CADCAMCNC

NGUYN NGC O
GIAO TRNH
CAD CAM CNC

CN BN
TRN G AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CH MINH 2004
Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM
http://www.hcmute.edu.vn
MUC LUC
MUC LUC Chng 1: TONG VE CONG NGHE CAD/CAM -CNC 1 2 4 4 10 11 12
I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM 1. Lch s phat trien cua CAD/CAM 2. nh ngha cong cu CAD/CAM II. To ng quan ve may cong cu ieu khie n bang chng trnh so (CNC) 1. Lch s phat trien cua may CNC 2. ac trng c ban cua may CNC 3. Mo hnh khai quat uua mot may CNC 13 4. Cac phng phap ieu khie n 5. He truc toa o tren may CNC u ph DH S uong 6. Cac bc thc hien gia cor g tren may CNC t Tn h yrig Cop c gia cong tren may CNC 7. Hnh thc to ch Chng 2: LAP TRNH THU CONG
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
h
14 16 17 22 25 26 27 28 29 30
I. Cau truc chng trnh NC 1. a ch lenh (Address) 2. Lenh (Word) 3. Khoi lenh (Block) II. Phng thc lap trnh NC 1. Lap trnh tuyet oi (Absolute dimensions) 2. Lap trnh tng oi (Relative or Incremental dimensions) III. Cong nghe la p trnh phay NC 1. C s lap trnh phay NC 2. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC 3. Lap trnh phay NC vi phan mem phay mo phong 4. V du lap trnh phay NC vi phan mem phay mo phong IV. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC 1. C s lap trnh tien NC
31 31 36 37 46
48
Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
2. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC 3. Lap trnh tien NC vi phan mem tien mo phong chng 3: LAP TRNH T ONG
51 56 60 61 62 62 65 66 66 67 72
I. Cong nghe lap trnh t ong 1. He thong CAD 2. He thong CAM 3. Trnh hau x ly POSTPROCESSOR II. Gii thieu phan mem MiilCAM- Designer2 1. Khi ong phan mem 2. Thiet ke quy ao cat va tao chng trnh NC 3. ng du ng AutoCAD trong thiet ke quy ao cat
Min 4. Cac bc thc hien phan mem MiilCam-Designer2 Chi P. Ho Chng 4: VAN HANH MAY CNC uat T y th am K I. Va n hanh may phay CNC DENFORD-NOVAMILL u ph DH S ong 1. Gii thieu chung ve Truy phay CNC Novamill t ma h yrig Cop y 2. Van hanh ma
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khien FANUC-OM II. Van hanh may tien CNC MAGNUM 1. Gii thieu chung ve may tien Magnum 2. Van hanh may 3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khien FAGOR PHU LUC 1 PHU LUC 2
73 74 75 75 76 80 85 85 86 88 92 106
CHNG 1
TONG QUAN VE CONG NGHE CAD/CAM - CNC
I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM
1. Lch s phat trien cua CAD/CAM 2. inh ngha cong cu CAD/CAM
u II. Tong quan ve may tcoTrg cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so (CNC) n gh
2. ac trng c ban cua may CNC 3. Mo hnh khai quat uua mot may CNC 4. Cac phng phap ieu khie n 5. He truc toa o tren may CNC 6. Cac bc thc hien gia cong tren may CNC 7. Hnh thc to chc gia cong tren may CNC
o i opyr 1. Lch s phatC n cua may CNC trie
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
CHNG 1
TONG QUAN VE CON G NGHE CAD/CAM - CNC
I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM
Nhng nam cuoi the ky 20, cong nghe CAD/CAM a tr thanh mot lnh vc ot pha trong thiet ke, che tao va san xuat san pham cong nghie p. CAD (Computer Aided Design) la thiet ke tr giup ban g may tnh. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture) la san xuat vi s tr giup cua may tnh. Hai lanh vc nay ghep noi vi nhau a tr thanh mot loai hnh cong nghe cao, mot lanh vc khoa hoc tong hp cua s lien nganh C kh Tin hoc ien t T ong hoa. Cung vi s phat trien cua khoa hoc may tnh, CAD/CAM a c nhan thc va chap nhan nhanh chong trong cong nghiep (cong nghie p det may, cong nghiep nha, con g nghiep c kh che tao ...) v no la hat nhan chnh e sang tao va san xuat san pham, e tang nang xuat lao ong, giam cng o lao ong va t ong hoa qua trnh san xuat, nang cao o chnh xac chi tiet va at hieu qua kinh te cao. h Cong viec chuan b san xuat co vai tro vo cung quan trong trongMinc hnh thanh bat ky Chi vie o mot san pham c kh nao. Cong viec nay bao gom cac at TP. chuan b thiet ke (thiet ke ket khau H u h cau san pham, cac ban ve lap chung cua san m Ky t cac cum may...), chuan b cong nghe a pham, u h (am bao tnh nang cong nghe cua keH caup thiet lap quy trnh cong nghe), thiet ke va che Dt S , g ru ng tao cac trang b cong nghe vaTduon cu phu ... ke hoach hoa qua trnh san xuat va che tao san t h yr g pham trong thi gianpaninh. Co Ngay nay khoa hoc ky thuat phat trien nh vu bao oi hoi ngi ky s phai khong ngng nang cao lng thong tin trong tat ca cac khau cua qua trnh chuan b san xuat. Theo cac nha khoa hoc a phan tch th tnh hnh thiet ke hien nay cho thay 90% khoi lng thi gian thiet ke la e tra cu so lieu can thiet cho viec tnh toan , ch co 10% thi gian gianh cho lao ong sang tao va quyet nh. Cho nen khoan g 90% khoi l ng cong viec tren co the thc hien bang may tnh ien t hoac may ve t ong. Viec lam nay va chnh xac hn, va chat lng hn. Trong san xuat hang loat nho, do ac iem la so lng chi tiet trong loat t , so chu ng loai lai nhieu cho nen khoi lng thi gian chuan b cho san xuat rat ln, ma dang san xuat nay hien ang chiem u the trong nen kinh te th trng hien nay. Tat ca ieu o phai oi hoi tao ra phng phap thiet ke mi nh may tnh ie n t. CAD/CAM la mot lnh vc nghien cu nham tao ra cac he thong t ong thiet ke va che tao. No dung may tnh ien t e thc hien mot chc nang nhat nh e thiet ke va che tao san pham. T ong hoa che tao la dung may tnh ien t e ke hoach hoa, ieu khien qua trnh san xuat, ieu khien qua trnh cat got kim loai va kiem tra nguyen cong gia cong. CAD/CAM ket noi vi nhau tao ra moi quan he mat thiet gia hai dang hoat ong la thiet ke va che tao ma lau nay ngi ta coi la khac nhau va khong phuc thuoc vao nhau. T ong hoa thiet ke la dung cac he thong va phng tien tnh toan giup ngi ky s e thiet ke mo phong, phan tch va toi u hoa giai phap thiet ke. Phng tien bao gom may tnh ien t, cac may ve, may in, thiet b uc lo bang ...phng tien lap trnh bao gom chng trnh may ,
2
cho phep am bao giao tiep vi may ve va cac chng trnh ng dung e thc hie n chc nang thiet ke. V du: Chng trnh ng dung co the la chng trnh phan tch lc va ng suat trong ket cau, chng trnh tnh toan ac tnh ong lc hoc cua may hoac chng trnh gia cong chi tiet tren may ieu khien theo chng trnh so NC hay CNC . Moi mot hang, vien nghien cu hoac c s san xuat co nhng tap h p chng trnh ng dung khac nhau tuy thuoc vao ieu kien san xuat ... He thong CAD/CAM la mot san pham cua CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing). He thong nay c quan ly va ieu hanh da tren c s d lieu trung tam, he thong con c dung e lap ke hoach , bieu o , a ra cac ch dan va thong tin am bao muc ch ke hoach san xuat cua nha may Mo hnh he thong nh sau:
CIM (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING)

Nhu cau D bao Y tng
ruon tT h C yrig s d Cop lieu va thong tin
g DH
uat T y th K ham CAD Su p

CAPP CAM
Chi P. Ho
Min
CAE
MRP II
PP
CNC, Robots
ong goi
Hnh 1.1
CAD CAE CAPP CAM CNC CAQ MRPII PP Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Engineering Computer Aided Process Planning Computer Aided Manufacturing Computer Numerical Control Computer Aided Quality Control Manufacturing Resources Planning Production Planning
CAQ
Khach hang
Thiet ke vi s tr giup cua MTT Phan tch ky thuat vi s tr giup cua MTT Lap phng an che tao vi s tr giup cua MTT Che tao vi s tr giup cua MTT May cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so Kiem tra chat lng vi s tr giup cua MTT Hoach nh nguon lc san xuat Lap ke hoach san xuat
3
1. Lch s phat trien cua CAD/CAM Luc au CAD/CAM la hai nganh phat trien tach biet nhau, oc lap vi nhau trong khoang 30 nam. Hien nay chung c tch hp thanh mot he, trong o thiet ke co the la chon phng an toi u va qua trnh san xuat co the c giam sat va ieu khien t khau au en khau cuoi. Phan mem CAD au tien la SKETCHPAD xuat hien vao nam 1962 c viet bi Ivan Sutherland thuoc trng ky thuat Massachusetts (MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Hien nay tren the gii a co hang ngan phan mem CAD va mot trong nhn g phan mem thiet ke noi tieng nhat la AutoCAD. AutoCAD phien ban au tien (Release 1) c cong bo thang 12 1982. Cho en nam 1997 th a co phien ban th 14 (Release 14). T nam 2000 e n nay, gan nh moi nam eu co ra i phien ban mi. Cung nh he CAD, he CAM c phat trien ng dung au tien tai MIT cho cac may gia cong ieu khien so CNC (Computer Numerical Control) bang may vi tnh vao au nhng nam 70. h He tch hp CAD/CAM ra i vao gia nhng nam 70 va80. hi Min C P. Ho Di ay la s o phat trien cua he thong CAD/CAM: uat T y th am K u ph DH S g ruon tT h yrig Cop
FMS
FMS
2. nh ngha cac cong cu CAD/CAM a) nh ngha cong cu CAD e tao thanh mot san pham hoan chnh can thc hie n hai cong oan chnh la: thiet ke va che tao. cong oan thiet ke tren c s thu thap thong tin, x ly d lieu va ket hp vi kha nang sang tao ngi thiet ke phan tch toan bo tap hp cac phng an va cho n ra mot phng an thiet ke toi u. oi vi san pham co cau truc phc tap, oi hoi nhn g ch tieu cao ve thong so ky thuat cung nh kinh te , e at c giai phap toi u, trong nhieu trng hp cong viec thiet ke va
4
che tao kho ng the thc hie n mot cach hoan chnh bi nhng phng phap va cong cu thong thng. Thiet ke vi s ho tr cua may tnh ien t - CAD la s ng dung co hieu qua cac phng tien cong nghe cua ky thuat tin hoc , ien t ... e giai quyet cac cong viec lien quan ti cong viec thiet ke. Qua trnh thiet ke noi chung bao gom viec xac nh va mo ta cac giai phap ky thuat cu the thoa man tat ca cac yeu cau ky thuat . ch tieu kinh te va co the phan chia lam 6 giai oan chnh (hnh 1- 2). Viec s dung cong cu tin hoc va ien t trong co ng viec thiet ke -thiet ke vi s tr giup cua may tnh ien t (CAD) co the chia thanh bon co ng oan chnh bao gom: - Mo hnh hoa hnh hoc - Tnh toan ky thuat
h Mn - Lap tai lieu ky thuat t ong t mo hnh a c thietike Chi P. Ho uat T y th am K Xay dng nhiem vu thiet ke u ph DH S g ruon tT h yrig Cotpke tong the Thie AutoCAD Cimatron GEOMETRIC Thiet ke chi tiet PRO engineer MODELING
- Thiet ke toi u
...
Tnh toan phan tch
ANALYSIS
Sap 86 Nastran Ansys... Sap 86 Nastran
Thiet ke toi u
OPTIMZATION
Lap tai lieu thiet ke
DRAFTING) (VIEWS AND DRAWINGS Hnh 1- 2
AutoCAD Cimatron PRO
engineer ...
* Mo hnh hnh hoc: ng dung he thong CAD e phat trien viec mo ta toan hoc cua cac vat the hnh hoc. Cac mo hnh hnh hoc nay c lu tr trong he c s d lieu (trong bo nh
5
may tnh) cho phep ngi s dun g bieu dien hnh anh cua mo hnh tren cac thiet b o hoa va th hien cac thao tac dng hnh. * Tnh toan phan tch ky thuat: sau giai oan thiet ke mo pho ng hnh hoc, vat the hnh hoc va mo hnh hnh hoc cua cua oi tng thiet ke can phai c tnh toan phan tch (e am bao cac thong so ky thuat), v du: kiem tra o ben, bie dang, qua trnh trao oi nhiet. Qua trnh tnh toan phan tch ky thuat c thc hien tho ng qua cac phan mem, v du : phan mem tnh toan phan tch theo phng phap phan t hu han; phan mem thiet ke ong hoc; phan mem khao sat cac qua trnh truyen nhiet.... * Lap tai lieu thiet ke t ong: ay la cong viec the hien ket qua thiet ke - t ong tao cac hnh chieu, tao ban ve ky thuat bao gom ca ghi kch thc t mo hnh 3D a c thiet ke. b) nh ngha cong cu CAM Thc hien quy trnh san xuat vi s tr giup cua may tnh ien t la s dung may tnh e lap ke hoach san xuat va ieu khien san xuat. S o cac lnh vc ng dung trong he h Min CAM co the c bieu die n theo s do tren hnh 1- 3. Chi P. Ho uat T th CAM ham Ky up DH S g ruon tT LAP KE HOAyrH h C ig IEU KHIE N QUA Cop SAN XUAT TRNH SA N XUAT
C s d lieu cong nghe
ieu khien chat lng san pham ieu khien xn g Giam sat cac qua trnh san xuat ieu khien qua trnh san xuat
Tieu chuan hoa cac nguyen cong Lap trnh gia cong
Sap xep day truyen san xuat
D tnh gia thanh san pham
ieu khien cac may NC va CNC
Lap ke hoach san xuat
ieu khien kho vat t va cong cu ieu khien cac tay may ngi may
ieu khien cac thiet b van chuyen Hnh 1- 3 6

Lap ke hoach san xuat c thc hien van phong cho cac cong viec cu the sau ay: - T ong hoa thiet ke quy trnh cong nghe, co ngha la hnh thanh cac trnh t nguye n cong e gia cong chi tiet cu the. Muon thc hien c cong viec nay, ngoai cac d lieu ve hnh hoc (be n CAD cung cap), con can cac d lieu ve cong nghe nh: thong so ky thuat cua may, thong so ve dao cat, thong so ve ga lap, thong so che o cat va tieu chuan hoa cac nguyen co ng. - T ong lap chng trnh gia cong cho may ieu khien theo chng trnh so. Ngon ng lap trnh cua CAM la APT (Auto matically Programed Tool). Vi APT ngi lap trnh co the xac nh hnh dang dung cu, dung sai, yeu to hnh hoc chuyen on g dun g cu. Nhc iem cua APT la thi gian tnh toan ln cho nhn g chi tiet n gian. u viet ln nhat cua APT la no a tr thanh chuan cho the gii rong ln cua may NC. He CAM c s dung ro ng rai Viet Nam la MILL-CAM, LATHE- CAM - T ong hoa lap cac nh mc ky thuat e thc hien tng nguye n cong cong nghe .
h - T ong len ke hoach nhu cau ve c s vat chat, mua ban thanhipham va nguyen vat Mn Chi lieu. P. Ho uat T th - T ong lap ke hoach san xuat co xet ti yey cau va ieu kien cu the. am K u u ph DH S Viec ieu khien qua trnh san xuat c thc hien di mat bang phan xng cua x g ruon tT nghiep hay nha may. Bao gom cac cong viec ie u khien t ong cac trang thiet b nh may h yrig Cop cong cu, day chuyen san xuat, robot van chuyen, robot cap phoi, lay chi tiet; ieu khien, giam sat hoat ong cua xng nh: chat lng san pham, cung cap vat t, lu kho
Trong tat ca nh ng cong viec ap dung cua may tnh ien t tren ay oi hoi co s tham gia cua con ngi hoac e nhap d lieu am bao cho chng trnh lam viec hoac e giam sat cac ket qua thc hien. c) nh ngha cong cu CAD/CAM To hp CAD/CAM la mot he thong ma o moi lien ket gia thiet ke va che tao c hoan thien da tren c s s dung thong tin va d lieu cua qua trnh CAD trc tiep trong thu tuc CAM. Nh vay tranh c s hnh thanh mot cach oc lap cac d lieu cho chng trnh cua may tnh trong lnh vc san xuat. Mo hnh cong cu CAD/CAM (hnh 1 4): CAD Mo hnh hoa hnh hoc C S D LIEU TRUNG TAM CUA HE THONG CAD/CAM CAM
LAP KE HOA CH SAN XUAT
Tnh toan phan tch, thiet ke toi u
Ve, soan tai lieu ky thuat Hnh 1 - 4
IEU KHIE N QUA TRNH SA N XUAT
7
Moi quan he CAD/CAM va t ong hoa san xuat the hie n tren hnh 1- 5 la phan giao gia 5 phan: Cong cu thiet ke
CAD/CAM
Hnh 1- 5 Cong cu san xuat Mo hnh hnh hoc Khai niem o hoa may tnh h Min Chi P. Ho
Mang lam viec
uat T y th, he thong cung cap vat lieu va nh ng - Mang lam viec la cac he thong to chc sanKxuat pham cong viec thc hien tren san may, x nghieu . H Sp ng D TruoCNC , Robot cong nghiep . - Cong cu san xuaignh may t ht opyr C - Cong cu thiet ke nh may tnh, may ve va cac phan men ng dung.
- Mo hnh hnh hoc la nhng thc the hnh hoc c s, c s dun g tren ban ve ky thuat hay tren man hnh may tnh nh: iem (Point) c mo ta bi gia tr toa o ng cong (Curve), bao gom ca oan thang (Line) c mo ta bang chuoi iem hoac phng trnh. Mat cong (Surface), bao gom ca mat (Face) c mo ta bi tap hp iem (hoac li ng cong), hoac phng trnh. Khoi (Solid) c nh ngha bi cac mat cong bao quanh. He CAD/CAM ky thuat a c ng dung cho c kh t mot vai nam trc trong mot so lnh vc trong cong nghiep hang khong. He tch hp CAD/CAM a co Viet Nam la CIMATRON, MASTERCAM, PROENGINEER, DELCAM, ANPHACAM, VISI. e anh gia c tam quan trong cua CAD/CAM trong chu ky san xuat chung ta nen phan tch cac pham vi hoat ong khac nhau va chc nang tng ng e thc hie n viec nghien c u va che tao san pham. Cac the loai cong viec va chc nang cua chung trong chu ky san xuat c the hien tren hnh 1- 6. Chu ky nay hoat ong theo nhu cau cua khach hang va th trn g tieu thu. Chu ky san xuat co the thay oi tuy theo ye u cau cua khach hang.
Trong o :
8
Co trng hp cong viec thiet ke la do khach hang thc hien cho nen nha may ch co nhiem vu che tao san pham a c thiet ke o. Trng hp th hai la nha may am nhan luon ca cong viec thiet ke va che tao san pham. Tuy nhien neu tong quat ma noi th eu xuat phat t y o tao ra san pham mi. Da vao y o tao ra san pham o mi thiet ke san pham, hoan tat ban ve . Tren ban ve san pham phai neu ro cac yeu cau ky thuat can phai am bao trong qua trnh che tao. Tren c s cac ban ve chi tiet phai lap quy trnh co ng nghe che tao san pham va lap ke hoach san xuat. e che tao san pham phai lap nhu cau ve trang thiet b cong nghe va cac dung cu can thiet. Ke hoach san xuat phai ch ro thi gian va san lng xuat xng trong thi gian a nh. Tiep theo la cong oan a vao san xuat, che tao xong phai tien hanh kiem tra va th nghiem san pham, cuoi cung la ban giao cho khach han g. Trong giai oan thiet ke san pham mi, ap dung may tnh ien t cho phep t ong hoa thiet ke, in cac ban ve va tai lieu ky thuat.
Ve bang may Chi M tnh H P. to T uatien
T ong hoa thiet ke
inh
Khai niem san pham mi
ight opyr C
ng D Truo
H Su
y th am K ph
Thiet ke san pham
Ve chi tiet
Nhu cau th trng
Nhu cau trang thiet b mi
Ke hoach hoa qua trnh san xuat
T ong hoa ke hoach hoa qua trnh san xuat
Kiem tra chat lng
San xuat san pham
Lap bieu o san xuat
T ong hoa kiem tra chat lng
Trang thiet b ieu khien
Ve bieu o, lap nhu cau nguyen vat lieu
Hnh 1- 6
9
Giai oan chuan b cong nghe, ngha la thiet ke quy trnh con g nghe va lap bieu o san xuat vi s tr giup cua may tnh ien t . Ngoai ra may tnh ien t con co the ap du ng ie u khien qua trnh che tao chi tiet dung tay may, cac may ieu khien theo chng trnh so (CNC). Cong oan cuoi cun g la kiem tra va th nghiem cung co the t ong hoa nh may tnh ien t. Qua ay ta thay he thong CAD/CAM ong vai tro quan trong trong nen san xuat hien ai trong tng lai, va ac biet la cac lnh vc chuyen mon hoa cao, chang han nh viec thiet ke va che tao cac ban mach in th kieu lien ket nay c s dung ngay cang manh. T hnh 1 -6 ro rang CAD/CAM bao tren hau het cac dang hoat ong va chc nang cua chu ky san xuat. Trong cong oan thiet ke va che tao cac nha may hien ai, ky thuat tnh toan phai phat huy tac dung va la nhu cau khong the thieu c.
II. Tong quan ve may cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so (may CNC)
cac may cat thong thng, viec ieu khien cac chuyen ong cung nh thay oi van toc cua cac bo phan may eu c thc hien bang tay. Vi cach ieu khien nay, thi gian h phu kha ln, nen khong the nang cao nang suat lao ong. Min Chi . Ho e giam thi gian phu, can thiet tien han h t ongahoaPqua trnh ieu khien. Trong san u tT th xuat hang khoi, han g loat ln, t lau ngi ta dung y am K phng phap gia cong t ong vi viec t ph ong hoa qua trnh ieu khien bangDH c u u ty, bang mau chep hnh, bang cam tren truc ca S va ng phan phoi... ac iem cuat cacruo i may t ong nay la rut ngan c thi gian phu, nhng T loa gh thi gian chuan b opyri t qua dai (nh thi gian thiet ke va che tao cam, thi gian ieu C san xua chnh may ...). Nhc iem nay la khong ang ke neu nh san xuat vi khoi lng l n. Trai lai, vi lng san xuat nho, mat hang thay oi thng xuyen, loai may t ong nay tr nen khong kinh te. Do o can phai tm ra phng phap ieu khien mi. Yeu cau nay c thc hien vi viec ieu khien theo chng trnh so. ac iem quan trong cua viec t ong hoa qua trnh gia cong tren cac may CNC la am bao cho may co tnh van nang cao. ieu o cho phep gia cong nhieu loai chi tiet, phu hp vi dang san xuat hang loat nho va hang loat va, ma tren 70% san pham cua nganh che tao may c che tao trong ieu kien o. May cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so viet tat la may NC (Numerical Control) la may t ong ieu khien (vai hoat ong hoac toan bo hoat ong), trong o cac hanh ong ieu khien c san sinh tren c s cung cap cac d lieu dang: LENH. Cac LENH hp thanh chng trnh lam viec. Chng trnh lam viec nay c ghi len mot c cau mang chng trnh di dang MA SO. C cau mang chng trnh co the la BANG OT LO, BAN G T, hoac chnh BO NH MAY TNH. Cac the he au, may NC con s dung cac cap logic trong he thong. Phng phap ieu khien theo iem va oan thang (hnh 1-7a va hnh 1-7b), tc la khon g co quan he ham so gia cac chuyen ong theo toa o. Viec ieu khien con mang tnh cng nen chng trnh n gian va cung ch gia cong c nhng chi tiet n gian nh gia cong lo, gia cong cac ng thang song song vi cac chuyen ong ma may co. Cac the he sau, trong he thong ieu khie n cua may NC a c cai at cac cum vi tnh, cac bo vi s ly va viec ie u khien luc nay phan ln hoac hoan toan mem. Phng phap 10
ieu khien theo ng bien (hnh2.1c), tc la co moi quan he ham so gia cac chuyen ong theo hng cac toa o. Cac may NC nay c goi la CNC (Computer Numerical Control). Chng trnh c soan thao t m hn va co the gia cong c nhng chi tiet co hnh dang rat phc tap. Hien nay cac may CNC a c dung pho bien. 1. Lch s phat trien cua may CNC Nam 1947, John Parsons nay ra y tng ap dung ieu khien t ong vao qua trnh che tao canh quat may bay trc thang My. Trc o, viec gia cong va kiem tra bien dan g cua canh quat phai dung cac mau chep hnh, s dung dn g, do o rat lau va khong kinh te. Y nh dung ba xuyen lo e doa cac lo bang cach cho tn hieu e ieu khien hai ban dao, a giup Parsons phat trien he thong Digital cua ong. Vi ket qua nay, nam 1949, ong ky hp ong vi USAF ( US Air Force) nham che tao mot loai may cat theo bien dang t ong. Parsons yeu cau tr giu p e s dung pho ng th nghiem ieu khien t ong cua Vien Cong Nghe Massachusetts (M.I.T.) ni c chnh phu My tai tr e che tao mot loai may phay 3 toa o ieu khien bang ban g chng trnh so. h Min Sau 5 nam nghien cu, J. Parsons a hoan chnh he thong ieui khien may phay va lan Ch o au tien trong nam 1954, M.I.T. a s dung ten goi May TP. H NC. uat y th Trong nhng nam 60, thi gian a chn am iKcho viec phat trien va ng dung cac may mu u ph NC. Rat nhieu thanh vien cua nganh DH g nghiep hang khong My a nhanh chong ng dung, conS uong phat trien va a san sinhht the he may mi (CNC) cho phep phay cac bien dang phc tap, ra Tr rig tao hnh vi hai, ba opy c bon va nam truc (ba tnh tien va hai quay). C hoa Cac nc chau Au va Nhat Ban phat trien co cham hn mot vai nam, nhng cung co nhng ac iem rieng, chang nhn g ve mat ky thuat, ma ca ve ket cau nh ket cau truc chnh, c cau cha dao, he thong cap dao v.v... T o en nay, hang loat may CNC ra i vi u chung loai va phat trien khong ngng. S phat trien o da vao thanh tu cua cac nganh: may tnh ien t, ien t cong nghie p va ieu khien t ong ... Nhat la trong thap nie n 90, may CNC a oi mi nhanh chong cha tng co trong lanh vc t ong. 2. ac trng c ban cu a may CNC a) Tnh nang t ong cao May CNC co nang suat cat got cao va giam c toi a thi gian phu, do mc o t ong c nan g cao vt bac. Tuy tn g mc o t ong, may CNC co the thc hie n cun g mot luc nhieu chuyen ong khac nhau, co the t ong thay dao, hieu chnh sai so dao cu, t ong kiem tra kch thc chi tiet va qua o t ong hieu chnh sai lech v tr tng oi gia dao va chi tiet, t ong ti nguoi, t ong hut phoi ra khoi khu vc cat b) Tnh nang linh hoat cao Chng trnh co the thay oi de dang va nhanh chong, thch ng vi cac loai chi tiet khac nhau. Do o rut ngan c thi gian phu va thi gian chuan b san xuat, tao ieu kie n thuan li cho viec t ong hoa san xuat hang loat nho.
11
Bat c luc nao cung co the san xuat nhanh chong nhn g chi tiet a co chng trnh. V the, khong can phai san xuat chi tiet d tr, ma ch gi lay chng trnh cua chi tiet o. May CNC gia cong c nhng chi tiet nho, va, phan ng mot cach linh hoat khi nhiem vu cong nghe thay oi va ieu quan trong nhat la viec lap trnh gia cong co the thc hien ngoai may, trong cac van phong co s ho tr cua ky thuat tin hoc thong qua cac thiet b vi tnh, vi s ly ... c) Tnh nan g tap trung nguyen cong a so cac may CNC co the thc hien so lng ln cac nguyen co ng khac nhau ma khong can thay oi v tr ga at cua chi tiet. T kha nang tap trung cac nguyen cong, cac may CNC a c phat trien thanh cac trung tam gia cong CNC. d) Tnh nang chnh xac, am bao chat lng cao Giam c h hong do sai sot cua con ngi. ong thi cung giam c cng o chu y cua con ngi khi lam viec. Co kha nang gia cong chnh xac hang loat. o chnh xac lap laii,Mah trng cho mc o in c Ch y CNC. on nh trong suot qua trnh gia cong la iem u viet tuyet oi. cua ma P Ho uat T th May CNC vi he thong ieu khien khep m Ky kha nang gia cong c nhng chi tiet a kn co ph chnh xac ca ve hnh dang en kch thSu Nhng ac iem nay thuan tien cho viec lap lan, DH c. ng giam kha nang ton that phoi lieruo mc thap nhat. t T u h yrig e) Gia con g Cop dang phc tap bien May CNC la may duy nhat co the gia cong chnh xac va nhanh cac chi tiet co hnh dang phc tap nh cac be mat 3 chieu. f) Tnh nang hieu qua kinh te va ky thuat cao - Cai thien tuoi ben dao nh ieu kien cat toi u. Tiet kiem dung cu cat got, o ga va cac phu tung khac. - Giam phe pham. - Tiet kiem tien thue m n lao ong do kho ng can ye u cau ky nang nghe nghiep nhng nang suat gia cong cao hn. - S du ng lai chng trnh gia cong. - Giam thi gian san xuat. - Thi gian s dung may nhie u hn nh vao giam thi gian dn g may. - Giam thi gian kiem tra v may CNC san xuat chi tiet chat lng ong nhat. - CNC co the thay oi nhanh chong t viec gia cong loai chi tiet nay sang loai khac vi thi gian chuan b thap nhat. Tuy nhien may CNC khong phai khong co nhng han che. Di ay la mot so han che: - S au t ban au cao: Nhc iem ln nhat trong viec s dung may CNC la tien von au t ban au cao cung vi chi ph lap at.
12
- Ye u cau bao dn g cao: May CNC la thiet b ky thuat cao va he thong c kh, ien cua no rat phc tap. e may gia cong c chnh xac can thng xuye n bao d ng. Ngi bao dng phai tinh thong ca ve c va ien. - Hieu qua thap vi nhng chi tiet n gian. 3. Mo hnh khai quat cua mot may CNC Phan ieu khien Phan chap hanh Phoi - Chuyen on g - Van toc Cac c cau ieu khien
Chng trnh ieu khien
Ban phm ieu khien - K tay - K t ong
H Su ng D uo Tn hieut Tr Man hnh igh yr Cop
- Vy th tr am K ph
P. uat T
h Ho C
May cat nh i Mi kim loai
- Bao loi
Chi tiet gia cong
May gom hai phan chnh: a) Phan ieu khien: Gom chng trnh ie u khien va cac c cau ieu khien. - Chng trnh ieu khien: La tap hp cac tn hieu (goi la lenh c trnh bay ky chng II) e ie u khien may, c ma hoa di dang ch cai, so va mot so ky hieu khac nh dau co ng, tr, dau cham, gach nghie ng ... Chng trnh nay c ghi len c cau mang chng trnh di dang ma so (cu the la ma thap - nh phan nh bang uc lo, ma nh phan nh bo nh cua may tnh) - Cac c cau ieu khien: Nhan tn hieu t c cau oc chng trnh, thc hien cac phep bien oi can thiet e co c tn hieu phu hp vi ieu kien hoat ong cua c cau chap hanh, ong thi kiem tra s hoat ong cua chung thong qua cac tn hieu c gi ve t cac cam bien lien he ngc. Bao gom cac c cau oc, c cau giai ma, c cau chuyen oi, bo x ly tn hieu, c cau noi suy, c cau so sanh, c cau khuyech ai, c cau o hanh trnh, c cau o van toc, , bo nh va cac thiet b xuat nhap tn hieu. ay la thiet b ien ien t rat phc tap, ong vai tro cot yeu trong he thong ieu khien cua may NC. Viec tm hieu nguyen ly cau tao cua cac thiet b nay oi hoi co kien thc t cac giao trnh chuyen nganh khac, cho nen ay ch gii thieu khai quat. b) Phan chap hanh: Gom may cat kim loai va mot so c cau phuc vu van e t ong hoa nh cac c cau tay may, o cha dao, boi trn, ti trn, hut thoi phoi, cap phoi ...
13
Cung nh cac loai may cat kim loai khac, ay la bo phan trc tiep tham gia cat got kim loai e tao hnh chi tiet. Tuy theo kha nang cong nghe cua loai may ma co cac bo phan : Hop toc o, hop chay dao, than may, song trc, ban may, truc chnh, o cha dao, cac tay may ... Ket cau tn g bo phan chnh chu yeu nh may van nang thong thng, nhng co mot vai khac biet nho e am bao qua trnh ieu khien t ong c on nh, chnh xac, nan g suat va ac biet la m rong kha nang cong nghe cua may. - Ho p toc o: Pham vi ieu chnh toc o ln, thng la truyen ong vo cap, trong o s dung cac ly hp ien t e thay oi toc o c de dang. - Hop chay dao: Co nguon dan ong rieng, thng la cac ong c bc. Trong xch truyen o ng, s dung cac phng phap kh khe h cua cac bo truyen nh vt me ai oc bi... - Than may cng vng, ket cau hp ly e de thai phoi, ti trn, de thay dao t ong. Nhieu may co o cha dao, tay may thay dao t ong, co thiet b t ong hieu chnh khi dao b mon ... h Min Trong cac may CNC co the s dung cac dang ieu khien Ho Chnghi khac nhau bao am thch i P. mot hoac nhieu thong so toi u nh cac thanh phan lthcat, T t o cat, o bong be mat, che c ua t nhie Ky o cat toi u, o on, o rung ... pham H Su ng D 4. Cac phng phap ieu khien uo Tr ight yr Cop
a)
Hnh 1 - 7 Cac phng phap ieu khie n b)
hoac
c)
- ieu khien ie n (hay ieu khien theo v tr) c dung e gia cong cac lo bang cac phng phap khoan, khoet, doa va cat ren lo. ay chi tiet gia cong c ga co nh tre n ban may, dung cu cat thc hien chay dao nhanh en cac v tr a lap trnh. Khi at ti cac iem ch dao bat au cat (hnh 1-7a), tuy nhien cung co trng hp dao khong dch chuye n 14
ma ban may dch chuyen. muc ch chnh can at la cac kch thc v tr cua cac lo phai chnh xac, con qu ao chuye n on g la cua dao hay cua ban may ieu khong co y ngha lam. V tr cua cac lo co the c ieu khien ong thi theo hai truc hoac ieu khien ke tiep nhau. - ieu khien ng thang (hnh1-7b) la dang ieu khien ma khi gia cong dung cu cat thc hien lng chay dao theo mot ng thang nao o song song vi mot truc toa o. Dang ieu khien nay c dung cho cac may phay va may tien n gian. - ieu khien theo ng vien (theo contour, hnh 1-7c) cho phep thc hien chay dao tren nhieu truc cung luc. Tuy theo so truc c ieu khien ong thi khi gia cong ngi ta phan biet: ieu khien ng vie n 2D, ieu khien ng vien 2.5D va ieu khie n ng vien 3D, 4D, 5D. ieu khien n g vien 2D cho phe p thc hien chay dao theo hai truc ong thi trong mot mat phang gia cong, v du, trong mat phang XZ hoac XY tren hnh 1-8a. Truc th ba c ieu khie n hoan toan oc lap vi hai truc kia. nh i Mi Chthi theo hai truc nao o ieu khien n g vien 2.5D (hnh 1-8b) cho phep an dao Ho ng o TP. huat tTren may CNC co 3 truc X, Y, Z ta se e gia cong be mat trong mot mat phang nhat nh. y mK ieu khien c ong thi X va Y; X va Z u pha Y va Z. hoac HS ng D uo Tr ight yr Cop a) b)
Hnh 1-8
ieu khien ng vien 3D cho phep ong thi chay dao theo ca 3 truc X, Y, Z. Ca ba truc chuyen ong hoa hp vi nhau hay co quan he rang buoc ham so, (hnh 1-9). Ta thay ng vien c gia cong do ca 3 lng chay dao theo truc X, Y, Z tao thanh. ieu khien ng vien 3D c ng dung e gia cong cac khuon mau, gia cong cac chi tiet co be mat khong phc tap.
Hnh 1-9
15
ieu khien 4D (hnh 1-10a)va ieu khien 5D (hnh 1-10b): Ngoai cac truc tnh tien X, Y va Z ay con cac truc quay cung c ieu khien so. Nh ieu khien 4D va 5D ngi ta co the gia cong cac chi tiet phc tap nh cac khuon ren dap, cac khuon uc ap lc hoac cac canh tuabin.
Hnh 1-10a ieu khien ng vien 4D. 5. He truc toa o tre n may CNC
Hnh 1-10b ieu khien ng vien 5D.
uat T Theo tieu chuan ISO, cac chuyen ong cat goy khi gia cong chi tiet tren may CNC phai t th K ham nan trong mot he truc toa o Descarte H Su p theo nguyen tac ban tay phai. Trong o co ba chuye n ng D ong tnh tien theo cac truc va baochuyen ong quay theo cac truc tng ng. Tru ight opyr C
Chi P. Ho
Min
- Truc Z tng ng vi phng truc chnh cua may CNC, chieu dng la chieu lam tang khoang cach gia dao va chi tiet gia cong. Chieu quay dng cung chie u kim ong ho (nhn t goc toa o). - Truc X tng ng chuyen ong tnh tien ln nhat cua may CNC. V du tren may phay la chuyen ong chay dao doc, tre n may tien la chuyen ong chay dao ngang. Chieu dng la chieu lam tang khoang cach gia dao va chi tiet. - Truc Y hnh thanh vi hai truc tren trong he truc toa o. V du tren may phay chnh la chuyen o ng chay dao ngang cua ban may, tren may tien khong co truc nay. Lu y khi xet he truc toa o cua may CNC phai coi nh chi tiet ng yen, co n dao chuyen o ng theo cac phng cua he truc toa o. He truc toa o cua may CNC c at vao cac loai chuan c ban sau:
16
M (Machine Point): Chuan may. May se o lng t v tr nay en cac v tr khac khi lam viec. Khong the thay oi. R (Reference Point): Chuan quy chieu cua may, dung e ong kn kho ng gian lam viec cua may. Khong the thay oi. T (Tool Offset): Chuan dao. e xac nh v tr dao cat sau khi a lap dao vao o dao. Khong the thay oi. W ( Work Point): Chuan chi tiet. Dung lam goc cua he toa o lam viec trong qua trnh gia cong. Co the thay oi theo y muon cua ngi cong nghe. Chuan nay chnh la chuan cong nghe v vay phai c chon trong khong gian lam viec cua may. P ( Program Point): Chuan thao chng. Dun g lam goc cua he toa o trong qua trnh soan thao chng trnh. Co the thay oi theo y muon cua ngi lap trnh. Chuan nay nen trung vi chuan thiet ke tre n ban ve chi tiet.
h Min Chi . Ho - oc hieu ban ve chi tiet: Hnh dang, o chnhhuac, TP bong va vat lieu. xa t o yt am K - Chon phoi, chon may va cach gaSlaph u p. DH g ruon - Chon tien trnh cong nghe hp ly. Chon dao va xac nh che o cat got cho tng tT h bc cong nghe. Laopyrig u nguyen cong. C p phie
a) Nghien cu cong nghe gia cong chi tiet b) Thiet ke quy ao cat - Lap quy ao chuyen o ng cua dao that chi tiet, hp ly va chnh xac. - Tnh toan toa o cua cac iem chuyen tiep tren quy ao chuye n on g cua dao. V du phay: Phoi
6. Cac bc thc hien gia co ng tre n may CNC
Quy ao chuyen ong cua dao 7 8 6
iem chuyen tiep Quy ao chuyen ong cua dao
Dao cat 5 1 2 3 4 ng bao chi tiet Chi tiet gia cong 17

Tren hnh quy ao chuye n ong cua dao phay la quy ao chuye n ong cua iem tam va mat au dao phay. e xac nh quy ao chuyen ong o, khon g phai bien dang cat got nao cung xac nh de dang ma ch gap nhng bien dang song song vi cac toa o cua may CNC ma thoi. Trn g hp oi vi cac bien dang phc tap hn (2D hoac 2,5D) ngi lap trnh co the dung bien cua chi tiet yeu cau lam quy ao chuyen ong cua dao nhng luc nay phai hieu chnh ban knh dao phay. Van e hieu chnh ban knh dao nh the nao cho bien dan g c cat got ra cho ung, ky thuat lap trnh NC se giai quyet chng sau. oi vi cac be mat gia cong phc tap hn (3D, 4D hoac 5D) quy ao chuyen ong cua dao phay phai c xac nh nh tr giup cua may tnh va cac phan mem chuyen dung. * V du tien: X Toa o cac iem chuyen tiep Quy ao cat tho Quy ao cat tinh h Min Chi P. Ho Z uat T h Phoi
ight opyr C
ng D Truo
H Su
yt am K ph
Chi tiet
Dao tien luon luon co ban knh cong R mui dao. e gia cong chnh xac, ta phai quan tam en kch thc nay. Khi chng trnh ch th dao tien en toa o cac iem chuye n tiep th iem o dao se en cac toa o o, v vay khi gia cong nhng ng cong hoac nghien g (khong song song vi hai chuyen ong chay dao cua may tien) se gap phai sai so. e khac phuc sai so o phai hieu chnh ban knh mui dao. V du: e tien tinh bien dan g (0-1-2-3-4-5) cua mot chi tiet, hnh ve di minh hoa cho thay neu khong hieu chnh ban knh mui dao, bien dang chi tiet sau gia cong se mac phai sai so.
Quy ao tam mui dao
XT
4 3
Quy ao tam mui dao khi co hieu chnh ban knh mui dao
Dao 2
1 Bien dang dao cat c
Sai so Bien dang chi tiet
0
iem o dao
R ZT
Chi tiet gia cong
18
V tr o dao la iem noi cua hai phng o theo toa o cua may tien CNC (Z T va XT). Khi chng trnh ch th dao e n cac iem chuyen tiep tren bien cat cua chi tiet (0-1-2-3-4-5) th iem o dao se en cac v tr (0-1-2-3-4-5). Nh vay tre n hnh thay rat ro iem 1, 2, 3 cua chi tiet khong nam tre n li cat khi mui dao co ban knh cong R. Ket qua bien dang chi tiet sau khi cat se mac phai sai so (oan co tuyen anh). e xac nh c v tr o dao, ngi ta dung c cau o dao sau khi a lap dao vao c cau mang dao. V du mot c cau o dao:
u ph DH S g c) Lap chng trnh ieu ruon n NC khie tT righ ay la bcopy trong nhat e gia cong c tren may CNC. Co hai phng phap C quan lap trnh :
- Phng phap lap trnh thu cong (Manual Programming): La phng phap lap trnh khong co s tr giup cua may tnh, ngi lap trnh co the t bie n soan chng trnh NC tre n c s nhan dang hoan toan chnh xac toa o chay dao. Kha nang lap trnh thu cong c coi la yeu cau c ban oi vi ngi lap trnh NC, bi v co ky nang lap trnh nay, ngi lap trnh mi co kha nang hieu, kha nang oc va sa oi chng trnh khi trc tiep van han h may CNC. Phan ln cac phan mem lap trnh NC la san pham cua chnh nha san xuat he ieu khien, thng cung cap kem theo may CNC. Kha nang lap trnh cua nhng phan mem nay noi chung rat han che. Phan ln ch co kha nang lap trnh cho nhng quy ao cat 2D; 2,5D n gian va chu trnh gia cong c ban . Phng phap lap trnh nay co the kiem tra bien dang cat bang cach mo phon g tre n may tnh vi phan mem NC hoac trc tiep tren he ieu khien cua may CNC. e truyen chng trnh NC vao he ieu khien may ta co the thc hien bang hai cach: C1. Nhap t vat mang tin trung gian nh ba uc lo, bang uc lo, bang t, a t
PHONG THIET KE Ban ve YCKT PHONG CONG NGHE LAP TRNH Hnh hoc & cong nghe Vat mang tin XN G MAY
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
BAN VE
MAY NC/CNC
19
C2 . Nhap t panel ieu khien theo che o MDI (Manual Data Input) tren may CNC
Ban ve
BAN VE
YCKT
MAY NC/CNC
Hau het cac c s san xuat s dung may NC/CNC ket hp hai cach tren e lap trnh. Phng phap ghi chng trnh tren bang uc lo, bang t hien nay ch con s dung cho cac the he may NC cu. - Phng phap lap trnh t ong (Automatically Programming): La phng phap lap trnh nh s tr giup cua may tnh. Phng phap lap trnh nay bang ngon ng x ly hnh hoc (APT Automatically Programmed Tool) hoac phan mem CAD/CAM tch hp nh cong cu tr giup e chuyen oi t ong d lieu hnh hoc va d lieu cong nghe thanh chng trnh NC. h Min Chi Ngay nay phng phap lap trnh bang cac phan mem Ho CAD/CAM a c s dung P. uat T gia cong mat cong phc tap. kha pho bien va rat co hieu qua, ac biet cho cac trng hp y th am K u ph DH S CONG NGHE PHONG THIET KE g PHONG XN G MAY ruon tT PHAN MEM CAD/CAM igh yr MAY CNC Cop NGON NG XLHH Chng Chng PHAN MEM NC DNC trnh NC trnh NC D lieu HH va CN
Post-processing Nha p thong so CN (MDI)
d) Kiem tra chng trnh ieu khien NC Chng trnh sau khi soan thao can phai kiem tra, hieu chnh. ay cung la khau quan trong trc khi gia cong tren may. Co hai cach kiem tra nh sau : - Kiem tra thu cong: Do chng trnh bang mat va ve ra chi tiet gia con g bang tay. Cach nay thc hien khi ieu kie n may tnh va phan mem khong co. - Kiem tra bang may tnh: Chng trnh soan thao c nhap vao may tnh, cho chay mo phong tren phan mem phu hp. Da tren quy ao chuyen ong cua dao va hnh dang chi tiet hnh thanh ma sa oi chng trnh hay dao cat, che o cat ... Cac phan mem CAD/CAM eu co chc nang kiem tra va mo phong tre n phan mem. e) ieu chnh may CNC ay la cong viec lam sao cho may CNC biet c chi tiet gia cong c at au tren may va dung cu cat co knh thc ra sao ? Hay noi cach khac, muon gia cong c chnh xac th chuoi kch thc cong nghe cua he thong cong nghe (bao gom: May - Dao - Ga - Chi tiet) phai c khep kn. Co ngha la:
n
Ki 0
i 1
Trong o:
20
Ki - Cac kch thc trong chuoi kch thc cong nghe n - So khau trong chuoi kch thc cong nghe Khi thiet ke va che tao mot may CNC, ngi ta a xac nh cho may mot iem chuan o lng. iem chuan o co the co nh tai mot v tr nhng cu ng co the khon g co nh tu y vao he ieu khien va cau truc cua may. Khi gia cong chi tiet tren may CNC, viec chuan b cong nghe (trong o co ga lap, dung cu cat) va chng trnh ieu khien c thc hien ben ngoai may CNC. Vay khi noi ket chung lai (May Dao Ga Chi tiet) phai tuan theo mot chuoi kch thc cong nghe khe p kn. Luc o may CNC mi ieu khien gia cong theo chuan cua no mot cach chnh xac c. V du ve moi quan he gia cac chuan tren he toa o may tien CNC:
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
ZM ZM o lech gia chuan may va chuan thay dao theo phng Z. May a biet. ZW o lech gia chuan may va chuan chi tiet theo phng Z. Ngi gia cong phai xac nh va bao cho may biet. Z1 Toa o Z cua iem 1 do ngi lap trnh soan thao trong chng trnh. R Ban knh cua mui dao tien. Ngi gia cong phai bao cho may biet. ZT o lech gia chuan dao vi v tr o dao sau khi lap dao vao c cau mang dao theo phng Z. Ngi gia cong phai xac nh va bao cho may biet. Zo Khoang cach di chuyen cua dao t v tr thay dao ti v tr chuan b gia con g theo phng Z. May t tnh toan khi chuoi kch thc cong nghe c kep kn. Z0 = Z M Z W Z 1 R Z T Tng t nh vay cho phng X. e thc hien c cong viec ieu chnh may CNC, ta phai:
21
- Chuan b phoi, dao cat va o ga. o ga c co nh trong khong gian gia cong tren ban may (phai c ra vuong goc hoac song song vi cac phng chuyen o ng cua may). - nh v va ke p chat phoi tren o ga. - Thc hien cac bc Van hanh may cho t ng may CNC cu the. f) Gia cong chi tiet tren may CNC - a chng trnh gia cong ra man hnh ieu khie n, kiem tra lai chng trnh mot lan na va ac biet phai kiem tra cac ng chay dao khong cat that ky. - Gia cong. 7. Hnh thc to chc gia cong tren may CNC a) Lap trnh thu cong, nhap chng trnh trc tiep len may CNC
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
22
b) Lap trnh thu cong, nhap chng trnh bang bang ot lo. c) Lap trnh t ong, nhap chng trnh bang bang uc lo.
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Ba hnh thc to chc tren thuoc the he cac may NC cu. Cac the he nay ch co kha nang nhap d lieu qua cong oc bang. f) Lap trnh t ong va ieu khien so trc tiep (DNC Direct Numerical Control)
23
ph H Su Phng thc truyen thongophoDbien nhat hien nay gia may NC/CNC va may tnh la g ru n s dung chuan truyen d ht uTRS-232-C. Cac the he may CNC mi eu c trang b cong lie yrig Co giao tiep nay. Ngoaipcong RS-232-C, mot so may CNC con c trang b ca cong oc ban g cho nhng trng hp x dung can thiet.
Giao dien DNC c s dung e ket noi may CNC co cong RS-232-C. Ngoai viec cho phep tai d lieu ve may CNC, giao dien DNC cho phep kha nang gi thong tin t may CNC ve may tnh chu nh chng trnh gia cong a c kiem tra va cac thong tin lien quan khac nh chng trnh cai at dao, cai at chuan Co the ket noi trc tiep may CNC co co ng giao tiep RS-232-C vi he thong DNC khong can bat ky thiet b giao tiep ngoai vi nao. Tuy nhien phng thc ket noi trc tiep nay co nhn g han che la khong co kha nang truy xuat cac chc nang ieu khien cua mang va khong the thc hien cac chc nang khac trong thi gian truyen d lieu vi may CNC ket noi trc tiep. g) Lap trnh t ong va ieu khien so phan phoi e at c mang truyen tho ng dien rong, ngoai phng thc ieu khien trc tiep tren (s dung mot may tnh chu), hien nay ngi ta con dung man g DNC. Mang DNC la phng thc ieu khien so phan phoi, co ngha s dung mang may tnh e at c man g truyen tho ng dien rong trong x nghie p san xuat. He thong ieu khie n DNC co kha nang ie u khien nhieu may CNC vi cac chc nang: Quan ly chng trnh am bao an toan oi vi viec truy nhap va hieu chnh d lieu Phan phoi d lieu hai chieu gia cac may tnh va may CNC
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
24
Kha nang tng thch vi may CNC cua nhieu nha san xuat Kha nang quan ly d lieu ve he thong dung cu, o ga Thu thap d lieu ieu han h va quan ly Tch hp vi cac he thong CAD/CAM
V du mot cau hnh mang DNC:

PHONG KY THUAT PHONG KINH DOANH
Tram CAD
Tram CAM
Tram 1
Tram 2
Cong noi
Cong noi
May CNC 1 May CNC 2
Tram CNC
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
PLC
uat T
C P. Ho
in hi M
ng truyen
25
CHNG 2
LAP TRNH THU CONG (LAP TRNH NC)
I. Cau truc chng trnh NC
1. a ch lenh 2. Lenh 3. Khoi lenh
II. Phng thc lap trnh
- Phng thc lap trnhotuyet oi u Tr ight thcr - Phng Copy lap trnh tng oi
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
III. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC

1. C s lap trnh phay NC 2. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC 3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem phay mo phong 4. V du lap trnh mo phong
IV. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC

1. C s lap trnh tien NC 2. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC 3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem tien mo phong 4. V du lap trnh mo phong
25
CHNG 2
LAP TRNH THU CON G
I. Cau truc chng trnh NC
Mot chng trnh (Program) NC gom nhieu khoi lenh (Block), mot cau lenh co the co t mot lenh en nhieu lenh (Word), mot lenh gom mot a ch (Address) va nhng con so. V du mot chng trnh:
% 400 N10 G90 N30 T1 S1000 M4 N40 G0 X97. Z2. N50 G1 X99. Z-0.5 F0.2 N60 G1 Z-30. N70 G0 X102. Z0. N80 G0 Z0. N90 G1 X-2. N95 G0 X200. Z200. N100 M5 N110 T2 S1000 M4 N120 G0 X0. Z2. ng Truo N130 G83 Z-120. D5. ht F0.2 H13 yrig N140 G0 X200. p Co Z200. N150 M5 N440 T4 S1000 M4 N445 G0 X88. Z2. N450 G41 N460 G1 X80. Z-2. F0.1 N470 G1 X68.6 Z-21.12 N480 G3 X60. Z-30. R6. N490 G1 X46. N500 G1 X42. Z-32. N510 G1 X42. Z-56. N520 G1 X40. Z-56. N530 G1 X40. Z-120. N535 G40 N540 G0 X38. N550 G0 Z200. N560 M5 N570 M2 Ky hieu m au chng trnh (co the co hoac khong)
Th t khoi lenh
DH S
ph uKhoi lenh
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
a ch: G Lenh Con so: 41
Lenh ket thuc chng trnh
Chng trnh co hai loai: chng trnh chnh (main program) va chng trnh con (subprogram). Tien trnh ie u khien c thc hien theo chng trnh chnh. Khi xuat hie n lenh goi chng trnh con trong chng trnh chnh, tien trnh ieu khien c chuyen ti chng trnh con. en khi le nh ket thuc chng trnh con c khai bao, tien trnh ieu khie n c tra ve chng trnh chnh. Cau truc cua hai loai chng trnh nay giong nhau, co ngha phai nhan biet c s bat au va ket thuc cua chng trnh.
26
V du:
Khoi lenh 1 Khoi lenh 2 Khoi lenh n: Goi chng trnh con Khoi lenh n+1: Ket thuc chng trnh chnh
Khoi lenh 1 Khoi lenh 2 Khoi lenh m: Ket thuc chng trnh con
1. a ch lenh a ch lenh la tat ca cac ch cai, ch th v tr lu tr d lieu so theo sau. Theo tieu chuan ISO, a ch lenh co y ngha sau: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P, Q, R U, V, W S T - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc X. uat T y th K - nh v tr goc quay quanh truam h c Y. Su p DH - nh v tr goTruong quanh truc Z. c quay ight - nhyv tr goc quay quanh truc ac biet hoac hieu chnh dao. op r C - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc ac biet. - Toc o chay dao (Feed). - Chc nan g chuan b (Preparatory functions) - D tr - Toa o X cua tam ng tron hoac bc ren tre n truc X. - Toa o Y cua tam ng tron hoac bc ren tren truc Y. - Toa o Z cua tam ng tron hoac bc ren tren truc Z. - D tr. - Chc nang phu (Auxiliary Functions) - Th t cau lenh. - Tham so - Toa o phu tng ng chuyen ong X, Y, Z - Toc o vong truc chnh ( Speed) hoac toc o cat. - Dung cu cat (Tool).
Chi P. Ho
Min
X, Y, Z - Toa o theo cac truc X, Y, Z.
27
2. Lenh La tap hp cac ky t (gom mot a ch va nh ng con so) cung cap cho may CNC mot thong tin ay u e ch th mot ai lng ieu khien nhat nh. Co bon nhom lenh can ban sau: Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang nh v tr va hnh hoc Bao gom cac a ch: A I P U X B J Q V Y C K R W Z D E
Cac con so theo sau co khoang t 5 en 7 so tuy theo kha nang va o chnh xac cua h Min moi may, co the la so dng (co hoac khong co dau +), co the lahso am (bat buoc phai co C i . Ho dau -) va co the la so thap phan (lu y dau phay phai dung TPdau cham ). uat la y th am K Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang cong nghe: ph H Su ng D dao, toc o vong va ve dung cu cat. Bao gom cac a u o la nhng lenh ve toc oochay Tr ight S (speed) ch: F (feed) r T (tool) y Cop Cach ghi nhng con so sau nhng a ch F va S tuy thuoc kha nang cong nghe cua moi loai may CNC. Co may ghi theo quy nh, nhng co may ghi theo tr so thc. Hien nay phan ln cac may the he mi eu ghi theo tr so thc. oi vi a ch S, co the la toc o vong cua truc chnh (vog/phut) nhng cung co the la toc o cat (m/phut). oi vi toc o chay dao, co the dung (mm/phut) nhng cung co the (mm/vog). oi vi a ch T, nhng con so la do ngi lap trnh at hoac a c quy nh tren o dao, nhng c phep at bao nhieu con so th do may CNC va phan mem quyet nh. Do o khi dung may CNC nao ta phai tm hieu ky cach ghi cac gia tr so sau cac a ch F, S, T. Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang chuan b Chuan b thc hien cong viec nao o, v vay thng kho ng ng mot mnh trong khoi lenh (tr mot so lenh mang y ngha ket thuc cong viec hoac bat au mot chuoi cong viec). o la a ch G va nhng con so theo sau tuy thuoc kha nang cong nghe cua moi may CNC. Nhng noi chung cac lenh chuan b can ban la giong nhau, v du: - nh v tr vi toc o nhanh - Noi suy ng thang - Noi suy ng tron - Mat phang noi suy vong - Hieu chnh ban knh dao cat 28
G0 G1 G2, G3 G17, G18, G19 G41, G42
- Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh dao - Chu trnh cat got - Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo - Phng thc lap trnh
G40 G81, G82, G83 ... G80 G90, G91
Do o khi lap chng trnh cho mot may CNC cu the phai nghie n cu ky tap le nh cua may o. Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang phu o la a ch M va nhng con so theo sau tuy thuoc kha nang cong nghe cua moi may CNC. Nhng noi chung cac lenh phu can ban la giong nhau, v du: - Dng chng trnh - Dng may - Ket thuc chng trnh - Chieu qquay truc chnh - Dng truc chnh - Thay dao t ong M0 M1 M2, M30 M3, M4 M5 huat Ky t pham H SuM6 M8 M9
Chi P. Ho
Min
uo Tr - M dung nh trntnguoi igh opyr - Tat dung C trn nguoi dch

3. Khoi lenh
ng D
Khoi lenh c viet tren mot hang cua chng trnh, thc hien mot thu tuc di chuyen hoac mot hoat ong cua may (co the vai hoat ong oc lap nhau) va c coi la n v c ban cua chng trnh. Khoi lenh co the bao gom mot hoac mot nhom lenh thc hien cung mot luc. No co the cha mot hoac nhieu lenh chc nang va trong moi chc nang co the co vai lenh, nhng nh ng lenh o phai thc hien nhng hoat o ng oc lap nhau. Ngay ca trng hp khac chc nang nhng do th t hoat ong cung khong the at vao cung khoi lenh. Moi khoi lenh bat au bi lenh th t (N) ket thuc bi ky t ket thuc khoi le nh (thng c t ong the hien bang dau ; khi a c cai at trong phan mem: tieu chuan ISO s dung ky t (LF), tieu chuan EIA s dung ky t (CR) hoac Enter xuon g hang hoac EOB (End Of Block - tren mot so panel ieu khien)). V du: Trong mot khoi len h khong the thong tin cho may va m dung nh trn nguoi lai va tat dung nh trn nguoi (M8 M9); Va quay truc chnh lai va dng truc chnh (S1800 M3 M5). Cau truc mot khoi lenh nh sau: N...
Th t cau lenh
G...
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang chuan b
X...
Y...
Z...
F...
S...
T...
M...
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang nh v tr va hnh hoc
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang cong nghe
Ky hieu Nhom lenh thc hien chc ket thuc khoi lenh nang phu
29
Th t khoi lenh phai tang dan, co the tang 1 n v hoac 5, 10 n v. Trong khoi len h, cac lenh co the viet lien nhau hoac gia chung co cac khoang trong. Khi oc khoi le nh, he thong ieu khien khong oc khoang tro ng. Mot khoi le nh toi a la 128 ky t (ke ca khoang trong).
II. Phng thc lap trnh

Co hai phng thc lap trnh: - Phng thc lap trnh tuyet oi (Absolute dimensions): La phng thc ma tat ca cac v tr c xac nh t chuan thao chng. - Phng thc lap trnh tng oi (Relative or incremental dimensions): La phng thc ma trong o v tr au tien c xac nh t chuan thao chng, v tr tiep theo c xac nh t v tr trc o va c tiep tuc nh the cho en het. X X Z2
Z1 Z1
P
Tuyet oi
y th Tng oi am K h Su p Cach chon phng thc lap ong Dtuy thuoc vao o chnh xac va kch thc thiet ke tren trnh H ru ban ve chi tiet gia cong.ight T yr Cop P 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11
V tr-Toa o Toa o Toa o tng tuyet oi oi Z X Z X -8 8 -8 8 -8 -1 0 -9 -4 -5 4 -4 7 4 11 9 -5 5 -12 1 9 9 14 4 2 4 -7 -5 6 -8 4 -12 -2 1 -8 9 6 -3 8 -4 -9 -7 -15 -4
P. uat T
Ho
Mi Chi
nh
Z2
+X
V du e tao mot bien dang co 12 v tr trong he toa o co hai truc toa o X va Z, ta chon P la chuan e soan thao chng trnh. Gia s cac v tr c hnh thanh theo th t t 1 en 12 th bang tren the hien toa o cua cac v tr theo hai phng thc lap trnh. - Khi lap trnh bang phng thc tuyet oi, moi v tr t 1 en 11 eu c xac nh vi chuan P a chon ban au . - Khi lap trnh bang phng thc tng oi, moi v tr t 1 en 11 eu c xac nh so vi v tr ke trc no. Nhng v tr au tien van phai c xac nh so vi chuan P.
-X P(X0,Z0) Z Z+
30
III. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC

1. C s lap trnh phay NC a) May phay CNC va cac truc ieu khien Co nhieu loai may phay CNC khac nhau, t loai n gian vi ba truc toa o (may phay CNC truc chnh ng va ngang) e n cac trung tam gia cong nhieu truc (> 3 truc). Di ay la mot so hnh anh v du ve mot so loai may phay CNC (hnh 2.1): May phay CNC ng May phay CNC ngang He truc toa o tren may phay +Y +B
T ht Trung tam phay CNCr4gtruc y i Cop
ruon
u DH S
y th am K ph
uat T
Chi P. Ho
+C +Z
Min
h
+A
+X
+Z -Z
-A +Y -Y -X +X +A
Hnh 2.1 Van e quan trong la phai xac nh c chuyen ong cua cac truc toa o tren may cung nh moi quan he gia chung vi he toa o c nh ngha tren bo ieu khien. Trong chng 1 a trnh bay he thong toa o s dung cho cac loai may NC/CNC va cac phng phap ieu khien, chng nay chu yeu trnh bay ky thuat lap trnh cho may phay CNC ng 3 truc. b) Dao phay CNC Ve c ban dao phay CNC khon g khac dao phay truyen thong a c hoc mon Cong nghe che tao may. May CNC co mot so ac iem u viet hn may cong cu truye n thong nh toc o cao, o chnh xac cao, mc o phc tap cua be mat gia cong, kha nang t
31
ong nh a trnh bay chng 1. Do vay ket cau cung nh chat lng cua dao phay CNC phai c nang cao. Hien nay co rat nhieu cong ty tren the gii chuyen san xuat dao va cho ra nhng so tay tra cu rat hu hieu, tham ch a co nhng phan mem tra cu dao va che o cat got mot cach t ong khi ta thong bao chnh xac vat lieu gia cong, kch thc, hnh dang be mat gia cong, cung nh chat lng ye u cau e lap trnh phay, ngi cong nghe ngoai viec biet chon hnh dang ket cau, vat lieu dao cho hp ly ma con phai nam chac cac thong so cua dao (tooling parameters). Di ay la mot so hnh anh v du ve cac loai dao va cac dang be mat gia cong (hnh 2.2a va 2.2b): - Cac loai dao phay ngon: au bang, au tron
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Va cac dang be mat gia cong t n gia n nh b vai, cac loa i ranh then, lo, hoc en cac be ma t nh hnh phc tap trong khong gian.
- Dao phay mat au gia cong mat phang
Hnh 2.2a
32
- Cac loai dao phay a va dang be mat gia cong

Phay m rong lo theo phng xoan
Hnh 2.2b Thong so cua dao bao gom: So hieu dao (tng thch vi so hieu tren o cha dao, h Min Chi hnh 2.3); Ket cau va thong so hnh hoc phan cat cua dao (hnh 2.4); Chieu dai hieu chnh P. Ho dao (hnh 2.5 ). uat T y th am K u ph DH S g ruon tT h yrig C p 1 2 3o 4 5 6 7 8
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 11
a)
b)
Hnh 2.3 Mot so loai o cha dao a, b, c & Tay may thay dao d.
c) d)
Dao Tay thay dao Truc chnh O cha dao
Hnh 2.4 Ket cau va thong so hnh hoc phan cat cua dao
Chuan dao
Ban knh dao Chieu dai hieu chnh
Hnh 2.5 Chieu dai, chieu dai lam viec va chieu dai hieu chnh dao
33
Thng e gia cong mot chi tiet can s dung mot vai dao cat, trong o moi dao co chieu dai hieu chnh va n g knh khac nhau (hnh 2.5). Do o khi gia co ng, oi vi moi dao, can thc hien hanh trnh tien dao theo cac phng khac nhau. Neu lap trnh toa o di chuyen theo chieu dai va ng knh moi dao, se rat kho khan va thc te thc hien khon g c. e thuan tien cho viec lap trnh cun g nh hieu chnh chng trnh, cac he ieu khien CNC eu co chc nang lu tr gia tr chieu dai va ban knh dao (tool parameters). ieu nay cho phep thc hien viec gia cong ma khon g can thay oi chng trnh, ngay ca khi co s thay oi chieu dai va ng knh dao. Gia tr chieu dai va ng knh dao c xac lap tren may trong qua trnh ra dao (trong bc ieu chnh may chng 1) va c lu tr trong bo nh. Can c gia tr thiet lap a c lu tr, he ieu khien se t ong bu tr cho toa o lap trnh e c toa o di chuyen thc te cho moi dao cat.
h M chi Thong so gia cong c ban can c xac lap bc nghie nhcuin tiet gia cong va C i o tien trnh cong nghe gia cong tren may CNC, bao gom: at TP. H u y th - Toc o truc chnh (Spindle speed pham K t) vong/phu H Su ng D - Toc o chay dao theo phng X va Y (Feedrate th ng du ng mm/phut) uo Tr ight phng Z (Plunge feedrate - thng dung mm/phut) - Toc o chaopyr theo C y dao - Toc o cat (cutting speed m/phut)
- Chon phoi (Stock) va lng d gia cong (Stock allowance - mm) Hnh 2.6 - Thiet ke quy ao cat va quy ao chay khong cua dao (Toolpath) Hnh 2.6
Stepover distance Chieu dai hoc Phoi Quy ao cat Mat phang an toan V tr mat phang lui dao Downstep Depth
c) Thong so gia cong (machining parameters)
Lng d gia cong
Hnh 2.6 Mo ta phoi, chi tiet gia cong va quy ao cat
Chieu rong hoc
Chi tiet gia cong
Quy ao chay khong
- Chieu sau cat (Depth - mm) Hnh 2.7
Hnh 2.7 Mo ta phay hoc ch nhat
34
- Chieu sau an dao (Down step - mm) Hnh 2.7 - Bc chay dao ngang (Stepover distance) Hnh 2.7 - Mat phang gia cong (Tool plane) Hnh 2.7 - Mat phang an toan (Cleance plane) Hnh 2.7 - Mat phang lui dao (Retract plane) Hnh 2.7 - Gia con g tho (Roughing); Gia co ng ban tinh (Semi finishing); Gia cong tinh (Finishing); Gia cong bong, trn lang (Smooth) Hnh 2.8 - Phng phap phay: Thuan (Conventional); Nghch (Climb); - Kieu phay: Thang (Straight); Doc (Ramping) hnh 2.9; Xoan (Helical) hnh 2.10; Bien dang (Profiling) hnh 2.11.
Chi tiet gia cong
C Hnh 2.8
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Hnh 2.9
Hnh 2.10
Hnh 2.11 - Hieu chnh ban knh dao (cutter compensation)

nh ngha s dch chnh tam dao so vi quy ao cat. S dch chnh ban knh dao sang trai, phai, huy s dch chnh c xac lap bi cac t lenh tng ng G41, G42 va G40 (hnh 2.12).
Hnh 2.12
35
2. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC Cong nghe phay chiem khoang 75% cac phng phap gia cong ieu khien so. e khai thac tot cong suat cua cac loai may phay CNC, ngi lap trnh can nam vng cac ma lenh ieu khien va ky thuat lap trnh, bao gom: a) Cac lenh lap trnh c ban - Lenh di chuyen dao: G00, G01, G02, G03 - Lenh ve toa o va n v kch thc: G90, G91, G20, G21 - Lenh ve he toa o: G17, G18, G19, G54 G59, G92 - Lenh ve iem tham chieu: G28, G29, G30 - Lenh ve toc o chay dao: F, G94, G95, G96 - Lenh ve toc o truc chnh: S, G97, M03, M04, M05
inh - Lenh ve cac chc nang phu: M00, M01, M02, M07, M08,oM09,M Chi M30 P. H uat T b) Cac lenh lap trnh bu tr va dch chnh dao th Ky pham con g theo toa o tam dao (tool center Cac he ieu khien yeu cau DH Strnh gia lap u ngchu vi dao cat. Do o khong the s dung trc tiep toa o uo coordinate) thay cho iem bieTrtren n ight v tr cach ng bien cat mot khoang bang ban knh dao. Phe p chi tiet v tam dao opyri co C pha dch chnh v tr tam dao c goi la bu tr ban knh dao (radius compensation)
Cac lenh lap trnh bu tr va dch chnh dao cho phep bien oi n gian d lieu lap trnh theo bien dang chi tiet gia cong thanh d lieu n g tam dao. Trong giao trnh nay , ta s dung thuat ng hieu chnh dao, bao gom: - Hieu chnh ban knh dao: G40, G41, G42 - Hieu chnh chieu dai dao: G43, G44, G49 c) Cac lenh ve chu trnh gia cong Lenh chu trnh gia cong cho phep thc hien chuoi cac chc nang gia cong lap lai bang mot khoi lenh. Lenh chu trnh han che c viec xac nh toa o, giam ang ke loi lap trnh, tiet kiem khoang 50% thi gian lap trnh. Co the phan loai chu trnh gia cong thanh ba nhom: - Chu trnh c ban (standard cycles): G80, G81, G82, G83, G84, G85, G86, G87, G88, G89; - Chu trnh ac biet (special cycles): G71, G72, G73, G75, G76 ; - Chu trnh ng du ng (user-defined cycles); Nhom th nhat va nhom th hai c nha san xuat he ieu khie n cai at trc tiep tren he thong, nhom th ba gom cac chng trnh macro bien soan bi ngi s dung va c lu gi tren bo nh he ieu khien. Thong thng khong co s khac biet ve chu trnh phay c ban gia cac he ieu khien, nhng cac chu trnh gia cong ac biet co the rat khac nhau. 36
- Lenh chon va thay dao: T, M06
d) Cac lenh ve lap trnh phep lap e tang hie u suat lap trnh cung nh giam thieu kch thc chng trnh cho cac trng hp gia cong phc tap ve hnh dang hay co tnh lap ve quy trnh, v du nh khoan mot tap hp lo co cung ng knh va cach eu nhau cac he ieu khien CNC hien ai eu c trang b cac chc nang lap trnh vong lap (loops), chng trnh con (subprogram) va macro. Co the coi vong lap nh chuoi lenh c lap lai nhieu lan. Chc nang tao vong lap cho phe p re nhan h tr ve khoi lenh trc trong chng trnh va thc hien cac khoi lenh trong vong lap theo so lan ch nh. Chng trnh con la mot phan cua chng trnh chnh va co the c goi theo yeu cau bi chng trnh gia cong co lien quan ti chng trnh con nay . Macro la mot dang chng trnh con dang tham bien co kha nang thc hien cac phe p tnh so hoc, logic, re nhanh cun g nh cac chc nang lap lai, no co the lu tr tren bo ie u khien va co the goi t chng trnh gia cong bat ky. Cau truc chng trnh con hoac macro cun g nh cau truc mot chng trnh chnh NC. h Min Co the chen chng trnh con hoac macro vao chng trnh chnhhNC bang lenh hoac quy C i P. Ho nh rieng cua phan mem ieu khien. uat T y th am K e) Cac chc nang lap trnh nan g caou ph HS ng D Cac chc nang nayttr ruo p nh phep lay t le, phep xoay, phep lay oi xng lam T giu igh yrtrnh, giam thi gian lap trnh. n gian cong vieCopp c la 3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem phay mo phong a) Gii thieu tap lenh cua phan mem Cac lenh di chuyen dao
G00
Chay dao nhanh (khon g cat got) G00 X.. Y.. Z.. G00 U V W X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch (U, V, W toa o tng oi cuc bo)
Cau truc:
V du lap trnh vi toa o tuyet oi: N090 G00 X30 Y85 N100 G00 Z12 N110 G90 N120 G00 X105 Y35 Z2
37
V du lap trnh vi toa o tng oi: N090 G00 X30 Y85 N100 G0 Z12 N110 G91 N120 G00 X75 Y-50 Z-10 hoac: N090 G00 X30 Y85 N100 G0 Z12 N110 G00 U75 V-50 W-10
Lu y : oi vi phay CNC, khi lap trnh G00 nen lap trnh chay X va Y rieng trong mot khoi lenh trc va sau o mi en khoi lenh chay Z.
G01
Noi suy ng thang G01 X Y Z F G01 U V W F
Cau truc:
Cop
yrig
th X/U Y/V Z/W toam Ky a o ph iem chg(U,HV,uW toa o D S uon tngroi cuc bo) tT h
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
iem ch
V du lap trnh vi toa o tuyet oi: N085 G90 N090 G00 X30 Y30 N095 G00 Z2 N100 G01 Z-6 N105 G01 X110 Y75
V du lap trnh vi toa o tng oi: N085 G00 X30 Y30 N090 G00 Z2 N095 G91 N100 G01 Z-8 N105 G01 X80 Y45 hoac: N085 G00 X30 Y30 N090 G00 Z2 N100 G01 W-8 N105 G01 U80 V45
38
G02 G03
Noi suy cung tron theo chieu kim ong ho Noi suy cung tron theo chieu ngc kim ong ho G2 G3 X/U.. Y/V.. Y/V.. Z/W.. Z/W.. X/U.. I.. J.. J.. K.. K.. I.. R.. F..
Cau truc:
X/U Y/V Z/W : toa o iem ch I... J...: Toa o tam cua cung tron c tnh tng oi so vi iem khi xuat cua cung R : ban knh cung tron : hoac Lu y: Noi suy cung tron ch thc hien trong mat phang.
tT thua ytrnh toa o tuyet oi: V ham K du lap Su p g DH N085 G90 ruon T N090 G00 X55 Y35 ht yrig Cop N095 G00 Z2 N100 G01 Z-5 N105 G02 X95 Y75 I30 J10
hoac: N085 G90 N090 G00 X55 Y35 N095 G00 Z2 N100 G01 Z-5 N105 G02 X95 Y75 R30
Chi P. Ho
Min
V du lap trnh toa o tng oi: N090 G00 X55 Y35 N095 G00 Z2 N100 G91 N105 G01 Z-7 N110 G02 X40 Y40 I30 J10 hoac: N090 G00 X55 Y35 N095 G00 Z2 N100 G91 N105 G01 Z-7 N110 G02 X40 Y40 R30 hoac: N090 G00 X55 Y35 N095 G00 Z2 N105 G01 W-7 N110 G02 U40 V40 R30
39
Cac lenh ve mat phang gia cong He toa o gia cong xac nh bang ba truc X, Y, Z va tao nen ba mat phang gia cong chnh: XY, XZ, YZ. Co the ch nh mat phang gia cong bang lenh:
G17 G18 G19
Mat phang XOY Mat phang XOZ Mat phang YOZ
hoac bi lenh kch thc tng ng nh nhng v du ve cac lenh di chuyen dao tren . nh ngha mat phang gia cong theo lenh kch thc ch co tac dung trong khoi lenh, nhng nh ngha mat phang gia cong bang lenh co tac dung cho nhieu khoi lenh hoac ca chng trnh. Lenh ve chng trnh con va vong lap
G22
Goi chng trnh con
Cau truc: G22 A.. H..
ng D Truo V du chng yrightchnh: trnh op C N085 G90 N090 G00 X55 Y35 N095 G00 Z2 N100 G22 A5000 H12 N105 G00 Z200
....
th A So khoi lenh bat au chngytrnh con. am K p H So lan lap lai chngh H Su trnh con
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
V du chng trnh con: N5000 G82 Z-10 F50 N5010 G0 U10 . N5100 M99 (ket thuc chng trnh con)
N300 M2 (ket thuc chng trnh chnh) Lenh ve hieu chnh ban knh dao
G40 G41 G42
Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh dao Hieu chnh ban knh dao trai (dao di chuyen ben trai quy ao cat) Hieu chnh ban knh dao phai (dao di chuyen ben phai quy ao cat) G41 G42 G41
V du hnh ben khi gia cong bien ngoai va bien trong cua mot chi tiet. Tuy theo hn g di chuyen cua dao va quy ao cat ( ng lap trnh) ma co the xac nh hieu chnh trai hay phai. G42
40
Cac lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao tao lap vect bu tr vuo ng goc vi quy ao cat va co o ln bang ban knh dao (hnh 2.14). Can chu y hn g vao ra trc khi bat au hieu chnh ban knh. oi vi phan mem phay mo phon g, hng vao ra trc khi bat au hieu chnh ban knh phai vuong goc vi quy ao cat (hnh 2.15).
Y G41 Chi tiet Sai X
Hnh 2.14
Hnh 2.15
ung
G42
Lenh ve chu trnh phay ight opyr C Chu trnh phay hoc ch nhat G72 Cau truc: G72 X.. Y.. Z.. D.. Q.. F.. X.., Y.., Z.. D Q F
ng D Truo
H Su
h Min e tr ve quy hao cat la tam dao can C i . Ho huy bo cheatoPhieu chnh ban knh dao bang u T y th lenh G40. am K ph
iem bat a u va ket thuc chu trnh Q X
Toa o iem B Tr so dch dao ngang Tr so dch dao ng Toc o chay dao doc
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh phay hoc ch nhat la tam va mat au dao. Khi thc hien chu trnh phay, tam dao se t dch chnh. Tr so dch dao ng t ong ieu chnh giam dan en ay hoc. Hoc ch nhat yeu cau phai co cung bo bang ban knh dao (hnh 2.16). Ch thc hien chu trnh phay hoc ch nhat khi kch thc cua hoc phai ln hn hoac bang hai lan ng knh dao. e thc hien phay hoc phai nh v tr tam va mat au dao tai v tr A bang le nh di chuyen dao nhanh, sau o thc hien chu trnh phay hoc.
Dao
B D
A Hnh 2.16
41
G75
Chu trnh phay hoc tron

A
Cau truc: G75 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. D.. Q.. F.. X.. , Y.. , Z.. R.. D.. Q.. F.. Toa o iem B Ban knh hoc Tr so dch dao ngang Tr so dch dao ng Toc o chay dao
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh phay hoc tron (hnh 2.17). Moi yeu cau thc hien chu trnh phay hoc tron cung giong chu trnh phay hoc ch nhat, ch khac ban knh dao phai nho hn ban knh R cua hoc.
G80 G82
Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo Chu trnh khoan lo kho ng sau
ph F.. Cau truc: G82 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. P.. DH Su g ruon t o X.. Y.. Z.. gToa T iem B h yri R.. Cop Khoang cac h an toan
P.. F..
y th am K
uat T
h Min ChiHnh 2.17 P. Ho
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo. P - Thi gian dng tnh tien khi dao khoan lo en toa o iem B, sau o t ong rut dao ve iem A (hnh 2.18).
Hnh 2.18
G83
Chu trnh khoan lo sau
Cau truc: G83 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. Q.. P.. F.. X.. Y.. Z.. Toa o iem B R.. Khoang cac h an toan Q.. ng F.. Toc o chay dao
Z
Tr so dch dao
R
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo sau. Tr so dch dao ng Q t ong ieu chnh giam dan en ay lo (hnh 2.19).
Hnh 2.19 42
Phng rut dao
Phng khoan
Thi gian dng (giay) Toc o chay dao
G90 G91 G92
Phng thc lap trnh tuyet oi Phng thc lap trnh tng oi Dch chuyen chuan thao chng
Cau truc: G92 X.. Z.. X.. Z.. Toa o can dch chuyen ti
G94 G95
Toc o chay dao phut (mm/phut). Toc o chay dao vong (mm/vong).
Cac lenh chc nang cong nghe
F.. Lenh khai bao toc o chay dao (tr so tuy theo n v khai bao: mm/phut hoac
mm/vong)
S.. Lenh khai bao toc o vong truc chnh (vong/phut)

h Min Chi o Lenh S.. va T.. khai bao chung trong mot khoi letnTP. H ng hp thay dao bang tay) h (tr ua y th cung vi chieu quay truc chnh. am K h Su p D M Cau truc: T.. S.. M.. (tronggo H ch chieu quay truc chnh) ruon tT Cac lenh chc nanopyrigh g phu C Ket thuc chng trnh chnh M2
T.. Lenh goi dao (tr so quy nh t 1 en 12)
M3 M4 M5 M8 M9 M99
So th t khoi lenh
Chieu quay truc chnh theo kim ong ho Chieu quay truc chnh theo ngc kim ong ho Dng truc chnh M ti trn Tat ti trn Ket thuc chng trnh con
b) Mot so quy nh cua phan mem phay mo phong
N1 en N4999 N5000 en N9999 Th vien dao phay sau:
So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh chnh So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh con.
Phan mem quy nh thay dao ban g tay va s dung dao trong th vien phan mem nh - Dao phay ngon: 8 Ma khai bao: KN1
10 12 20
43
KN2 KN3 KN4
- Dao phay mat au
25 Ma khai bao: 30 KS2
KS1
- Dao phay tru
30 Ma khai bao: 34 KW2 Ma khai bao: KB2 KB3 KB4 Ma khai bao:KB5
Z
KW1
- Mui khoan
5 8 12 20
KB1
- Mui khoan tam Chuan may M
4 8
Tren man hnh mo phong cua phan mem the inh M hien 3 hnh chieu vi chuan chi tiet trung chuan may . XM Chi o Nh vay khi lam viec vi phan mem ta ch can khai at TP. H u bao v tr chuan thao chng so vi chuan chi tiet. Ky th pham H Su ng Trnh t lam viec vi phan mem phay mo pho Chi tiet Y Y ng D Truo t \ Vao tap tin Adimill.bat\ - Khi ong phan igh m yr me M Cop Z X MW Nhap ngay... Datum; ten ngi soan thao chng trnh Name va ma so chng trnh Kurs\ F2 Start: m ra Thc n chnh (tren lu o la ng net am) - Chuan b chng trnh NC: Neu cha co chng trnh, nhap chng trnh vao phan mem, theo ng dan sau: Thc n chnh \ F2 Editor \ F2 Edit a co chng trnh lu trong a vi te n tap tin *.mil , m chng trnh theo ng dan sau: Thc n chnh \ F3 Datei \ F3 Laden \ F3 Hauprp (neu la chng trnh chnh) \ F3 Unterp (neu la chng trnh con). Nh vay chng trnh chnh va chng trnh con phai lu hai tap tin rieng biet. - Khai bao cac thong so cong nghe nh: T lenh dao (T) cho tng bc cong nghe (nhap ky hieu theo quy nh cua th vien dao); Kch thc phoi (LX - chieu dai theo phng X, LY - chieu rong theo phng Y, LZ - chieu cao theo phng Z) va o lech cua chuan thao chng P so vi chuan chi tiet W theo tng phng (OX lech theo phng X, OY - lech theo phng Y, OZ - lech theo phng Z). Khai bao t lenh dao: Thc n chnh \ F4 Ruest \ F2 Werkz Khai bao phoi : Thc n chnh \ F4 Ruest \ F3 Teil \ F5 Def Khai bao chuan thao chng : Thc n chnh \ F4 Ruest \ F4 4N-PKT - Mo phong chng trnh: Thc n chnh \ F5 Simula \ F4 Auto hoac F3 Einzel (F4 chay toan bo chng trnh; F3 chay tng khoi lenh cua chng trnh).
44
Lu o thc hien phan mem phay mo phong CNC

Khi ong ma y tnh Vao phan mem\Adimill.bat Thc n chnh Datum (Nhap ngay thang nam) Name (Nhap ten ngi L.T) Kurs (Nhap ma so C.T) F1 Weiter Tr vao phan mem F10 End Ra khoi phan mem
F1 Halt
F1 - Halt Thoat ra F1 F3 Hauptp Ch. trnh chnh F4 Unterp Ch. trnh con F1 F3 Hauptp Ch. trnh chnh F4 Unterp Ch. trnh con
F2 Start Chuan may
F1 Halt F2 - Inhalt Liet ke ch. trnh F3 Laden M chng trnh F4 Sicher Tru ht Ghi rig opy chng trnh F5 Drucke In chng trnh F6 loesch Xoa chng trnh
F1 F2 Edit Soan thao h Min chng trnh F3 Loesch Xoa cau lenh F4 Nummer anh so cau lenh F5 List < Lat trang trc F6 List > Lat trang sau F1 F2 Werkz Dao cat F3 Teil Phoi lieu F4 4N-PKT Chuan thao chng F5 Scala T le F8 Demo F1 F2 LoeschXoa F3 < Giam F4 > Tang
HS ng D
u ph
y am K
F2 P. Editor at T thuSoan tha o
h Ho C
F3 Datei D lieu
F7 Reset Xoa ma n hnh F1 F3 Einzel Tng khoi lenh F4 Auto Toan bo ch. trnh F6 Bahm Mo phong quy ao cat F5 Simula Mo phong chng trnh F4 Ruest Cai at thong so c.nghe
F1 F5 Def Kchthc phoi
F1 F3 Einzel Tng cau lenh F4 Auto Toan bo ch. trnh
F7 Text
45
4. V du lap trnh NC vi phan mem phay mo pho ng (ban ve so 12 - Phu luc 2) Bc 1: Nghien cu chi tiet gia cong, chon phoi vat lieu mica vi kch thc: Lx = 100 (Chieu dai) Ly = 70 Lz = 15 (Chieu ro ng) (Chieu cao)
Vach trnh t bc cong nghe, chon dao, che o cat va lenh nh sau: - Phay cac hoc ch nhat bang dao phay ngon N2 : T1, F100, S2000 - Khoan 7 lo bang dao phay ngon N1 : T2, F80, S2200 Ga at va chon chuan thao chng theo s o ben . Lech chuan (P-W) theo cac phng nh sau: ZP 0X = 0.000 0Y = 0.000 0Z = 15.000 Lap phieu nguyen co ng (xem mau phu luc 2) ong DH u Tr ight yr Cop
M=W
XP
Su p
Yy thua P am K
tT
Chi P. Ho
Min
Bc 2: Thiet ke quy ao cat. Quy ao cat la iem tam va mat au dao theo bang toa o sau:
M=W=P D 92 35 -5 C1 60 57 -3 D1 87 40 -8 1 74 18 -10 2 65 23 -10 3 65 13 -10 4 74 8 -10 5 83 13 -10 6 83 23 -10
XP
V tr Toa o X Y Z
A 8 62 2
B 45 8 -5
A1 16 54 -3
B1 37 16 -10
C 55 62 2
7 74 28 -10
Bc 3: Soan thao chng trnh NC gia cong chi tiet N10 G90 N20 T1 S2000 M3 N30 G0 X8 Y62 N40 GO Z2 N50 G72 Q3 X45 Y8 Z-5 D8 F100 46
N60 G0 X16 Y54 N70 GO Z-3 N80 G72 Q3 X37 Y16 Z-10 D8 F100 N90 GO X55 Y62 N100 G72 Q3 X92 Y35 Z-5 D8 F100 N110 G0 X60 Y57 N120 G0 Z-3 N130 G72 Q3 X87 Y40 Z-8 D8 F100 N140 G0 Z200 N150 G0 X-50 Y150 N160 M5 N170 T2 S2200 M3 N180 G0 X74 Y18 N190 G0 Z2 N200 G82 P1 Z-10 R2 F80 uo Tr ight N210 G82 CopX65 Y23 Z-10 R2 F80 P1 yr N220 G82 P1 X65 Y13 Z-10 R2 F80 N230 G82 P1 X74 Y8 Z-10 R2 F80 N240 G82 P1 X83 Y13 Z-10 R2 F80 N250 G82 P1 X83 Y23 Z-10 R2 F80 N260 G82 P1 X74 Y28 Z-10 R2 F80 N270 G0 Z200 N280 G0 X-50 Y150 N290 M5 N300 M2 Bc 4: Kiem tra chng trnh. Kiem tra cac thong so cong nghe nh chon t len h ma dao, phoi, chuan thao chng. oc va ve lai quy ao cat, quy ao chay khon g cat xem hp ly va chnh xac cha. Cach kiem tra nay bang phng phap thu cong. Bc 5: Mo phong chng trnh. Chay mo phong che o AUTO (toan bo chng trnh), neu chng trnh tot (hnh dang chi tiet gia co ng ung) th xong. Neu cha tot, chay lai mo phong che o EINZEL (tng khoi lenh), anh dau cac khoi lenh cha chnh xac, tr ve phan soan thao chnh sa.
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
47
IV. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC

1. C s lap trnh tien Ky thuat lap trnh c ban cho may tien NC/CNC nhn chung n gian hn so vi cac loai may phay NC/CNC. Nhieu he ie u khien khac nhau c s dung cho may tien NC/CNC nh FANUC, FAGOR ... Tuy nhien, phan ln cac bo ieu khien eu co chung mot so chc nang ieu khie n c ban, ky thuat lap trnh cung nh viec khai bao thong so la tng t nh nhau. a) May tien va he truc toa o may tien CNC Co nhieu loai may tien NC/CNC khac nhau, t loai n gian vi hai truc toa o en cac trung tam gia cong nhieu truc, nhieu truc chnh, trung tam gia cong phoi hp tien phay. He thong toa o tren may tien NC/CNC cung c s dung chung cho cac loai may NC/CNC a trnh bay cac phan trc. Phan nay chu yeu trnh bay ky thuat lap trnh cho cac may tien hai truc toa o. Cac truc toa o va chieu cua no c trnh bay tren hnh 2.20; He thong itoainh c xac nh t h M o o ne Hg, C u ban xe dao pha ben v tr phoi va hng nhn theo truc chnh t mam cap ent on TP. thua o. Tng t chieu quay cua tru nao cua truc chnh (truc +Z) th truc +X se hnKyve pha g phamc chieu kim ong ho - CCW) luon c xac chnh (cung chieu kim ong ho CW hoau ng H Sc ngnD ong. nh theo hng nhn t mam Truoe u cap ight yr Cop Z
CW
X X
Hnh 2.20 Khong gian lam viec cua may tien NC/CNC la mot khoi tru v vay chuan may M co the tam va mat au (pha mam cap), chuan R nam v tr xa nhat hoac ngc lai. b) Dao tien CNC Dao tien tre n may CNC c chon la theo yeu cau, at iem cua be mat chi tiet gia cong. Dao co hai phan: phan cat (phan lam viec) va phan can (phan than ). Phan cat dao tien CNC thng dung la cac loai manh dao (insert) tieu chuan. Co cac loai manh dao: hnh bnh hanh (ky hieu A, B, K), hnh thoi (ky hieu C, D, E, M, V), hnh ch 48
nhat (L), hnh tron (R), hnh vuo ng (S), hnh tam giac (T), hnh 3 goc (W), hnh bac giac (O), ngu giac (P), luc giac (H). V du mot so loai manh dao hnh 2.21;
Hnh 2.21
Phan can dao tien CNC c chia thanh nhieu loai nh: - He thong dao T-MAX P: c s dung tien tho, tinh ngoai va trong. Ngoai ra co the c s dung cho viec gia cong cac lo ln (hnh 2.22).
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Hnh 2.22
Hnh 2.23
- He thong dao T- MAX U: S dung tien lo , tien nh hnh (hnh 2.23). - He thong dao cat t T- MAX Q: S dung e tien cat t thep tru ac va rong, tien ranh trong va ngoai, tien ranh sau va ranh be mat, tien nh hnh (hnh 2.24). - He thong dao tien ren T- MAX U: La mot he thong dao tien ren vi nhieu kieu ren va bc ren trai, phai khac nhau; c s dung cho tien ren trong va ren ngoai (hnh 2.25).
Hnh 2.24 49
Hnh 2.25
Khi tien tinh ngoai va trong chu y chon goc nghieng chnh va phu cho phu hp vi ac iem be mat gia cong, loai manh dao va phng chay dao sau. Di ay la mot so v du: - Tien tinh mat ngoai (Hnh 2.26)
Hnh 2.26
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
- Tien tinh trong (hnh 2.27)
Hnh 2.27
50
2. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC Cong nghe tien NC/CNC chiem khong nhieu trong cac phng phap gia cong ieu khien so, khoang 25%. Ky thuat lap trnh cho tien CNC nhn chung cung giong phay nhng n gian hn, co ngha cac lenh lap trnh c ban nh: di chuyen dao, toa o ; cac lenh lap trnh bu tr dch chnh dao; lap trnh macro va chng trnh con; cac chc nang lap trnh nan g cao eu co khi lap trnh cho tien. 3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem tien mo phong a) Gii thieu tap lenh cua phan mem Cac lenh di chuyen dao
G00
2.28)
Di chuyen dao nhanh (khong cat got) t v tr iem 0 en v tr iem A (hnh G0 X/U Z/W...
Cau truc:
o Ch Noi suy ng thang (cat t A en B) - hnh 2.28H G01 TP. huat Ky t Cau truc: G1 X/U... Z/W... F... pham H Su ng Da o iem B X.., Z.. o To ru tT ighF.. yr Toc o chay dao Cop
X/U.., Z/W..
Toa o iem A (U,W toa o h in tng oi cuc bo)

iM
O C Hnh 2.28 B A
G02
2.28)
Noi suy cung tron theo chieu kim ong ho (cat mot cong t B en C - hnh G2 X.. Z.. I.. K.. F.. X.. Z.. Toa o cua iem C (iem ch)
Cau truc 1:
I.. J.. Toa o tam cua ng cong (thng dung toa o tng oi, co ngha so vi iem xuat phat ng cong, iem B) F Toc o chay dao Cau truc 2: G2 X.. Z.. R.. F..
51
X.. Z.. Toa o cua iem C R F.. Ban knh cua cung tron Toc o chay dao
G03
Noi suy cung tron theo chieu ngc kim ong ho (cat t C en B hnh 2.28) G3 X.. Z.. I.. K.. F.. G3 X.. Z.. R.. F..
Cau truc 1: Cau truc 2:
Lenh ve chng trnh con va vong lap
G22
Goi chng trnh con G22 A.. H.. A .. H .. So khoi lenh bat au chng trnh con. So lan lap lai chng trnh con
Cau truc :
Lenh ve hieu chnh ban knh mui dao
G41 G42 G40
X T t Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao trai thua Ky (dao cat got ben trai quy ao cat)m pha H Su D ong Hieu chnh ba Tru mui dao phai n knh ight (dao opyr t ben phai quy ao cat). cat go C Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh mui dao.
Chi P. Ho
Min
Lenh ve chu trnh tien
G71
Chu trnh tien tho boc vo tng lp song song vi truc Z Cau truc 1: G71 A.. I.. K.. D.. F.. iem ket thuc ng bao K iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh G71
Lp cat
A.. Chng trnh con so khoi lenh bat au I.. Lng d gia cong tinh theo phng X K.. L ng d gia cong tinh theo phng Z D.. Chie u sau lat cat F Toc o chay dao iem bat au ng bao 52
Cau truc 2:
G71 P.. Q.. I.. K.. D.. F..
P.. Q.. T cau lenh ... e n cau lenh ...
G72
Chu trnh tien tho boc vo tng lp song song vi truc X Cau truc: G72 A.. (P.. Q..) I.. K.. D.. F.. iem bat au ng bao
A..
Chng trnh con
iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh G72 Lp cat
P.. Q.. T cau lenh ... e n cau lenh ... I.. K.. D.. F Lng d gia cong tinh theo X Lng d gia cong tinh theo Z Chieu sau lat cat Toc o chay dao
G76
ruon tT igh opyr Ctrnh tien ren Chu

Cau truc:
Su g DH
pham
hua Ky t
tT
Chi P. Ho
Min
h
I iem ket thuc ng bao
G76 X.. Z.. K.. D.. H.. F.. X.. Z.. Toa o iem B K.. D.. H.. F.. B Chieu cao ren Chieu sau lp cat cuoi cung So lat cat Bc ren K iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh G76
G82 G83
Chu trnh khoan lo kho ng sau G82 X.. Z.. F..
Cau truc:
Chu trnh khoan lo sau
53
Cau truc:
G83 X.. Z.. D.. H.. F.. X.. Z.. D.. H.. F.. V tr ay lo khoan Chieu sau mot lat khoan au tien So lat con lai Toc o chay dao X
D
So lat con lai
P Z
G80 G92
V tr bat au va ket thuc chu trnh khoan h Khoang cach an toan i(2 5) mm Min Ch P. Ho Khi ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo uat T y th am K Dch chuyen chuan thao chng u ph DH S ong Cau truc: G92 TruZ.. t X.. h yrig Cop X.. Z.. Toa o can dch chuyen ti
Lenh chc nang cong nghe
F S..
T..
Lenh khai bao toc o chay dao (tr so tuy theo n v khai bao: mm/phut hoac mm/vong) Lenh khai bao toc o vo ng truc chnh (vong/phut) Lenh goi dao Lenh S.. va T.. khai bao chung trong mot khoi lenh. Cau truc: T.. S.. M.. M.. Chieu quay truc chnh (M3 hoac M4)
Cac lenh chc nang phu
M2 M3 M4 M5 M8 M9
Ket thuc chng trnh Chieu quay truc chnh theo kim ong ho Chieu quay truc chnh theo ngc kim ong ho Dng truc chnh M ti trn Tat ti trn 54
M99
So th t khoi lenh
Ket thuc chng trnh con
b) Mot so quy nh cua phan mem tien mo phong
N1 en N4999 N5000 en N9999 Th vien dao tien
So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh chnh So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh con.
Phan mem quy nh thay dao bang tay va s dung dao trong th vien phan mem. Nh vay khi chon dao nao, phai nhap ung ky hieu cua dao o vao bo nh may tnh. oi vi dao cat t, nh dao quy nh la v tr co ghi ch . Trong chng trnh, cac lenh di chuyen dung cu va cac chu trnh cat, e u co toa o cua iem ch. Toa o iem ch o la toa o ma iem o dao se ti. Hnh 2.29 di ay la th vien dao va ky hieu quy nh cua phan mem:
A1
A2
opy
A3 t righ
yt am K h Su p S1 A4 g DH A5 n Truo
Chi nh . Ho P T huat
S2 S4
Min
h
S3 S5
A6
A7
A8
A9 G2 B1 (G3) X.. Z.. I.. K.. F.. B2( R) B3
I1 I3
I2
A So cau lenh
P1
bat au chng
G1
Hnh 2.29 Quy nh chuan M va W
L l M P Chi tiet gia cong B Phoi Hnh 2.30 C
Quy nh o lech gia chuan M va W theo phng Z la 20mm; kch thc chau kep la 20 mm (hnh 2.30). Gia s tren hnh chon chuan thao chng tai mat au chi tiet, can khai bao cho phan mem o lech cua chuan thao
55 20 20 A Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
chng P so vi chuan may M theo phng Z nh sau: Lech (P M) Z = l + 20 + B + A + 20 Trong o: B mieng cat t (neu can cat t) A Khoang cach an toan l - Chieu dai chi tiet can gia cong Chieu dai phoi L theo phng Z c tnh nh sau: L = l + B + A + 20 + C Trong o: Quy nh ve toa o X Phoi s dung cho tien CNC co dang khoi tru hoac khoi tron xoay nhieu bac oi xng qua ng tam. Thong thng tre n cac ban ve ky thuat, kch thc tron xoay thng c cho theo n g knh. e s dung thuan tien moi kch thc, he ieu khien CNC cung cap hai h phng phap lap trnh kch thc theo phng X: Min Chi . Ho - Lap trnh theo n g knh: Toa o X c xachuat TP ng knh (gap oi khoang nh theo yt cach thc). am K u ph DH S c xac nh theo ban knh. - Lap trnh theo ban knh: Tongo X a ruo tT i h Chon phng opyrpglap trnh theo ng knh hay ban knh tuy thuoc vao cac thong so C pha may a c cai at. Thong thng, lap trnh ng knh c chon nh che o mac nh tren cac bo ieu khien tien CNC. Phan mem tien mo phong chon phng phap lap trnh theo ng knh. Th t lam viec vi phan mem tien mo phong - Khi o ng phan mem\ Vao tap tin Aditurn.bat \ .. Cac bc con lai giong nh phan mem phay mo phon g. Ch khac chng trnh lu co phan m rong cua tap tin *.Trn. Lu o thc hien phan mem tien mo phong Giong nh phan mem phay mo phong. 4. V du lap trnh NC vi phan mem tien mo phong Yeu cau lap trnh NC gia cong chi tiet hnh 2.31 va kiem tra quy ao cat bang phan mem tien mo phong. Bc 1: Nghien cu chi tiet gia cong, chon phoi vat lieu mica vi kch thc: Chieu dai phoi: Lz = 46 + 3 + 10 + 20 + 2 = 81 mm ng knh phoi: Lx = 34 mm Ga at :Mam cap ba chau t nh tam. C Lng d vat mat au (neu can co)
56
Hnh 2.31 Trnh t gia cong va lap phieu nguyen cong TT Bc cong nghe Ma dao va Ky ky pham hieu Su g DH T1 T1 T2 T3 T4 (A2) (A2) (A4) (G1) (S1)
h Min Chi P. Ho Che o cat uat T th

t (mm) 2 0.5 0.1 3 F (mm/vong) 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 0.1 S (vong/phut) 1000 1000 1500 300 500
1 2 3 4 5
ht Vatomarig u py t a C Tien tho boc vo bien ngoai Tien tinh bien ngoai Tien ren Cat t
n Truo
Bc 2: Thiet ke quy ao cat va quy ao chay khon g (hnh 2.32). Quy ao cat la v tr o dao (hnh 2.31). Mui dao co ban knh cong r, nen khi tien tinh ta hieu chnh ban knh mui dao.
Hnh 2.31 Tx
T chuan dao Tz gia tr cai at thong so dao theo phng Z Tx gia tr cai at thong so dao theo phng X V tr o dao la iem noi gia hai gia tr Tx va Tz Mui dao co ban knh cong r
Tz
57
1.5

14 13 12 11 10 9 6
X
1 3 5 4
8 7
A
2
Hnh 2.32
Phoi 15
Toa o X Z
1 38 0
2 -2 0
3 30 4
3 15 2
4 18 0
5 18 -1.5
6 18 -16
7 15 -17.5
8 15 -21
9 20 -21
10 24 -23
11 24
12 30
13 30 -50
14 32 -46
15 -2 -46
Bc 2: Soan thao chng trnh NC u ph DH S g N10 G90 G95 ruon tT righ N20 T1 Copy M4 S1000 N30 N40 N50 N60 N70 N80 N90 G0 Z0 G0 X38 G1 X-2 Z0 F0.2 G0 X30 Z4
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
h -35 in-38 M
* Goi dao 1
* Vat mat au * V tr iem 3 * Tien tho boc vo * Ve v tr thay dao
G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D1.5 F0.2 G0 X50 Z200 M5
N100 T2 S1500 M4 N105 G42 N110 G22 A5000 H1 N115 G40 N120 G0 X50 Z200 N130 M5 N140 T3 S300 M4
* Thay dao 2
* Tien tinh bien dang
* Thay dao 3
N150 G0 X18 Z2 N160 G76 X15 Z-18.5 K1.5 D0.1 H7 F1.5 58

* Tien ren
N170 G0 X50 Z200 N180 M5 N190 T4 S500 M4 N200 G0 X50 Z-46 N210 G0 X32 N220 G1 X-2 N230 G0 X50 N240 G0 Z200 N250 M5 N260 M2 N5000 G0 X15 Z2 N5010 G1 X15 Z0 N5020 G1 X18 Z-1.5 N5030 G1 X18 Z-16 ph H Su ng D Z-17.5 N5040 G1 oX15 u Tr ight yr CopN5050 G1 X15 Z-21 N5060 G1 X20 Z-21 N5070 G2 X24 Z-23 N5080 G1 X24 Z-35 N5090 G3 X30 Z-38 N5100 G1 X30 Z-50 N5110 G1 X34 Z-50 N5120 M99 * Ket thuc chng trnh con * V tr iem 3 * V tr inhm 4 M ie Chi P. Ho V tr iem 5 * at T * V tr iem 6 * V tr iem 7 * V tr iem 8 * V tr iem 9 * V tr iem 10 * V tr iem 11 * V tr iem 12 * V tr iem 13 * Cat t chi tiet * Thay dao 4
y th am K
Bc 4: Kiem tra chng trnh. Kiem tra cac thong so cong nghe nh chon t len h ma dao, phoi, chuan thao chng. oc va ve lai quy ao cat, quy ao chay khon g cat xem hp ly va chnh xac cha. Cach kiem tra nay bang phng phap thu cong. Bc 5: Mo phong chng trnh. Chay mo phong che o AUTO (toan bo chng trnh), neu chng trnh tot (hnh dang chi tiet gia co ng ung) th xong. Neu cha tot, chay lai mo phong che o EINZEL (tng khoi lenh), anh dau cac khoi lenh cha chnh xac, tr ve phan soan thao chnh sa.
59
CHNG 3
LAP TRNH T ONG
(LAP TRNH BANG PHAN MEM CAD/CAM
I. Cong nghe lap trnh t ong

1. He thong CAD 2. He thong CAM
3. Trnh hau x ly POSTPROCESSORh up DH S g II. Gii thieu phan mem oMiilCAM- Designer2 ru n tT h yrig Co pha 1. Khi ong p n mem 2. Thiet ke quy ao cat va tao chng trnh NC 3. ng du ng AutoCAD trong thiet ke quy ao cat
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
4. Cac bc thc hien phan mem MiilCam-Designer2
60
CHNG 3
LAP TRNH T ONG
I. Cong nghe lap trnh t ong
Lap trnh t on g s dung ngo n ng lap trnh hoac phan mem CAD/CAM nh cong cu tr giup e chuyen oi t ong d lieu hnh hoc va d lieu cong nghe thanh chng trnh NC. Ngay nay, cac ngon ng x ly hnh hoc dan dan c thay the bi cac phan mem CAD/CAM va viec s dung phan mem CAD/CAM e lap trnh NC a tr thanh phng phap pho bien va hieu qua, ac biet cho cac trng h p gia cong mat cong phc tap. Nguye n ly cua cong nghe CAD/CAM la s dung c s d lieu chung cho cac chc nang thiet ke va lap ke hoach san xuat. Nh vay, theo cong nghe CAD/CAM, co the truy xuat d lieu hnh hoc va con g nghe ve san pham, lu tr trong c s d lieu cho cac chc nang quan ly va ieu hanh san xuat, bao gom chc nang lap trnh NC. h Min Trong cac ng du ng ie u khien so, cac chc nang CAD cho phep xac lap hnh hoc chi Chi . Ho tiet gia cong va cac chc nang CAM cho phep s dung tdPlieu hnh hoc san pham e tao ua T y th ng chay dao (hay quy ao cat va quy ao m Ky khong cat) va thc hien cac chc nan g a cha u ph quan ly va ieu khien qua trnh san xuatSnh lap qui trnh che tao (process planning), lap ke DH uong hoach san xuat (productiontplanning) Tr h yrig Cop Qui trnh lap trnh NC theo cong nghe CAD/CAM thong thng gom cac bc c ban (hnh 3.1) sau: - Thiet ke mau (modeling) -he tho ng CAD. - La chon cong nghe gia cong NC (phng thc chay dao); Xac lap thong so NC cho chc nang gia cong NC tng ng: bao gom cac thong so ve phoi (stock); ve dung cu cat (tooling parameters) va cac thong so gia cong (machining parameters); Thc thi trnh s ly (processor) oi vi chc nang gia cong gia cong NC e tao ng chay dao (toolpath generation) he thong CAM - Thc thi trnh hau x ly e bien dch d lieu n g chay dao thanh chng trnh NC - POST-PROCESSOR
Hnh 3.1
61
1. He thong CAD Co rat nhieu phan mem tr giup cho thiet ke mau t c ban nh Autocad, SolidEdges, SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor en chuyen dung c kh nh Mechanical Desktop, cac phan mem tch hp CAD/CAM nh: Pro/Engineer, Cimatron, Catia, EdgeCAM, MasterCam, DelCam, AnphaCam, GibbsCam, VisiCam, TopCAM, SurfCAM, MillCAM, LatherCAM Viec chon la mot he thong tr giup thiet ke CAD tot nhat con tuy thuoc vao tn g lanh vc chuyen mon khac nhau, trong cung chuyen mo n cung phai can nhac nhieu van e trong o co van e kinh te, o linh hoat (giao dien vi cac thiet b ngoai vi, kha nang chuye n tai file, tnh tng thch vi cac chng trnh khac, kha nang m rong ).
Hien nay, cac phan mem chuyen dung nganh c kh la cac phan mem tch hp
CAD/CAM a thc hien thiet ke mau t n gian en phc tap vi s ho tr o hoa manh me nh: - Thc hien cac y tng thiet ke ngay tren khoi solid (PART FILES) h Min - Lap rap cac chi tiet thanh mot san pham hoan chnh (ASSEMBLY FILES) Chi P. Ho - Mo phong lap rap va hoat ong cua cac c cahu(mo phong o ng) u at T Ky t am nh ban ve 2D (DRAWING FILES) - Chuye n oi t chi tiet, c cau lap u phtha rap DH S g - Tao khuon mau t mau uon r solid tT righ - Tao he thoopyphan t d lieu C ng 2. He thong CAM a) Cong nghe gia cong NC e quan ly c d lieu chay dao cho muc ch bien dch t ong thanh chng trnh NC, ngoai yeu cau ve tnh cong nghe, phng thc chay dao phai co quy luat toan hoc. Thong thng cac chc nang gia cong NC c thiet ke theo ieu khien 2,5 truc; 3 truc; 4 truc; 5 truc (2.5x; 3x; 4x; 5x) va theo quy luat hnh hoc song song (parallel), xoan oc (spiral), tham so (parametric). Tuy thuoc vao yeu cau gia cong (tho , ban tinh, tinh), tuy thuoc vao kha nang cong nghe cua may gia con g (2.5x; 3x; 4x; 5x), cac phan mem CAD/CAM cho phe p la chon phng thc chay dao thch hp cho tng bc gia cong. e tm hieu sau ve cong nghe gia cong NC phai hoc them mot giao trnh chuyen sau CAD/CAM, giao trnh nay ch e cap cac kien thc rat c ban. Di ay la mot so v du: - Cong nghe gia cong mat phang (Facemiling), chon phng thc chay dao nao?(hnh 3.2)
Hnh 3.2
62
e vao/ra dao (lead in/out) chuan b phay mat phang, chon cach nao tren hnh 3.3 va hnh 3.4:
Hnh 3.3
Hnh 3.4
u ph - Cong nghe gia cong hoc (Pocket): hoc chu nhat (2,5x); hoc tron (2,5x); hoc nh hnh DH S uong co hoac khong co ao (ahtbaTr 2,5x hnh 3.5 hoac nh hnh 3x hnh 3.6) y ng yrig Cop
Hoc 2,5x Hoc 3x
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
ng bien
Hnh 3.5
Hnh 3.6
- Cong nghe gia cong ng bien (Profile): tao cac ng chay dao 2,5 truc theo ng bie n xep lp (hnh 3.5); ng xoan (hnh 3.6), n g co bo cung (hnh 3.7)
Hnh 3.6
Hnh 3.7 63
- Cong nghe gia cong mat bien (Surface Profile): tao cac ng chay dao 3 truc theo mat bien (hnh 3.8)
Radial strategy
Concentric strategy
Spiral strategy
C - Cong nghe gia cong lo, tap lo.

- Cong nghe gia co ng mat bien phc tap bang cach phoi hp gia ng bien va mat bien (hnh 3.9) hoac cac mat 4x, 5x
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Hnh 3.8
ng bien
Hnh 3.9
Mat bien
b) Thong so NC bao gom cac thong so ve phoi, ve dung cu cat (tooling parameters) va cac thong so gia cong (machining parameters). Noi dung nay cung a trnh bay ky chng 2, phan cong nghe lap trnh phay va tien NC. - Thong so ve phoi bao gom kch thc, hnh dang phoi va lng d gia cong.
64
- Thong so ve dung cu cat bao gom: So hieu dao (ch nh v tr cha dao tren bo phan tr dao); Ket cau dao (kch thc li cat, thong so hnh hoc phan cat, n g knh, ban knh mui dao ..) va vat lieu phan cat cua dao. - Thong so gia cong bao gom: Toc o truc chnh (spindle speed); Toc o chay dao (feedrate); Toc o cat ng (plunge Feed); Bc dnh dao ngang (stepover distance - hnh 3.10); Chieu sau dch dao: co hai trng hp, dch dao nhanh (rapid depth) di chuyen vi toc o nhanh, khong cat got c va dch dao cat (down step) - di chuyen vi toc o cat. Thng dung cho truc Z. V du: Chieu sau cat (depth); Lng d gia cong (stock allowance)
Lng d tinh
hnh 3.10
u ph DH S c) ng chay dao (quyTruong t va quy ao chay khong - toolpaths) c xac nh mot a o ca ht ighnh hoc chi tiet gia cong. Thong thng, cac phan mem lap trnh cach t ong t dopyr lieu C CAD/CAM quan ly ng chay dao di dang tap tin toa o chay dao (Cutter Location CL), bao gom cac iem (Point), oan thang (Line), cung tron (Arc) cau thanh nen ng chay dao. Thong qua trnh tr giup, tap tin CL c cai at them cac thong so NC. Cuoi cung, tap tin CL cung vi moi d lieu NC lien quan c bien dch bi trnh hau s ly (Postprocessing) thanh chng trnh NC tng ng theo dang yeu cau. Hnh 3.11 cho thay mot so dang tollpaths gia cong tinh.
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Hnh 3.11
3. Trnh hau x ly POSTPROCESSOR POST PROCESSOR la tap hp nhng ch dan e chuyen oi ng chay dao, thong so cong nghe, ieu kien gia cong c tao ra thanh chng trnh ieu khien may CNC. ay la not tien ch quan trong, muon lam mot NC POST PROCESSOR, ngi dung phai hieu ro ve lap trnh NC noi chung, ve he ie u khien ma may NC/CNC cua mnh ang s dung. Moi hang san xuat he ieu khien may CNC, ngoai viec s dung cac ma lenh bat buoc thong thng cua tieu chuan ISO, con s dung cac ma lenh c ban theo y rieng cua ho . 65
Th du cung cong viec khai bao he thong o kch thc la mm, he FANUC va MTS cho n lenh G21, he FAGOR va SINUMERIK cho n lenh G71. Chng trnh POSTPROCESSOR co the do cac hang san xuat cai at san trong he ieu khien may CNC nhng cung co the do khach hang t cai at.
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
66
II. Gii thieu phan mem Millcam - designer 2

1. Khi ong pha n mem MILL-CAM Designer 2 la 1 he thong thiet ke va lap trnh t ong 2D, cho phep ngi s dung ve c trong moi trng o th. Sau o ban ve c chuye n oi t ong sang 1 tap tin G-Code, tap tin nay chnh la chng trnh ie u khien gia cong tren may phay CNC. Khi dung man hnh thiet ke, ng dan thanh cong cu c the hie n bang mau sac. o day net ve khac nhau cho ta biet ng knh dao cat khac nhau, o sau net ve cung the hien mau sac khac nhau ai dien cho chieu sau cat khac nhau. Ban ve c tao ra bang cach lien ket cac phan t vi nhau va ta co the bo sung vao ban ve cac phan t mi hoac di chuyen hoac copy no i bat c luc nao. Mill-cam Designer 2 cho phep nh kch thc va v tr cua cac phan t rat chnh xac. Ban ve co the c lu lai hoac chong len nhau vao bat c luc nao, v vay nhn g ban ve dang d co the c ve tiep sau hoac co the thay oi. Mill-cam Designer 2 rat n gian, de s dung va lam tang kha nang s dung cua may phay CNC len rat nhieu. Cho phep may phay CNC tr thanh mot cong cu a nan g hn la h Min ch s dung phng phap Chi P. Ho lap trnh can ban (dung uat T y th G-code). G-Code la am Kn hnh kch thc phoi lieu u ph Ma ngon ng cua may CNC, DH S ng bao gom nhng chuoi cact Truo igh k t va so ma Copyr c a nh ngha bang cac Cau lenh, Lenh, a ch trong Phan III. Phan mem Mill-Cam Designer 2 ch hoat ong khi khoa an toan cua Denford c noi vi may tnh. e s dung phan mem nay can 1 a cng, cai at Window 3.1 (hoac hn) va toi thieu 1 MB bo nh trong . Khi ong MillCAM bang cach nhap phm trai chuot 2 lan vao bieu tng Mill CAM designer 2 Man hnh kch thc phoi lieu xuat hien cho phep cai at lai loai may phay Machine Type, kch thc phoi (chieu dai - Length, chieu rong Width, chie u cao Height), loai vat lieu gia cong Material Type va n v o lng Metric Units. Sau cun g nhap nut trai chuot vao nut OK e tiep tuc chuyen qua man hnh soan thao. 66
2. Thiet ke quy a o cat va tao chng trnh NC c thc hien tre n man hnh soan thao di ay. Man hnh nay bao gom: Vung o hoa; Phm thanh phan; Thanh ngang danh muc; Thanh ngang d lieu.
Menu Bar (Thanh ngang danh muc)
Information Bar (Thanh ngang d lieu)
uo Tr ight r opyElement Buttons
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
(Phm thanh phan)
Drawing Area (Vung o hoa)
a) Chc nang cac phm thanh phan (Element Buttons) Nhap mat trai chuot vao bie u tng Line sao cho xuat hie n vet sang mau o. Nhap vao mat trai chuot vao Vung o hoa va gi chuot tai iem bat au cua oan thang muon ve, keo chuot i, tha chuot ra v tr cuoi cua oan thang can ve.
Line
Nhap mat trai chuot vao bieu tng Arc sao cho xuat hie n Arc vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa va bam mat trai, hop thoai di hien ra cho phep chon hng quay (chieu kim ong ho: Clockwise, ngc chieu kim ong ho: Anti Clockwise) va goc quay (Angle in degrees) Nhap chuot vao OK. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap mat trai gi chuot tai iem bat au cua cung tron, keo chuot en v tr ket thuc cua cung tron, roi tha ra.
Frame
e ve mot khung rong hnh vuong hay ch nhat. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Frame sao cho xuat hien vet sang mau o. a 67
chuot vao Vung o hoa, bam gi chuot tai iem bat au ve khung, keo chuot e n v tr mong muon. Sau o tha chuot ra. Ve mot hop vuong hay ch nhat ac. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Box sao cho xuat hien vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap va gi chuot tai iem bat au ve, keo chuot en khi at kch thc mong muon. Sau o tha chuot ra. Ve hnh tron ac. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Circle sao cho xuat hien vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap va gi tai tam vong tron, keo en khi at c ban knh theo yeu cau. Sau o tha chuot ra. Ve hnh vanh khan. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Ring sao cho xuat hien vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap va gi tai tam cua vong tron, keo en khi at kch thc. Sau o tha chuot ra.
Box
Circle
Ring
h Min ChiText sao cho xuat hien Ve ch. Nhap chuot vao bieu tHo ab ng P. ab vet sang mau o. a chuot thuao TVung o hoa, nhap mat trai va t Ky Text chuot. Mot hop thoai hienm cho phep : pha ra H Su ng D uo Tr ight ), - Chon ch ( Input text yr Cop - Chieu cao ch ( Character Height ) - Chieu rong ch (Character Width) - % khoang cach gia cac ch (Character Spacing %) - Cac ac trng khac cua ch nh pho ng ch (Fonts), v tr ch (nam ngang hay doc, nga hay up) Sau cung nhap mat trai chuot vao OK.
Chon phan t ve can thay oi. Nhap mat trai chuot vao Edit sao cho xuat hien vet sang o. a chuot vao Vun g o hoa, chon oi tng bang cach bam mat trai chuot vao v tr au, gi va keo chuot en v tr cuoi, tha chuot ra (oi tng b to en). Di chuyen oi tng ve: Bam mat phai chuot vao oi tng va di chuyen ti v tr mi, tha chuot ra, bam mat trai chuot. Xoa oi t ng ve : Bam mat trai chuot vao Edit (thanh ngang danh muc), tiep tuc bam chuot vao Cut, oi tng b xoa. Lam sach man hnh bang cach bam Ctrl + F tren ban phm. 68
Edit
Step
Nhap mat trai chuot vao Step, mot hop thoai xuat hien cho phe p thay oi kch thc bc nhay ban g cach nhap vao mui ten len xuon g e tang giam. Sau o nhap chuot vao OK.
Cutter
Chon ng knh dung cu cat. Nhap mat trai chuot vao Cutter. Mot hop thoai hien ra, nhap mat trai chuot vao ng knh mong muon. Cuoi cung nhap OK.
Depth
T huat y tp mat trai chuot vao Depth, hop thoai Chon chieu sau ham Nha cat. K Su p . Chon chieu sau cat mong muon, roi nhap mat chieu sau cat g DH hien xuat r n Tt uovao trai htcho yrig opOK. C
Chi P. Ho
Min
Moi chieu sau cat c the hien mot mau khac nhau Mot thong tin bao loi se xuat hien neu chieu sau cat vt qua chieu day phoi hoac vt qua chieu day cat toi a cho phep oi vi ng knh dung cu a chon. Khi cat ng thang, co the cat chieu sau khac nhau, bang cach nhap hoac chon chieu sau iem au (Start of line depth) va iem cuoi (End of line depth) cua n g thang. Khi ve tren Vung o hoa mau sac se thay oi theo chieu sau cua ng thang (cang sau mau cang am) b) Nhap trc tiep d lieu cua cac oi tng ve (line, Arc, Frame, Box, Circle, Ring) Nhap mat trai chuot vao cac oi tng can ve (phm thanh phan trong man hnh soan thao), sau o Enter. Mot hop thoai hie n ra, cho phep nhap toa o can ve, roi nhap chuot vao OK. Tr lai man hnh soan thao, oi tng can ve se hien tren Vung o hoa.
69
c) Chc nang cua Thanh Ngang Danh Muc (Menu Bar) File menu New : Don sach man hnh o hoa, san sang ve hnh mi. Open : Cho phep m cac ban ve a lu trc o. Save : e lu mot ban ve a co ten trc o. Save As : Dung e lu ban ve lan au tien (cha co ten trc o) Save Project : Lu mot mau mac nh a c thiet ke trc o. Bao gom ng knh dao cat, chieu sau cat, kch thc phoi bang cach nhan Alt + S. Import DXF File : Nhap file co uoi . DXF, sau o nhap chuot vao OK. Print : In ket qua thiet ke. Nhap chuot vao Print. Hop h Min thoai Print Options xuat hieno cho phe p chon net in, mau , Chi P. H at T sac in, t le in. Sau ounhap OK. y th am K u Font : Chon pho ng ch mong muon khi thiet ke. Change ph DH S ngnhap OK. Truo Sau o Alter Material Size : Man hnh kch thc phoi lieu xuat hien, cho phep cho n lai may gia cong, vat lieu gia cong va kch thc phoi Exit : Thoat ra khoi File menu. Edit menu Cut: Xoa oi tng c chon tren Vung o hoa. Copy: Sao chep oi tng c chon tren Vung o hoa. Paste: Dan cac oi tng a c Cut hoac Copy. Sau khi bam mat trai chuot vao Paste, hop thoai Paste Scale xuat hien, chon t le mong muon, roi nhap vao OK. oi tng xuat hien nhap nhay tre n Vung o hoa, dung chuot di chuyen en v tr mong muon, roi nhap mat trai chuot. oi tng c dan se hien len ro net. Paste Special: Thc hien tng t nh Past, nhng co the thay oi chieu sau cat cung vi ng knh dao cat. Mirror: Phan chieu lai oi tng a c chon. Sau khi nhap chuot vao Mirror, hop thoai Mirror Object hien ra, cho phe p chon kieu phan chie u ng Mirror Vertical hay nam ngang Mirror Horizontal va co bo hay gi oi tng ban au Leave original. Sau o nhap OK.
ight opyr C
70
Rotate: Quay oi tng a c chon. Sau khi nhap chuot vao Rotate, hop thoai Rotate Object hien ra, cho phep cho n tr so goc quay va co bo hay gi oi tng ban au Leave original. Sau o nhap OK. Hop thoai Paste Scale hien ra. Cho phep chon t le mong muon, nhap OK. Hnh anh nhap nhay hien ra tre n Vung o hoa, di chuye n ti v tr mong muon, nhap mat trai chuot. Copy to: Nhap chuot vao Copy to, hop thoai File Save As xuat hien cho phep ghi chep vao file nao mong muo n. Sau o nhap OK. Paste from: Nhap chuot vao Paste from, hop thoai File Open xuat hien cho phep dan vao file nao mong muo n. Sau o nhap OK. Select All: Chon tat ca oi tng co tren Vung o hoa (oi tng b to en) Refresh Screen : Lam sach lai Vung o hoa. Grid menu Khi nhap chuot vao Grid, mot danh muc keo h Min xuong, cho phep chon la khoang cach li tren Vung Chi P Ho o hoa va mau sac t Ta .no. Neu khong muon dung li ua cu th tren Vun g oyhoa th nhap chuot vao OFF. Neu tr so am K u ph mong DH S muon khong co tren Danh muc keo xuong th g ruon nhap chuot vao Custom, hop thoai Custom Grid Size tT h yrig hien ra, nhap tr so va nhap OK. Cop
Create G-code menu e tao chng trnh NC ieu khien gia cong tren may phay CNC, phai thc hien cac bc tao G code. Nhap chuot vao Create G-code, mot Danh muc keo xuong e tao tap tin, nhap chuot vao Make file hop thoai File Save As xuat hien cho phep at ten tap tin, tap tin nay phai co uoi . FNC. Sau o nhap chuot vao OK. Hop thoai G-code Generator xuat hien, nhap mat trai chuot vao Create G-code.
71
Hop thoai G-code timing xuat hien thong bao thi gian gia cong chi tiet tren may phay CNC. Nhap chuot vao OK. Hop thoai Post Processor xuat hien vi mot ng mau xanh chay qua. Nhap chuot vao OK. Muon cai at thong so cong nghe, nhap chuot vao Set G-code Parameters hop thoai Set tooling xuat hien cho phep thay oi cac thong so cong nghe . Sau khi thay oi xong, nhap chuot vao OK.
3. ng dung AutoCAD trong thiet ke quy ao cat t T hua Ky t la tap hp cac iem tam va mat au Quy ao cat trong phan MILL CAM DISIGNER2 pham Ht Sum dao cach ng mo phong hnh hoc cua chi tiet dao khi cat, co ngha tren mat phang D ta g ca on ung bang ban knh dao cat Tru cong (cung co ngha phan mem khong co chc nan g hieu t khi gia righ chnh ban knh dao opy). Ccat a) Trnh t thiet ke quy ao cat trong AutoCad Co the s dung t Cad-R12 en Cad 2004 - Bc 1 : Mo phon g hnh hoc cua chi tiet bang ACAD . - Bc 2 : Xac nh mat cat, phan cat cua chi tiet can gia cong. - Bc 3 : Xac nh ng knh dao va ve quy ao cat . - Bc 4 : Xoa nhng ng net mo phong hnh hoc cua chi tiet . V du: gia cong chi tiet theo ban ve sau: - Bc 1: Mo phong hnh hoc cua chi tiet bang ACAD (hnh 1) . Phan cat
Chi P. Ho
Min
Hnh 1 Hnh 2
72
- Bc 2: Xac nh mat cat, phan cat cua chi tiet can gia cong (hnh 2) . - Bc 3: Xac nh ng knh dao va ve quy ao cat (lay ng hnh hoc chi tiet tr hoac cong ban knh dao tuy v tr phan cat) (hnh 3).
Hnh 3
Hnh 4
- Bc 4: Xoa nhng ng net mo pho ng hnh hoc cua chi tiet (hnh 4) 4. Cac bc thc hien Mill-CAM Designer 2
h Min Chi Ho TP. uatcong nghe a) Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe cho tng bc y th am K ph - Khi o ng Mill-CAM Designer H Su D 2. g ruon tT - Cai at may phaygCNC, vat lieu gia cong, n v o lng, kch thc phoi lieu. h yri Cop - Xac nh li (Grid) tren Vun g o hoa.
- Xac nh bc nhay (Step) tren Vung o hoa. - Chon dao cat (Cutter). - Chon chieu sau cat (Depth). b) Thiet ke quy ao cat hoac nhap file * . DXF - Vao Man hnh soan thao, dung cac phm thanh phan va Thanh ngang danh muc soan thao quy ao cat theo yeu cau ban ve chi tiet. - Neu thiet ke quy ao cat trong AutoCAD, th tao file * . DXF . Sau o vao phan mem Mill-CAM Designer 2, thc hien bc a, roi a file ra Man hnh soan thao: Thanh ngang danh muc/ File/ Import DXF file Sau khi thc hien en bc nay cho tat ca cac bc cong nghe mi thc hien bc sau cung (tao chng trnh NC). c) Tao chng trnh NC e ieu khien gia cong tren may phay CNC - Tao tap tin * . FNC . - Bien dch t ong sang G-code: Thanh ngang danh muc/ Create G-code/Make file/Create G-code.
73
CHNG 4
VAN HANH MAY CNC
I. Van hanh may phay CNC DENFORD-NOVAMILL

1. Gii thieu chung ve may phay CNC Novamill 2. Van hanh may
y th 3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khien FANUC-OM am K u ph DH S g II. Van hanh may tien CNC MAGNUM ruon t T h yrig 1. Gii thieuochung ve may tien Magnum C p
2. Van hanh may 3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khien FAGOR
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
74
CHNG 4
VAN HANH MAY CNC
I. Van hanh may phay CNC DENFORD - NOVAMILL
1. Gii thieu chung ve may phay CNC Novamill a) Mo hnh may phay CNC Novamill vi chuan va he truc toa o may
T ht yrig op
ruo
HS ng D
u ph
h Min Chi 115. Ho TP uatmm th Y y am K

150mm M 225mm X
b) Ban phm ieu khien e ieu khien may, s dung ban phm Denford Desktop Tutor nh sau:
75 Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
c) Thong so ky thuat cua may Co o cha c 6 dao ma t so 1 en 6. Thay dao t ong ban g kh nen va v tr thay dao tai chuan R (nen phai m he thong cung cap kh nen vi ap suat khoang 6,8-7,2 bar) He thong kep dao bang kh ne n. Khong gian lam viec cua may: 225 x 150 x 115 Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng X la 225mm. Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng Y la 150mm. Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng Z la 115mm. Lng chay dao cho phep: F min = 10 mm/phut; Fmax = 1500 mm/phut; c ieu chnh vo cap.
Toc o vong truc chnh cho phep: : S min = 100 vong/phut; Smax = 3000 vong/phut; c ieu chnh vo cap. h Min Chi - ong c truc chnh: 0,37 KW P. Ho uat T th bc/vo - ong c bc cac truc chay dao: 200 am Ky ng u ph DH S g 2. Van hanh may ruon tT h May phay CNC yrig Cop Novamill c ie u khie n bi he ie u khien Fanuc MO. He ieu khien Fanuc MO chay tren he ieu hanh MS-Dos . e van hanh may, thc hien cac bc nh sau: a) Khi on g may tnh: tr ve MS-Dos, khi ong phan mem theo ng dan: C:\Novamill\fanucmd b) Khi ong may phay CNC Novamill: M cong tat khi ong tre n ho p ieu khien v tr I. c) Xac nh chuan may M: Khi giao die n cua phan mem xuat hien, cho may ve chuan bang cach nhan hai phm HOME-TRVRS ong thi. e thao tac bang tay nhan phm JOG, khi o co the di chuyen ban may en bat ky v tr nao trong khong gian lam viec cua may bang cac phm X, +X, -Y, +Y, -Z, +Z (lien tuc hoac tng bc vi bon mc t 0.005 5mm) , co the thay dao bang khai bao T va v tr dao can thay, co the cho truc chnh quay bang khai bao S va so vong quay cua truc chnh, khai bao toc o chay dao bang khai bao F va gia tr toc o. d) Xac nh chuan chuan chi tiet W: bang phng phap ra cho hai phng X va Y bang dung cu ra. Con phng Z dung dao ra tiep xuc vi be mat chi tiet cho moi dao. e) Cai at chuan chi tiet W: Menu ofset\Edit ofset\nhap gia tr X \EOB\Reset. Menu ofset\Edit ofset\nhap gia tr Y \EOB\Reset.
Menu ofset\Edit ofset\nhap gia tr Z cho moi loai dao \EOB\Reset f) a chng trnh ra man hnh Soan thao Phoi hp cac phm [F10], [CURSOR], [RESET] va [EOB]. Nhan phm [F10], man hnh Main Menu xuat hien, a vet sang ti chon CNC Files. Sau khi chon, nhan [EOB]. Man hnh CNC files hien ra.
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Chon Change dir e thay oi o a hien hanh. Sau o a vet sang ti chon Load hoac nhan F3, man hnh Filename for Load xuat hien. Neu vet sang co dau * phai nhap ten tap tin. Muon liet ke danh muc cac tap tin, phai lam mat dau * bang cach nhan phm [ALTER]. Sau o nhan [EOB], danh sach CNC files hien ra vi ten * . FNC
Muon tr ra man hnh trc, nhan [RESET].

Chon tap tin muon gia cong.
Luc nay chng trnh c hien ra tre n man hnh Soan thao va Mo phong. Neu tren man hnh Soan thao va Mo phong a co san chng trnh, th se hien ra cau hoi sau:
Ban co muon tron vao khong ?

Neu khon g muon, nhan phm [N]. Neu muo n, nhan phm [Y]. i) Mo phong chng trnh Chon man hnh mo phong: Nhan phm [F10] hoac phm [EDIT], man hnh phong chng trnh Co the i) Mo Main Menu hien ra. chon mot trong hai che o mo pho ng: Edit and Simulate : Dung soan thao cung vi mo phong.
Phoi hp cac phm [F10], [CURSOR], [EOB], [EDIT]
Simulate only : Dung ch e mo uat T y th K phong. ham Su p Dung cac phm [CURSOR] aovetDHng g sa ru n Tnhan phm ti che o mong muon, ight opyr C [EOB].
Chi P. Ho
Min
Che o va soan thao va mo phong
Che o ch co mo phong
Mo phong chng trnh : Nhan phm [F9] man hnh Simulation hien ra. 1) Check Syntax : Kiem tra loi chnh ta cua chng trnh (khong kiem tra c quy ao cat va cac thong so cong nghe). a vet sang ti Check Syntax bang cach s dung cac phm [CURSOR], roi nhan [EOB]. Neu hie n ra dong ch Your CNC program is OK th coi nh chng trnh a c kiem tra tot. Nhan [RESET] e tr lai man hnh Simulation. 2) Run Program: Chay mo u ph DH S g phong chng trnh. ruon tT h yrig Cop
Phoi hp cac phm [F9], [CURSOR], [EOB], [JOC], [PAGE], [CYCLE START], [CYCLE STOP], [RESET], [8N], [2F], [6Z], [4X], [9G], [1H], [SINGLE BLOCK],
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
a vet sang ti Run program bang cach s dung cac phm [CURSOR], roi nhan [EOB].
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khie n FANUC OM a) Thong so cong nghe Dao phay vi ng knh D (mm) va so rang z en 10 (2 rang) en 16 (4 rang) en 20 (4 rang) Di 63 (5 ran g) Toc o cat V (m/f) 90 90 90 400 Lng chay dao rang Sz (mm/rang) 0,01 0,03 0.03 0,02 Toc o vong truc chnh n (vog/f) 2800 1800 1400 2000 Lng chay dao phut S f (mm/f) 56 210 160 200 Lng chay dao vong Sv (mm/vog)
Trong o:
Lenh S... at T GiaKy thu tr n pham H Su D G94 ong TruS = S . z Sf = n . zr.ight ; Sz v z Lenh F... y Cop Gia tr Sf
1000V D
Chi P. Ho
Min
G95 Lenh F... Gia tr Sv
b) G codes / Fanuc OM
Nhom 0
Lenh G04 G09 G28 G52 G53 G92
Chc nang Dng lai Dng chnh xac Tr ve REFERENCE POINT He toa o a phng He toa o may Cai at he toa o nh v tr (vi toc o nhanh toc o chay khong) Noi suy ng thang Noi suy ng tron cung chie u kim on g ho Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim o ng ho Mat phang XOY Mat phang ZOX
G00 G01 G02 G03
G17 G18
G19 3 G90 G91 5 G94 G95 6 G20 G21 7 G40 G41 G42 8 G43 G44 G49 9 G80 G81ight T yr Cop G83 G84 G85 10 G98 G99 13 14 G97 G54 G55 G56 G57 G58 G59 17 G15 G16
Mat phang YOZ Toa o tuyet oi Toa o tng oi n v chay dao mm/phut n v chay dao vog/phut n v o lng la INCHES n v o lng la MILLIMETERS Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh dao Hieu chnh ban knh dao trai Hieu chnh ban knh dao phai Hieu chnh chieu dai dao dng inh Hieu chnh chieu daCdao am i hi M P. Ho a chnh uu t T chieu dai dao Ket thuc hie y th am K u ph Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo DH S Chu trnh khoan lo Chu trnh khoan gian oan Chu trnh taro Chu trnh doa lo Rut tr ve mat phang xuat phat Rut tr ve mat phang an toan n v toc o vong (vog/phut) Zero offset 1 Zero offset 2 Zero offset 3 Zero offset 4 Zero offset 5 Zero offset 6 Ket thuc toa o cc Bat au toa o cc
ruon
c) M Codes / Fanuc OM
Lenh M00 M01 M02 M03 M04 M05 M08 M09 M24 M25 M30 M98 M99
Chc nang Dng chng trnh Dng chng trnh Ket thuc chng trnh Truc chnh quay theo chie u kim ong ho Truc chnh quay theo chie u ngc kim ong ho Dng truc chnh M ti trn Tat ti trn M kep dao (thao tac bang tay) hi Min Ho C TP.g tay) ong kep dao (thaohuatban tac Ky t ham Ketpthuc chng trnh H Su ng D Truo Goi chng trnh con t Ket thuc chng trnh con
Cop
h yrig
Di ay dien giai mot so t lenh khac biet cua he ieu khien Fanuc OM: Chu trnh taro:
Cau truc cau lenh:
G98 (G99) G84 X...Y...Z...P...F...

G98 (G99) Rut dao ve v tr xuat phat hoac v tr an toan. X... Y... V tr cua lo theo X , Y Z... Chieu sau lo theo toa tuyet oi. P... Thi gian dng ay lo F... Bc cua ren (mm/vog). o
Chu trnh doa lo:
Cau truc cau lenh:
G98 (G99) G85 X...Y...Z...P...F...

G98 (G99) Rut dao ve v tr xuat phat hoac v tr an toan. X... Y... V tr cua lo theo X , Y Z... Chieu sau lo theo toa tuyet oi. P... Thi gian dng ay lo h F... Toc o chay dao. Min Chi P. Ho uat T y th am K o
V du : cau truc mot chng trnh chnh nh sau: %0001 G21; [BILLET [TOOLDEF X100 Y70 Z20; T1 D10 ; M au chng trnh Kch thc phoi Dao so 1 va ng knh Lech chuan (P W)
Truo Goi va ket thuc mot chng ight trnh con: yr Cop
HS ng D
u ph
M98 / M99
[EDGEMOVE X20 Y20 Z0; N10 N20 N30 ... .............................................; ..............................................; ..............................................; ..............................................;
Th t cau lenh cung cac cau lenh.
N200 M30;
Ket thuc chng trnh
Trong chng trnh chnh o i khi co mot so cong viec c lap i lap lai nhieu lan, neu nhng cong viec nay c viet i viet lai trong chng trnh chnh th chng trnh se rat dai. V vay e n gian chng trnh chnh, nhng cong viec c lap la i o c viet trong chng trnh con, vi cau truc nh sau:
o1000 ;
N70 ............ ; N80 ............. ; N90 ............. ; ... ............. ;
M au chng trnh con
Cac cau lenh cua chng trnh con
N150 M99 ;
Ket thuc chng trnh con
Trong chng trnh chnh, khi can goi mot chng trnh con dung lenh M98 vi cau truc cau lenh nh sau: M98 P.. 1000 ; Ten chng trnh con c goi So lan lap lai cua chngtrnh con inh hi M CV du: Trong mot chng trnh con co the long mot chng trnh con khac. P. Ho uat T y th am K u ph %0001; O2000; O1000; DH S g ruon T ht yrig M98 P2 1000; op M98 P4 3000; M98 P3 2000; C
M30;
M99;
M99;
Chu y: Chng trnh chnh va chng trnh con c lu trong bo nh may tnh hai tap tin khac nhau nhng phai cung mot th muc. Chon mat phang cat:
Chon phng thc lap trnh:
II. Van hanh may tien CNC Magnum

1. Gii thieu may tien CNC Magnum May tien Magnum c ieu khien bi he ieu khien Fagor 8025 TSI. Tap lenh cua no tng thch vi phan mem tien Unisoft. Co the thay dao, ong m ca t ong, kep phoi bang kh nen va co he thong an toan khi s dung. a) He truc toa o tren may tien Magnum
C b) Gii thieu bo ieu khien vi he ieu khien Fagor
ight opyr
Tr
uo
HS ng D
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Vung o hoa
Vung nhap d lieu
Cac phm chc nang
Vung ie u khien
c) Thong so ky thuat cua may - Cong suat ong c truc chnh: 1500 W - Toc o quay truc chnh: 100vong/phut 3000vong/phut
- Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng X: 75mm - Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng Z: 205mm - Lng chay dao toi a cho phep cua X, Z: 3000mm/phut - Cong suat ong c truc Z, X: 140 W - Cong suat ong c bm ti nguoi:80 W - Dung tch buong nc ti trn: 16 lt; Ti trn t o ng. - Ap suat voi phun ti trn: 0.3 bar - Ap suat kh nen: 8 bar - O cha dao co 08 v tr (co the cha c 08 dao); Thay dao t ong. 2. Van hanh may tien CNC Magnum vi bo ieu khien 8025 TSI - Cap nguo n cho may; - M van he thong kh nen; - Gat cau dao tren may CNC sang v tr I;
uat T y th K Khi o tren man hnh ieu khien xuat hienam h: 8025 TIS Su p H ng D uo ** GENERAL TEST Tr ight yr Cop
Chi P. Ho
Min
**
PASSED
Nhan phm OP MODE e vao menu chnh cua bo ieu khien:
** OPERATION MODE **
0 AUTOMATIC 1 SINGLE BLOCK 2 PLAY BACK 3 TEACH IN 4 DRY RUN 5 JOG\HOME SEACH 6 EDITING 7 PERIFERALS 8 TOOL OFFSETS/G53-G59 9 SPECIAL MODES Tuy theo chc nang hoat ong cua may, chon so tng ng. Thao tac bang tay tren may: e thao tac bang tay, nhan phm so 5 (JOG/HOME SEARCH). Vi la chon nay, ta co the thao tac tren tat ca cac chc nang cua may tien CNC Magnum. V du:
- Muon cho truc chnh quay vi toc o 500vong\phut theo chieu kim ong ho: nhap S500 M03, sau o nhan CYCLE STAR (ca ang v tr ong) truc chnh se chay ung vi toc o, chieu a khai bao. Co the tang hoac giam toc o bang cach nhan phm + hoac tren bo ieu khie n. - Muon di chuyen ban xe dao: nhan phm X+, X-, Z+, Z-, ban may se di chuyen . Co the thay oi toc o di chuyen cua cac ban may bang cach thay oi v tr nut van FEED tre n bo ieu khien. C o the cho ban may chay che o Step (tng bc) bang cach van nut FEED sang v tr JOG. Bc nho nhat may co the thc hien c la 1 m va ln nhat la 10mm. - Muon thay dao T02 len v tr gia cong: nhap vao T02.00 sau o nhan phm CYCLE START, khi o o dao se a dao so T02.00 vao v tr gia cong. - Muon xac nh chuan may: nhan phm X, nhan phm F1 (HOME), nhan phm CYCLE START, truc X se di chuyen ve chuan. Vi truc Z lam tng t. - Ngoai ra co the m, ong ca bang lenh M11, M10. M, tat he thong ti nguoi h Min bang lenh M8, M9. Chi P. Ho uat T Soan thao mot chng trnh tren bo ieu khien 8025 th y TIS: am K ph - e tr ve Menu chnh, nhan phm u MODE, muon soan thao mot chng trnh mi DH SOP ng nhan phm 6 (EDITNG), t Truo nhan phm F2 [PR.SEL], at ten chng trnh vi 5 ky t sau o h y ig nhan phm ENTERova rnhap chng trnh bang cac phm so va ch co tren bo ie u khien. C p - Muon xoa mot cau lenh: di chuye n vet sang en cau lenh o (bang cac phm mui ten), nhan phm DELETE. - Muon chnh sa mot cau len: di chuyen vet sang en cau le nh o (bang cac phm mui ten), nhan phm RECALL, cau lenh o se xuat hien vu ng soan thao. Khi o co the sa bat ky thong so nao. Chu y: Khi chnh sa hoac viet xong mot cau lenh phai nhan phm ENTER e bo ieu khien cap nhat cau lenh mi va chng trnh. Mo phong chng trnh: Nhan phm OP MODE, nhan phm 4 [DRY RUN] khi o man hnh xuat hien 0 G FUNCTION 1 G, S, T, M FUNCTION 2 GRAPID MOVE 3 THEORETICAL PATH
Nhan phm 3 [THEORETICAL PATH: co c hnh anh mo phong dang khung day tren man hnh bo ieu khien (nen chon che o mo phong nay v s an toan cho may).Khi o nhap ten chng trnh can mo phong, so th t cua cau lenh cuoi cung cua chng trnh, cho n khong gian mo phong theo X va Z. Sau o nhan phm CYCLE START. Quan sat man hnh 87 Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
thay c qua trnh mo phong cua chng trnh. Neu chng trnh b loi may se ngng qua trnh mo phong. Sa lai chng trnh va cho mo phong lai. Cac bc thc hien gia cong tren may tien CNC Magnum: - Khi o ng may tien CNC Magnum; - Xac nh chuan may M; - Ga phoi va dao len may; - Xac nh chuan chi tiet W (trung chuan thao chng P) - Goi chng trnh gia cong (neu a co trong bo nh) hoac soan thao chng trnh; - Mo phong e kiem tra, chnh sa chng trnh; - Tien hanh gia cong (bang cach nhan phm 0 -[AUTOMATIC], nhan phm CYCLE STSRT); - Ket thuc, thoat khoi he ieu khien, tat may. 3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khie n FAGOR a) G codes / Fagor G00 G01 G02 G03 G08 G09 G33 G36 G39 G40 G41 G42 G50 G53-G59 G64 G68 G69 G70
uat T y th K pham Su tr xac nh (kho ng cat got) Dch chuyen nhanh en v g DH ruon Noi suy ht ng thang T yrig Cop Noi suy vong theo chieu kim ong ho
Noi suy vong theo chieu ngc chieu kim o ng ho Noi suy dang tiep tuyen ng thang va ng tron Noi suy ng cong qua ba iem Tien ren Bo gia hai ng tron giao nhau Vat canh Ket thuc hien chnh ban knh dao Hieu chnh ban knh dao trai Hieu chnh ban knh dao phai
Chi P. Ho
Min
Nhap cac thong so cua dao khi s dung lenh hieu chnh Hieu chnh gia tr offset dao Chu trnh gia cong nhieu oan cung tron Chu trnh gia cong tho song song truc Z Chu trnh gia cong tho song song truc X He inches
G71 G74 G81 G82 G83 G84 G85 G86 G87 G88 G89 G90 G91 G94 G95 G96 G97
He met a ban may ve chuan Chu trnh tien tho // truc Z vi ng gii han thang Chu trnh tien tho // truc X vi ng gii han thang Chu trnh khoan lo sau Chu trnh tien tho // truc Z vi ng gii han cong Chu trnh tien tho // truc X vi ng gii han cong Chu trnh tien ren tru Chu trnh tien ren mat Chu trnh tien ranh // truc X Chu trnh tien ranh // truc Z Toa o tuyet oi
uat T y th K ham Gia tr F co n v mm/phup(inches/phut) Su t g DH ruon mm/vong(inches/vong) Gia tr Fht n v co T yrig Cop Gii han toc o truc chnh
Toa o tng oi Toc o truc chnh theo vong/phut
Chi P. Ho
Min
b) M - codes / Fagor M00 M01 M02 M03 M04 M05 M08 M09 M10 M11 M30 Dng chng trnh Dng chng trnh co ieu kien Ket thuc chng trnh Truc chnh quay cung chieu kim ong ho Truc chnh quay ngc chieu kim on g ho Dng truc chnh M ti nguoi Tat tt nguoi M cua ong cua Ket thuc chng trnh va tr lai au chng trnh
c) Dien giai mot so chu trnh cat khac biet cua he ieu khien Fagor - Chu trnh tien tho song song truc Z theo mot quy ao cho trc G68:
Y ngha cua cac tham so :
uat T y th mK P0 tao o X iem bat au bien danpha tiet (XA); Su g chi g DH ruon n dang chi tiet (ZA); P1 - tao o Z iem bat T u bie a ht yrig P5 chieuCop lp cat tho; sau
P7 chieu sau lp cat tinh theo X; P8 chieu sau lp cat tinh theo Z; P9 toc o F cat tinh;
Chi P. Ho
Min
P13 so th t cau lenh bat au cat bien dang chi tiet; P14 so th t cau lenh cat cuoi cung bien dang chi tiet; - Chu trnh tien tho song song truc X theo mot quy ao cho trc G69
Y ngha cua cac tham so cung tng t nh chu trnh G68
- Chu trnh tien ren tru - G86
Y ngha cua cac tham so: P0 tao o X cua iem A; P1 - tao o Z cua iem A; P2 tao o X cua iem B; g DH Su n Truo t m B; h P3 tao o Z cuagie yri Cop P4 chieu cao ren; P5 chieu sau lp cat tho; - Chu trnh cat ranh // truc X G88:
pham
h Min Chi sau moi lan cat; P6 khoan g Ho i dao lu P. uat T sau lp cat tinh; h P7 Ky t chieu
P10 bc ren; P11 khoang vuot chan ren; P12 goc ren.
Y ngha cua cac tham so nh sau: P0 toa o X cua iem A; P1 - toa o Z cua iem A; P2 toa o X cua iem B;
P3 toa o Z cua iem B; P5 be rong dao cat ranh; P6 khoan g lui dao sau moi lan cat; P15 thi gian d ng sau moi lan cat.
PHU LUC 1
BAI TAP OC HIEU CHNG TRNH NC
I. Yeu cau
inh - oc, hieu chng trnh NC t cac phan mem phay va tienChi M n g. mo pho P. Ho at X ung T p OpYp va XpOpZp hoac YpOpZp - Ve hnh dang chi tiet gia cong tren cac matypha th am K t. (chuan va he toa o thao chng) tren giay ke milime u ph DH S g - Dng hnh chi tiet gia coon (3D) va tao ban ve chi tiet tren may tnh. ru ng tT h yrig Cop II. Bai tap
1. Bai tap phay NC (phan mem phay mo phong) Bai tap phay 1 8 2. Bai tap tien NC (pha n mem tien mo phong) - Bai tap tien 1 5
Bai tap phay 1
92
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * Phoi: * Dao phay ngon: * Lech chuan: 200 x 200 x 20 T1 (N2) (P-M) x = 100 ; (P-M) y = 100 ; (P-M) z = 20
N10 G17 N20 G90 N30 T1 S2200 M3 N40 G0 X0. Y0. N50 G0 Z2. N60 G1 Z-5. F50. N70 G2 X80. Y0. R40. N80 G3 X40. Y0. R20. N90 G1 X0. Y0. uo Tr
HS ng D u ph y th am K uat T Chi P. Ho Min h
ight opyr X0. Y-80. R40. C N100 G2
N110 G3 Y-40. R20. N120 G1 X0. Y0. N130 G2 X-80. Y0. I-40. J0. N140 G3 X-40. Y0. I20. J0. N150 G1 X0. Y0. N160 G2 X0. Y80. I0. J40. N170 G3 X0. Y40. I0. J-20. N180 G1 X0. Y0. N190 G0 Z200. N200 G0 X-150. Y150. N210 M5 N220 M2
Bai tap phay 2
93
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * Phoi: * Dao phay ngon: * Lech chuan: 130 x 118 x 20 T1 (N4) (P-M) x = 0 ; (P-M) y = 0 ; (P-M) z = 20
N10 G17 N20 G90 N30 T1 S1500 M3 N40 G0 X-12. Y0. N50 G0 Z-5. N60 G42 N70 G1 X70. Y10. F100. N80 G1 Y20.
HS N90 G2 X90. R10. ong D u Tr ight N100oG1 Y10. yr C p

N110 G1 X116. N120 G3 X126. Y20. R10. N130 G1 Y38. N140 G3 X120. Y44. R6. N150 G1 X100. N160 G2 X100. Y70. R13. N170 G3 X100. Y110. R20. N180 G1 X20. N190 G3 X20. Y10. R112. N200 G1 X30. N210 G40 N220 G0 Z200. N230 G0 X-50. Y150. N240 M5 N250 M2
u ph
y th am K
uat T
Chi P. Ho
Min
Bai tap phay 3

94
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: LX=100; LY = 80; LZ = 20
(M-P) X = 0 ; (M-P) Y = 0 ; (M-P)Z = 20 T 1 (N2) T 2 (N4)
N10 G90 N20 G17 N30 T1 S2000 M3 N40 G0 X-7. Y0. N50 G0 Z-5. N60 G42 N70 G1 X30. Y5. F60. N80 G2 X70. Y5. I20. J0. N90 G1 X85. Y5.
C N100 G3 X95. Y15. I0. J10. ight opyr Tr uo HS ng D u ph
N230 G1 X20. Y5. N240 G40 N250 G0 Z200. N260 G0 X-50. Y150. N270 T2 S1000 M3
Ho C TP. N290 at Z-5. hu G0 Ky t am
N280 G0 X50. Y92. inh hi M N300 G1 X50. Y72. F100. N310 G0 Z2. N320 G0 X112. Y40. N330 G0 Z-5. N340 G1 X92. Y40. F100. N350 G0 Z2. N360 G0 X45. Y-12. N370 G0 Z-5. N380 G1 Y7. F100. N390 G1 X55. Y7. F100. N400 G1 Y-15. N410 G0 Z200. N420 G0 X-50. Y150. N430 M5 N440 M2
N110 G1 X95. Y25. N120 G2 X95. Y55. I0. J15. N130 G1 X95. Y65. N140 G3 X85. Y75. I-10. J0. N150 G1 X65. Y75. N160 G2 X35. Y75. I-15. J0. N170 G1 X15. Y75. N180 G3 X5. Y65. I0. J-10. N190 G1 X5. Y50. N200 G2 X5. Y30. I0. J-10. N210 G1 X5. Y15. N220 G3 X15. Y5. I10. J0.
Bai tap phay 4

95
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * Phoi: * Dao phay ngon: * Lech chuan: 80 x 60 x 20 T1 (N3) (P-M) x = 0 ; ; T2 (N2) (P-M) z = 20
(P-M) y = 0 ;
N10 G90 N20 G17 N30 G94 N40 T1 S1800 M3 N50 G0 X-8. Y-2. N60 G0 Z-5. N70 G42 N80 G1 X58. Y4. F70. N90 G3 X58. Y40. R18.ht
C N100 G1 X52. Y40. ig opyr ng D Truo H Su
N200 G0 X108. Y47. N210 G0 Z-5. N220 G1 X56. F70. N230 G1 Y55. N240 G1 X110. N250 G0 Z200. N260 huat T M5
Chi P. Ho Min h
yt am K T2 S2000 M3 ph N270
N280 G0 X58. Y22. N290 G0 Z2. N300 G75 Q4 Z-8. R12. D8. F50. N310 G0 X38. Y14. N320 G72 Q4 X10. Y46. Z-10. D10. F50 N330 G0 Z200. N340 G0 X-50. Y150. N350 M5 N360 M2
N110 G2 X44. Y48. R8. N120 G1 X44. Y50. N130 G3 X38. Y54. R6. N140 G1 X4. Y54. N150 G1 X4. Y8. N160 G1 X9. Y4. N180 G40 N190 G0 Z5.
Bai tap phay 5

96
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI : LX=150; LY = 150; LZ = 20
* LECH CHUA N:
(M-P) X = 75 ; (M-P) Y = 75 ; (M-P) Z = 20
* DAO PHAY NGON: T 1 (N4);
N10 G17 N20 G90 N30 G94 N40 T1 S1000 M3 N50 G0 X0. Y0. N60 G0 Z2. N70 G75 Q4 Z-5. R65. D18. F50. u pham N80 G0 X0. Y87.
C N90 G0 Z-8. T ht yrig op ruon S g DH Ky
N250 G40 N260 G0 Z2. N270 G0 X75. Y75. N280 G1 Z-8. F80.
hi Ho C P. G0 X75. Y-75. N300 tT thua
N290 G0 Z2. Minh
N310 G1 Z-8. F80. N320 G0 Z2.
N330 G0 X-75. Y-75. N340 G1 Z-8. F80. N350 G0 X-75. Y75. N360 G1 Z-8. F80. N370 G1 X-90. Y90. N380 G0 Z200. N390 M5 N400 M2
N100 G1 X0. Y85. F100. N110 G41 N120 G3 X38. Y66. R80. N130 G2 X66. Y38. R28. N140 G3 X75. Y0. R80. N150 G3 X66. Y-38. R80. N160 G2 X38. Y-66. R28. N170 G3 X0. Y-75. R80. N180 G3 X-38. Y-66. R80. N190 G2 X-66. Y-38. R28. N200 G3 X-75. Y0. R80. N210 G3 X-66. Y38. R80. N220 G2 X-38. Y66. R28. N230 G3 X0. Y75. R80. N240 G3 X38. Y66. R80.
97
Bai tap phay 6

* DAO PHAY NGON: T 1 (N3); T 2 (N2) * LECH CHUA N: (M-P) X = 0 ; (M-P) Y = 0 ; (M-P)Z = 30
N10 G90 N20 G94 N30 T1 S1800 M3 N40 G0 X-8. Y-1. N50 G0 Z-5. N60 G42 N70 G1 X30. Y5. F60.
N250 G0 X20. Y20. N260 G72 Q4 X80. Y60. Z-10. D10. F60. N270 G0 X50. Y40.
T ht N80 G2 X70. Y5. R35. rig y Cop N90 G1 X85. Y5.

N100 G3 X95. Y15. R10. N110 G1 X95. Y20. N120 G2 X95. Y50. R25. N130 G1 X95. Y65. N140 G3 X85. Y75. R10. N150 G1 X65. Y75. N160 G2 X35. Y75. R30. N170 G1 X15. Y75. N180 G3 X5. Y65. R10. N190 G1 X5. Y50. N200 G2 X5. Y30. R12. N210 G1 X5. Y15. N220 G3 X15. Y5. R10. N230 G40 N240 G0 Z2.
ruo
HS ng D
up
h Min Chi N280 G75 P. Ho Q4 Z-20. R15. D10. F60. tT thua Ky ham N290 G0 Z200.
N275 G0 Z-8. N300 G0 X-50. Y150. N310 M5 N320 T2 S2200 M3 N330 G0 X15. Y17. N340 G0 Z2. N350 G82 Z-17. F40. N360 G82 X85. Y17. Z-17. F40. N370 G82 X85. Y63. Z-17. F40. N380 G82 X15. Y63. Z-17. F40. N390 G80 N400 G0 Z200. N410 G0 X-50. Y150. N420 M5 N430 M2
98
Bai tap phay 7

* DAO PHAY NGON: T 1 (N4); T 2 (N2) * LECH CHUA N: (M-P) X = 0; (M-P)Y = 0 ; (M-P) Z = 30
N10 G90 N20 G17 N30 G94 N40 T1 S1200 M3 N50 G0 X-15 Y5 N60 G0 Z-8
N250 G0 Z2 N260 G0 X-15 Y100 N270 G0 Z-8 N280 G1 X45 Y100 F100 N290 G0 Z2.
N480 M2 N5000 G82 Z-25 F50 N5010 G0 U20 N5020 G80 nh i Mi Ch Ho N5030 M99 TP. N6000 G22 A5000 H5 N6010 G0 U-100 V15 N6020 M99
th N300 G0 X165 Y100 Ky am u ph DH S g N70 G42 N310oG0 Z-8 ru n tT N80 G1 X25 Y15 F100righ N320 G1 X105 Y100 F100 y Cop N90 G2 X50 Y5 R30 N330 G0 Z2
N100 G1 X100 Y5 N110 G3 X115 Y10 R15 N120 G2 X130 Y15 R15 N130 G1 X140 Y15 N140 G3 X140 Y75 R65 N150 G1 X110 Y75 N160 G2 X100 Y85 R10 N170 G3 X50 Y85 R60 N180 G2 X40 Y75 R10 N190 G1 X15 Y75 N200 G3 X5 Y65 R10 N210 G2 X5 Y30 R35 N220 G3 X15 Y15 R15 N230 G1 X20 Y15 N240 G40 N340 G0 X135 Y70
uat
N350 G72 Q7 X15 Y20 Z-15 D18 F100 N360 G0 X75 Y45 N370 G75 Q7 Z-15 R35 D18 F100 N380 G0 Z300 N390 G0 X-50 Y150 N400 M5 N410 T2 S2000 M3 N420 G0 X25 Y30 N430 G0 Z2 N440 G22 A6000 H3 N450 G0 Z300 N460 G0 X-50 Y150 N470 M5
99
Bai tap phay 8

Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: LX=150; LY = 150; LZ = 30
(M-P) X = 0 ; (M-P) Y = 0 ; (M-P)Z = 30 T 1 (N4); T2 (N1)
N10 G90 N20 G17 N30 G94 N40 T1 S1500 M3 N50 G0 X-12. Y150. N60 G0 Z-8. N70 G41 N80 G1 X50. Y140. F100. ight opyr C N90 G3 X100. Y140. R40. N100 G1 X130. Y140. N110 G2 X140. Y130. R10. N120 G1 X140. Y110. N130 G3 X150. Y50. R50. N140 G1 X150. Y40. N150 G2 X115. Y5. R35. N160 G1 X100. Y5. N170 G3 X50. Y0. R40. N180 G2 X0. Y50. R50. N190 G3 X10. Y100. R40. N200 G1 X10. Y120. N210 G2 X30. Y140. R20. N215 G1 X40. Y140. N220 G40 N230 G0 Z200. N240 G0 X-50. Y150.
N250 M5 N260 T2 S2200 M3 N270 G0 X25. Y25. N280 G0 Z2. N290 G22 A5000 H4 i Min h Ho C TP. N300 thuat G0 Z2. Ky ham Su p N310 G0 X30. Y115. N320 G22 A6000 H4 N330 G0 Z200. N340 G0 X-50. Y150. N350 M5 N360 M2
uon Tr
g DH
N5000 G72 Q3 U20. V20. Z-10. D6. F50. N5010 G0 U25. V25. N5020 M99
N6000 G75 Q3 Z-15. R12. D5. F50. N6010 G0 U28. V-28. N6020 M99
100
Bai tap tien 1

Ve hnh chi tiet gia con g (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh tien mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: N10 G90 N20 G95 N30 T1 S1000 M3 N40 G0 Z0. N50 G0 X115. N60 G1 X-5. F0.2 N70 G0 Z3. N80 G0 X115. LX=110; (M-P) Z = 198 T 1 (A2); T2 (A4); T3 (B2); T4 (S1); N230 G0 X115. Z-150. N240 G1 X-5. F0.1 N250 G0 X115. N260 G0 X200. Z200. N270 M5 LZ = 180
gD ruon TF0.2 N90 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D2. ight opyr C N100 G0 X200. Z200.
N110 M5 N120 T2 S2000 M3 N130 G22 A5000 H1 N140 G0 X115. N150 G0 X200. Z200. N160 T3 S300 M3 N170 G0 Z2. N180 G0 X0. N190 G1 Z-33. F0.13 N195 G0 Z3. N200 G0 X200. Z200. N210 M5 N220 T4 S500 M3
i N280 M2 hi M Ho C . t TP thua Ky pham N5000 G0 X49. Z2. H Su

N5020 G1 Z0. F30. N5030 G1 X52. Z-1.5 N5040 G1 X52. Z-25. N5050 G1 X48. Z-28. N5060 G1 X48. Z-33. N5070 G1 X68. Z-33.
nh
N5080 G1 X70. Z-34.5 N5090 G1 X70. Z-75. N5100 G1 X66. Z-78. N5105 G1 X66. Z-81. N5110 G1 X74. Z-81. N5120 G1 X104. Z-97. N5130 G1 X104. Z-155. N5140 M99
101
Bai tap tien 2

Ve hnh chi tiet gia con g (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh tien mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: N10 G18 N20 T1 S1000 M4 N30 G0 X122. Z2. N40 G71 A5000 Q5080 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.1 N50 G0 X121. Z0. N60 G22 A5000 H0 N70 G0 X200. Z200. N80 M5 N90 M2 LX=120; (M-P) Z = 220 T 1 (A2); T2 (G1); T3 (S2); N5090 M5 N5100 T2 S1000 M4 N5110 G0 X120. Z-125. N5120 G3 X100. Z-145. R20. N5130 G1 Z-160. N5140 G1 X120. Z-160.h Min Chi N5150 G0 P. Ho Z200. X200. tT thua Ky ham N5160 M6 N5170 T3 S1000 M4 N5180 G0 X50. Z-55. N5190 G1 X45. N5200 G0 X200. Z200. N5210 M5 N5220 T2 S1000 M4 N5230 G0 X50. Z2. N5240 G76 X45. Z-50. K2.5 D1. H2 F5. N5250 M99 LZ = 200
tT N5000 G1 X45. Z2.opyrigh C N5010 G1 X50. Z-4.

N5020 G1 X50. Z-55. N5030 G1 X80. Z-55. N5040 G1 X80. Z-75. N5050 G1 X90. Z-75. N5060 G3 X100. Z-85. R10. N5070 G1 X100. Z-105. N5080 G3 X120. Z-125. R20.
ruo
HS ng D
up
102
Bai tap tien 3

Ve hnh chi tiet gia con g (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh tien mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: N10 G18 N20 T1 S1000 M4 N30 G0 X110. Z0. N40 G1 X-2. F0.1 N50 G0 Z2. LX=108; (M-P) Z = 160 T 1 (A1); T2 (A4); T3 (B3); T4 (I2); T5(S1); N210 G0 X10. N215 G0 Z5. N220 G0 X200. Z100. N222 T5 S1000 M4 N224 G0 X110. Z-80. N5110 G0 X120. Z-125. N5120 G3 X100. Z-145. R20. N5130 G1 Z-160. N5140 G1 X120. Z-160. LZ = 142
N5150 h X200. Z200. Min G0 N226 G1 X-2. Z-80. F0.05 Chi P. Ho N5160 M5 uat T N70 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D3. F0.1 N228 G0 X110. Z-80. y th am K N5170 T3 S1000 M4 u ph N80 G0 X200. Z100. N229 G0 X200. Z100. DH S g N5180 G0 X50. Z-55. ruon N90 T2 S1200 M4 t T N230 M5 igh opyr N5190 G1 X45. N100 G0 X39. Z1. C N240 M2 N60 G0 X110. N110 G22 A5000 H1 N120 G0 X200. Z100. N130 T3 S1000 M4 N140 G0 X0. Z2. N150 G1 Z-100. F0.1 N160 G0 Z2. N170 G0 X200. Z100. N175 M5 N180 T4 S1000 M4 N190 G0 X30. Z1. N200 G1 X18. Z-2. F0.05 N5000 G1 X45. Z2. N5010 G1 X50. Z-4. N5020 G1 X50. Z-55. N5030 G1 X80. Z-55. N5040 G1 X80. Z-75. N5050 G1 X90. Z-75. N5060 G3 X100. Z-85. R10. N5070 G1 X100. Z-105. N5080 G3 X120. Z-125. R20. N5090 M5 N5100 T2 S1000 M4 N5200 G0 X200. Z200. N5210 M5 N5220 T2 S1000 M4 N5230 G0 X50. Z2. N5240 G76 X45. Z-50. K2.5 D1. H2 F5. N5250 M5 N5260 M99
103
Bai tap tien 4

Ve hnh chi tiet gia con g (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh tien mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: N5 G95 N10 G90 N20 T1 S1000 M4 N30 G0 X104. Z0. N40 G1 X0. F0.2 N50 G0 X104. Z2. N60 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.1 N70 G0 X200. Z200. N80 M5 LX=100; (M-P) Z = 150 T 1 (A1); T2 (A4); T3 (G1); T4 (B3); T5(S1); N200 G0 X200. Z200. N210 M5 N220 T5 S1000 M4 N230 G0 X104. Z-100. N240 G1 X-1. F0.1 N250 G0 X104. N260 G0 X200. Z200.inh hi M Ho C N270 M2 P. uat T y th G0 X42. Z2. N5000 mK N5010 G1 Z0. F0.1 N5030 G1 Z-22. N5040 G1 X48. Z-25.2 N5050 G1 Z-30. N5060 G1 X68. N5070 G1 X70. Z-32. N5080 G1 Z-58. N5090 G1 X66. Z-60.2 N5100 G1 Z-63. N5110 G2 X70. Z-65. R2. N5120 G1 X74. N5130 G1 X100. Z-78. N5140 G0 X104. N5150 M99 N5020 G3 X52. Z-5. R5. LZ = 132
t N90 T2 S1500 M4 opyrigh C N100 G22 A5000 H1

N110 G0 X200. Z200. N120 M5 N130 T3 S800 M4 N140 G0 X74. Z-26.
uon Tr
Su g DH
pha
N150 G76 X66. Z-60. K2. D0.1 H7 F1.5 N160 G0 X200. Z200. N170 T4 S1500 M3 N180 G0 X0. Z2. N190 G83 Z-23. D5. H4 F0.2 N195 G80
104
Bai tap tien 5 Ve hnh chi tiet gia con g (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh tien mo phong di ay: Cho biet: * PHOI: * LECH CHUA N: * DAO: N10 G95 N20 G90 N30 T1 S1000 M4 N40 G0 X52. Z2. N90 G22 A5000 H1 N100 G0 X200. Z200. N105 M5 N110 T3 S1000 M4 N120 G0 X22. Z-15. right y Cop N130 G1 X14. F0.2 N140 G1 Z-16. N150 G0 X54. N160 G0 Z-90. N170 G1 X30. N180 G0 X46. N185 G1 X50. Z-88. N186 G0 X50. Z-90. N187 G1 X-2 N188 G0 X60. N190 G0 X200. Z200. N200 M5 N210 M2 LX=50; (M-P) Z = 140 T 1 (A1); T2 (A4); T3 (S1); N50 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.3 N60 G0 X200. Z200. N70 M5 N80 T2 S2000 M4 LZ = 121
uo Tr
HS ng D
u ph
h N5000 G0 X0.oZ2. i H C TP. huat N5010 Ky t G1 Z0. F0.1 am

N5030 G1 Z-10.
Min
N5020 G3 X10. Z-5. R5.
N5040 G1 X20. Z-11.42 N5050 G1 Z-25. N5060 G1 X17. Z-29.12 N5070 G1 Z-35.46 N5080 G1 X24. Z-45. N5085 G1 Z-55. N5090 G1 X35.84 Z-67.77 N5100 G2 X43. Z-70. R4. N5110 G1 X49. N5120 G1 X50. Z-71. N5130 G1 X100. N5140 M99
PHU LUC 2
BAI TAP SOAN THAO CHNG TRNH NC
I. Yeu cau
h - Nghien cu chi tiet, vach trnh t bc cong nghe cung vi viecnchon may, dao, che Mi Chi o cat. Thiet lap phieu nguye n cong. P. Ho uat T y th - Thiet ke quy ao cat am K h Su p DH ng phng phap THU CO NG (tren phan mem mo g - Soan thao chng trnh oNC ba ru n tT phong phay hoac tien) righ y Cop - Soan thao chng trnh NC bang phng phap T ONG (tren phan mem MillCam Designer2 va may phay CNC NOVAMILL)
II. Bai tap

1. Bai tap phay (ban ve so 1 en ban ve so 20) 2. Bai tap tien (ban ve so 1 e n ban ve so 10)
106

CADCAMCNC

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CADCAMCNC

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NGUYN NGC O

CAD CAM CNC

TRN G AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CH MINH 2004

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

o i opyr 1. Lch s phatC n cua may CNC trie

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

CIM (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING)

ruon tT h C yrig s d Cop lieu va thong tin

uat T y th K ham CAD Su p

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Tnh toan phan tch

Sap 86 Nastran Ansys... Sap 86 Nastran

Lap tai lieu thiet ke

DRAFTING) (VIEWS AND DRAWINGS Hnh 1- 2

AutoCAD Cimatron PRO

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

C s d lieu cong nghe

Sap xep day truyen san xuat

D tnh gia thanh san pham

ieu khien cac may NC va CNC

Lap ke hoach san xuat

ieu khien cac thiet b van chuyen Hnh 1- 3 6

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

LAP KE HOA CH SAN XUAT

Tnh toan phan tch, thiet ke toi u

Ve, soan tai lieu ky thuat Hnh 1 - 4

IEU KHIE N QUA TRNH SA N XUAT

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Mang lam viec

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

T ong hoa thiet ke

Khai niem san pham mi

Thiet ke san pham

Nhu cau th trng

Nhu cau trang thiet b mi

Ke hoach hoa qua trnh san xuat

T ong hoa ke hoach hoa qua trnh san xuat

Kiem tra chat lng

San xuat san pham

Lap bieu o san xuat

T ong hoa kiem tra chat lng

Trang thiet b ieu khien

Ve bieu o, lap nhu cau nguyen vat lieu

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Chng trnh ieu khien

Ban phm ieu khien - K tay - K t ong

H Su ng D uo Tn hieut Tr Man hnh igh yr Cop

May cat nh i Mi kim loai

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Hnh 1 - 7 Cac phng phap ieu khie n b)

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM

Hnh 1-10b ieu khien ng vien 5D.

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM