CARTESIAN:

dl = dx x + dy y + dz z ;

dr = dx dy dz

VECTOR DERIVATIVES

Gradient

T =

T T T x+ y+ z y z x
v x v y v z + + x y z

Divergence

v=

Curl

v v v v v v v = x z y + y x z + z y x y z z x x y

Laplacian

2T =

2T 2T 2T + + x 2 y 2 z 2
dr = dlr dl dl = r 2 sin drdd

SPHERICAL:

dl = dr r + rd + r sin d ;
T = 1 T 1 T T r+ + r r sin r

Gradient

Divergence Curl

v=

1 2 1 1 v (r v r ) + r sin (sin v ) + r sin 2 r r

v=

1 1 v v 1 1 v r (rv ) + (rv ) r (sin v ) r + r sin r sin r r r

Laplacian

2T =

1 1 1 2 T T 2T + 2 r sin + 2 2 r 2 r r r sin r sin 2

dr = rdr d dz

CYLINDRICAL:

dl = dr r + rd + dz z ;
T = 1 T T T r+ z + r r z
1 1 v v z + (rv r ) + r r r z

Gradient

Divergence

v=

Curl

1 v z v v r v z v 1 v = + (rv ) r z r + r r r z z r

Laplacian

2T =

1 T 1 2T 2T + r + r r r r 2 2 z 2

VECTOR IDENTITIES
TRIPLE PRODUCTS

(1) (2)

A (B C) = B (C A) = C (A B) A (B C) = B(A C) C(A B)

PRODUCT RULES

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

( fg) = fg + gf

(A B) = A ( B) + B ( A) + (A )B + (B )A
( fA) = f ( A) + A (f )

(A B) = B ( A) A ( B)
( fA) = f ( A) A (f )

(A B) = (B )A (A )B + A( B) B( A)

SECOND DERIVATIVES

(9) (10) (11)

( v) = 0 (T) = 0

( v) = ( v) 2 v
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS

Gradient Theorem Divergence Theorem

b a

(T) dl = T(b) T(a)

volume

( v)dr = v da
surface

Curl Theorem

surface

( v) da =
1 qQ r 40 r 2

boundary line

v dl

Coulombs Law

F=

Electric Field

F = QE

E= Qenclosed 0

1 40

(r) rdr r2
0

Gauss Law

E da =

E=

Electric Potential Poisson Eqn

V (b) V (a) = a E dl
b

E(r) = V (r)
V= 1 40

2V =

(r) dr r

Laplaces Eqn

2V = 0

Bl V (r, ) = Al r l + l +1 Pl (cos ) r l= 0

Boundary Conditions Legendre polynomials

Vabove = Vbelow P0 (x) = 1 P1 (x) = x

Vabove Vbelow = 0 n n

P2 (x) = (3x 2 1) 2

P3 (x) = (5x 3 3x) 2

Stored energy

P4 (x) = (35x 4 30x 2 + 3) 8

W = 1 2

W =

1 qiV (ri ) 2 i=1

(r)V (r)dr = 2 E
b = P n

dr

Bound charge densities Electric Displacement Linear Dielectrics

b = P
D = 0E + P P = e0E

D da = Q

f enclosed

D = 0 (1+ e )E = E

= r0 = (1+ e )0
Boundary Conditions Capacitance
|| || D||above D||below = Pabove Pbelow
Dabove Dbelow = f

C=

Q V

Biot-Savart Amperes Law Vector Potential Magnetic Forces Bound current densities Boundary Conditions

B(r) =

0 I 4

dl s 2 s
B = 0 J

B dl = I
B =A
F = qv B

0 enc

A(r) =

0 I 4

dl s

dF = Idl B
Kb = M n

Jb = M

B above B below = 0 (K n)
A above = A below

A above A below = 0K n n

Linear Media

M = mH

B = 0 (1+ m )H = H

= r0 = (1+ m )0
Stored Energy
W = 1 2

B dr
2

Faradays Law

E dl = dt
M 21 =

d dl1 dl 2 s

B da
S

Inductance

0 4

= L
B=0

dI dt

Maxwells Equations

0 B E = t
E=

E B = 0 J + 0 t

Polarization Current

Jp =

P t

Maxwells Equations in Matter D = f B=0 B E = t D H = Jf + t for linear media D = E P = 0 e E so that 1 H = B M = mH