl xyfwl0rf;enf; aMuuGJ&jcif;

xdkif;jrefrm e,fpyf jrefrma&TUajymif; ausmif;q&mrsm; tpnf;tHk; (Burmese Migrant Teachers Association) 'k-OuX ESifY a0S;uvkyf tv,fwef;ausmif;udk wnfaxmifol ausmif;tkyf q&mMuD;

ref;oef;xl; touf (45) ESpfonf arv 6&ufaeY naewGif kwfw&uf c&pfawmf tdyfaysmfoGm;cJYonf/ q&m ref;oef;xl;rSm 1989 rS 1991 ckESpf txd tvHkNrdKU Seminary ausmif; wGif c&pf,mef"rynma&; 'Dyvdkrm ESpfESpf oif,lcJYjyD;? tpdk;&v,fpdkuf&Sif; t&m&Sdtjzpf vkyfudkifcJYonf/ xdkif; jrefrm e,fpyfodkY rdom;pkESifY ajymif;a&TUvmNyD;aemuf? 2002 ckESpfwGif a0S;uvkyf tv,fwef;ausmif;udk xlaxmifNyD;? 2004 ckESpfwGif Love and Care txufwef;ausmif;udk xyfrH xlaxmifcJYonf/ q&mref;oef;xl; qHk;yg;oGm;jcif;onf jrefrma&TUajymif; q&mrsm; tpnf;tHk;? q&m q&mrrsm;? vkyfazmfudkif zufrsm;? ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;ESifY rdom;pktwGuf tzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom qHk;HI;rI jzpfonf/ (armut,f'DwmtzJGU)

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um kdifiHw if; E ;ow ma& yn

orw tdkbm;rm;udk vkyfBuH&ef oifcef;pm OyrmtwGuf ocsFmq&m tvkyfjzKwfcH&
t,fvfbm;rm; jynf e,frSocsFmq&mwOD;onf pm oifcef;twGif; orwtdkbm;rm; udk vkyfBuHrnfhtpDtpOfudktoHk; jyKykpm&Sif;jyonfhtwGuf tvkyf xkwfypfcHcJY&onf/ *sufzmqefjrdKU aumfem txufwef;ausmif;rSausmif;q &m *&D*dk&D[m&pfqefudk ausmif; tmPmydkifrsm;u ac:,laqG; aEG; owday;&HkrSsom pDpOfcJYaomf vnf;? orwudkwypfcwfEdkifrnfh axmifYtaetxm;rsm;oifMum; rSItwGuf txl;axmufvSrf;a&; tzGJYrS pHkprf;ppfaq;cJYonf/ *sDatmfarMwD oifcef; pm&Sd rsOf;jydKifrsm;? axmifYrsm;ESifY oufqdkif&macgif;pOfwGif tdk bm;rm;udk ypfcwfrnfqdkvSsif rnfodkY&yfjyD;? rnfodkY csdefypf&rnf

udk ocsFmq&mu Oyrmay;cJYav onf/ ausmif;om;wpfOD;&JU v ywfoifcef;pm rSwfpkudkvSef Munfhaomtcg ]]orwudk ypf r,fqdk&ifawmY olY em;&Gufem;udk 'DvdkaxmifYjzwf,l&r,f}} [kawGU Mu&onf/ ausmif;ol [m&pfqef uawmY q&m [m&pfqef[m a0zefoHk;oyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdol ocsFm toiftjyaumif;oljzpfaMumif;

axmufcHajymqdkonf/ ]]usrwdkY q&mudkta&; ,lwm rrdkufygbl;/ tar&durSm tdkbm;rm;udk vlwdkif;ysufvHk; xkwfaewmyJ[m..}} ]]tck q&mhtay:ajym aeMuyHkawGu q&muyJ orw udkvkyfMuHawmYr,fYtwdkif;.}} [k rausreyfajymygonf/
Source; www.gardian.co.uk

64

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puFmyl q&mrsm; tvkyfzdpD;rI cHpm;aeMu&

rptd&SuGwfu olrtrsKd;om; w&ufwm tvkyfcsdefZ,m;udk &Sif;jyonf/ olr a,muFsm; rlv wef;jy q&mrSm eHeuf 5em&Dtdyf ,mux? 6em&D tdrfuxGuf? 7em&D ausmif;rSm apmifYa&SmufzdkY wm0efus? ausmif;pmawGoif? wGJzufoif&dk; nTef;wrf; wm0ef rsm;ESifY pDrHrSIwm0efrsm; aqmif &Guf&jyD; n 8em&DrS tdrfjyef a&muf? npmpm;jyD; ausmif;t vkyfawG tdrfrSmqufvkyfjyef/ touf 35 ESpfcefY&Sd q&mr wOD;uvnf; ]]ausmif;rSm yHkrSef pmoifcsdefawG &Sdw,f? jyD;tdrfpmawGudk trSwfjcpfay; &w,f/ ausmif;rSmvnf; twef; ydkiftvkyfawG? pDrH&wmawG&Sd awmY tvkyfcsdefrsm;vGef;wmaygY/ usr a,muFsm;uvnf; q&myg? oifcef;pmtwGuf jyifqif& trS w f j cpf & eJ Y w if r tm;vyf atmifygyJ}} [k ajymcJYonf/ odkY tem*wf pdwfES vHk;rsm;udk xkqpfaeaom q&m rsm;b0rSm tem;,lcsdef? rdom; pkESifYaEG;axG;pGm aexdkifcsdef r&Sd vSsifaemufw&uftwGuf pdwf "gwftiftm;rsm; usef&SdygOD;rnf vm;[k ar;cGef;xkwfp&mrsm;&Sd vmjyD[k owif;pmuqdkonf/
Source: The Strait Times

puFmylEdkifiHonf ynm wwf u Ref ; Ed k i f i H a v;[k a <u; aMumfaeaomfvnf; wefbdk;xm; cH&rItenf;qHk;tvkyfrSm ausmif;q&mtvkyfjzpfaeonf [kq&mrsm; nnf;nLvmonf/ 2010 arv 15 &ufaeY px&dwf wdkif; owif;pmwGif ausmif;q &mwa,muf ZeD;onfjzpfonfh

touf (94) ESpf t&G,f zGm;zGm; bJGU,l

om;orD ; ajcmuf O D ; ? ajr;jrpf av;q,fausmf&SdwJY t ouf 94ESpf t&G,f&Sd zGm;zGm; a[Z,fqdk;&ufpf[m urmY'kwd , touftMuD;qHk; bGJY,lol jzpfvmcJYonf/ ordkif;txl;jyK 0dZmbGJYudk *kPfxl;eJY,lvdkufjcif; [m olr&JU 78ESpfMum &nfrSef; csufudk taumiftxnf azmf EdkifcJYwmjzpfaMumif;ajymjyonf/ urmY pD;yGm;a&; tusyf twnf; qdkufcJYonfh 1915 wGif umvDazmeD,m; jynfe,f wGif arG;zGm;cJYjyD;? 1932ESpfckESpf rSm txufwef;ynma&; jyD;qHk; cJYayr,fYausmif; qufrwufEdkif cJY[k ajymjyonf/ ]]tultnDr&bJeJY ausmif;wuf zdkYqdkwmtJ'D tcsdef rjzpfEdkifbl;/ 'gayrJY ausmif;wufcsifwJYusr&JU qEuawmhb,fawmYrS aysmuf roGm;bl;/ tck bGJU&wJYtwGuf tvGefaysmf&Tif rdw,f}}[k &if zGifYonf/ urmYyxr toufMuD; qHk;bGJY& oltouf 95ESpf&Sd zGm;zGm; EdkvmtdkUu 2007 ckESpf wGif *kPfxl;wef;bGJY udk&&SdcJYjyD;?

,ck touf 98ESpf t&G,fwGif r[mwef;udk wufa&mufvsuf &Sdonf/

Source: Sky News

ZGefv? 2010

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rsm; pwifvkyfudkifaejyD/ w&kwf tpdk;&u trsKd; om;ynma&; tpDtpOfopf (2010-2020) udkaMujimvdkuf jyD;? 2012 ckESpf w&kwf tpdk;& &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrSm *sD'DyD toHk;p &dwf&JU 4 &mcdkifESIef; &SdaMumif; orw 0rfusm;aygifu ajym onf/ tar&duefESifY pufrIzGHjzdK; jyD; EdkifiHrsm; ESpfpOfysrf;rSs toHk; p&dwfrSm 4.5 &mcdkifESIef; &Sdonf [kvnf; qdkonf/ ,ck tpDtpOfrSm aus; vufESifY jrdKUjyzGHjzdK;rSI rnDrQrI? ynma&; uGm[csuf MuD;rm;rSI jyemrsm;udk avSsmUcsypfzdkY&nf &G,faMumif;? w&kwftpGeftzsm; aus;vufa'orS ausmif;om; rsm;udk wuodkvfxJ rsm;rsm; oGif;jyD;? olwdkYxHrS qef;opfwD xGifrI (Innovation) tdkif'D,m opfrsm; rsm;rsm;&atmif vkyfMu &rnf[k 0rfusm;aygifu ajym onf/
Source China Daily

aus;vufa'orsm;wGif rlvwef;ynma&;rS toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;ynma&;txd zGHYjzdK; atmifaqmif&Gufa&;onf wdkif; jynf zHGUjzdK;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;t euf t "d u vk y f i ef ; MuD ; jzpf aMumif; w&kwftpdk;&u oabm wlvdkufjyD;? aemuf q,fpkESpft wGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkyfief;

bGJU&ayr,fh raysmfEkdifolrsm;
MopaMw;vsEdkifiH ynm a&;okawoe ppfwrf; wckt& vlvwfwef;pm;touf20ausmf bGJY&rsm;[m? touf10ESpf t&G,frSm ausmif;xGufoGm;Mu& wJY vli,fawGavmufawmif aysmf&TifrSIudk r&&SdMuonfudk awGY &Sdae&aMumif; azmfjyonf/ 9wef; txuf ausmif; om; 13600OD;udk touf25ESpf a&muf&Sdonf txdavYvmcJYwm jzpfjyD;? txufwef;eJY wuodkvf wufa&mufaeolrsm;[m ausmif;aecGifY r&onfh uav; rsm;avmufawmif raysmf&TifMu [k qdkonf/ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifY tvkyfoifoifwef; wufa&muf aomvli,frsm;usawmY ajymif; jyeftajctaeudk awGYMu&onf/ ausmif;wufaomumvrSmolwdkY raysmf&TifMuayr,fY? tvkyfoif oifwef;rsm; wufa&mufaom umvwGif aysmf&TifaeMuwm awGY&aMumif; Sydney Morning Herald owif;pmu azmfjy onf/
Source: Sydney Morning Herald,IANS

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aysmufuG,fvkeD;yg; vufa&;
odkY a&;om;&rnfudkyif rrSwfrd awmYaMumif; wifjyxm;onf/ [labe,f jynfe,f wuodkvf ausmif;ol arZl;u ]]tdrfpmawG udk tDvufxa&mepfeJYjzpfjzpf vufa&;eJYjzpfjzpf wifvdkY&w,f qdk&if vufa&;eJYbmvdkY a&;Mu awmYrSmvJ? vufeJYpma&;&wm odyfaES;w,f? uGefjyLwm eJYut &rf;jrefw,f? aumfyDvkyf? jzwf xkwf? jyefxnfh....tukefvkyf vdkY&w,f}} [kajym jyonf/ vl 2072 OD;udk avY vmrI ppfwrf;t& 26 &mcdkif EIef;u pma&;om;jcif;udk aeY pOfvkyfcGifY &ao;aMumif;? usef 74 &mcdkifESIef;u vufjzifYra&;zdkY tcGifY&Sdae aMumif; awGY&onf/ vufjzifY pma&;om; &ef vkH;0 rvdkbJ aexdkifolrsm;rSm 4 &mcdkifEIef;&SdjyD;? 63 &mcdkifESIef; u tjcm;olrsm;xHrS vufa&; jzifY pmr&cJYonfrSm wpfESpf ausmfjyDjzpfaMumif;? 83 &mcdkif EIef;u vufa&;jzifY pma&;om; &mwGif tcufcJ &SdaMumif;wifjy cJYMuonf/ ppfwrf;wGif yg0ifcJYol rsm;u vufa&;jzifY pma&;om; jcif; usqif;aeonfh tusKd; qufrSm vGefpGmpdk;&drfrSI aumif; aMumif;? w&kwfvlrsKd;wdkY trSwf tom; t&kyfESifY ordkfif;,Ofaus; rIrsm; xdkcdkufepf emzdkY&SdaMumif; ajymMum;cJYMuonf/
Source: IANS

uGefjyLwmrsm;ESifY rdkvf bdkif;zkef;rsm;? yHkESdyfy&ifwm puf rsm;udk us,fus,f jyefYjyefY toHk; jyKvmjcif; tusKd;quftjzpf vl i,ftrsm;pk vufa&;rsm;wGif tcuftcJrsm; &dSvmaMumif; w&kwfvli,faeYpOfvlrIa&; ppf wrf;Xme\ tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm; onf/ vli,frsm;pGmrSm tu &mpmvHk;awGudk vufa&;jzifYrnf

vli,fawG Ekd;Mum;x<uNyD; wm0ef,lvkdpdwf &SdzkdYvkdaMumif; rpfcs,ftkdbm;rm;ajymMum;

oGm;cJYjyD;? First Lady wpfOD;&JU ]] vli,fawG yg0if aqmif&GufrSI &&Sda&;}} EdkifiHwum tm*sif'g opfudk pwifvdkufjyDjzpfaMumif; aMujimonf/ ]]urmYvlOD;a& trsm;pk MuD;[m touf 25ESpf atmuf rSm&SdMuwm jzpfjyD;? vlYtzGJYt pnf;taeeJY usrwdkY[m vli,f awGudk yHYydk;ulnD jyKpkysKd;axmif rIawG vkyfzdkY vkdtyfaeygw,f}} vdkY First Lady rpfcs,ftdkbm; rm;u ajymMum;cJYonf/ rupDudkpD;wD;wGif em&D 40Mum oGm;a&mufcJYpOfrlvwef; uae wuodkvfwef;txd ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;eJY awGY qHkaqG;aEG;cJYjyD;? rdrdwdkY tem*gwf twGuf udk,fwdkif wm0ef,lvdk pdfwf&SdMuzdkY t"duxm;wdkufwGef; ajymMum;cJYonf/
Source; CNN

tar&duef orwu awmf rpfcs,ftdkbm;rm;&JU yxr qkHk; EdkifiHwum wudk,fawmf c&D;pOftjzpf rupDudkpD;wD;EdkifiH udk oHk;&ufMum tvnftywf

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twGuf qHk;jzwfcsufawG csMu&ygr,f}} vdkY ajym Mum; cJYonf/ ]]usaemf ajymcsifwm &dk;&dk;av;yg? ynm a&;[m qif;&JrGJawrSIudk uif;a0;apw,f?ausmif;r wufEdkfifwJY 72 oef;aom uav;rsm;twGufynm a&;udkjznfhqnf;ay;jcif;jzifY iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rI ab;usqif;Edkifapw,fqdkwmudk urmYacgif;aqmif rsm;udk zdtm;ay; ajymqdkoGm;rSm jzpfw,f/}} [k taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u qufajymjyonf/ urmvHk;qdkif&m ynma&; &ufowywf aqmifyk'fudk ]]t&nftaoG; jynfhrDaom vlxkynm a&;twGuf aiGaMu;yHYydk;jcif;- tm;vHk;twGuftcGifY ta&;wpf&yf}} [k ay;xm;jyD;? ]]tm;vHk;twGuf ynma&; 1*dk; vIyf&Sm;rI}}ESifY qufpyfoGm;rnf jzpf onf/ ZGef? Zlvdkifvrsm;wGif ]]1Goal ynma&; urfydef;}} udkawmiftmz&duEdkifiHwGif usif;yrnf jzpfjyD;? EdkifiHtMuD;tuJrsm;? txifu& EdkifiHa&; orm;rsm;? emrnfausmf abmvHk;orm;rsm;?xif&Sm; aom oHwrefrsm;u tm;ay;axmufcH oGm;Murnf jzpfonf/
Source; EI

ukvor*rS csrSwfxm;aom axmifpkESpf &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifrsm;wGifwpfckjzpfonfh]]tm; vHk;twGuf ynma&;}}(Education for All) aMuG;aMumfcJYaom 10ESpfjynfh tcgor,wGifurm vHk;qdkif&m ynma&; vSIyf&Sm;rI &ufowywftjzpf Global Action Week udk {jyDv 19&uf aeYrS 25 &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJYonf/ vuf&Sd ESIef;xm;rsm;t&qdkvSsif uav; tm;vHk; ausmif;aeEdkifa&;&nfrSef;csufrSm 2015 ckESpftwGuf arSsmfrSef;xm;ovdk atmifjrifrnf r[kwf[k ppfwrf;rsm;u qdkonf/ t"dutaMumif; rSmEdkifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;rS aiGaMu; yHYydk;ulnDrI rsm;ay;&ef ysufuGufaerIaMumifY[k qdkonf/ tvSI&Sif EdkifiHrsm;taejzifYvnf; urmYpD; yGm;a&; tusyftwnf;? aiGaMu;ESifY vlrSIa&;tusyf twnf;rsm;aMumifY tultnDrsm; jzwfawmufcJY onfhtwGuf ydkqdk;&Gm; cJY&onf/ EdkifiHwum ynma&;tzGJYtpnf; (Educational International) taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSI; z&ufAefvD,l0efu]]2010[m odyfudkta&;MuD;yg w,f? tajctaeawGa&GUvsm; ajymif;vJypfzdkY

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awmiftmz&du EdkifiH Bloemfontein jrdKY? z&D;pwdwf wuodkvfwGif rwfv 24rS 25 txd usif;ycJYaom 5Mudrfajrmuf ausmif;q&mrsm; okawoe nDvmcHwGif EdkifiHwum ynma&;tzGJY (EI) rS yg0ifcJYjyD;? "eo[m& EdkifiHrsm; tygt0if EdkifiHwumwGif wefzdk;usqif;aeaom ausmif;q &mtqifYtwef;twGuf pdefac:rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef awmif;qdkcJYMuonf/ nDvmcHwGif ausmif;q&mrsm; a&TUajymif; aexdkifjcif;rSm wpfurmvHk; twdkif;twmjzifY wdk;yGm;vmaeaMumif;? tusKd;qufrSm pGefYcGmcJYaom wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm vwfwavm tajctaeESifY

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trEGef
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Formal Education It has some definite aim. It is imparted through well planned means. There is a definite course during a definite period. It is organized by some agency or Government. It starts and ends at a particular age.

Informal Education It has no definite aim. It is not imparted through well planned means. There is no such definite course and period. No organizing body is behind the process. It is a life long process.
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A Person I Admire One person that I really admire is a handicapped lady who lives in the block next to mine. She is the mother of two children aged seven and five. Her husband died in an accident. The same accident that killed her husband, made her a cripple. She is now wheelchair bound and has lost a lot of the mobility that she used to have. I remember seeing her and her husband going jogging almost everyday. Suddenly she was robbed of so many things. In spite of losing the power of her lower limbs, Ms. Lim still works for a living. She is an interior decorator and is among the most respected in her profession. In fact she and her husband were partners in the company that she now runs alone. She drives a car that has been specially designed for her and it is educational to watch her get into and out of the car without any assistance. She moves her wheelchair beside her car door, opens the door and slips into the drivers seat, then folds her wheelchair and takes it into her car. Then she starts her car and drives away confidently. In the evening the whole process is reversed. I admire Ms. Lims courage in facing life squarely instead of wallowing in self pity. I can see that she is not perfectly happy, no one can be under

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the circumstances, but I see a warrior look in her eyes. She has a spirit that cannot be beaten by a handicap. Strange as it may seem, she has a worthless brotherwith perfect limbsliving in a nearby block and he is unemployed. Ms. Lim is not on good terms with him and I am not surprised. She spends a lot of time with her children and is a familiar figure in the neighbourhood. She is caring and is a member of the Residents Committee. I believe she is the treasurer. She is also a charitable person and I understand that she gives generally to organized charity. Ms. Lim is an example who will inspire many to great heights. It is not surprising that when talking to her, we usually forget that she is a handicapped person. The truth is she has a physical handicap, but her alert and active mind brushes it aside and she goes on living as normal a life as possible. Indeed she is a great preson. w Glossary
1. admire 2. admirer 3. adminring 4. handicapped 5. next to 6. cripple 7. mobility 8. mobile 9. used to + V 10. be used to + V 11. jog 12. rob 13. interior decorator 14. profession 15. professional 16. assistance (v) (v) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adj) (prep) (n) (n) (adj)

av;pm;? tm;us? oabmus oabmusol? ESpfoufol? ydk;yef;ol/ he has many admirers. ESpfvkdaom? cspfMunfaom/ admiringly (adv) pdwfydkif;? kyfydkif; csdKUwJhaom? roefpGrf;aom/ a mentally handicapped (n) the disabled person rpGrf;roefol ab;rSm? eHab;rSm?uyfvsuf she sat next to me on the sofa. roefrpGrf;ol/ tBuD;tus,f xdcdkufzsufqD;onf/
(v) Burma has been crippled by the military rule.

a&TUvsm;EkdifrI a&TUajymif;Ekdifaom? ,laqmifoGm;Ekdifaom/ a mobile phone. t&ifu .. aecJhzl;? &SdcJhzl;? jzpfcJhzl; ..ponf/ I used to live in Bangkok. ( atmufu be used to ESifh ra&mygapESihf ) tckusihfom;&? txmus/ I am used to working hard. ajz;ajz;rSefrSefajy;onf/ jogging (n) &G&Gajy;jcif;/ vk,ufonf? "g;jywkdufonf? qkH;IH; vufvTwfvdkuf&onf/
I was robbed of my purse.

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17. fold

acgufonf? csdK;onf/ a folded newspaper. 18. confidently (adv) udk,fhudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI tjynfhjzihf/ 19. reverse (adj) ajymif;jyef? aemufjyef/ go in the reverse direction. 20. wallow (v) &THUvl;? tkdifvl;/ ...... instead of wallowing in selfpity. rdrdudk,fudk,f wpdrfhpdrfh oem;*kPmoufaer,fhtpm;/ under the circumstances, .... 'DtajctaeawGatmuf rSm .... 21. a warrior look ppfonf&Jruf&JU ykHyef;rsdK;/ She has a spirit that cannot be beaten by a handicap. rpGrf;roefrIu xkaxmif;rypfEkdifwJh pdwf"mwfolUrSm&Sd/ 22. a worthless brother bmrS okH;pm;r&wJh tudkwa,muf/ 23. unemployed (adj) tvkyfvufrJh jzpfaom/ 24. she is not on good terms with him. olru oleJY roifhjrwf/ 25. a familiar figure in the neighbourhood. tdrfeD;em;csif;awGeJY uRrf;0ifwJh yk*dKvf/ 26. treasurer (n) b@ma&;rSL;? b@mxdef;/ 27. charitable (adj) csdKUwJholrsm;udk ulnDwwfaom/ charity (n) 28. inspire (v) vIHYaqmfonf/ aphaqmfonf/ inspiration (n) tEkynm ponfwdkYwGif OmPfuGefYjrL;jzif;/ 29. Her alert brushes her troubles aside. olr&JU Edk;Mum;rIu olr&JU 'kuawGudk ab;csdwf xm;Ekdifw,f/

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