IHABA HTPBA

HOHTHETO RHOBECTBO OHOPHH TOuKH,

IPAHHuHH TOuKH
Rnomara nn e no-nenosnar or erero. Ha-nanpe a
yrounnm ymara mnoma. Cnpemennnre menn onpeenxr c
rona nonxrne mnanre nnnnnn, xonro mnnanar npes r. nap.
npexoen nnn rpansnren" nepno, xaro nm orpexar mxcro n
onpeenena nspacrona rpyna. Bmecro a onpeenxme
mxcroro nm nn nspacronara nnpamna, mnoro no-
nnrepecno n nno a npnemem cmecrnynanero na ena
aneu no-mnpoxa n ornopena xareropnx na nnxenne, nsnn
cnoponere n npornnopeunxra na ncnxonosn, connonosn n
nenpoenoxpnnonosn.
Cnope nxxon cnennanncrn ercrnoro nponxana o 14-
ronmna nspacr, a mnomecrnoro mexy 14 n 18 ronnn ne e
nnmo noneue or npexo xm rpynara na nspacrnnre. pyrn
ro pasrnexar xaro onxnonen nepno na pac1ea oxm 20-
ronmna nspacr, npes xoro ce ocmecrnxna onpeeneno
pasnnrne na mycxynnara n nepnnara cncrema.
Connonosnre or cnox crpana ce copasxnar cc
cnpemennoro xnnenne na r. nap. saxcnenn mnomn" nnn
nporounnn cnenanero cn cryenrn, xonro nponxanar a
xnnexr npn ponrennre, maxap n nnnonernn. Hxxon
ncnxonosn n ncnxnarpn rnear na mnomecrnoro xaro na
nocneen e1an o1 e1c1no1o.
Kareo e ecuuocm muouecmeomo espacmoea epvna,
+apeuua.ua espacm u.u ceoeoopaseu eman om
npeepuauemo ua oememo e sp. :oeer?
11
ce ornacx n sa mnomara, xoro npexnnxna ypen nepno na
pasnnrne. Hpnmepr c omapnre n nanrycrnre, xonro, cne xaro
sarynar uepynxara cn, ce cxpnnar no cxannre, oxaro cn
nsrpaxr nona, noxasna no opasen naunn na-ope xonxo
xpexx n yxsnnm e mnomara. Axo ce cnyun npes rona npeme a
ar napanenn nnn a ar yapenn, pannre nm me ocranar
sannnarn n nonara uepynxa camo me cxpne enesnre, es a rn
nsnnun. Crpannunnre nnna nrpaxr mnoro naxna ponx nn
nsnnrannero na mnomnre, opn n es a nocxr xonxperna
orro nopnocr sa rxx. Bcnuxo, xoero re npanxr, moxe a
onpnnece sa pasnnrnero n camouyncrnnero nm, a nm nxne
cmenocr a npeoonexr cnaocrnre cn nnn, oparno a
sanouar oruaxnnero nnn enpecnxra nm. nec mnoro ena
cne 11-ara cn ronna npemnnanar npes enpecnnnn nepnon n
napanonnn ccroxnnx. Honxxora crnrar o neoocnonana
arpecnnnocr. Ho npeme na resn xpnsn" mnomara ce onnuna
cpemy ncxxa nopma, r xaro nma uyncrnoro, ue rosn, xoro
npoxapna orpannuennero, ne n my nosnonnn a e raxn,
xaxnro ncxa a e.
Hooooua sauumua pearu ooa:e eu npaeu oue no-
vseu+u.
Hpes rosn nepno na xpana xpexxocr, n crpemexa cn a ce
samnrxr or pyrnre rnnexpnre namnpar yexnme nnn n
enpecnxra, nnn xaro nsnpnemar orpnnarennn narnacn,
nsnaaxn n ccroxnne na nerarnnnsm. Tona rn npann ome
no-pa-nnmn.
B mare +o+eum ua no+ou +ore oa oooe cercm.
Te nce ome nxmar nonon xnnor ocnen nn nopaxennero
cn. Mnoro uecro nsnnrnar ]anmnn cexcyanen nnam,
cmecrnynam camo nn ]anrasnxra, xoro napnuame
macrypannx. B rpynn mnrone, xoraro mnanre nopan
nnnca na onepne n cee cn ce uyncrnar neyono n
ecrnnrennocrra na nspacrnnre, re namnpar noxpena nn
nopaxennero. Momuero nnn momnuero xaro ue nn ca
nporpamnpann a nsyxar sonara, xoxro me nm ae
neoxonmara cnna n cmenocr. Iennrannara uyncrnnrennocr
ce cyxa. Orryx nararx oaue mac-
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rypannxra ce npenpma or cpecrno npornn enpecnx n
xnonxa. Knonxa, samoro, maxap n a ce pasronapnar
nenpornuno, re ne namnpar onopa, sa a sacranar nnne n nnne c
ecrnnrennnre rpynocrn. He ycnxnar a noexr resn no-
cxopo nopaxaemn neocrarnn, nnymenn or neymecrnn
nsxasnannx na maxnre, xaro: Tn nnxora nxma a nocrnrnem
nnmo." Kax ncxam a re xapeca nxxoe momnue, xoraro cn
nnnarn mpcen!" Hnn nx nsxasnannx na oxonnnre, xonro
neouaxnano rn xapar a ce nsuepnxnar: Bnx rn, ma ne cn
espasnnuen. Tona raxero nn e?" Vxacno e sa mnomara a
e pasxpnr no rosn naunn. To ne e n ccroxnne a nsrpnn
raxona oron-nane na pannoro my uyncrno. Macrypannxra my
nomara a nsyn onesn nmnyncn, naroapenne na xonro me
npeoonee norncnarocrra cn. Ho sa cxanenne, xaro ce
saononxna camo nn nopaxennero cn, ro ne namnpa
ocraruno cnnn a norpcn noxpena n ecrnnrennocrra,
pyrapcrnoro nnn nmonra na pyro uonemxo cmecrno,
momue nnn momnue, c unxro nomom n nsnxsn or xanana,
nocranen my or nxxon espasnnunn nnn arpecnnnn nspacrnn.
Moxe n n pennnnn, r xaro ce cpemar nnna, xonro pennynar
rasn nenaroapna nspacr".
Cnomnxr cn, ue re camnre ca nnn napanxnann, xoraro ca
nnn na cmnre ronnn, n nmecro a ce crpemxr a ne
npnunnxnar noona onxa, crnrar o ome no-ronemn
xpanocrn, necnoconn a ce onnaexr, xaro ue nn crana
yma sa nemo no-cnnno or rxx: Kaxno mncnnm, xaro ue nn
na resn ronnn rn nsomo moxem a mncnnm... Hmam ome
xnro oxono ycrara." Koraro mnomara sanoune a nsxasna
mnenne n a ce nxnmuna n pasronop na nspacrnnre, re
psar a ro pasxoneaxr, nmecro rouno rorana a my aar
ymara, ero raxa: Hnrepecyna re, raxa nn? ope, xaxn xaxno
mncnnm. Bnx rn, nnrepecno..." Famara ne xenae a npneme,
ue cnnr my moxe a xaxe nemo nnrepecno, nemo, xoero
moxe a nposnyun nnrepecno sa ocranannre unenone na
cemecrnoro. To pxn a sanasn namomnero cn. Mnosnna
ne ymexr a ar amn na cnnonere cn. Hmonnrnoro e, ue
rona na-uecro ce cnyuna n
15
npnccrnnero na xennre n mepnre nm, no xoraro ocranar
camn c momuerara, re rn pasnpar no-ope. Famnre ne
xenaxr a cnoenxr na macara nnnmannero na cecennnnre
cn xm momuero, ocoeno axo ro e na pasnnuno mnenne.
Famara ne ncxa a naenee mnennero na cnna my.
Hoxoxmara ]pasa n morna a e: Bnx, or pasnnunn
noxonennx cme n mncnnm pasnnuno, xaxno no-xyano."
Koraro npexcnere mnomara, ro nnn ro npnema cc
cnnsxonrenna ycmnnxa: Tarxo ne onycxa, ue moxe a
rpemn, n ronxona no-sne sa nero", nnn saryna cmenocr a ce
nsxasna n a nonropn pyrae rona, xoero e xasan sa npnn
nr nxmn. Cnyuna ce nann oxonnnre a ro onenxr. 3apan
rona, ue n cemecrnoro ca ro nonennnn, erero ce uyncrna
norncnaro n cmxra, ue mncnnre my ne sacnyxanar nnnmanne.
H+euuo e mosu +o+eum mo ce uvroae om noorpena.
Mcmomo ua v:ume.ume npeoonpeoe. me oa noe+am
uaqemama.
He camo npenoanarennre no yuennre ncnnnnnnn, no n
yunrennre no ]nsnuecxo nsnnranne n resn no nsxycrnara.
Ha-neue re ca npnsnann a nscnymnar erero c neronoro
mnenne nnn onenxa sa mau, nsnoxa n r. n. Tpxna a ce
oxypaxanar ne camo ena, xonro nnnarn namnpar cnyua a
ce oaxr n ymexr a ce nsxnxnar, no n ncnuxn, xonro nmar
mnenne, no ocranar nacnnnn. ocraruen e nnpocr: Tn cn
mnunm, no, crpyna mn ce, nmam mnenne. Bnxx re xax
nnnmarenno nanmaname maua, cnrypno rn e xapecana
nrpara na nxxo cnoprncr?" Rnomara pasnpa, ue es a ce e
noxasan or axrnnnnre, onenxara my nma snauenne sa
npenoanarenx. Taxn noxo moxe a cnacn eno norncxano
or ponrennre ere.
Kpexxa, no uyecna nspacr, xoraro ce pearnpa
nonoxnrenno na ncnuxo! Camo ue rnnextpnre ne ro
noxasnar na momenra. Tona moxe a e nenpnxrno sa
nsnnrarenx, xoro ouaxna ps pesynrar, no mnoro nx
ncxana a ycnex a yex nspacrnnre a ynopcrnar n
ycnnnxra cn. Hxma a ce ymopx a nonrapxm sa ncnuxn, xonro
npenoanar na mnanre n ca na
16
nr a ce oruaxr, a ce crpemxr no ncxxaxn naunn a
nonnrar camouyncrnnero nm: Hponxanare, opn a nn ce
crpyna, ue mnomara nn ce nonrpana nnn nn oxornpa."
Koraro rnnexpnre ca n rpyna, re uecro xaro ue nn ce
nacmnnar na nspacrnnre, no xoraro ocranar camn,
ornomennero na npenoanarenx moxe a ce oxaxe mnoro
naxno sa rxx. Tpxna a ce nayunre a rpnnre
nonrpanxnre, xaro cn nonrapxre: Te mn ce nonrpanar,
samoro cm nspacren, no monre ymn nm nomarar n
nopxar yxa nm."
Haucmuua .u ua-rpexrama espacm e ua 11 eoouuu?
a, or 11 o 13 ronnn mnomnre ce nsuepnxnar, xpnxr nnne
c xocnre cn, maxar pne, xaro ce uyxr xax a xpnxr
npnrecnennero cn, cpama cn nnn nxxaxna pana moxe n sa nxn
xnnor.
Hvoepmemm .u e rv.+uuauma ua mosu rpumu:eu
nepuoo?
Bpxonnxr momenr e npemero na nororonxara sa npnoro
nmonno cnpnxocnonenne. Rnomara uyncrna, ue
cmecrnyna nxxaxn pncx. Tona ro npnnnnua n nnamn
enonpemenno. Hponemr e mnoro cepnosen n axryanen na
]ona na ronemnx po camoyncrna n camoyncrneno
noneenne. Ocnonnoro e cnenoro: ,Hpnnxr cexcyanen onnr
xaro npexnnxnane nnn onnpr cc cmprra pasrpcnar na-
cnnno mnomara..." Hmam npenn cncxa c pncxa, c
onacnocrra nnn nnncara na xenanne sa xnnor...
Mncnx, ue ncnuxo e cnpsano. Pncxr na npnara nmon ce
npexnnxna xaro corynane c ercrnoro. Ornna cn enn nepno
or xnnora. Kpaxr na ena enoxa, xoro npxnnra n
nsnenenxna mnomara noono na nmonno oranane. Tona e
rpeenr na nnnara! Ocoeno onacno e, axo ro ne e
npeoonxn. Tona e npenxrcrnnero, xoero me nanpann
mnomara orronopen, me ro nanpann rpaxannn. Enn
neoparnm axr. B cnpemennoro omecrno n rosn nmenno
pemnrenen momenr mnanre ca ocranenn na camnre cee cn,
r xaro ome ne e orxpnro rona, xoero n samecrnno
,pnryannre na nocnemenne", nxxora nsnpmnann c
nacrnnane na npemero na paspnna". Crana yma sa r. nap.
,cnmecrnn nsnnrannx", na xonro nonarann e-
na na enaxna nspacr, nesanncnmo ue ne ncnuxn nnn
ocraruno spenn, sa a moxe cnrnero a rn npomenn. Taxa
nnn nnaue, nno pasrpcnamo. Omecrnoro nm noxasnano, ue
or momenra, n xoro ca nocnerenn, ro rn cmxra sa ocronn a
ce nasonar mnomn. Hesanncnmo ann enara nnn yspenn sa
rona nnn ne, nspacrnnre nm noxasnann, ue rnear na rxx xaro
na nnnnnn, xonro morar a npemnnar n mnomecrnoro.
Cnpemennnre mnaexn ca nnmenn or nsmoxnocrra saeno
a npemnnar na pyrnx pxr, xaro pasunrar na nsanmnara cn
connapnocr. Bcexn cam sa cee cn rpxna a ce opn sa
npanoro cn na npexo. Tona nsncxna or rxx noemane na pncx.
Uepua Aqpura u Oreauu oaeam ua emuo.oeuma
+uoeoopouu npu+epu sa maruea oou:au ua noceeueuue u ua
nooeomoera. Humepecuo e oa ce suae rareu peueuu ca
npeo.aea.u opeeuume oouecmea, sa oa no+oeuam ua +.aoume
ee qasama ua npexooa. Ho npeou oa cpaeuu+ noeeoeuuemo ua
oouecmeomo npu pas.u:uume ueu.usauu u npeou oa euou+
rar cepe+euuume muouu ca+u u.u ua epvnu npeooo.eam
mpvouocmume ua oecmeume.uocmma, uera ce onuma+e oa
pasoepe+ rareo nperueea eceru uuoueuo. Tara ue omrpue+
ocuoeuama npo+ua, romo npeepua oememo e ooeu
muoua.
Ocnonnoro, xoero enexn xpax na ercrnoro, e
cnoconocrra a ce pasnnuana nopaxaemnxr cnxr or
ecrnnrennocrra, meurara or ecrnnrennnre
nsanmoornomennx.
Cne r. nap. ennona xpnsa"
2
, xoxro npornnonocranx
2 Ennon xounnexc (xpnsa). Cnope ncnxoanannsara ornomennxra c pyrnre xopa
n na-neue c ponrennre ca or pemanamo snauenne sa ncnxnunoro pasnnrne. Tesn
ornomennx mexy 3- n 5-ronmna nspacr npemnnanar npes r. nap. ]annuna nnn
ennona ]asa. Crana yma sa xomnnexc or necsnanann nen n uyncrna, cnpsann c
xenannero na erero a nsmecrn ponrenx or cmnx non or uyncrnara na nmon n
npnnpsanocr, xonro nma xm nero ponrenxr or npornnononoxnnx non. Hmero
nna or mnrnunnx Enn, xoro ynna ama cn n ce oxenna sa maxa cn, es a
snae, ue re ca neronn ponrenn. Ennonara xpnsa ce npeoonxna upes ncnxnuen
mexannsm, napeuen nenrn]nnnpane nsnpnemane na acnexrn or noneennero
na ponrenx or cmnx non n nn npsxa c rona uacrnuno orpnuane
(npenepernane) na ponrenx or npornnononoxnnx non. Cnope ncnxoanannsara
ennonnxr xomnnexc nrpae ocnonna ponx npn nsnnxnane na nenpornunoro
noneenne. * F. -p . Hepoxam.
* 3a. Hcnxoanannrnunnre repmnnn n xnnrara ca oxcnenn or nayunnx xoncynranr
r na nrapcxoro nsanne -p ann Hepoxam. F. pe.
momuero, cpamexnnno nnmeno n maxa cn, na amara
cnepnnx (sa nero ro n na-opnx cnyua e oexr na
nsxnmenne), crpacrnre ce yranoxnar n erero nannnsa nn
nspacrra, xoxro onpeenxme xaro cran na narenrnocr"
3
.
Karo csnana, ue ome e camo ere, ro c npnmnpenne ouaxna
emero. Ocsnana xcno oaue narenrnara cn cexcyannocr,
no npocro pasnpa, ue ne rpxna a rpcn oexra na cnoxra
nmon n cemecrnoro; cneonarenno n na-opnx cnyua
erero n xpax na ennonara xpnsa 8-ara 9-ara cn ronna,
nsnnrna cnnna, neannsnpana nexnocr xm maxa cn, oxaro
uyncrnara xm amara ca nsnnnenn enonpemenno c
onepne n cc crpax a ne n a npecrnn saxona, xoro
camnxr ama nonenxna n onnnernopxna. To e enonpemenno
rapanr na saxona n opasnon npnmep xax nmnyncnre morar a
ce nnaexr.
Hpn ncnuxn cnyuan na 11-ronmna nspacr ce cyxar
npnnre npnsnann na nononoro cspxnane nnn na
cexcyannocrra, xoxro n nauanoro, npen rxnoro a moxe a
yuacrna, namnpa nspas npen ncnuxo nn nopaxennero. V
momuero rona e nspacrra na npnnre nenonnn nonmnnn, a
npn momnuero momenrr na npnara mencrpyannx. Ho
npen rxnoro a pearnpa, momuero n momnuero, nsrnexa,
norornxr ]nsn-.onornuecxoro cn cspxnane nocpecrnom
nn ncnxnuecxa rpecxa na nopaxaema nmon xm moenn,,
napeuenn nec nonn. Te samecrnar reponre or mnnanoro.
Tasn nomxna ce ocmecrnn na-nanpe n CAB. 3nesnre" n
nonnre ce npenpmar n naprntopn npn ponennre nrpn, n
xonro nopaxaemoro nsmecrna ecrnnrennocrra.
More .u oa ce mepou, :e eouu uoe eooparae+ rueom
o:area oeama ua npaea ua muouecmeomo?
Hpnnxr nopaxaem xnnor sanouna na oxono 34-ro-
3 masa na na1en1noc1 (na1en1en nepno). Cnope 3nrmyn upo rona e
nepnor or xnnora na erero n xpax na 4-ara ronna o npnnre npoxnn na
nyeprera (xm 1 -ara ronna). Hapnuar ro ome nepno na emonnonanna rnmnna
mexy pamnre na ercrnoro n muennxra na mnomecrnoro". He e nsxcneno ann
rona e npoen ynnnepcanen ]enomen, cnpsan c ynxanane na xapaxrepnara
nonornuna nespxnocr n rasn nspacr, nnn e pesynrar or onuannre meron na
nsnnranne, xonro cnope ncnxoanannsara ca nacouenn xm norncxane na
nn]anrnnnnre (pan-noercxnre) cexcyannn npoxnn F. -p , Hepoxam.
nmna nspacr n nxnmuna nnnara or rpynara oxono erero.
Tona ca amara, maxara, parxra, cecrpnre n na-recnnxr
cemeen xpr. Bpsxara my c nnmnnx cnxr ce ocmecrnxna
nocpecrnom uyroro or ponrennre, no ro ne ro nnrepecyna
npxxo c nsxnmuenne na pamarnunn cnrnx or poa na
namecrnnx, nonn, npn xonro crpecennero sacxra
enonpemenno n ponrennre, n enara. B eno ornocnrenno
cnoxono omecrno cemecrnoro npecrannxna nnna
nperpaa or nnmnnx cnxr, sa xoro erero uepnn
nn]opmannx enncrneno or naunna, no xoro nnsxnre my
pearnpar, n or ymnre na amara. enara npnemar
esnpexocnonno mnennero na amara, nxnmunrenno n
nonnrnuecxnre my cnmnarnn. Koraro cmecrnyna necrnacne
mexy ponrennre, enara o 11-ronmnara cn nspacr ro
nonacxr mnuannno. Ho or rosn momenr nararx nponemr,
xoro e speen, me nsnese na nonpxnocrra. Bn nropnx
nopaxaem xnnor ponrennre nponxanar a ar
opnenrnp sa erero no ornomenne na cyexrnre, xonro ro
nnrepecynar nsnn cemenara cpea n xonro cyexrn na cno
pe noemar ]ynxnnxra a norornxr erero sa peannnx
xnnor... Famara, xororo ne onuar, samoro ce e pasnen c
maxara, nnn maxara, na xoxro ce rnea c nomo oxo, samoro
amara ronopn rann nema no nenn apec nnn ce ornacx sne
xm nex, aara no amnna nnnnx, xoxro mpasn cnaxa cn, no
xoxro erero onua nce xon]nnxrn, xonro cmymanar
nopaxaemnx xnnor na erero mexy 9- n 11-ronmnara my
nspacr n unnro nocnecrnnx nsnnynar na 11 ronnn.
ororana erero ne moxe a pasrpannun nopaxaemoro or
ecrnnrennoro. Ho axo e nmano nopmanno ercrno es
xaxnnro n a e cemenn pamn, orcera nararx ro me ce
nouyncrna cnoono a norpcn sa nonnx cn nopaxaem
xnnor npnmepn nsnn recnnx cemeen xpr. Bnpexn ncnuxo
cemecrnoro sanasna cnoxra cronocr xaro yexnme, no
erero neue ce ocnooxana or uyncrnoro, ue rpxna a nrpae
nxxaxna ponx n nero, n cn nocranx sa saaua a ycnee n
omecrnoro. Hxnara my eneprnx ce nacouna xm rpynara
npnxrenn or yunnnme, xm cnoprnn rpynn, xaxro n xm
nopaxaemnx xnnor, xoro renennsnxra,
xnnrnre n ]anrasnnre my no npeme na nrpa my npenarar.
Taxn e nepnor na npenyeprera, xoraro nopaxennero
npecxaua rpannnnre na cemecrnoro n ce npenacx npxy
nnmnnx cnxr. Ha npara na mnomecrnoro cmoro
nopaxenne me rnacne erero xm xonraxrn nsnn oma.
To me noncxa camo a pasepe pasnnxara mexy ]anrasnxra
n ecrnnrennocrra (cmo nno na nopaxennero), xaro cam
nnese n rpynn, sa xonro ronxona e ]anrasnpano n xonro
cnope nero ouennno cmecrnynar n ecrnnrennocrra, mom
ca npemer na pasronopn. Beue ro npnnnnuar manxn ra]n na
no-ronemn ena n cnnno xenae a ce nxnmun n rxx. Taxa, xaro
nsnese or cemecrnoro n ce cmecn c neue cmecrnynamn rpynn
(xonro nsnecrno npeme me my ar nsnncemena onopa),
ro me nannese n mnomecrnoro cn.
Tnnexpr ne moxe a cxca oxonuarenno c moennre
na cemenara cpea, npen a e namepnn pyrn, xonro me
saemar rxxnoro mxcro. He crana yma sa samecrnrenn, a sa
npomxna. 3a rosn, xoro neue e mnoma, npomxnara e
neoxonma, sa a nocrnrne onasn anronomnx, xoxro ce rpan
or ncnuxn cnrnx, xonro (cc cnonre manxn opacxnannx",
paocrn, rpynocrn n ycnexn) ro ouaxnar mexy 11-n 14-
ronmnara my nspacr. To nnn rx.
HIPHTE
upancoas onro: Koraro xx ere, nenpexcnaro cnopex c
npnxrenxnre cn: Ha xaxno ce xnamam na ac, na xaxno? Ha
nnmo. 3naun snaem, ue ne e raxa. He, mncnx, ue cm
npana, no nxmam xenanne a ce nonx na ac." Hpnxrenxnre mn
nce ce osanaraxa. Torana momnuerara ce nnrepecynaxa no-
manxo or porarnnxnre, orxonxoro nec.
nec momnuerara nrpaxr na rxx napanno c momuerara.
Tona ornema uacr or nnmsnxra, npncma na ncxxa nrpa.
Haprntopr nnn cnepnnxr e camo mamnna. Tosn nn nrpn
ne ca
21
neue mxxa paora. Momnuerara morar cmo a yuacrnar n
a sanarar. C nannnsanero na porarnnnnre n xnnora na erero
ro ryn ]anrasnxra, xoxro ce noxpanna or ercxoro nopa-
xenne: Hsuesna onona: Axo xx mnnnonep"... ______________
Onumax+e ce oa onpeoe.u+ espacmma, roeamo oeama
uae.usam e muouecmeomo u.u roeamo uacmnea npeum
,npexoo". Ko e noc.eouama epauua? Kareo npeocmae.ea
rpam ua muouecmeomo? Heepo.osume eoeopm npeou
ecu:ro sa paseumue ua uepeuama cucme+a: 20 eoouuu e sa
mx espacmma, roeamo +os:uama mrau e uan.uo
usepaoeua. Cneua.ucmume no qusu:ecru pacmer
omoe.seam, :e moeaea saepueam u noc.eouume
erocmeauu.
Ha 25-ronmna nspacr ce nrnpxna oxonuarenno xnmun-
nara.
Ppucmume npue+am sa opueumup espacmma, ua romo
muouama cmaea coeouo omeoeopeu. 3a neoaeoea rpam ua
muouecmeomo cenaoa c rpa ua sao.rume.uomo
oopasoeauue 16 eoouuu. Cnopeo sarouooame.ume ooa:e
moea mpoea oa ooe espacmma ua eparoaucromo
n.uo.emue, m. e. 18 eoouuu. Pauuume no.oeu epsru,
useuce+euume usmo:uuu ua uuqop+au, me.eeusuma,
v.uama, nmveauuma e :vrouua, cmaroeeme,
mpaucnopmuume cpeocmea sa uuoueuova.uo npuoeureaue
(ua oee ro.e.a) nocmaem noo enpoc espacmma, npuema sa
npeoe. ua muouecmeomo. He mpoea .u n.uo.emuemo oa
ooe usmee.euo ua 16-, 15- u.u 14-eoouuua espacm?
Heoaeosume ca npomue, ramo usmream uespe.ocmma u
oesomeoeopuocmma ua npera.euo noono+aeauume e uauu ouu
+.aoeru. Cuecmevea u +ueuue, :e mpoea oa ce om:umam
coua.uume ro+noueumu ua npoo.rume.uomo
oopasoeauue. Mo+:emama u +o+u:emama ce saopram no-
o.eo eruu, no-rcuo cr.m:eam opar, ramo npeono:umam
ceoooouama .mooe. Muoeo coua.uu qarmopu eoeopm e
no.sa ua +.aoerrama e+auunau. Ho-o.eomo
saopraue ua +.aoerume eruu csoaoe .o eouo noro.e-
22
uue om nocmmuouu u onpoeepea mesama ua
npuepreuuume ua pauuomo n.uo.emue. Pooume.ume ce
:vecmeam ece no-ooprauu, usnpaeeuu npeo mesu oee rpauu
+ueuu. Kar oa u+ ce no+oeue oa ce opueumupam? Koea
eeeumva.uo npur.m:ea muouecmeomo uaucmuua? C.eo ramo
ue +ore oa ce onpeoe.u mo:uama espacm, rareu ca noue
opueumupume?
Mnanxr uonex nsnnsa or mnomecrnoro rorana, xoraro
rpenorara na ponrennre my nxma neue nnxaxno sapxamo
nsecrnne npxy nero. Tona, xoero xasnam, moxe a ne e
mnoro npnxrno sa ponrennre, no ncrnnara e raxana n rx n
morna a nm nomorne a nornenar rpesno na nponema.
enara nm ce npenpmar nn nspacrnn, xoraro ca n
ccroxnne a ce ocnooxr or ponrencxoro nnnxnne:
,Ponrennre ca raxnna, xaxnnro ca. He mora a rn npomenx n
nxma nyxa a ce onnrnam. Honexe re ne me npnemar raxn,
xaxnro cm, ro cn e sa rxxna cmerxa. a npanxr xaxnoro
mar." Hpn rona re mncnxr raxa, es a nsnnrnar n na-manxo
uyncrno na nnna. B rosn momenr na nnoornopen paspnn
mnoro ponrenn ca cxnonnn a onnnxnar enara cn, samoro
crpaar n ce rpenoxar, ue ne morar noneue a rn xonrponnpar:
,Kaxno me crane c rxx... Te nxmar onnr..." n r. n.
Bs+oruo .u e rpam ua muouecmeomo oa uacmnu
+uoeo npeou 16-ama eoouua?
He, samoro omecrnoro ne ro nosnonxna. Orronopr n
nn a", axo omecrnoro eme ycrpoeno raxa, ue a ana
nsmoxnocr na mnanre a npoanar rpya cn na 14-ronmna
nspacr c nen a cn nsxapnar xnxa. Ha 3ana oaue ne
cmecrnynar saxonnn naunnn sa nanycxane na ponrennre n
rasn nspacr, ocnen axo ne crana yma sa manonernn
npecrnnnnn, maprnnann nnn mnomn, nspxann or nnmnn
nnna, nonxxora c nen pasnpar.
nec ce cpemar mnoro nspacrnn, cxnonnn a nsnonsnar
roronnocrra, c xoxro ronxm po mnomn ce npenarar n
cexcyanno n emonnonanno ornomenne. B xpana cmerxa
mnanre
23
ce npnnyxanar a rprynar cc cee cn nesanncnmo ann
crana yma sa xnna noxnapa xaro ynnunara npocrnrynnx nnn
nycmncnena, xoraro nape c nspxxara ce npncnoxna
npanoro na nnnnna n neronoro rxno. Tosn non nn
sanncnmocr ce nxn na rona, ue saxonnre ne nosnonxnar na
mnanre a npnneuennar, maxap n manxo, no nce nax
ocraruno sa nocnon n cyna n nxxo cron sa enn. Taxa re
nxma a rexar na nnxoro n n cmoro npeme me nmar
nsmoxnocr sa paora nnn a sanounar nnarena ]opma na
oyuenne nnn cycnnpano nre-mecrnne c yuena nen.
Mncnx, ue omecrnoro moxe a nanpa nn mnoro n rona
ornomenne, xaro npennn crnnennn sa nrynannx,
oyuenne n csae nepnra or penn cnyxn".
C.eooeame.uo ouec npe+uuaeauemo e rameeopuma ua
espacmuume ce uspasea ua-ee:e e urouo+u:ecrama
uesaeucu+ocm.
B nxonomnuecxa nesanncnmocr, rnopuecxn norennnan n
ycnoxnane na nxxaxna npo]ecnx. Tona ca nemara, xonro
nosnonxnar na mnanx uonex a ce npncnocon n a ce
npncennn xm onpeenena connanna rpyna. Axo mnomara
npecrane a nonyuana nnn a nsema napn or ponrennre cn,
ne e paspemenne na nponema, n cnyua ue nxxo uyx
nspacren nsnn cemecrnoro nponxn a ro nspxa. opn
e no-nomo, samoro csana uyncrno na sanncnmocr, xaxnoro
xm ponrennre onxnoneno ne ce nsnnrna. Tona, xoero anar
ponrennre na enara cn, re no-xcno me aar na cnonre. Ho
noxpenara n marepnannara nomom, nonyuenn or crpannuno
nnne, sacnnnar n ome no-ronxma crenen npexnnxnanero sa
nnna, samoro nooen noapx nxma xax a ce npne, nnro a
ce npeae na cnenamoro noxonenne. Bnacrra npxy
nnunocrra na mnomara or noonn noxponnrenn, nnn
noxponnrenxn moxe a npeuynn sa nxn xnnor nonxra my,
opn cne xaro nacronnnnre cn ornar or rosn cnxr.
3anncnmocrra ce pasnnna no cncem nennnen naunn", es
npexrna cexcyanna arpecnx. Mnanxr uonex nonaa no
nnnxnnero na nnrennrenrnn n esxopncrnn nnna, noenn na
npn norne or naroponn mornnn.
Cemam ce sa eno nsxnmunrenno naapeno momnue, xoero
ce eme onpsano c oemanne npe cnoxra noxponnrenxa a
nsnnnn xaro nocneno neno xenanne nonxra a ocrane sa
nxn xnnor nauanna yunrenxa xaro nex. Ponrennre x nnn
nsronnnn, r xaro ne neuenena napn. Torana ce namnpa rasn
yunnnmna npexropxa, xoxro cncem esxopncrno noema
rexnnre sanxennx, es opn a cn ana cmerxa, ue xaro
sapanxna na momnuero a cnena nr, pasnnuen or nennx,
rx ncmnocr nsnpmna nacnnne n noryna nennre
cnoconocrn. Ha 16 ronnn rona momnue moxeno a ycnon
nxxaxn sanaxr, no r xaro nno nnrennrenrno n xenaeno na
ncxxa nena a sanpmn cpeno opasonanne n a nonyun
crenen axananp, npnema nomomra na npexropxara. Henara
e a ne nponxana n nnxaxn cnyua no-nararx
opasonannero cn. Bncmero opasonanne me re noryn, rn
rpxna na ncxxa nena a ce oraem na ocnonnoro yunnnme."
Koraro ce sanosnax c momnuero, ro nancrnna eme mnoro
sne. Ho rpnxnre na cnoxra noxponnrenxa ne e ycnxno a
nsxnnee nyeprera cn. Enncrneno n naroapenne na
ncnxoanannsa ycnx a ce ocnoon or oemannero a ocrane
sa nxn xnnor ercxa yunrenxa. To my e nonpeunno ororana
a xnnee nnnonenno n a ocmecrnn rona, sa xoero ce
uyncrname csaeno. Ho-xcno momnuero ycnx a
ocmecrnn meurnre cn.
Tosn npnmep noxasna xax npeanocrra xm uyx uonex,
noen nspxxara, moxe a ce oxaxe mnoro no-cnnna,
orxonxoro axo craname yma sa unen or cemecrnoro.
3axonomepno n ecrecrneno e mnanxr uonex a orxaxe a
ce nounnxna no-nponxnrenno, orxonxoro e neoxonmo na
ponrennre cn. To opn ce uyncrna no-ynepen or rona.
Ponrennre rpxna a ca ononnn, ue erero nm nocrnna
cnope nonxra cn. Hopmanno e cmo raxa mnomara a
npecrane a rn onua, axo re ne ro pasnpar. Tona osnauana,
ue e nacrnnno npemero, xoraro ro nma nyxa a onua
nxxoro, xoro ro pasnpa. Axo rosn nxxo ce oxaxe oaue or
npenmnoro noxonenne, rona moxe a saropmosn nannno
pasnnrnero my. Mnanre nmar nyxa a onuar cnon
npcrnnnn n a yspxnar
cpe rxx, a ne a ocranar sanncnmn or nxxo nspacren, xoro
nm e nn npnmep sa onpeenen nepno. Axo mnomara ocrane
nonnacren na raxona nnne, rona moxe a nma sa nero
paspymnrenen e]exr. Ha npn norne nspacrnnxr nomara na
mnomara a ce ocmecrnn, no ncmnocr ro norncxa, samoro
mnaexr cn mncnn, ue rpxna a my e npnsnarenen.
Hpnunnara e, ue mnomara ne e norpcnn cam nomomra my, a
mepocrra e omna xaro pesynrar or uyx nsop. B CAB
mnae xnre ycnxnar a ce yrnpxr, xaro npnneuennar nxxo
nen, es a npexcnar yunnnme. opn e npannno a yuacrnar
nn ]nnancnpanero na opasonannero cn. Bn upannnx rona e
nensmoxno. A xonxo e naxno a ne cn onpsan
nxonomnuecxn mexy 11-n 13-ara cn ronna n a nmam npano
a onpnnecem sa cocrnenoro cn pasnnrne n noner.
Or momenra, n xoro sanouname a rpernpame mnomnre
xaro necnoconn a namepxr cnoero mxcro n omecrnoro, nne
rn npenpmame n xnaca.
IHABA BTOPA
MEuTATA 3A BEuHATA MHAOCT.
MHTOBE H APXETHHOBE
Aumu:uama +umo.oeu e en.ueuue ua +e:mume sa
oesc+pmue. T oaea omeoeop u ua ocuoeuume enpocu,
roumo :oeer cu nocmae no omuoueuue ua cooeveauemo c
oemcmeomo, rarmo u ee epsra c muouecmeomo, roemo
euuaeu e ou.o u e usnumauue. H+euuo e aumu:uama
+umo.oeu ua+upa+e ecu:ru c.v:au ua oo.esueuo oc+uc.ue
ua :oeeurama cooa. Apxemunoeeme, sane:amauu e
ro.ermueuama na+em, eoom ua:a.omo cu om +umoee,
no:mu saevou.u cu+eo.urama cu, uo npeepua.u ce c
no+ouma ua eceruoueeuu esur u ua uapoouomo
eoopareuue e oopasu-cmepeomunu, rareumo ca rpacueum
Aoouuc u.u ome.u:auemo ua Hposepnuua.
Ho oa ce epue+ ua npeoua:a.uu +um, mosu, romo ce
paroa ua rpcmonm +erov Hsmora u 3anaoa e epromo
Cpeouse+uo+opue, acu+u.upa.o ecu:ru rv.mvpuu uac.aeea-
uu.
Ipume c eeuua.uama cu uumvuu csoaeam oopasa ua
+.aoocmma, eoua npoeru ua :oeeurume o.uoee Xeoa;
ua.u cc cmapocmma xopama mpoea oa ce uav:am oa
v+upam, mpceru e cuomo epe+e oesc+pmuemo.
Xeoa c murume e.eseuu noouac ua eocmume ua O.u+n
a+oposu e s.amua rvna, numuemo, roemo ue eu oapu c
ee:ua +.aoocm. Xeoa e ouep ua Xepa, cnpveama ua 3eec,
ap ua ooeoeeme. Xepa ucra oa sanasu e ceoe cu rue oopasa
ua oeeorama, romo e ou.a.
Ipnxara mnronornx cpxa noxa nanexrnxa: mnrr
sa neunara mnaocr, noexanama cmprra, ce onnna c an-
rnnomnunnx mnr sa npexonara, xparxorpana mnaocr,
cnrcrnana nocroxnno or cmprra.
Hpn rona mnaocrra e nnnarn or onpeenen non n ncexn
non nma cnox rpaypen mnr.
3a +o+:emama moea e rpacueum Aoouuc, npeopooeu
cuu ua Aqpoouma, repmea ua nperoeepe+euua c+pm
s.ono.vra omue.a rueoma +v e sopama ua pasqmeaua,
o.craea +.aoocm. V+upa oeecmeeu". 3a +o+u:emama
moea e Kopa, repmea ua ome.u:aue u usuacu.eaue, roumo
omrceam om se+uomo u muouecmeo. Aoouuc opoou us
ueeuou+u cem. Kopa ce osoeaea e aoa, e apcmeomo ua
+pmeume.
uonemxoro nopaxenne paxa nenpexcnaro neunn
opasn, xonro nnxora ne nsuesnar nnpexn oorarxnanero nm c
nonn repon n cnrnx. Maxap n neannsnpan, mnrr sa
escmprnero ce cnpsna pano nnn xcno cc cnoxra
npornnononoxnocr, sa a ce npnsemn n ecrnnrennocrra.
Ero samo ncnuxn repon or ennunnre npnxnmuennx nmar
mnmonerno cmecrnynane. Hsnn oxecrnara, apenn c
escmprne, nenpexcnaro ce cncxname c pamarnunara
ca na npexenpemenno n rparnuno noxocen mna xnnor,
nnnren or nxxo Aonnc nnn Kopa.
mepxra na emerpa, Kopa, npnema nmero Hepce]ona
(nnn Hposepnnna npn pnmnxnnre), r. e. cnpyra na Xaec, or
na mprnnre.
Ero x nax rennannara nnrynnnx na rpnnre, namepnnn
cnmnona, upes xoro noxasnar, ue maxap n aconmrno
npornnononoxnn, mnaocrra n cmprra ca nnrnmno cnpsann.
Hpn momuerara, npen a e csaen opasr na erero
Amyp, neunoro ere, Epoc, rosn cnmnon e Aonnc, poxa na
nmonra, npnopoen cnn na A]ponra, xoro rx me saryn
rnpe pano. Hnrepecno xax ncnxoanannsara n cnenano a
nnrepnpernpa ]axra, ue n nauanoro Hmonra ce nnnmana
or mna-
ex, cnonerxn or rparnuna n panna cmpr! Aonnc e ynr
rorana, xoraro neue npnrexana ncnuxn na-npenecrnn n
xapmonnunn xauecrna, sa a e samecren or Epoc. Karo ue
nn sa a nonecem no-necno ena panna cmpr n pasnnera na
mnaocrra, raxa xaxro n ecrnnrennocrra mnomecxoro
ymnpa, sa a npepacne n spenocr, ce e ponn ercxnxr opas na
Hmonra, manxnxr Epoc.
Heeeuoama sa Huooa, :uumo cuuoee u ouepu ca voumu
om Ano.ou u Apme+uoa e paseema ua +.aoocmma u+,
oooeamea me+ama sa muouecrama c+pm c +uma sa
peeuocmma ua espacmuume. Huooa u+a uecm cuua u uecm
ouepu, roumo no rpacoma, oapou u uume.ueeumuocm ue
omcmneam ua Aoouuc u Kopa. Ano.ou u Apme+uoa ue +oeam
oa nouecam cnepuu:ecmeomo ua muouecromo
cepueucmeo, san.axa sa aoco.mmuama u+ e.acm. Emo
sauo me npocmpe.eam cc cmpe.u oeama ua Huooa. Ano.ou
vouea +o+:emama, a ooeuuma ua .oea uaco:ea cmpe.ume cu
r+ +o+u:emama.
Momra na nspacrnnre e npornnonocranena na xpacorara
n yma na mnaocrra. B ncropnxra na Hnoa onanxme
neocsnarnx crpemex sa renonn na mnanre. Rnomnre
rpxna a ar ynrn.
Cmprra na Aonnc e nspas na npexonocrra na
mnomecxara mnaocr n xpacora. Hsnnanero na enara na
Hnoa pasxpnna crpaxa, xoro mnanre cc cnonre apa n
rananr npensnnxnar y nspacrnnre. Hnrepecno e, ue ne
ponrennre ca ynnnre, a crpannunn nepconaxn, xonro
ncxar a sanasxr enncrneno sa cee cn Cnasnra n
Hmonra.
Boeuu ua ceooeuume, Aqpoouma e u nampou ua
npocmumvmrume. T o.uemeopea oeeme .ua ua +.aoama
.mooe, roemo ue +ore oa nouece Apme+uoa, en.ueuuemo
ua sp.ama, +a:uua .mooe.
B nsnecren cmncn moxe a ce rnpn, ue Kopa nnn
Aonnc ca ynrn or maxara n marponara; Aonnc e ynr or
rnnran, nsnparen or ornnxra na nona.
Bce oue ua espacm, roeamo npeocmou oa omrpuea
e.ueuuma ua +.aoocmma, Hepceqoua e omrcuama om
+ara cu, sa oa npe+uue noo e.acmma ua Xaoec, ooea ua
+pmeume.
H ryx xaro ue nn ce sararna sa narynoro nsecrnne na
norncxamo noneunrencrno. Famara 3enc ana na par cn
Xaec mepx cn Kopa sa xena: uyxnxr nspacren, xoro
nsmecrna ponrenx n nsema no onexara cn mnomara. Xaec
npma Hepce]ona na 3emxra-maxa, sa a nsrpxecrnyna
nponerra na xnnora. Axo ncecnnnnxr nspacren ne npne
cnooara na nonnacrnnx my mnoma, nnennnxr nnxora nxma
a ce ocmecrnn xaro nnunocr. Konxo mpocr nma n rosn
mnr, saxnemxnam onpsnanero na mnoma c nxxoro rouno
rorana, xoraro ro nanycxa yexnmero na ercrnoro!
Om ome.u:auemo ua Hepceqoua-Hposepnuua oo eoucm-
eeuocmma ua uaua, ooeuuma ua .oea, oo eueea ua Puoua,
npomueonocmaeu.a ce ua +.uuume ua Pnumep, oo
npeouseurame.uume nopueu ua Beuepa, ooee.u oo eouama
+erov +reme (Tpo) u +erov ooeoeeme (O.u+n), oo
pasmo:ume.cmeomo ua e+empa-Hepepa, ooeuu ua
rmeama u ua pero.mama, ue cuecmevea +erouuuo
ccmouue, a ca+o nocmoueu uenpercuam npexoo.
C.usauemo ua Hepceqoua e aoa ou +oe.o oa ce m.rvea
ramo +emaqopa ua uacu.uemo uao oeeora, romo usevoea
oeecmeeuocmma cu: +umm npecsoaea ome.u:auemo u
usuacu.eauemo, cnmcmeauu e useecmeu c+uc. opara.
Bpxy spxnara enoxa rpxna a ce ynpaxnn nacnnne, sa
a ce npenpne rx n marpona. Hpexor e pyranen. onuepa
mnaa ennna, ero x na pyrnx en xena-am]opa,
npornnononoxnocr na ennxarnara nexna enoxa.
Xeprna nnn nnacrnama... pennocrra nsnennuana resn
ne npornnononoxnocrn na xencxara nnacr. enoxara e
nacnnna. Maunncrnoro nocn spxnocr. Xenara ecrna n
cxnxa. Tx ynpannxna xnrecxnre nnxnn, xaro ce onnpa na
npnponnre cnnn. Ho npeme na mncrepnnre n Enensnn
emerpa, maxa-
ra na Hepce]ona, nocnemana enoxnre or Arnna n ranara
na sauenanero n n cexcyannnre pnryann.
Momuerara n momnuerara ne ce pasenxr no enn n cmn
naunn c mnomecrnoro.
Kar e.eoa ouec ncuxoaua.umurm ua Hapuc? He
nocmae .u ueeoeama cooa npoo.e+a sa xep+aqpoouma?
Koeamo Hapuc omo.crea .mooema ua uu+qama Exo, mo
omrasea oa cmaue opve, oa ce ocuecmeu e cercva.uu arm,
paroau rueom. Ho uera ocmaeu+ moea :ecmo cpeuauo
m.rveaue. C.eo ramo Hapuc euroa e oe.eoa.omo
eouucmeeuo coocmeeuu cu oopas u uuuo opveo, sa ueeo
opveum moea e mo ca+um. Tvr ramo :e .u +umm
nocmae enpoca sa oevc-+uc.uemo ua muouecmeomo,
uamoeapeuo c oeocmeeuocm. Mumm sa Hapuc
o.uemeopea rpauocmume u namo.oeu-ma ua uuoueuoa,
romo omrasea oa uanpaeu usoop +erov oeama euoa
cercva.uocm Xep+ec u.u Aqpoouma. To ucra oa ooe
eouoepe+euuo u Xep+ec, u Aqpoouma. Omrasea oa ce npo+euu
u oa npue+e ueooxoou+ocmma om oon.eaua eo
,no.oeuura".
Hapnnc ne namnpa cmenocr a norpcn nmonra nsnn
cee cn, nmonra na pyro cmecrno n npenounra a ocrane
sannnarn nnmen n cocrnennx cn nnsyanen opas. To e
saryen n opeuen. B nmonnoro nsxnnxnane ro nnxa
cnoero orpaxenne, a ne pyro cmecrno cc cocrnen rnac,
nnam or rxno, xoero me ce xnn n opas, pasnnuen or
neronnx.
He e .u u+euuo uapucus+m eouu om pucroeeme uu
usrvueuuma ua muouecmeomo?
Touno raxa. Hmonra xpne npexaneno ronxma onacnocr a
nsrynm mnnanoro cn, es a nn ana naexa sa eme. H
axo nec cme cnnerenn na ronxona mnoro oruaxnne cpe
mnanre, npoxneno nno upes xrcrnoro n napxornnnre, nno
n cmprra (camoyncrnoro), mncnx cn, ue rona nponsrnua or
nnncara na pnryann na npexoa, npn xonro nspacrnnre a
morar a saxnxr: Orcera nararx rnoero mnenne snaun nemo,
rn cn neue nnunocr." Omecrnoro ne npenara na mnanre
xopa xcnn onopnn rouxn, nxnamn nm xypax a noemar pncx
cc csnannero, ue na orcpemnnx pxr rn ouaxnar. nec, axo
ce oraar nsnxno na nmonra cn, re noemar pncx, no ne snaxr
nsomo naxe npnxr, nxmar nnxaxna nsmoxnocr a
neuenxr xnxa cn n a noemar orronopnocr sa nocnennnre.
Ocnonna xapaxrepncrnxa na ncxxo uonemxo cmecrno e
mncnra sa emero. B name npeme momuero nnn momnuero,
xonro ce onuar, ne ca n ccroxnne a orronapxr sa nnoonere
na cnoxra nmon. Enncrnenoro, xoero morar, e a ce
nacnaxanar na nmonnara rpnxa n axo or rona ce pon
ere, xaracrpo]ara sa rxx e yxacna. Te ne ca sanpmnnn
opasonannero cn, nxmar xnnnme, napn, cneonarenno ne
morar a ce rpnxar sa nnoa or cnoxra npsxa. Fnaroapenne
na cnpemennara mennnna pasnonarame cc cnrypnn
npornnosauarunn cpecrna n xonrpanenrnnn, xoero csana
nonn nsmoxnocrn sa nsanmno onosnanane. Hnncna oaue
nxnocrno oranane. Mnanre saononxnar norpenocrra cn a
ca saeno, enn cpemy pyr cc camorara cn no nama. Hxma
onacnocr a ce crnopn ere, sa xoero re ne morar a noemar
orronopnocr. Omecrnoro ne e rorono a npneme
nocnennnre or nmonra na mnomnre, xoero nx nnmana
mnaexnre or npanoro nm a xnnexr nnnonenno rorana,
xoraro xenannero nm a onuar e na-cnnno. Tparnuno e!
Bneuennero xm napnncnsm ce nxn na nnncara na pnryan
na npexoa. B nmonra nma napnncnsm oronxona,
oxonxoro nma eronsm. Onuam camnx cee cn, a rn ce
crpyna, ue onuam pyr, samoro nnmo ne nponsrnua or
nmonra. Hpen a ce noxnn nsmoxnocrra a ce nsnonsnar
npornnosauarunn cpecrna, mnanre rpxname a noemar
nxxaxn pncx, r. e. orronopnocr. He n cera. Cera rxxnara
orronopnocr ce orpannuana camo n rona a ce onuar, es
onacnocr or nmonnn nocnennn. Cnpemennnxr Hapnnc ne
xapecna Exo, no n ne rpcn pyra. pyrara xaro nero e n nnen
na cocrnennx cn opas. Bcexn e opnar xm cee cn.
Hanomnx manxo noneenne na mnomn xm momnue, xoero ne
rn cyxa"... Ho rona cn npnnnuar c Hapnnc. Hapnnc ce
nnxa nn nropnu-
na cexcyanna ponx: reopernuno ro ce npenpma n
xomocexcyanncr. Momuerara, xoraro ronopxr sa momnuera,
ncmnocr onuar cee cn. Momnuerara onuar cee cn,
xoraro ronopxr sa momuera. Mnmonernn nornen, onannsm
no nama. Bce eno, ue Exo xasna na Hapnnc: He ncxam nnmo
noneue or re ocnen erna nacxa es nocnecrnnx."
B mnra re nnxora ne ce cpemar, samoro mnomara ne moxe
a npenoxn nnmo pyro ocnen orpasennx cn opas. Ho n Exo
ne npenara nemo no-pasnnuno. Hpn r. nap. cnoonn
cexcyannn ornomennx uonemxnre cmecrna ne ce cpemar.
Tenecnnxr xonraxr cam no cee cn ne osnauana nnmo, axo ne
cmecrnyna xenanne sa eme, axo nmonra ne ce nsnncn
na ]nsnuecxoro ycemane, xoero n xpana cmerxa ne e nnmo
pyro ocnen nepnen nmnync. Hsnnxr na noesnx, xoxro
nooen xonraxr n morn a nopon, ce nyxae or
noxpenara na connannoro, xoero npnsnana camo
csnarennara nmon, paxama rnopenne. Csaname nemo
saeno, ro moxe a e ere; nenpemenno ere, no nennnarn or
nnr n xpn. nec mnanre, xonro ca nnmenn or
nsmoxnocrra a mncnxr n eme npeme, ca npnnyenn a ce
saononxnar c resn nsanmnn esnnonn oxocnannx.
Tnpn ce, ue xomocexcyanncrnre cranar nce noneue. He e
nxpno. Te ce mncnxr sa xomocexcyanncrn n xnnexr xaro
raxnna, cne xaro ca ce onapnnn nenx c npnara cn nmon.
Honeenne na necnnx nsop. a ne ce anraxnpam. Te ca ce
cnpenn na onona mxcro, xero ne e nmano nxxo a rn
noxpenn, sa a noemar ome nenx pncxa. Heocmecrnnnn
npnara cn nmon, sarynar xpearnnnocrra
1
cn. Hxma xo a
nm xaxe: He ce oruana or rosn nenarononyuen onnr. To
re norornx sa pyra, no-nrorpana cpema cc cmecrno,
xoero me nonxpna n re." Crana raxa, ue re ce opmar xm
pyr ceenooen, xoro nm nsnpama ornono orneanoro na
napnn-cnsma n nm nxna uyncrno sa cocrnena nennocr n
ounre na resn, xonro npenepernar pyrnx non. Mncnx cn, ue
noono
1 Kpearnnnocr rnopuecxa npoyxrnnnocr F pe
npexnnxnane morar a nsnnrar xaxro momuerara, raxa n
momnuerara. Hpnnxr nponan na uyncrnara npma ornono
xm nennnnara npe-nyeprerna xomocexcyannocr, nnna sa
xoero nocn omecrnoro, necnocono a ae noxpena na
mnomnre n npexoa nm xm spenocrra. Karo cranar
orronopnn nnunocrn, re nxa mornn a nopacnar nancrnna,
nmecro a ce npmar nasa n napnncrnunoro cn npe-
mnomecrno.
IHABA TPETA
H3OFPAXEHHETO HA THOTO
Aro uao.moaea+e cmamvume om opeeuocmma no
opeeoeeme ua Cpeouse+uo+opuemo om enoxama, epauu:eua c
npeomo xu.oo.emue np. u. e., ue saoe.eru+, :e npeume
crv.nmvpu, usoopaseauu +.aoerromo m.o, ca oevno.oeu.
Eoea c paseumuemo ua opeeuoepromo usrvcmeo oro.o VIII
e. np. u. e. Kvpoc npaeu ene:am.euue c mepoe
u+nosaumuama cu +recmeeuocm. To us.:ea cu.a u +ou.
Hpes V e. np. u. e. no epe+emo ua epru r.acuus+
+rromo u reucromo m.o sano:eam oa ce pas.u:aeam
uaucmuua. Hpeooopasm ua muouecromo m.o e ueruomo
rpexro +o+:e. To e epauosuo, uo ue u reucmeeuo, raremo e
aeuo ua ouame.o ee q.opeumuucrama enoxa (XV e.).
M.aoume o.u+nucru om.emu ca epauosuu, uo ue u
reucmeeuu. Te ca npeocmaeeuu e ouua+u:uu nosu, a
oeeorama e copraua, maucmeeua u rpexra. T no-cropo e
uenooeurua, e opanupaua opexa ramo noceemeua oeeua,
sarpu.ua om ooe-norpoeume., u.u usoopaseua ramo
Hqueeuu e o:areaue ua repmeonpuuoueuuemo.
pyr rnn nsopasxnann enoxn ca amasonxnre, no rexnnre
rena nanomnxr spenn xenn xaro Apremna. Taxa xenara,
xoxro cnepnnun na mxa n nona n nn nonara, e
npecranxna nnnarn n spxna nspacr nnn xaro maxa. Cc
cnrypnocr moxe a ce xaxe, ue Kopa e onnnernopenne na
xencrnenocrra n mnomecrnoro, oxaro nsopaxennxra na
mnomara-momue n nnxaxn cnyua ne nnymanar xencrnenocr,
maxap ue nonxxora
ce saenxsna nsnecrno nycmncnne. Cmecrnyna xaro ue nn
nxxaxno oesnnuanane na xencrnenoro n cranx na enoxara
sapan sararnarnre arpecnnnn arpnyrn, cnpsann c nona n
nonara, xonro me ce npoxnxr n spxnara nspacr.
Toea e, roemo +ore+ oa rare+ sa usoopaseauemo ua
muouecromo m.o. B oo.er.omo npes .ama aumu:uocm,
om Bsparoauemo eo.omama ce oonvcra ca+o roeamo ca
usoo-paseuu +.aou +re. Kopa e euuaeu ooeuma c opanupau
n.am, npes romo ca+o epoume +oeam oa nposupam ramo
cu+eo. ua n.oooeumocmma, romo euuaeu ce noo:epmaea.
Ipoume ua Kopa poro ca oeo.euu, uo euuaeu uprua.u
uanpeo u mepou, ramo :e .u uano+um sa qvuruma cu ua
+.e:uu r.esu. He cuecmevea.u npe:ru sa meopea oa oaea
eo. ua eoopareuuemo cu, uo no rauouume sa rpacueo.
Ha oape.equme quevpume-cu+eo.u ca oeo.euu. Bpxv
epru +pa+op om V e. np. u. e., us.oreu e +vse ua
Tep+ume e Pu+, ce pasnosuaea Aqpoouma, c.eoeaua om
oeeme u npuopvrume.ru. Bcra om mx o.uemeopea eoua
om oeeme oorecmeeuu qvuruu, cepsauu c .mooema. Om
eouama cmpaua eo.a q.emucmra (m ramo oopasm e
a.eeopu:eu, eo.omama e noseo.eua), a om opveama quevpa
ua eooeuua ee eoa.. Hsoopaseauemo ua .mooema copra
oua.ermura. 3a npeu nm ce noeea eo.omo reucro m.o,
uo ca+o ramo cu+eo. ampuovm ua Aqpoouma. o
enoxama ua Hma.uaucromo esparoaue eo.ume reucru
me.a u+am uan.uo a.eeopu:eu c+uc.. Te mv
o.uemeopeam .er vmpuueu eempe, mv .er ee:epeu opus.
B rasn nnacrnxa A]ponra e nsnaxna xaro naropona pnm-
nxnxa, oxaro cnrnnuxnre nnnmanar nara enemenra na
xencxnx uap, spenocrra n cnasnra, xoero nnpouem n
cornercrna na mnronornunnre npnxnmuennx, npnnncnann na
A]ponra. Tx nma nnacr na roennnnre, na xonro npecron
pax, n n cmoro npeme xaro maxa na Epoc onnnernopxna
epornunara nmon, unro cnmnon e ronara ]nerncrxa.
Crpemexr e a ce nsyn xenannero na mxa, xoro me x
onnon.
pexara e cnmnon na sapanara. Ipnnre nsopasxnar
xenara rona camo xoraro e na spxna nspacr. Ho ncexn nr n
ponxra na nepconax or pennrnosna nepemonnx, nesanncnmo
or nspacrra , rnopenr x nsnana nn noan.
Hpu pu+.uume crv.nmvpume npuoooueam no-uspaseu
epomu:eu xaparmep. Beuepa c uuporu xauu e n.oo ua
pu+cromo eoopareuue. C.eo epoume euu+auuemo ce
uaco:ea r+ saouume :acmu, reucrum saouur ce
ooeomeopu. Ha-eo.+a ceooooa ua usoopareuuemo
omrpuea+e npu qpecrume e Ho+ne, uo u mvr epomurama u
c.aoocmpacmuemo ce oonvcram ca+o npu quevpume ua
spe.ume reuu.
Hpeume oopasu ua muouu, maruea, rareumo ca e
oecmeume.uocm, ce noeeam no epe+e ua Bsparoauemo.
Bce oue ce uao.moaea useecmuo c+eceaue ua +rromo u
reucromo npu auee.ume u ceemume. Ceemu Hoau u.u
+aoouume ua Heouapoo oa Buu:u npue+am nuuuu qop+u ua
xep+aqpooumu.
Hsnecrno e, ue xennre pxxo ce crnacxnann a nosnpar
ronn sa nxxo xyoxnnx. Onxnoneno rona nnn mnaexn,
oneuenn n xencxn pexn.
Aro uanpaeu+ cnpaera e ucmopuma ua usrvcmeomo ua
me+a muouecmeo, ue vcmauoeu+, :e Paqae. e cc
cuevpuocm eouu om npeume eo.e+u xvooruuu, pucvea.u
+.aoama oeeora ramo o.uemeopeuue ua oeeu:ecromo v
reuama. Ceemama eea ce ua.aea ramo me+a u npu ueeo.
Hoeomo e, :e .uemo u noeeoeuuemo u us.:eam mpeeoea om
urarea san.axa, uaoeucua.a uao +.aoerromo uacmue u
xaparmepua sa muouecmeomo, mo:uo mara, rarmo eo
pasoupa+e u ouec.
Xyoxnnnnre or onasn enoxa nsnpann sa moenn enoxn
or snarnn poone, n xonro nnn nnmenn. Te ce ynnnuann no
mepn na xpane n xnxse n nspasxnann n xaprnnnre uyncrnara
cn. Taxa pasnpame samo Pa]aen pncyna maonnre cn xaro
enoxn.
3a ouoea epe+e moea ou.o ueuo uoeo. omoeaea
usoopasea.u eeama u.u oes espacm, u.u ee:e ramo sp.a
reua. Paqae. e npeum, romo norasea no mosu uoe
ua:uu. To usoupa ceoume +ooe.u, eooeu om coocmeeuomo cu
nper.oueuue npeo +.aoocmma.
Hpn upa Anxennxo Cnerara ena e cmo mnoro mnaa.
Bce nar noeeoeuuemo us.:ea useecmua
mprecmeeuocm, u croeauocm. Hpu Paqae. m e no-
ecmecmeeua. Xvooruurm e ou. +uoeo :vecmeeu. Hpu ueeo
+.aoocmma e co.asuume.ua, ooramo npu 4pa Aure.uro
urar +ucmu:ua.
Xvooruurm, romo, use.eroa, e ua-:vecmeume.eu r+
rpacomama ua muouecromo m.o, e Bomu:e.u. Heeoeume
auee.u uspaseam +u+o.emuocmma ua npo.emma ua
rueoma. euume e meop:ecmeomo +v ca morv-uo
pasqua.u, euvuaeauu eouoepe+euuo u reucmeeuocm, u
+recmeeuocm. B Paroauemo ua Beuepa " ooeuuma ce
usnpae om ceoma +opcra paroeuua. Paeuoeecuemo e
rapmuuama cnp+o eepmura.uama oc e uan.uo uapvueuo.
Tara xvooruurm norasea uevpaeuoeeceuocmma ua
+.aoocmma.
nxannero na xnnora ce nsnra nn nncnnnre...
Hpu aue.u:auume om enoxama ua npepaqae.us+a
x
e
cpeoama ua XIX e. uao.moaea+e saepuaue e useecmeu
c+uc. r+ ecmecmeeuomo. Xvooruuu ramo Pocemu u Bpu-
rouc cc cmpe+era cu r+ ceerecm u cnoumauuocm ca
npeoeecmuuu u ua aue.ucru po+aumus+, u ua muouecru
cn.uu
2
ramo meop:ecra me+a. Hpeu me pucveam oeeorama
sapaou ca+ama ue.
Hnuno as, xoraro pema a norpcx n spnrennara cn namer
xaprnnn, xonro orpasxnar mnomecrnoro, n csnannero mn
nenpemenno nsnnynar noprpernre na Fornuenn. Ho nexa a ce
1 Hpepa]aennrn anrnncxa mxona n xnnonncra or cpeara na XIX n., nopaxare-
nn na pannnx Hrannancxn penecanc. F. pe.
2 Cnnnn ynnnne, menanxonnx. F. pe.
npnem xm no-pannnre xyoxnnnn. Te nnn npnnyenn a
nsopasxnar mnaocrra upes remnre, xonro npxnara nm
nanarana. Hpnmep sa rona e Muennuecrnoro na cnern
Ceac-1nnn". Kaxro npn rpnnre n pnmnxnnre, n ryx
mnanxr uonex e c mycxynecro rxno na mx, nacnnno
nocpemam nsnnrannero. Hsopasen e raxa, ue n morn a
nma noneenne na nspacren, no ncmnocr ce oxasna
npnmnpen cyexr na xeprnonpnnomenne nnn npocro xeprna.
Mnanre xanyrepuera or pennrnosnara xnnonnc
onnnernopxnar no-cxopo nennnnocrra, orxonxoro
mnomecrnoro. Haxonere n cnercxoro omecrno or xpancxnx
nop ca noxasann xaro aconmrnn ]nrypanrn. Maxap n a ne
ca neue ena, n noneennero nm ne ce saenxsna nnmo
nnamnuno. Cnyxar sa yxpamenne. Bepoxrno sa a ranxr
nornea, pexnre nm ca n cmnre ronone xaro na. npnnna nnn
na rocnoapx. uonex cn xasna: Kaxnn xpacnnn nyenuera!"
Cnyxnrenn na nsxycrnoro, re nnn noanar xnnra, nnn pxar
nxno mysnxanen nncrpymenr. opn n arannara xnnonnc
mnanre nmar paonenen nn. Esaunre ca npecranenn xaro
or cnnrara na nxxo pnnap nnn xaro naxone na snarnn amn.
IHABA uETBTPTA
CKA3AHH 3A MHAHTE
RHOBECKATA HHTEPATVPA
Kora ymara mnoma" nnnsa n nnreparypara?
Hoo nepomo ua usr.m:ume.uu +acmop ua c.oeomo
Burmop Peo ce paroa :voecuomo onpeoe.euue, +ore ou
eouo om npeume e .umepamvpama: Puouecmeomo, ma+,
roemo ce c.ueam oea sa.esa, ua:a.omo ua reuama u rpam
ua oememo."
Kaxno npospenne! Bnpexn ue n naroca cn Rro onycxa
manxa nerounocr. Hauanoro na xenara e sopa, a ne sanes.
Hxma snauenne. nec nne npexpacno pasnpame, ue nncarenxr
e nman npenn sopara na spenocrra n sanesa na ercrnoro.
3opa u.u moea, roemo Pvco uapu:a oue e sua+euumu cu
mercm om E+u." emopomo paroaue" ua :oeera.
ymara mnoma" nannpa na ycrnnre na Xan-Xax, no ro
ne x nspnua, a nsnonsna napa]pasn xaro xpnsa", nropo
paxane". To rnea na mnomecrnoro xaro na xpnsncno
ccroxnne n nn ro onncna: B nauanoro ypnara penonmnnx ce
npenemana camo or menora na sapaxamnre ce crpacrn... To
(erero) npecrana a uyna rnaca, na xoro ocxopo ce e
nounnxnano; nsyara my ro npenpma n nn, ro orxnpnx
cnox noau n ne xenae a e nanpannxnano noneue... ro ne e
nnro ere, nnro mx. Enaxno uyxo my e n enoro, n
pyroro noneenne..."
Hxxaxna aprncrnuna neonpeenenocr orpma npexoa
npes nyeprera. Or xasanoro oryx crana xcno, ue nonxrnero
,mnoma" ce ynorpexna cpannnrenno orcxopo. B naneuepnero
na XX n. na ercrnoro ce e rneano xaro na enn no-
nponxnrenen nepno, a mnanxr uonex nn npneman sa
nspacren nnesanno, es xaxnro n a e npexo. Tona e
npemero, xoraro ome cme aneu or repmnna mnomn", c xoro
cn cnyxnm nec xaro oxasarencrno, ue nancrnna cmecrnyna
raxana nspacrona rpyna. Hpen camara yma mnomecrno"
oaue ce paxa nxna ena nnreparypa, nocnerena na mnanre.
Cnopeo po+aumu:uama npeocmaea muouama e ca+omeu
eepo, +e:mame., ueuacmeu +.aoer: u.u +.ao eeuu. B
enoxama ua opeeuocmma u ua cpeouoeeroeuemo
pasnosuaea+e muouama (+arap :e maroea noumue moeaea
oue ue cuecmevea) e oope:euomo ua preama oeme u.u
norepmeau eepo. Hqueeuu ua o. Taepuoa u.u nr ce.
Ceoacmuu.
Hocnerenn na mncrnxara, a no-xcno n na nonnrnxara xaro
Hopensauo
1
, xoro me namnpa nocneonarenn uax o XX n.
BTOPOTO PAXAHE
Hne ce paxame,raxa a ce xaxe, na nrn: npnnx, sa a
cmecrnyname, nropnx, sa a xnneem; nenx sapan nna n
nropn nr sapan nona. Tesn, xonro rnear na xenara xaro na
necnpmen mx, necmneno rpemar. Ho nnmnoro cxocrno
nm ana ocnonanne. o nacrnnanero na spenocrra enara
nnnmo no nnmo ne ce pasnnuanar. Hnne, ]nrypa, ren, rnac,
ncnuxo e enaxno. Momnuerara ca ena, momuerara ca ena:
ena n cma yma e ocraruna a onpeenn ronxona noonn
cmecrna. Momuerara, na xonro e npexcnaro nononoro
pasnnrne, sanasnar rasn npnnnxa npes nennx cn xnnor. Te
ocra-
1 Hopensauo repo or enonmennara pama n nposa (1834 r.) or An]pe to Mm-
ce. F.np.
nar sannnarn ronemn ena, xaxro n xennre, xonro, xaro ne
sarynar n na-manxo or rosn npnonauanen opas, n mnoro
ornomennx ocranar cmnre.
B xpana cmerxa mxr ne e csaen, sa a ocrane
sannnarn n ercrnoro. To ro nanycxa nn npeme, nspano or
npnpoara. Tosn xpnsncen momenr, maxap n rnpe xparx,
nma nponxnrennn nocnennn.
Kaxro rrenr na mopero npenemana oraneue ypxra,
raxa n menorr na sapaxamnre ce crpacrn e npenecrnnx na
rasn ypna penonmnnx. Enn rancrnen yxonen xnnex
npeynpexana sa nacrnnama onacnocr. Hpomenn n
nacrpoennero, nsyxnannx, nenpexcnara yxonna nsya
npanxr erero nourn neyxpornmo. To crana rnyxo sa rnaca, na
xoro ce e nounnxnano ororana. Hn n cnoxra nsya, ro
orxnpnx rosn, xoro ro e nanrcrnan, n neue orxasna a
e noeno.
Km mopannnre snann na nnomanamo ce nacrpoenne ce
npnanxr n noueprann ]nsnuecxn npomenn. unsnonomnxra
ce nsmenx n npnonna xapaxrep. Hexnxr n nexen mx no
ysnre normnxna n crana no-rcr. Inacr myrnpa nnn no-
cxopo ce saryna. Momuero ne e nnro ere, nnro mx n ne
moxe a ronopn c rnaca nnro na ennnx, nnro na pyrnx.
Ounre my, resn nposopnn na ymara, xonro ocera ne ca
xasnann nemo ocoeno, sanounar a ronopxr n npnonnar
nspas; enn roxy-mo pasnanen orn rn cyxa, norner
crana no-xnn n maxap nce ome rnpe nennnen, ne e neue
nsnauanno rnynan. To uyncrna neue, ue ounre morar a xaxar
mnoro, nayuana ce a rn cnexa n a ce nsuepnxna; crana
uyncrnnrenno, npen a e paspano xaxno uyncrna; nsnnrna
rpenora, es a nma npnunna. Bcnuxo rona n morno a
nacrnn anno n a my ae ome npeme, no axo nsyara ce
npenpne n nerpnenne, axo rnenr npemnne n xc, axo ro ry
ce pasnn, ry ce pasnexna, axo nee cnsn es npnunna n axo
nyncr my ce yuecrxna n norner my ce nsnnamenxna n
nnsocr o oexrn, xonro cranar onacnn" sa nero: axo pxara
na xena, nocranena npxy neronara, ro xapa a norpnna, axo
ce cmymana n cpamyna, xoraro e nnso o nex, Once, o,
mpn Oncen, n nrenen!
Mexonere, xonro rn raxa rpnxnnno nasnm, ca ornopenn.
Berponere ca ornpnmenn, ne nanycxa n sa mnr xopmnnoro
nnn ncnuxo e saryeno!
Tona e nroporo paxane, sa xoero ronopx. Torana uonex ce
paxa ncrnncxn sa xnnora, r xaro nnmo uonemxo neue ne
my e uyxo. Ipnxnre nn sa nero ocera ca nnn camo ercxa
nrpa; ena cera re npnonnar ncrnncxoro cn snauenne. Orryx
nararx onxnonenoro nsnnranne ce nsuepnna n rpxna a
sanoune namero.
Xan-Xax Pyco
,E+u.", nera xnnra
Ta+.roemo ce pasrasea sa muouecru oeoru, npuccmea
me+ama sa qama.uama c+pm. Hpeama .mooe euuaeu u+a
mpaeu:eu rpa. aume: Hao.o u 4pau:ecra, Lercnup:
Po+eo u v.uema.
Taxa crnrame o Hanen n Bnprnnnx. Hmonra e
nensmoxna. Tx ne moxe a ce npenpne n non xnnor, npen
a ce e orxasana or rona, xoero e. Rnomecxnre noxn ce
oxocnar o sapanenn nema n Pene" Baropnan nscnena
uyncrnoro, cnpsano c xpnocmemennero.
pamara na Heneac n Mennsana
2
npornnonocranx spxnara
nmon na mnomecxara. 3apanxna ce na ne ena a ce
onuar. Hpnunnara e ponrencxn npenoc" (nx. . crp. 87).
Iono e na 26 ronnn. Ho-manxnxr my par Heneac e 15-
ronmen, a enoxara Mennsana, npnmrena or Iono 16-
ronmna. Heneac e nenopouen. To ce nsxnmana or Iono n or
Mennsana xaro xena na no-nspacrnnx par. uyncrnara,
xonro nsnnrna xm nex, ce nxar na nmonra, xoxro ro
xpann xm opasa, samecrnren na maxara. 3a Mennsana
Iono e cnmnonnunnxr ama. Cnemennxr ne onycxa no-
mnanre a omynar nomexy cn, samoro ncxa a sanasn sa
cee cn nxnara nm npea-" nocr. Tona e nce cmara
nocrpomanrnuna n axryanna rema sa
2 Heneac n Mennsana repon or enonmennara pama (1892 I.) na enrncxnx
noer n pamarypr Mopnc Merepnnnx. F. pe.
cnpxnporexrnnnara nnacr (nx. crp. 118) npxy mnanre, sa
mncrnunoro ocenane na mnomnre or noaun na cexrn nnn
na ann.
B eoua +a.ro useecmua uoee.a om 4.ooep, Cenme+epu ",
onucauomo :vecmeo ua ca+oma u .mooeuo mepsauue ua eouu
+.aoer sev:u ramo usnoeeo. B+ecmo oa ua+epu vmexa e
npupooama, npupooama oue noee:e sacu.ea ueeoeomo
vuuuue. Ho epe+e ua ceoume ca+omuu pasxooru Pvco, roeamo
cu cno+u oemcmeomo, e ee:e espacmeu :oeer u e mpoea.o
oa ce noeu 4.ooep, sa oa oaoe uspas ua npeume .upu:uu
:vecmea, roumo usnumea muouama.
Hemcxara nnreparypa orenx snaunrenno mxcro na
mnomara ome npes XVIII n., xaro sanouana crapara
rpannnx na pomana na pasnnrnero", nsnnrarennnx poman
nnn, xaxro n morno a ce xaxe, pomana na nnnnnannxra"
nnn na nocnemennero.
Hpeum po+au om moea uanpae.euue e Cu+n.uucu-
+vc" om Ipu+e.cxavseu, nvo.urveau npes 1668 e.
K.acu:ecromo npouseeoeuue ua raupa e Bu.xe.+
Macmep" om Iiome. 3a npeu nm nucame. noceeuaea
mo.roea +uoeo peooee ua empeuuama npo+ua ua :oeeuro
cuecmeo c.eo nvoepmema.
Bsnnxna nnpocr, ann ymara mnomecrno e nna
ynorpexnana n na-pannnre pomann na nnnnnannxra".
Puapcrume po+auu ca uace.euu c naroee u esoa:u, a e
cpeouoeeroeuume xpouuru ce pasrasea sa :upau u
cmvoeumu. Hapu:am +.aoera u. B.ac
3
om Caumuu
oeme.
unnnn Apnec noxasna xcno, ue o xpax na XVIII n. na
cryenrnre ce e rneano xaro na ena. Hpnemann sa ena
mnan xopa o 25 n opn o 30 ronnn. B xpancxnre nopone
napnuann xnxsere nn]anrn o nsxaunanero nm na rpona.
Mnanre
3 Xnn Fnac repo or enonmennnx npnxnmuencxn poman n rpn uacrn (1715 r.,
1724 r., 1735 r ) orHtocax. F. np.
no cenara ce cmxrann sa ena o 18-ronmnara nm nspacr.
nec n mennnncxnre cpen no nnepnnx nponxanar a
rnear na mnomnre xaro na ena. Hanpnmep Henrpr sa
onnn ena npnema sa neuenne mnan xopa o 15-ronmna
nspacr nxnmunrenno.
Bn upannnx no npeme na monapxnxra na 14-ronmnnre
momnuera ce rneano ne xaro na enoxn, a xaro na mnan
xenn, xonro mornn a ar nsnpann sa cnpyrn, sa a ce
ocnrypn nponxennero na poa. H nnpexn ue roexnre
cranann mnoro no-pano (ena na 7 ronnn mornn a ar
croenn), cexcyannoro xoncymnpane na paxa mexy
nn]anrnre ne nno npexenpemenno.
Humepeceu e e mosu c+uc. u XVII e. c Te.e+ax*, eepo ua
4eue.ou. Hpur.m:euuma ua +.aou +o+r, noceemeu om
ceo +eumop
5
e mauume ua +.aoocmma, mpoea oa ce
npusuam sa npeoeecmuuu ua esnumame.uume po+auu.
Hpnxrencrnoro e eno or na-naxnnre nema sa mnomnre
or pomannre na pasnnrnero". To e no-naxno or nmonra na
xena. Hpnxrencrnoro osnauana npnnpsanocr xm
ceenooen, r. e. nn nnaronnuna, maxap n n nsnecren
cmncn nycmncnena onu.
H n cnpemennara enoxa cn ocrana nerpanc]opmnpanoro
ercxo uyncrno. Cexcyannocrra na mnomara ce xoneae
mexy xomocexcyannocrra n xerepocexcyannocrra.
Monrepnan (18961963) n pomana cn Vmpuuua c+ua" cn
cnyxn c opasa na Xepmec, ora na mnomecrnoro, xoro nn
ome n or na sanesa". Hpnmepr my, xaxro n rosn na A. Xn n
I. Ipnn, ocnonononoxnnnn na xomocexcyannara
nnreparypa, nn xapa a ce samncnnm npxy necsnananara nm
nocranrnx no eno nesanpmeno ercrno. B nmonra na
xomocexcyanncra xm aconmrnoro n n esxomnpomncnoro
my orxnpnxne na npe-
4 Tenemax repo or ]nnoco]cxo-yronnunnx nsnnrarenen poman
,Hpnxnmuennxra na Tenemax" (1694 r.) or ]pencxnx nncaren n pennrnosen een
up. uenenon. F.pe.
5 Menrop nsnnraren, nacrannnx (or Menrop, nsnnrannxr na Tenemax, cnna na
Oncen). B. pe.
45
arencrnoro nma nemo, xoero nanomnx nensxnnxnoro oxpa
mnomecrno. Tona naxn xaxro sa xomocexcyanncrnre mxe,
raxa n sa xennre necnxn. To ne osnauana, ue
xerepocexcyannnre nnnnnn no npnnnnn npoxnxnar
rpnnmocr xm npearencrnoro n nmonra. Hpocro re morar
a ro onycnar, samoro sa rxx nma nemo no-naxno
rnopennero. Tnopennero xaro pesynrar or cpemara na ne
pasnnunn cmecrna, xonro pano nnn xcno nsnpmnar
npearencrno eno cnpxmo pyro. Axo xomocexcyanncrr e
aprncr, neronoro rnopenne nma cnmnonnuen xapaxrep. Bcexn
aprncr, nn ro nncaren, xyoxnnx nnn mysnxanr, namnpa
cnacenne. Heronoro rnopenne nma xynrypna cronocr.
Tnopennero na nnrra ne e ocraruno, sa a ce sanasn
noxara. Tx moxe a npocmecrnyna camo axo npecrannxna
connanna nxnocr. Karo npne pasnoa, omecrnoro noxona
nancrnna ponrencxara orronopnocr n nonpeun na
csananero na rpaxannna. o 8-ronmnara my nspacr
ponrennre npanxr or erero cn uonex, no ne n rpaxannn,
r xaro sa rona ca neoxonmn ome mnoro ycnnnx. Cne 7-
ara ronna na erero sa naprntopnre or paunara noxa crana
rpyno a nponxanar cnmecrnnx cn xnnor raxa xaxro
npen, xoraro ca nnn nnmenn n cnonre pasnnunx.
Pascroxnnero mexy ponrennre ce ynennuana. Axo ne nm ce
poxr pyrn ena, erero, xoero neue ca csann, ne rn
cnpsna xaxro n nauanoro. ann samoro ne ca nsxnnenn
cncem nnnonenno mnomecrnoro cn, no xoraro na-
ronxmoro nm ere nanpmn 7 ronnn, re xaro ue nn ce
uyncrnar n npanoro cn a ro nsxnnexr nonropno.
He moxe onpeenen nspacron nepno a ce nscnena
orenno or pyrnre, r xaro uonex xnnee nenpexcnaro c
ncnuxnre cn nspacrn. Ero samo, cne xaro enara ocrnrnar
o nspacr, xoraro ce orxcnar or ponrennre cn, re sanounar
a ynpaxnxnar ncnxonornuecxo nnnxnne npxy oxonnnre,
npeonpeeneno or npexnnxnannxra na rexnnre
npemecrnennnn, xoraro camnre re ca nnn ena. Ponrennre
cmo ce oraneuanar n ne rnear neue no cmnx naunn na
ornomennxra cn c enara. Or momenra, n xoro erero
npecrana a cmxra pon-
rennre cn sa aconmrna nncrannnx, re or cnox crpana nonaar
n ornocnrennnre nsmepennx na cocrnenoro cn mnomecrno,
xoero npexnnxnar ornono, xaro ue nn sa a ce npenpnar n
moenn na enara, npexcnann npnonauannara cn npsxa c
mama n rarxo n ouaxnane na momenra, xoraro me nanycnar
cemecrnoro. Ha rosn eran ponrennre ce uyncrnar n npanoro
cn a noxaxar, ue re cmo xnnexr nsnxno nsnn cemecrnoro
n neue ne ca my oraenn xaxro npen. Bepoxrno rasn e
npnunnara, nopan xoxro omecrnoro na nspacrnnre ce
crpaxyna ronxona mnoro or mnomecrnoro n nsrnexa raxa
crporo xm mnanre. Hnmenn or nsmoxnocrra a
npnneuennar nxxo nen cc cocrnen rpy, sa a nnacxr n
cemecrnoro, xero namnpar xpana n nocnon, npnnyenn a
xnnexr saeno c ponrennre cn, nesanncnmo ann ce pasnpar
c rxx nnn ne, mnanre xopa nxma xax a. nonyuar
neoxonmoro nm camouyncrnne, xoero nx nma nropnunn
nocnecrnnx sa nspacrnnre. Hxxora, xoraro saxonnre
nosnonxnann na mnanre a paorxr, re nmann nsmoxnocr a
nanycnar ponrennre cn, n cnyua ue ne ce pasnpann c rxx.
Fnnn n ccroxnne a ce nspxar, maxap n cxpomno, es a ca
n rexecr na nxxoro. nec saxonr ne nm nosnonxna a noemar
orronopnocr sa cee cn. Orryx n cepnosnnre cmymennx n
ncnxnxara na mnomnre n pasxnamanero na cemecrnoro, c
xonro ce cncxname nec. Mnoro uecro sa cxanenne
nspacrnnre, es a ca nnnonnn sa rona, nnymanar na enara cn
enncrneno enemenrapnn nennocrn, cnpsann c ocnrypxnanero
na npexpanara nm, nmecro a rn noxpenxr n rpcenero na
onsn nean n rpya, xoro me rn oxpnnx n no-nararmnoro nm
pasnnrne. Taxa re pacrar essamnrnn n enn yxonno.
Koraro ponrennre ce npmar xm cnoero mnomecrno, re
nsrnexar xpexxn n opxann, npn rona nmenno n momenr,
xoraro erero nsxnnxna mnomecrnoro cn sa npnn nr. To
n ncxano a e rxmo oparnoro. To n npenoueno
ponrennre my a ca saononenn cexcyanno, c omecrnenn
nnrepecn, cc cmncn n xnnora cn. Fn xenano, es a ce
sannmanar npexaneno mnoro c nero, ponrennre my nce nax a
ar na pas-
nonoxenne, n cnyua ue ro nma xenanne a ronopn. Or
cmecrneno snauenne sa nero e a snae, ue maxa my n ama
my ce cnpanxr ope n npo]ecnonannara cn paora, opn n a
xasna nonxxora c xymop no rosn nono nnn c meronnro
cnnsxoxenne: Taxn cn e ama mn, yrpenna ce or paora."
Hnn: Hnmo ne npanxr, no nx nmar camouyncrnne."
Rnomnre crpaar na-mnoro, xoraro nanmanar xax
ponrennre nm ce onnrnar a nm nopaxanar n a ce
xonxypnpar c rxx. C ena yma cnerr naonaxn". B namn
nn mxere nmar mnan npnxrenxn, na nspacrra na enara
cn, a xennre onuar a ce xapecnar na npnxrennre na
cnnonere cn nmenno samoro ne ca nsxnnenn nnnonenno
mnomecrnoro cn. Te nonaar n xnonxara na
nenrn]nxannxra cc cocrnennre cn ena.
Hucame.ume npeu, +uoeo npeou ncuxo.osume, ca
aua.usupa.u omuoueuuemo ua muouume r+ epe+emo,
npocmpaucmeomo, ucmuuama, .mooema.
Om Iiome oo To+ac Mau muouume e ue+crama
.umepamvpa ce onuceam ramo spe.u sa .mooe, uo uuroea ue e
norasauo rar usrueeam rourpemuo. Te oouveam
eouucmeeuo cc cuecmea, c roumo no.oeama epsra e
usr.m:eua.
ercxara nmon npno xm ponrennre, nocne xm pyrn
xopa na spxna nspacr e neannsnpana onu, r xaro rxnoro
ne e rorono a ce ocmecrnn nn ]nsnuecxn axr. Rnomara
nsnnrna nnamenno npnxrencrno xm uonemxo cmecrno, c
xoero nononara npsxa e nemncnnma.
Omuoueuuemo r+ epe+emo e uecuo u usn.ueuo c
mpeeoea. Puouama saopae sa oecmeume.uo
npomu:auomo epe+e u ce noman e ceoe us+uc.euo
cvoermueuo epe+e, o.usro oo po+aumu:uomo.
Karo ue nn ro nsxnnxna na npaxrnxa rona, xoero Kamm
napnua pemnrennnx mnr n xnnora". Tpxna nenpexcnaro a
ce onnrna a xnnee raxa, xaro ue nn rona npeme nnxora nxma
a cnpmn. Hsnnrannero na Cnsn] nnn nonanano n rynen
csnanne!
To ne snae xaxno ro ouaxna n xpax na rynena. Bpemero my
e naxcano na orpomnn paocrn n na xonxoro nnesannn,
ronxona n xparxorpann cxpn. Mncnx, ue mnomara crpaa
nnn ce nacnaxana na nnno nsnn nocroxnnara cn
emonnonannocr. Hacrpoennero my nenpexcnaro ce xoneae
mexy enpecnxra n noymennennero, xoero e n xapaxrepno
sa rasn ]asa.
peeuume oouecmea vcnoroeam :vecmeomo ua
mpeeoruocm, roemo usnumeam +.aoume, ramo u+ oaeam
es+oruocm oa npoeepm :pes pumva.ume ua noceeueuue
ooroe ce npocmupam epauuume ua usnumauuemo. C moea
u+am sa e. oa no+oeuam ua muouama oa npeooo.ee
ca+omama.
Ho rosn naunn ro cnpsna npnomananero cn xm
rpynara c onpeenen momenr nn npemero. Omecrnoro
pemana xora a ce nsnpmn nocnemennero n na xaxna
nspacr moxe a ce cmxra, ue mnomara neue npnrexana
ncnuxn arpnyrn na mxecrnenocrra. Kora moxe a ce oxenn,
a rprne na nona nnn na non. Hoxoxmoro npeme sa
ncnuxn resn naxnn cnrnx n xnnora na mnomara ce
onpeenx or omecrnoro.
Ho-uamamr ue cmaue cuo, :e oopamuo ua
oouonpuemomo +ueuue, noceeueuuemo ue ce usepuea
uuroea nperoeepe+euuo u espacmma, romo ce usoupa, e
oouruoeeuo +erov 14 u 16 eoouuu. Ceemm ua
cmapeuuuume onpeoe. euuaeu e epauuume ua
pasv+uomo, uuroea ua 12 eoouuu, a no-cropo r+ 16 eoouuu,
nouroea u no-rcuo.
Hsopr na nspacrra ce onpeenx or nxonomnuecxn
ocroxrencrna n or connannnre crpyxrypn na omecrnoro,
xonro nonxxora nanarar nocnemennero a ce nsnpmna-no-
pano nnn no-xcno.
B npeume +ooepuu aemoouoepaqu:uu po+auu, rarmo ee
esnumame.uume po+auu om npeouuuume eeroee,
noceeueuuemo euuaeu epeu saeouo c npo+ua e
npocmpaucmeomo. Uecmo ueooxoou+ocmma oa ce crca c
ropeuume u.u urareo
npeouseurauo uso.upaue npoeorupam rpusama, romo ue
oceoooou muouama. Omoa.e:aeauemo om nocmouuomo
+ecmonpeoueaeaue (npoo.rume.ua earauu, .e:euue) u.u
omoe.uemo e uumepuam (oo.uu:ua cma) omrpueam nm
r+ noceeueuuemo. Auope Ba.mep
6
ua uo e npuuvoeu oa
.eru e cmama cu sapaou sopaeoc.oeuomo cu ccmouue u
mara ce paroa sa .umepamvpama.
Bcmnocr mnomecrnoro moxe a ce rnxyna
enonpemenno xaro sarouenne n xaro nocnemenne n xpax na
rona sarouenne.
Hpu +.aoume ue+cru eepou ecmemu:ecrume euuocmu ca
nocmaeeuu uao ocmaua.ume +opa.uu, qu.ocoqcru u
no.umu:ecru uoea.u. Puouama mpcu mpecraeo coua.uu u
e+ououa.uu roumarmu, usepaoeuu npeou ecu:ro ua
ucrpeuocm. He ce .u omuac cuomo sa crumauu
ro.erauuu om Cnacume.m e prma" ua Ce.uuorp!
Rnomara camoxnanxo nxe, sa a sanyn ocranannre,
xaro no rosn naunn ce onnrna a sanasn ncrnncxoro cn as,
ronxona xpexxo n cmrno, ue ro ne e n ccroxnne a ro
noxaxe raxona, xaxnoro e, opn n a ncxa. Ero samo xra n
nsmncnnnara.
Kpne ce sa peura. Hsnpa esnx, xoro nxma npsxa c
ecrnnrennocrra. 3nauennero my e cnmnonnuno.
Xo.ou ce xea.u, :e e ua-cmpaxomuum .re, roeomo
uroea cme nosuaea.u ".
Xonn cncem ne e mnroman, samoro ncexn nr pasxasna
cam na cee cn nennannnara, xoxro e nsmncnnn. 3a nero nmar
snauenne cnmnonnre. To samnrana cnoxra nenonropnmocr,
xaro yanx ecrnnrennocrra n norox or samacxnpamn x
ymn, sa xonro pyrnre cn mncnxr, ue nmar ornomenne xm
cocrnenara my peannocr.
6 Anpe Banrep repo or noernunara nposa "nennnxr na Anpe Banrep"' (1891
r.) or ]pencxnx nncaren Anpe Xn. F. np.
Iepom om Cnacume.m e prma " ue e e uurare
c.v:a po+aumur. H ece nar sao +acrama cu mo norasea
muouecmeomo ramo epe+e, usn.ueuo c :ucmoma u
ueeuuuocm e cpaeueuue c oouecmeomo, e roemo +v
npeocmou oa uae.ese u.u e roemo ee:e e. Be ecu:ru po+auu,
roemo muouama e eepom e npeo .ue, ce ua.aea uoema,
:e muouama e oaua ua :oeera, ua ooeuu :oeer, u :e mo
npeesxoroa mosu :oeer, :e cmpvea noee:e om espacmuu u
e rpaua c+emra, ro.romo u oa e merr moeapm, ro.romo
u oa cmpaoa, u+euuo mo e uocume.m ua ucmuuama.
Topa, xoero ce cnyuna no npemero na mnomecrnoro, moxe
a ce cpannn c paxanero na eero, n xoero e ncrnnara sa
emero na erero. Hpen a npneme xomnpomncnre, xonro
omnxr xnnor c pyrnre nanara, mnomara e nocnren na
ncrnna. Crana yma sa xomnpomncnre, xonro ro me e
npnnyen a npann, sa a onenee, n a ocmecrnn
cexcyannocrra cn, xoxro camo sa nsnecrno npeme ome me
nonnarxna ]anrasnnre my, npen a ce npenpne n
ecrnne.
B v+ume " Capmp +ore ou npe omxep. uoema sa
uenopo:uocmma ua muouama, ro+eouma, romo +.aoum
:oeer uepae no omuoueuue ua oouecmeomo. Kamo :e .u
oememo +ore ca+o oa noemopu, oa npue+e +ooe.a ua
espacmuume. Hooparaea u+ u eu u+umupa, uo oes oa cu
epea.
C nnnoro csnanne, ue ce npecrpyna. Hnrerpnpanero n
omecrnoro ce ccron n nonrapxnero na xecronere na
nspacrnnre. a nopaxanam rona e, xoero cnope enara
osnauana a ce npecrpynam.
3a Capmp :oeeuromo cuecmeo e coopm om ueeoeume
oecmeu. B rpaua c+emra .u:uocmma e cervnuocm om
recmoee, roumo +oeam oa ce uao.moaeam omeu.
Hoono uacrnuno oxcnenne e nennno n nexymanno.
Moxe n anropr e nman nyxa rouno or raxona oxcnenne,
sa a onpanae emonnonannnx napnncnsm, xoro ne non xm
cpnero. 3amoro cpnero oennxna, a repoxr orxasna a npn-
ema rxnoro n neronoro enncrno n c nacneenoro or
npenmnnre noxonennx. To ro pasunenxna na anaromnunn
uacrn, oxcnxna nopono ]ynxnnnre nm, xaro ue nn re nxa
mornn a cmecrnynar nesanncnmo ena or pyra. B pyrnre
ro nnxa camo rnxonere, mannnre, neocrarnnre. V
Caprtp nmonra, nsrnexa, orccrna. Bce nax ro e uonex, n
xoro xaro mna ca ce nnmnann, no camnxr ro e nsnnrnan
camo cnasn, ne n nmon.
To oou:aue ucmuucru ca+o esura. Esurm oeue
uaucmuua ueeoeama .mooe.
Manxo, xaxro n Cnacnrenxr n pxra". Iepoxr xasna na
xopara, ue e xpexx, no ue rpxna nce nax a onua nxxoro.
Koro? Esnxa. Hapnncrnuno ro onua esnxa, xoro ce paxa or
nero. Vcnxna a naxapa n pyrnre a ro saonuar. Ho xoro
onua camnxr ro? To e nocr-mnoma, xoro ncxa a ce
ocnoon or ena nmon, npnemana moxe n sa nsmamna no
npeme na pomanrnsma n xoxro ome ne ce nsnpnema xaro
ncrnncxara.
Kamo npue+a+e sa ucmopu:ecra omnpaeua mo:ra
Bmopama ceemoeua eoua, romo noepeoea ocmamume om
XIX e., euroa+e m. uap. oopuaue u.u npo+ua e noe.eoa ua
po+auucmume. Hpeou 1939 e. nucame.ume onuceaxa
muouecmeomo ramo cvoermueua rpusa: +.aoume ce
ovumveam cpeuv pooume.ume u oouecmeeuume npuuvou,
ramo e cuomo epe+e +e:mam oa cmauam opso
espacmuu, sa oa sarueem ramo mx. C.eo 1950 e. ua
muouecmeomo ce e.eoa ue ramo ua rpusa, a no-cropo ramo
ua ccmouue. To e useecmeu c+uc. ce
uucmumvuoua.usupa ramo qu.ocoqcro nperueeaue u
sao.rume.eu npexoo, npes romo +uuaea csuauuemo. Tara
cmuea+e oo ersucmeuua.ucmrama me+a sa co.cra c
aocvpoa. Puouecmeomo ce m.rvea ramo sao.rume.uo
ccmouue ua +ooepuomo csuauue, roemo pasrpuea
mpaeu:uomo e :oeeurama cooa Bcro :oeeuro cuecmeo
usepeea uecsuame.uo, no-cropo uumvumueuo, omro.romo
uoeuo nm ua qu.ocoqume.
Hsopr, xoro rpxname a ce nanpann nn upannnx no
npeme n n xpax na nonara, mexy na nannno
npornnononoxnn neana nopon cmnre cemenn pamn,
xaxnnro no pyrn npnunnn enn nex no-pano npensnnxa
a]epara pa]yc
7
. 3a ne raxa mnanre npeopmanero na
nennocrnre e nnno. enara ne moxexa neue a ce oxnxr
cpemy ponrennre, samoro ponrennre ce xxa xoneann
mexy crpynnuecrnoro c nemcxnre oxynaropn n
Cnpornnara. B mnnanoro mnanre ne ce nnrepecynaxa raxa
or nonnrnxa, xaxro cne nonara. unnoco]cxnre n
connannnre nennocrn (]nnoco]nxra na penonmnnxra) nsemar
npenec na ecrernuecxnre n mopannnre.
,Tx npnrexaname onasn mnmonerna rpannosnocr na na-
npenecrnnx npexo mnomecrnoro nnn cnnnanero na na sa-
nesa, nauanoro na xenara n xpaxr na erero."
Bnxrop Rro ,Mopcru
mpvreuuu "
7 Hncnennpan c cpemy ]pencxnx ren -maen o]nnep A pa]yc, enpenn no
nponsxo, onnnen n mnnonax n nonsa na Iepmannx Ho narncxa na
omecrnenoro mnenne nomnnnan n peannnrnpan npes 1906 r F pe.
IHABA HETA
IEPOH H MOEHH
Kon xxa reponre na mnaexra, npen a ce pon
penonmnnonnara neonornx c nennre naprnsann n
myxaxnnnn? Kaxno ce npenarame na nopaxennero ?
Kon xxa moennre , ocronn sa nopaxanne?
Be.urume Hmeuecmeeuuu, +open.aeame.u u
usc.eooeame.u sae+am +cmomo ua puapume,
rouoomuepume
1
u n.roeooume. Hpu+epm ua A.ercauop
Be.uru, ua Hesap u ua rpcmouocume uso.eouea npeo mosu
ua Mapro Ho.o, Bacro oa Ia+a u Bveeueu..
Xv+oo.m no epe+emo ua Bouanapm saceu:ea c uav:uume
cu nocmureuu eoeuuama c.aea ua eeuepa.a. Bouanapm ue
+ore oa ce npu+upu cc c.aeama ua Xv+oo.m, :uumo
nmenucu om Hamuucra A+epura, nvo.urveauu e Eepona, ce
paoeam ua oepo+eu vcnex. Heeoeume omrpumu ua+upam
cuu omsevr, raremo u eoeuuume nooeou. Hav:uama
+ucu, romo npuopvraea ercneouuouuu ropnvc e
Eeunem, sana.ea +.aou Launo.iou. Hpeouseurame.cmeama
ua uavrama ue ooam euuaeu noeoo sa cpeeuoeauue, ooramo
cnoucopupauume ccmesauu u.u uaonpeeapama ee
eopraeauemo ue ooescp:u e rpa ua rpauuama
uuuuamueama ua +.aoume.
Ha c.eoeauama mao.ua +ore oa ce npoc.eou
paseumuemo ua +ooe.ume, npeo.aeauu ua +.aoerma.
Bpe+emo ua eepoume oocmuea anoee cu c noceeuaeauemo e
puapcmeo.
1 Konornepn npenonrenn na naemnn nocxn n Hrannx, XIVXV n. F. pe.
Houroea ompuame.uu e+ouu cnpoeoroam
nmveauuma: samo:euue, oenopmupauemo e npeume
ro.ouuu. Hocmeneuuo ooa:e uoema sa nooeue u uav:uama
e. ue saceu:am usce.eauemo om poouuama.
C.eo +ouapxuma u 4peucrama peeo.mu sa.esm ua
ooeoeeme, npeou oue oa saeuuam uoeo.oeuume, cenaoa c
rpa ua pumva.ume ua noceeueuue "'. 3ao.rume.uomo
oopasoeauue ue ooeseuu p:uume v+euu u usrvcmeomo oa
ce e.aoee m.omo. Le uacmnu epama ua uoo.ume. Me.uua
sa +u+o.emuu seesou. Hs:eseam +ooe.ume, rarmo
oocmouume sa nooparauue, mara u omo.creauume
npu+epu. Mao u Ue Ieeapa ce noe.uam opso. ecmeuma
ua uoo.ume" ce c.eom c .moonumcmeo, uo uuro ue +uc.u
oa u+ nooparaea. Koucv+upam eu cnopeo +cmomo u+ e
r.acauma ua xumoeeme. Hurareu oorecmea, uurareu
eocnooapu. Ca+o e cermume ua-c.aoume ua+upam ceoume
eooa:u.
He crana yma sa nnnnnyanno xoncymnpane, a sa
xonexrnnno xnnenne. Kpnrepn npn nsopa e a ce ]nrypnpa
n uennara xnacannx.
Vuennnnre or eno nono cpeno yunnnme xxa noxanenn
a my nsepar narpon. Mnoro or npenoxennxra xxa sa
Mecpnn
2
. Ho neouaxnano no pemenne na ponrennre
yunnnmero e xpcreno na Xan-Hon Caprp. Hncaren
ope, no none a orronapxme na nxyconere na mnanre...
Vuennnnre mnoro uerxxa xonnre nsannx na Fopnc Bnan n
c yononcrnne nxa nocemanann nnne, napeuen na neronoro
nme. Ho npemero, xoraro nspacrnnre snaexa, ue mnanre
uerar Cenr-Exsmnepn, nmame nnne Cenr-Exsmnepn".
Hpromo oouveaue +erov :umame.u u uoeuu
uacmaeuuu ce npeepua ee:e e usr.m:ume.uo poro
coumue. Koeamo npes 50-me eoouuu uro v:euur
xapeceaue meop:ecmeomo ua rue nucame., mo mpceue
cpeua c ueeo. Xopama noceuaeaxa .umepamvpuu npe+uepu c
pasoaeaue ua aemo-
2 Mecpnn, Xax cxananno nsnecren ]pencxn ranrcrep, ynr or nonnnnxra npn
onnr sa xrcrno npes 1980 r. F. np.
rpa], sa oa ce cpeuuam c eo.e+ume aemopu. Ceea, roeamo
+ore+ oa eu uao.moaea+e no me.eeusuma u roeamo oecm-
ce.pume ce npooaeam e cmomuu xu.ou erse+n.pu, uuro
ue npoeea re.auue oa ce sanosuae c aemopa. Hpeou cuec-
meveaue cmpe+er sa oouveaue c ovxoeuu eooa:u u.u
nucame.u ramo n.oo ua uuoueuova.eu uumepec u ramo
pearu Cpeuv uoo.a ua +acoeu nompeoume. npu
ro.ermueuume spe.uua. uec ooa:e +uoeo +.aoeru ca
oesno+ouuu u .ecuo ce Hpeepuam e repmea ua uro evpv
om ro.ermueua cerma, aro ce c.v:u oa nonaouam e +perume
+v. Ca+o oonpeou 20 eoouuu +.aoume ce m.nxa, sa oa
no.v:am aemoepaq om E.euc Hpec.u u.u rou Heuu.
Mvsura.uume sanucu ceeooxa mxuomo npuccmeue oo
npoovrm ua eoopareuuemo, npeouasua:eu sa roucv+au.
Beue nocnren na nocnannero e ]oroxonnero, a ne opnrnna-
nr.
Hsnumeax+e cmpax om noro.euuemo, roemo use.eroaue
uan.uo omnvcuamo, oespas.u:uo, oes omuoueuue r+ co.u-
oapuocmma u oopoama cpeuv pacus+a. H useeour cmauax-
+e ceuoeme.u rar cuama masu +.aoer ce coupa u us.usa
ua v.uama, opeauusupa ce u v:peoea coocmeeu nap.a+eum.
+.aoerume vceuam +uoeo ueua, uo eu nperueeam
ro.ermueuo. Hoooouo ua ceoume uume.ermva.uu
npeouecmeeuuu, qu.ocoqu, no.umu:ecru armueucmu,
roumo pasoo.u:uxa Cma.uu u Mao, oueuuume +.aoeru uu
saeeam: Hue ue re.ae+ oa ooe+ saeucu+u oopu om mesu,
roumo an.ooupa+e no rouepmume u :uumo n.o:u rvnvea+e.
Hue ce :vecmeame +uoeo ooope oes ooe u oes uoeuu
uacmaeuuu. Hue ce onumea+e oa rueee+ c +uc. sa
:oee:ecmeomo." Toea ou +oe.o oa ce onpeoe.u ramo
ro.ermueeu vcem sa npaeama ua :oeera.
Mncnx, ue axo nce nax mnomnre nponxanar a nsnnrnar
nxxaxno uyncrno, xoero ocrana nenpomeneno npes ronnnre,
ro e npexnonennero nm npe npnxrencrnoro. Bxpara n npnx-
rencrnoro cmecrnyna n, crpyna mn ce, ue camo xoraro x
nsryxr, mnomnre ryxr ncnuxo. Enncrneno npnxrencrnoro
npann xnnora nm nonocnm. Bcnuxn pomann, xonro
cnomenaxme oryx, ca nponnrn or xaxara sa nnamenno
npnxrencrno Bnpexn ue npnxrencrnoro no-uecro non o
pasouaponannx, orxonxoro o yonnernopenne, ro e nce raxa
rpceno n xenano. Tesn, xonro nsrnexar na-sacrpamenn n
npnnnuar na nrpauxa n pnere na cara, na-cxnonnn a
rpcxr yexnme n xonexrnna, nsrnexa, ne ca mornn a
namepxr raxona npnxrencrno nnn ca nnn npeanann enn-
na nrn.
Tpxna a npnsnax, ue ne npecranam a ce nsnenanam
noxo, xoraro uynam orronopa na nnpoc, nocranxn na xnno
saropmoseno ere, nonxxora mnoma, nonxxora opn 78-
ronmno, xoero nsrnexa xaro nsrynno xenanne sa xaxnoro
n a e. Hxxon ome npnonnar raxona nspaxenne n uecro rona
ca ena na pasneenn nnn pasenenn ponrenn. Or xoro ce
uyncrnam npeaen nce nax?" Bmecro or ponrennre"
orronopr e or npnxren". Heoxcnnmara sa erero pasxna na
ponrennre npann ome no-noxa panara or npearencrnoro
na npnxren nnn npnxrenxa, nxma snauenne momue nnn momnue.
enara ne morar a npoymexr samo npnxrenuero, xoero
onuar, rn orxrna nnn npeana. Axo rona ce nonropn, re cn
mncnxr: Ornacx ce raxa c mene, samoro cm eno nnmo."
Taxa ryxr nxpa n cee cn. uyncrnoro sa manonennocr moxe a
ce pasnne ome n ercxnre ronnn, no ome no-cnnno e ro y
mnomara, axo ro ce e nouyncrnan npeaen or npnxren na
cnoxra nspacr, n unxro nsanmnocr e nxpnan. Hmam npenn
npnxrencxa nmon es ]nsnuecxa npsxa. Maxap n neue a
nsnnrnar onesn nmnyncn, xonro ]nsnonornunnre npomenn
npensnnxnar, mnomnre nce ome ne ce crpemxr xm nonona
npsxa. Hpnxrencrnoro e nemo mnoro no-cnxro sa rxx. Koraro
npnxrenxr e camo enn n cn sarynn neue nxpa n cee cn sapan
nxxoe npenmno npearencrno, yapr e crpamen.
Moxe n nyeprerr e nn ouaxnan c naexara: Koraro
nopacna, me nmam ncrnncxn npnxrenn", n nocne ce oxasna, ue
n rona e nno nnmsnx. B ouaxnane na nyeprera oruaxnnero
ne e nno nnno, no mom nacrnn, npearencrnoro or
nspanoro cmecrno ce npenpma n cxpymnrenen yap.
Pasouaponannero or npnxrencrnoro e na-ronxmoro
nsnnranne n nyeprera. Koraro sa mnomara nacrnn npemero
a nanycne cemecrnoro, sa a noeme xm nensnecrnoro,
nornxnan or cexcyannocrra, enxsana or sapanara sa
xpnocmemenne (xoxro x e cnponoxana n mnnanoro),
npnxrennre na nnsxa nspacr ce npenpmar n na-naxnoro
nemo na cnera T xaro camo nxpara n cee cn ana
camouyncrnne na mnomara, ro ce nsnpnema xaro orpaen
or npearencrnoro na npnxren. B raxn momenr moxe n na
nsocranenocr, camornocr n opxanocr nma nepoxrnocr nxxo
xonexrnn c enepconn]nnnpann npsxn a nsnonsna ocrarxa
or cnnnre my, xaro npnae nsnecren cmncn na eneprnxra,
xoxro e ynonnn Hxma 3nauenne ann crana yma sa rpyna, saera
c nxxaxna axrnnna enocr nnn oraena na nacnnno
csepnanne xaro cnymane na nnoun, nymene, nnene nnn
rpynono pornpane cc cmnnrenno yonnernopenne.
Vxsnnmocrra, npeuynnanero na nnu-nocrra na mnomara n
xpnsa ce nxn na ]axra, ue ro e nn-men or saxonno npano
na nnuen rpy, xoro n my nxnan Camouyncrnne n
ynepenocr. Mncnx, ue rona e npnunnara, no-pan xoxro
ronxona mnoro mnaexn nponaar nec. Pasnpa ce, re nmar n
pyrn ocnonannx a nsnxsar or pannonecne, no camo rpyr
n morn a nm nomorne a nsnpnar onepnero n cee cn, ra
opn n nopan ]axra, ue neuenxr napn. Tona npenonara, ue n
eme nxa mornn a ce nsmxnar or esnsxonnara, n xoxro
nm ce crpyna, ue ca nonanann, axo ycnexr a nxonomncar n
a narpynar nemnuxo, c xoero a cn ocnrypxr yexnme,
nsnecrna cnooa na ecrnne, nemo xaro Hauano na uacren
xnnor. Koraro ne nnxar neue raxana nsmoxnocr, mnanre ce
npnnyxanar a rpcxr nesaxonnn naunnn a neuenxr napn
nnn a cn ocranxr no xpnmnnanen nr sapanenn
yononcrnnx, ome no-npnmamnnnn c rona, ue ca npenn sa
spanero. Bnpexn ue napxornxr moxe a onee o cmpr,
sa mnanre ro e yononcrnne, xoero nm nomara a onenexr.
a ymnpam anno, ne e cmoro xaro a ce camoy-
nem n enn mnr. Ipynara moxe a e yexnme nnn
samecrnren na onepnero n cee cn.
Hoo.ume ua 50-me eoouuu u+axa ceoume ooorame.u,
rarmo u no.umu:ecrume .uoepu ceoume npuepreuuu. uec
me ca ca+o uo+epa om monr.acauu, nuouru om e.ermpouuu
ccmesauu, maruea, rareumo uu eu npeo.aeam oo+auuume
ro+nmmpu. He:e.u ue .u:uum usoop, a rouqop+us+m, m.
e. mosu, romo u+a rc+ema oa v.v:u +ueuuemo ua
+uosuucmeomo. Cece+ opve ou ou. c+uc.m, aro ne:e.eue
mosu, romo noco:u ua-opueuua.uu omeoeop, npu moea,
ramo eo +omueupa. He:e.ueuum oa ooe mosu, romo
cv+ee oa ce oorare ramo uuoueuova.uocm, voeoeua e
ceoume :vecmea u uoeu.
Ome n yunnnme nnymanar na enara a ce npnpxar xm
nxxaxno cpeno pannnme n a ce crpemxr xm rona, xoero
napnuame xoncencyc". Kax rpxna a nannma cunnennero,
sa a ce xapeca na yunrenx? 3amo a ne ro nannma raxa,
xaxro mn ce ncxa? Tosn crpemex a ce xapecam na pyrnx ce
nnymana orncxxe, a ero ue nec rosn pyr crana neue
xonexrnnr, opn ne n nnnnnr. Koraro nmame
nnrennrenrnn npenoanarenn, re xapaxa yuennnnre a ce
crpemxr a ar pasnnunn, a ne raxnna, xaxnnro ce
nsncxname a ar. 3a cxanenne resn npenoanarenn xxa
rnpe manxo.
A moxe n oxcnennero na nxnara cncrema rpxna a ce
rpcn n rona, ue uonexr, sacnenen or nnacrra na mamnnara,
xoxro cam e csan raxa, ue a nponsnexa cepnn or nannno
enaxnn npemern, x npenpma n moen n sa cee cn. uonex
csana mamnnn, cne rona sanouna a nm nopaxana. Camo
nnunocrnre npanxr rpynara cnnna.
Cne xaro cemecrnara ne ca n ccroxnne a npenoxar
npannna na npexoa (pnryann n p.) n no-nspacrnnre
noxonennx ce nponanxr nenpexcnaro n crpemexa cn a
xnnexr no non naunn, mnanre sanounar a ce nperpynnpar,
a ce nonomarar nsanmno n a nsnpnemar enn no-
xecrnxynxpen esnx. Te ce pxar raxa, xaro ue nn ca
nsmncnnnn nonn naunnn na
omynane nnn xaro ue nn xnnexr nanyx na omecrnoro.
Bxpnar, ue morar a orxpnxr nonn nema, n nmar npano. Te ca
resn, xonro rpxna n morar a ro nanpanxr, ne nspacrnnre.
IHABA BECTA
CHOBO 3A EuEF
1
.OCHOBOHOHOXHHHH HA
HAVKATA 3A RHOBATA
A+epurauem Cmeu.u Xo. e eouu om npeume, romo e
ua:a.omo ua mosu eer npeo.aea eouo no-sao.oo:euo
usv:aeaue ua muouecmeomo. To cmaea aemopumem, c.eo
ramo npes 1904 e. us.usa ruueama +v Hcuxo.oeu ua
muouecmeomo". Hpeume usc.eoeauu sano:eam npes 1890
e.
B nauanoro ce npoyuna nnreparypara, nocnerena na
mnomnre, n ce oocnonana neoxonmocrra or cornernara
nayxa. Rnomara xaro raxn ce npenpma n oexr na
cnennanno nanmenne.
B eouo ceoe c:uueuue, nvo.urveauo npes 1898 e.,
Hauracmp npexep. oeecma ouoepaquu ua useecmuu
.u:uocmu u use.u:a urou ocuoeuu meuoeuuu, roumo ce
npoeeam e nepuooa ua muouecmeomo: cu.uu u+nv.cu,
ovpuu, uo rpamrompauu e+ouu, qaumasuu sa vcnex,
e.e:euue r+ usrvcmeo u noesu, re.auue sa
npevcmpocmeo ua oouecmeomo, cr.ouuocm r+ .vuua "
+e:mame.uocm, ca+omuocm u.u er-cmpaeaeaumuocm. Cpeo
muouume, npeepua.u ce no-rcuo e sua+euumocmu, ca
Caeouapo.a, reqepcu, Le.u, ropor E.um, To.cmo,
Pvco, Kumc, Xauc K. Auoepceu, P. Baeuep, Huep Homu.
Humo eouu om +.aoume, c roumo paseoeap Hauracmp, ue
ompu:a, :e e eouu u.u opve +o+eum om rueoma cu e
usnumea. re.auue sa ca+ovoucmeo, ueuo,
1 E]e mnoma n penna Arnna F. pe
roemo no-rcuo ramo espacmuu me ue npusuaeam. Toea, sa
roemo cra.eam (uanp. ropor E.um), e
po+aumu:uomo ve.e:euue oa npevee.u:aeam
mpeeoruocmma, romo cnpoeoroa muouecmeomo.
Cu.uume vceuauu ue eoom sao.rume.uo oo ovxoeuu
cmpeceuu. Bu c.eoea.o +ooepuama ncuxo.oeu oa
oeopa+amusupa mosu nepuoo Cmeu.u Xo. e npeum, v
roeomo ce paroa uoema oa usc.eoea u aua.usupa
npu:uuume sa v:u.uuuume uevcnexu ua eeuuu ramo Baeuep,
Xrc.u, Xeee...
Hanoneon sanpmna noenno yunnnme 42-pn no ycnex.
apnnn e enn nsxnmunrenno nocpecrnen" yuennx. A
yunrennre na Anman ro cmxrar sa ennen.
Hoonn ]axrn ne ronopxr npornn resn ymone, a
cnnerencrnar sa neyauna opasonarenna cncrema, sa
necnoconocrra a npnmrxna n pasnnna nnrennrenrnocrra n
rnopuecxoro nopaxenne.
Xon anannsnpa pannnre nocrnxennx na nxxon
cnpxnaapenn nnunocrn n nayxara, xaro Tnxo Fpaxe,
Iannne, Hmron, nnn nn ]nnoco]nxra, xaro xon-Crmpr
Mnn n Tomac Xxcnn. Cne crarncrnuecxa nscnenane npxy
nspacrra, n xoxro ce npoxnxnar xyoxecrnennxr n
nnreparypnnxr rananr, amepnxanenr ycranonxna, ue n
noneuero cnyuan rona crana mnoro npen 20-ronmnara
nspacr. Oxasna ce, ue cemecrnoro, yunnnmero n npxnara ce
npornnonocranxr na renennnxra sa npexenpemennoro
pasnnrne na uonemxoro cmecrno.
Ena or sacnyrnre na Xon e, ue npnsonana cnennanncrnre
n onacrra na nearornxara a paorxr n no-rxcno
crpynnuecrno c ncnxonosnre-nscneonarenn n a ce
ncnymnar n rona, xoero nm ronopxr maprnnannnre xopa
2
, sa a
pasepar no-ope mexannsmnre sa ]opmnpane na nnunocrra.
Ioouuu c.eo noeama ua +auuqecma ua Xo. sac.vraea
omuoeo oa cu npuno+uu+ ueeoeu npuuoc u uoeamopcmeo.
2 Maprnnanen uonex xoro uacrnuno e sarynn npnonauannara cn xynrypna
npnnanexnocr a nonara xynrypa e ycnonn nennno, nma cnoxna nepconannocr,
nenocneonarenno noneenne n nsxnnxna ccroxnnero cn xaro ncxom]opr F
pe
Koeamo saeea, :e npeo.aea uoea, peeo.muouua meopu,
romo npeoopua oouonpuemume uoeu, mara rarmo
meopuma ua apeuu npaeu ua nvx u npax cuecmeveauume
oomoeaea meopuu sa eeo.muma, ue cu .u npuceoea
ecuuocm mo sac.veume, roumo oes npevee.u:euue +ore+
oa mepou+, :e npuuao.eram ua 4poo
C nexra sa neoxonmocrra or nayxa sa mnomnre, c
xpnrnxara na xannernara ncnxonornx, na xoxro
npornnonocranx npaxrnuecxara ncnxonornx na repen, Crennn
Xon ecrnnrenno nsnpenapna npemero cn. Bce nax neronoro
cxnamane sa nearornuecxnx noxo" ne ornna no-aneu or
pyconsma a ce oxypaxanar nmnyncnre n nncrnnxrnre, nxn
n rpanrencxnre nncrnnxrn, c nen a ar ocsnarn n a ce
nserne no rosn naunn noxnara nm n spxna nspacr no
]opmara na neoysana arpecnnnocr 3a a ce nsnpmn rosn
xarapsnc y enara npes nyeprera, ro nannno npenopuna a
ce uere ronxmara xnnra na xnnora npnpoara, n a ce
nomnxr reponunnre npnmepn, c xonro e orara ncropnxra
IAABA CEMA
PACTEX H HOBEEHHE.
HEOHAHOCT H XAPMOHHuHOCT
Crpanen e rosn nn ]nsnuecxa nenoxnarnocr, xapaxrepna
sa nyeprera, npoxnxnama ce no-cnnno npn momuerara n
cpannenne c momnuerara. Kpaxara nm cranar rpomann xaro na
mnan xpenn, xonro ce pasnnnar no cmnx nexapmonnuen
naunn. Kpannnnre ca necpasmepnn: xpaxara rpamann, a
pnere nsocranar, nonxxora camo xpaxara n pnere pacrar, a
ropcr ocrana manx. Hnncna cnmerpnx, nparnero e xaro na
nnne nnn nx oparnoro, ropcr, nparr n rnanara cranar
orpomnn, moxe n nononnre oprann, a pnere rnnuxn.
Hnnero e xaro nonyxnano, nocr nce no-cnnecnar, ra uax
unn, nospnre ce pasmnpxnar, ueprnre sarpyxnar, xaro
xnann nane-narpn. Hxxon ca xaro nanomnann, pyrn
pasxpnnenn. Momnuerara ce npnrecnxnar mnoro sa pcra cn.
Tpenoxar ce xaxro npexaneno nncoxnre, raxa n npexaneno
saxprnennre n nncnuxn enouera. ncxapmonnxra npn
pacrexa na 1213-ronmnnre momuera, no-noueprana
orxonxoro npn momnuerara, e mnoro nmonnrna. Karo ue nn
orennnre uacrn na rxnoro pacrar na rnacnn. Cne ne
ronnn re ca nopacnann oxonuarenno.
Ko.romo c no-cnoumauuo :vecmeo ua pasoupaue ce
omuacm oeama r+ ceoume ueoeaeu epcmuuu, mo.roea
no-recmoru ca me r+ oeama c ueeuuuu oeqermu:
npera.euo uucrume u.u npera.euo eucorume, ope.ueume",
rora.ecmume, oeoe.auroeume, nn:ueume Koou.ume"
usoupam
ua-:ecmo sa ceo uepasoe.eu npume. uroe oeoe.o
orvore", a oouruoeeuo cpeua+e rupaqume" e
ro+nauuma ua uroe rmqme". Tara ce noeeam
noc.oeu:uume Kpa:vu u Ma.:o, roumo noouepaeame.uo ca
co:euu c npcm
Hecmneno crana yma sa npnnnnuane na nsanmno
onnnamn ce npornnononoxnocrn. Onnr a ce
neyrpannsnpar n a ce ypannonecxr necnpmencrnara.
Vremnrenno e a cre nama, xoraro nmare nponemn c
nnmnocrra cn. Tnnexpnre npenounrar a ce xnxnar na
nynnunn mecra n xomnannxra na npcrnnnn cc cmnx
neoxnan nn, xaro no rosn naunn no-necno namornar
cnoxra rpenoxnocr n nomo camouyncrnne. Momnuerara
npexnnxnar mnoro rexxo nponemnre cc cnox cnnyer. Te ce
crpemxr a xomnencnpar neyocrnoro, xoero nsnnrnar, xaro
nsnpar npornnononoxnoro na rona, xoero n nm
noxoxano, nanp. pexn, xonro rn npanxr ome no-rpyonarn;
xan]enn nanranonn, xnncn, uecro ce rnuar c xpana, or
xoxro na-mnoro nnnexr. Hma nce nax n nexencrnenn
momnuera, xonro ce uyncrnar uyecno. Bce no-uecro ce
cpemar rnpe npnnnexarennn momnuera, xonro morar a ce
npoxnxr n nanoxar ne camo cc cnoxra xpacora. Bnpoc na
uecr e sa rxx a ne ar xapecnann camo xaro npemer.
More .u oa ce mepou sa +o+u:ema, roumo ce
saue+apeam uan.uo oo.u:am ce e :vea.u, ue ce +um,
ue ce peuam, ramo :e .u uapo:uo ucram oa ce saeposm, :e
usnumeam xo+ocercva.uo e.e:euue?
Ho-cxopo n morno a ce xaxe, ue re xenaxr a ocranar n
eno neyrpanno npeme. He ncxar a cnasnxnar, xaxro ncxxa
xena, nnro a sanomnar cpna, xaxro mxr. Mxr ne cmee
a ce noxaxe sanoenaren na xenn, axrnnnn xomocexcyanncrxn.
Momnuerara, sa xonro nne nnrare, rpcxr xena, xoxro a rn
,nocnern" n a rn onua xaro manxn esnononn cmecrna,
raxa ue a nm nxne xencrnenocr, orronapxma na rxxnara
npecrana. Te nxa ncxann a ar nnmenn n xencrnenn
xenn, no camnre re a nsrnexar neyrpannn, xaro ue nn ca
onuann or mxe. Te ca nnmenn n opasa, xoro ca cn cs-
ann sa cnpmeno xencrnenn xenn. pxar ce no ercxn
esnomomno nnn xaro maxa c manxoro cn momnuenne.
Pasnrpanar ce apxanunn uyncrna na maunna nnn cnnonna onu
xm maxa" nnn xena, unero nnnmanne ncxar a npnnnexar.
Tona ca momnuera, xonro ne namnpa cmenocr a ar xenn
nnn mxe, momnuera, xonro ca ocranann n ccroxnne na
esnononocr... 3acro, xoro ce oxcnxna c rpynocrn n
nepnoa mexy 3- n 5-ronmna nspacr.
Taxa xomocexcyannoro nneuenne moxe a ce npoxnn xaro
ocoen nn apxanuna xomocexcyannocr. Cnyuna ce nanpnmep
xena a nrpae na mnaa maxa, xoxro ce rpnxn sa crapnn xaro
sa eera. Hma xenn, xonro maunncxn ce rpnxar sa manxnre
cn ena, no ne n sa mnomn. Taxana maxa nsnnrna pennocr
xm 12-ronmnnre momnuenna, samoro na rasn nspacr ne e
nmana xerepocexcyannn ornomennx, xm xaxnnro ce crpemn
nenara mepx. Hponemnre na xennre n mxere ca xaro
enx n nomra. Hma mnoro xenn, xonro c ronnn ne xenaxr a
nmar ena. Te onuar ena, no ne ca yspenn sa nexra a
sauenar or mx n a ro apxr c ere.
Maunncrnoro n cexcyannocrra npn xenara morar a ne
sanncxr eno or pyro. He n npn mxa. Mxr ome or
nenenaue e mxxo nenenaue. To ce cnnna c momnuerara nnn
c momuerara xaro mx, ne xaro ennyx... Mncnx, ue ropocrra
or Hennca xaro arpnyr na mxxnx non e nemoro, xoero ne
moxe a e ornero na momuero. Hsxnmunrenna pxxocr e
opn resn, xonro nsnnrnar xenanne a cn nrpaxr na
momnuera, a ne xenaxr a npnrexanar nennc. Camo n mnoro
pexn cnyuan xomocexcyanncrn-rpanecrnrn nsxnxnar xenanne
a nm ce onepnpa nenncr. Tpanecrnrn momnuera, no c nennc.
Mxere xomocexcyanncrn pxar a ce ornacxr c rxx xaro c
mxe. Cnomnxm cn sa enn nnreparypen xpnrnx, xoro ce e
nouyncrnan mnoro sacernar or nerona xonexxa, nnrnpam:
,Hapnxxara nnreparypna xpnrnxa e nnn n pnere na mxe,
nnn na xomocexcyanncrn." Feme noxo moxnpan n
xasname: Ho re ca eno n cmo! Kax e nsmoxno a ce npann
pasnnxa mexy mxe n xomocexcyanncrn!"
Ko e npeum npusuar sa uacmneauemo ua nvoepmema
npu +o+:emama?
Hpnara nonmnnx. Mnoro mon nannenrn ca mn onncnann
ocroxrencrnara, npn xonro ca npexnnenn npnara cn
nonmnnx, nsnrpana ponx sa cyxanero na cexcyannocrra
nm. uecro nxxaxn nesnaunrenen onnp e nn ocraruen, sa
a x npensnnxa; xaro nexo oxocnane no nennnmanne o
xpaxa na cyuennx nn ]nsxynrypnnx canon. Bcnuxn resn mon
nannenrn nnxora ne nnn nsnnrnann xomocexcyanno nneuenne.
Bsya, cnponoena c epornuna nacnaa, moxe a ce nsnnra
no npeme na copnuxnane, cxnarxa, opa mexy
rnnexpn.
Hpnara nonmnnx e uecro pesynrar or cnyuaen
ennepmanen xonraxr. Honxxora opn n cnapenoro nerno e
ocraruno. Homnnre nonmnnn y mnomara ne ca cnpsann
xonxperno c ercxara enypesa
1
.
Bepoxrno crpaxr or xacrpannx e n ocnonara na uyncrnoro
sa npasnora, xoero moxe a onee o enpecnnna peaxnnx.
Hpnara nonmnnx npn Hyn XIV e onncana xaro nxxaxna
neuncra cycrannnx, xoxro ce orenx or xpanx". Benneno ce:
,Kpanxr ymnpa."
nec neue ne ce nnymana uyncrno sa nnna na mnomnre sapan
macrypannx. Cnpemennnre ena ne ce nnamar c nmonnoro
nperpemenne". Xyoxecrnenara nnreparypa, nocnerena na
onannpanero, nnnynana penna noxonennx mnan xopa, nec ce
cmxra sa orxnnennna. Tona ne nsxnmuna oaue exxynannxra
nacame a ce cnponoxa or uyncrno na cpam. Bnpouem axo n
nononara npsxa nmonnoro uyncrno ne cynnmnpa
2
n nacnaara,
uyncrnoro sa xacrpnpama npasnora n nmnorenrnocr nsema
namomne.
Hpen nyeprera, npn no-manxnre momuera
macrpyannxra, xoxro sanpmna c exxynannx, cmo moxe a
npensnnxa epornuna nacnaa.
1 Enypesa necpxane na ypnnara. F. pe.
2 Cynnmannx necsnanan ncnxnuen nponec, xoro nacouna eneprnxra na
nexenannre nmnyncn (nanp. arpecnnnnre nnn npnmnrnnno cexcyannnre) xsu
nennc1nn-xrnnnn, connanno npnemnnnn ]opmn na noneenne (nan-nncma1a nu
qopua e uonemxoro rnopuecrno). F. -p . Hepoxam.
He opa+amusupam .u +o+u:emama noee:e npeama
+eucmpvau, omro.romo +o+:emama npeama no.mu?
3a encrnennre momnuera e rpyno a nsnonsnar ramnon,
samoro nsnnrnar onxa npn nocranxnero n npn nsnaxanero
my. Ha mepx, npenouena a cn cnyxn c ramnonn, maxara
rnea xaro na enoxa, xoxro moxe a e nmana neue nonono
cnomenne. Bce nax maxnre ca no-cxnonnn a pasronapxr c
mepnre cn sa mencrpyannara xpn", orxonxoro a
oxcnxnar na momuerara npnara nonmnnx".
Pasunra ce na cnyuana cexcyanna nn]opmannx n uecro
npnara nonmnnx sanapna momuerara nsnenaann n nenoror-'
nenn.
uec npeomo no.oeo cuoueuue oouruoeeuo cmaea +erov
+.aou xopa ua eoua u cua espacm.
Koraro e sa npnn nr, nononnxr axr nourn nnnarn
pasouapona. Ocoeno axo e c naprntop na cmara nspacr,
xoro ro npmn, sa a ne ce pasnnuana or pyrnre n sa a
onnra na cno pe, a ne samoro ce uyncrna npnnneuen n
nsnnrna nyxa or nooen nn omynane n cnoeneno
yononcrnne. 3a mnanre nononoro cnomenne ce npenpma n
sanxnrenen pnryan, xoro re nsnnnxnar nomexy cn.
Cnyuna ce, mnoro no-pxxo, rnnexpnre a ro nsnpmar
sa npnn nr c no-nspacren naprntop.
Momuero ce nnnyna noneue sa norenrnocrra" cn,
orxonxoro ann me nsnnra yononcrnne. Hpn momnuerara e
oparnoro.
Bo ce ornacx o encrnenocrra, nennocrnre ca opnarn.
B mnnanoro, axo enoxara nna e]nopnpana, npen a ce
omxn, rx sarynana nenara" cn. nec momnuerara rnear na
npnara cn nonona npsxa xaro na cnrne, xoero rn npann
no-nennn xaro nnunocrn.
Hucmumvmm Apuo.o Iece.", ocuoeau npes 1950 e. e
Kiuermurm (CAL), npoeeroa cucme+amu:ua aurema epxv
emanume ua eeo.muma e noeeoeuuemo ua muouama om 10-
oo 16-eoouuua espacm (espacmma, romo pase.eroa+e u
e uacmouama ruuea). Hsc.eoeauemo ua mosu espacmoe
nepuoo er.m:ea uao.moeuu epxv epvna +.aou a+epurauu
cnopeo epaoueumume ua pacmera": qusu:ecro paseumue,
no.oeo paseumue, sopaee u xueueua, noeeoeuue u
:vecmeume.uocm, :epmu ua .u:uocmma, coua.uu epsru.
Hue ercmpano.upax+e mesu oauuu, sa oa cu csoaoe+ ooua
npeocmaea (er. mao.uama, noraseaua rapmuuama no
epe+emo, roeamo e npaeeuo usc.eoeauemo u romo e
uumepecuo oa pase.eoa+e ouec om e.eoua mo:ra ua
uacmouemo).
Heooxoou+o e oa vmo:uu+, :e usc.eoeauemo ooxeaua
+.aou a+epurauu +erov 50-me u 60-me eoouuu.
Honeenne xaro nexenannero a ce mnxr na 10-ronmnnre
nnn nnncara na nnrepec xm omamnnre sanxennx ce
nxn na onpeenen rnn nsnnranne. 3nauennero na anxerara
ce orpannuana or ]axra, ue ce ornacx sa xonxperna enoxa n
camo sa ena, nsnnrann n nypnrancxn cemecrna, no n
nopan rona, ue ce onpeenx xanenap na peaxnnnre ns
ocnona na nxxaxna nannno nponsnonna nopma sa r. nap.
,mnnnmanna nspacr".
Hpu +o+:emama sano:ea oa ce eoeopu sa +acmvpoau
om 12-eoouuua espacm uaeope.
Ha 14 ronnn, ce xasna n oxnaa, nomnnre nonmnnn
npensnnxnar uyncrno sa nnna. Hoonn rnpennx nanexar
na mncnra, ue enara ca or nmrepancxn n anaanrncrxn
cemecrna, norncnarn n cexcyannnx cn xnnor. Anxertopnre
ne cnomenanar sa nnrepec na momnuerara xm momuerara
npen 15-ara nm ronna. Te orunrar camo connannoro
orpaxenne na nmonnrcrnoro xm npornnononoxnnx non, a
ncmnocr crana yma sa nmon-crpacr n sa cexcyannn
ornomennx. Hsomo ne ce n cnomenana sa mnoroponnre 16-
ronmnn noxn cc cexcyanen onnr.
Cnope Iecen mnanre na rasn nspacr ca ome nn ]asara
na macrypannxra. nec e ope nsnecrno, ue nononnre nrpn
n nmonnnre crpacrn sanounar na 67-ronmna nspacr.
Tona, ue rn saenxsnar ena npn 12-ronmnnre, mn nanomnx
cne-
nnanno aanrnpannre xnnxxn sa ena, or xonro ca cxparenn
neyonnre nacaxn.
Iece. ue usr.m:ea covroaue ua .mooeuo :vecmeo u
nopauo, uo e c.v:a usc.eoeauemo ooxeaua ca+o oea uao
10-eoouuua espacm.
Tnpn ce, ue momnuerara sanounar a npoxnxnar nnrepec
xm pasnnrnero na rpnre cn ena na 11-ronmna nspacr.
Bcmnocr rosn nnrepec ce npoxnxna mnoro no-pano.
a ce cnpe+ ua moea, roemo ce uao.moaea ua-.ecuo:
oe.esume ua qusu:ecru pacmer. Cnopeo mao.uama u+a
pas.ura e cpeouu pcm +erov +o+u:emama u +o+:emama
ua 1011 eoouuu, uo npu +o+u:emama ee:e ce saoe.seam
npusuau ua no.oeo cspeaue u ua nvoepmem, ooramo
cpeouocmamucmu:ecru ua masu espacm maruea oe.esu npu
+o+:emama oue u+a.
H rona ne e nxpno. Hpn momnuerara rpnre nannnar, a
npn momuerara ce noxnxna mx. Kaxro npn momnuerara, n npn
rxx nma npomxna nn ]nrypara, no no-pasnnuna. Momnuerara
ce pasxyanxnar, a npn momuerara n nauanoro ne na oun na-
neue ncxapmonnxra. Pasmnnananero mexy nara nona e
nnnmo.
Hoeama ua +x npu +o+:emama ce saoe.sea ua-
uanpeo e ocuoeama ua neuuca u moea cmaea ua 12-eoouuua
espacm.
Moxe a ce cnyun n mnoro no-pano. Bn ncexn cnyua ne
rona npnana connanna cronocr na nxxoro.
pve npusuar, romo ce uao.moaea npu 11-eoouuuume
+o+:ema, ca eperuume (npeouseurauu eepomuo no epe+e
ua oopu:ra.u), sa roumo ce mepou, :e ce o.ram ua
ueepomu:uu cmu+v.u.
3amo nenpornunn? Hanpornn, cncem epornunn ca.
Momuerara nonyuanar epexnnx, xoraro ce xarepxr no nxe,
npn onnpa. Maxap n a nxmar nnmo omo c nmonra, rona
ne e nn-
mo pyro ocnen nonono nsyxane. Cmoro ce ornacx n sa
opnuxannxra, xero ce namecnar npaxenocrra n
cnepnnuecrnoro. Bnpocr, xo me naenee, xo me e
noenren n xo noeen, cmecrnyna onxxe n npn
cexcyannoro sanoenanne.
Cum cuo ce npo+eu +erov 10-ama u 12-ama eoouua.
Iece. usc.eoea :ecmomama ua cuveaue u xaparmepa ua
cuuuama. Cuecmevea nepuoo e nvoepmema, roeamo ce
cuveam npeou+uo rou+apu u romo npu pas.u:uume
uuoueuou ce npoeea no-pauo u.u no-rcuo.
Tona e ecrecrneno, samoro rorana ce nanycxa r. nap. ]asa
na narenrnocr. Tx cornercrna na npemero, xoraro
rnnexpr ce pasenx c ercrnoro. Orryx n xommapnre, e
xonro nnn ro ynnar, nnn ro ynna. Tpxna a ce nsmxne
na ncxxa nena. Ho npen nyeprera rona e nsmoxno camo
upes xommapn. He snam ann e nxpno, ue cne 13-ara ronna
sanounar a npeonaanar npnxrnnre cnnma, no rona n
rpxnano a osnauana, ue ]asara na narenrnocr (nx. . crp.
19) e npnxnmunna.
Turoeeme ca xaparmepuu sa muouecmeomo. V +uoeo
uuoueuou ce uao.moaea useecmua uenoxeamuocm ua-ee:e
roeamo eoeopm u ue suam roe oa ouam peme cu, ramo
npucmneam om rpar ua rpar. Muoeo :ecmo ce uao.moaeam
muroee ua .uemo.
Tona e nannno n mnoro no-ronxma crenen sa rpacxnre
momuera, orxonxoro sa enara na ceno. Ipacxnre ena ca
npnnyenn a norncxar nnrarennnre cn nmnyncn. Tnxonere,
nenoxnarnocrra ca cnpsann cc connonsnnrarennara cpea.
Cneonarenno ne crana yma sa nensexen cran or
pasnnrnero na mnomecxara emonnonannocr.
Ha ceno enara ce uyncrnar mnoro no-cnrypnn n
nnxennxra cn. Tpynocrnre, xonro pyrnre cpemar npn
xonrponnpanero nm, ca nspas na nanpexennero or rpacxnx
naunn na xnnor. Tona naxn n mnoro no-ronxma crenen sa
CAB, orxonxoro sa nac. Hone sa CAB ornpen 20 ronnn.
annnre, cnpsann c npemero, npexapnano n cn, snyuar
norpecanamo. Te anar nsmoxnocr a ocsnaem crenenra na
nacnnne na connonsnnrarennnx xann. 9 1/2 u cn sa 12-ro-
nmnnre, 9 u sa 13-ronmnnre. Camo uacr sa nxrane ce
nsmecrna or 21 na 21,30 u. Hsrnexa nenepoxrno, no
rpa]nxr e xaro n nancnon. nec enara nn renemann
peonno ne cn ocnnnar.
Ho omuoueuue ua coua.uume epsru usc.eoeauemo
uaco:ea euu+auuemo uu epxv raeeume +erov opam u
cecmpu.
Kon]nnxrnre nsuesnar xm 15-ronmna nspacr,
orenxsna Iecen. Taxa e. Or momenra, xoraro mnanre
sanounar a noxr ncrnncxn nonon xnnor, re sarynar
nnrepec xm parxra n cecrpnre cn.
H ryx, crpyna mn ce, ncnuxo sanncn or omecrnoro. 13-
ronmnnre momuera ca no-neomnrennn n cpannenne c 12-ro-
nmnnre. Momnuerara npenounrar a pyxar c no-ronemn
momuera. Momuerara cmo npoxnxnar nnrepec xm no-
ronemnre momnuera.
Lo ce omuac oo rueoma e epvna, usc.eoeauemo
omoe.sea, :e 10-eoouuuume +o+u:eua ce cmpe+m r+
caumu+euma.uo npume.cmeo cc ceou epcmuu:ru, ooramo
+o+:emama ua cuama espacm npeono:umam maqume. He
c+e cuevpuu oa.u ouec u +o+u:emama ue ouxa ucra.u noee:e
oa v:acmeam e epvna.
Cne 10-ara cn ronna momuerara n momnuerara ce
oocoxnar no noxn, sa a ce npncennxr xm nxxox
rpyna. Hmenno samoro ca no noxn, rpcxr rpyna. nama,
re neue ne ca cn ocrarunn sa pasnnxa or npen, xoraro ca
nnn no-manxn. Bnnsar n rpynara nama, no nenx
nonanann ram, ce cmecnar c ocranannre. noxara ce
pasnaa. Opasynar ce manxn rpynn nnn nonn noxn.
Kamo +o+u:emama, roeamo noceuaeam mauoeume
saoaeu oee no oee.
Cmoro e. Koraro nm e sa npnn nr, n momnuerara, n
momuerara nocemanar anonere no nama... Taxa cn nxnar
xypax. Karo momuerara, xoraro ornnar sa npnn nr n
nynnuen om. Ornauano re ca nnnarn nama nnn rpnma.
Camnuxn ne nxa nocmenn. Ho-xcno, cne xaro sanpxar
nosnancrno c nxxox 3ox nnn Rnnx.re rprnar camn.
Heoxonm e nxxo anrep-ero"
3
sa rpamnnnn, sa a ce
nannese n omecrnoro. H namara ca enaxno ynnamenn, no
saeno no-necno npeoonxnar neyocrnoro cn npe rpynara
n ce npncennxnar xm nex. 3aeno nsnnrnar enn n cmn
rpenorn, npemnnanar npes enn n cmn nsnnrannx.
o 910-ronmna nspacr npnpyxnrenxr na-uecro e
par nnn cecrpa. Onxnoneno rona e no-ronemnxr par, no
nnxora npnxren nnn npnxrenxa or cmnx non. Ome no-manxo
nepoxrno e a e or npornnononoxnnx non. Hpes
nyeprera nnrepecr xm pyrnx non n xm nonoro
npexnnxnane ce saononxna no-esonesneno, xoraro
nnnnnnre ca no nama.
Tona e naxno a ce noueprae, samoro crana yma sa nemo
cmecrneno. Taxa e orxpa npeme, n xoxro n a e ncropnuecxa
enoxa. Or npemero na Knernnnnre" o namn nn. Tanemnre
cmecrnynar opn n npn nspacrnn, xonro ne ca ycnenn a ce
npenpnar n spenn nnunocrn. Cpemar ce mnoro mnan xenn,
xonro cn pasmenxr nnunn nemn c pyrn xenn. Mna uonex
sanouna a nrpae rennc sapan npnxren, xoro ro ynnnua cne
cee cn. 3amo, cne xaro n morn a ce sannme cam n nxxo
xny no rennc? Hnn a noune xornnr. Hna nxxo n my
xasna: Ena c men a xrame saeno." 3amo e neoxonmo?
Bcexn cn nma cnon yononcrnnx.
Cmoro ce saenxsna n npn nocemenne na xnno. Honeuero
spenn xopa, ocoeno no-nspacrnnre, xoxr na xnno camn,
xaro nsnpar ]nnm no cno nxyc. Mnaexnre oaue nnpexn
mnoroponnre xnnosann n enn n cmn xnapran, nonxxora
ena n cma crpaa, c nsmoxnocr a rnear na-pasnnunn
]nnmn, ca roronn a rnear raxn, xoro ne nm e nnrepecen,
3 Alter ego" (na1.) uonex, 1onxona nnssx nnxouy, ue uoae a ro sauenn. B.
pe.
80
camo n camo a ar n rmnoro c npnxrenx cn. Hpn rona
opn ne crana yma sa momnue, sa a ce narncxar".
B a+epuraucromo oouecmeo npes 60-me eoouuu
+o+:emama u +o+u:emama ce coupaxa noomoe.uo, oes oa
u+am urareu xo+ocercva.uu meuoeuuu.
Hnmo noono. Koraro n nscnenanero ce orenxsna: es
epornxa, rona osnauana xomocexcyanno. Bcnuxn, xonro
orronapxr, ue nsnnrnar nnrepec xm", rona rpxna a ce
rnxyna xaro xomocexcyanen nnrepec xm". Hnrepecynar ce
or momnuera, no ce nnxar camo cpe momuera.
v+ume ua Mapeopum mpac
4
e uumepem npes 1987 e.:
,Bcu:ru +re ca xo+ocercva.ucmu", npeouseuraxa +uoeo
uv+.
Cmo n ncnuxn xenn, ncnuxn uonemxn cmecrna nsomo.
C rona rx ncxa a xaxe, ue cmecrnyna no-cnnno nspasen
eronsm, npn rona ne camo cexcyanen, y mxere, orxonxoro y
xennre. Eronsm n noneennero opn xoraro yononcrnnero e
na npn norne cnoeneno, opn xoraro mxr saononxna
xenara. Hnuno as cmxram, ue noono noneenne e nspas na
nporounno ce mnomecrno. enoxnre meuraxr a nmar ere
or mxa, xororo onuar, no xoraro mxr nanpann ere, ro
ne ce uyncrna anraxnpan. Tona ne e mo nponem, xaxno
omo nmam!" oxaro momnuero ce uyncrna nannno
onpsano, samoro erero e nmenno or rosn mx, a ne or
pyr.
Cnopeo mpac oopu roeamo +rm ce cmpe+u oa
npeouseura opeas+ v reuama, re.auuemo +v e
npoourmveauo om +rrama eopoocm oa oo+uuupa ua ecra
eua, eouo ecuuocm o.ooro eeoucmu:uo :vecmeo. Tpoea
.u oa c+e mo.roea rameeopu:uu?
Mncnx, ue rona e uacr or namara cnpemenna nceoma
nenposa, nponxenne na mnomecrnoro npn momuerara, xon-
4 Mapropnr mpac ronxma ]pencxa nncarenxa, po. 1914 r. Ha-nsnecrnn
nponsneennx: Xnpomnma, mox nmon", Moeparo xanranne", Hmonnnxr"
F. pe.
ro ne ca nonyunnn nsnnranne nnro or maxara, nnro or
amara. Maxara rn onua, amara rn nanrcrna, no ne rn
nsnnrana, n cmncn ue momuero ne nonyuana canrnmenranno
nsnnranne or amara.
Bauume :ecmo u+am :vecmeomo, :e ee:e ue ca e
ccmouue oa eoeopm ua cuuoeeme cu, a roeamo ece nar ce
onumeam, +uc.m, :e cuuoeeme u+ ue eu c.vuam.
He namnpar nyxnnre ymn. Bnpouem ne nxa mornn n a
rn namepxr, samoro rnnexpnre ce nasxr or nameca n
nnunnx nm xnnor. Cnope men mnanre ne ce nyxaxr ronxona
or ymn, xonxoro or ecrnnx. He e neoxonmo amara a
pxn peun, no-naxno e a ecrna n nnno csnyune c
nennocrnre, xonro rnpn, ue samnrana n peannnx xnnor. B
npornnen cnyua ncnuxo ce npenpma n neyenrenno uerene
na mopan n npasna reopnx. Baxen e npnmepr n xnnora. Tona,
xoero mnomara n xenan na-cnnno, e a moxe a ce
npornnonocrann na enn yeen n npanorara cn n
nocneonarenen nspacren. Xyano e a moxem a xaxem:
,He xenax a paorx xaro ree, ne xenax a xnnex xaro ree,
rnonre yononcrnnx ne me nnrepecynar n n nnxaxn cnyua ne
nx ce crpemnn xm nemo noono!" Axo ne a ce
npornnonocrannm, ro none a ce onpem na nemo. Ho sarona e
neoxonmo nspacrnnxr a e noen orronopnocr sa
npornnopeunxra cn.
To ne n rpxnano a ce crpemn a nacxae mnomara:
,Hcxam a npma rona, xoero rn xapecnam. Be rn ronopx
raxa, xaxro rn n ncxan a ro npanx, me nsnpnema rnox
peunnx." opn n a n ncxan, nnxora ne n morn. B
xenannero cn a ar pasnnunn, rnnexpnre nsxrnar a
ronopxr na esnxa na nspacrnnre, ne pasnonarar c
neoxonmnx peunnx, cnyxar cn c onomaronen
5
nnn c xoone.
Ha rarea espacm cnopeo masu omuocume.ua xpouo.oeu
muueorpume cmaeam esnpue+:ueu sa cercva.uama
uuqop+au, cepsaua c +eucmpvauma, no.oeume
esau+oom-
5 Onomaronex cnonoopasynane upes snyxonopaxanne F pe
uoueuu, paroauemo? Cnopeo Iece. mesu suauu ce
vceoeam ua 11-eoouuua espacm.
Ha 11 ronnn namnre ena neue snaxr ncnuxo no nnpoca.
Kaxro neoranna cnoennx na cpema c eneroxnacnnnn
mexy pyroro ncnuxn yuennnn npoxnnxa ronxm nnrepec xm
cpemara, namnpam sa yxacno a ce ronopn na 15-ronmnn
mnomn sa npornnosauarunn cpecrna, es nnxo nnxora
npen rona n xnnora nm a ce e onnran opn n yunnnme a
nm oxcnn cmncna na sauenanero. Fn morno nce nax, nenx
ronmno, no nono npasnnxa na maxara nnn na amara a
nm ce xaxe xaxno osnauana a cn ama, xaxno rouno e
amnncrnoro n maunncrnoro no ornomenne na erero n
cemecrnoro, nsnnpaunoro nnn ocnnonenoro ere, xax
omecrnoro npnema nonopoenoro. -Bcnuxo, xoero nm ce
xaxe no rosn nnpoc, saeno c ymnre, xonro nxa mornn a
namepxr maxnre n amnre, n nomornano na enara a
nouyncrnar mopannoro nsmepenne na sauenanero, xaxro n na
nacronnuecrnoro xaro npxxa nnn nenpxxa mncnx na
nspacrnnre xm mnanre.
Fes oaue a ca nm ann xaxnoro n a e nsnnranne n rosn
cmncn, nsnenx sanounar a nm ronopxr sa
npornnosauarunn cpecrna. Crpyna mn ce, ue rona, c xoero
n rpxnano a ce sanoune, e a nm ce nomorne a pasepar
snauennero na sauenanero, xaro nsnnrannero no rosn nnpoc
ce nonepn na yunnnmero. Heoxonmo e npen ncnuxo a ce
nsrxne noxnxr cmncn na paxanero na ncexn nnnnn,
xaxnnro n a ca ponrennre my, nesanncnmo ann ca
pasenenn nnn ne, opn n n na-nomnx cnyua enn or rxx a
e nensnecren. 3auenar e nn xnnor, rona e na-naxnoro,
ocrananoro e es snauenne. Mncnx, ue axo ne nm ce oxcnn
rona or camoro nauano, a ce ronopn na enara nn sa
npornnosauarunn cpecrna or nsnnrarenna rnena rouxa e
na-manxoro neymecrno.
C+mame .u sa norasame.uo e urare c+uc.
cnaoauemo ua uumepeca r+ cerca v 13-eoouuuume
+o+u:ema? A+epuraucrume auremiopu omrpueam npu 14-
eoouuuume oeeoru .moonumcmeo r+ pearuume ua
+o+:emama u uumepec
r+ sa:eeauemo. 3ac.vraea euu+auue oa ce omoe.eru, :e e
cuomo epe+e uumepecm u+ r+ ca+u cerc omc.aoea.
Tona, ue ce nnrepecynar or connannnre acnexrn na
omynanero c pyrnx non, noxasna, ue re nnn norncxar, nnn
nsrnacxnar cexcyannocrra. Tnnnuno sa amepnxancxnre ena.
Te ce nnrepecynar noneue or nneuarnennero, xoero npanxr,
orxonxoro or ecrnnrennnre cn xauecrna n or rona, xax ce
nsnpnemar re camnre. Crpemexr nm a npnnnexar
nnnmannero n a ce xapecar na nxxoe momue e xncrepnuen
crpemex. Honeenne, xoero ce cnexa o rona a nnxam n
pyrnx camo oexr sa cnasnxnane, e nannno
npornnononoxno na cexcyannocrra. Cxneposnpanoro
nsnnranne, xoero momnuerara nonyuanar, e npnunna a nmar
camo ena mncn n rnanara cn: Komy me ce xapecam?"
Hoono noneenne noxasna nenposa
6
n xonexrnnnnre ernunn
nopmn. Momnuerara a ce nnrepecynar npen ncnuxo or
xencrnenocrra cn, c xoxro me cnasnxr mxa, nmecro a ce
onepxr na nnrynnnxra cn sa uyncrnnrennocrra na pyrnx.
6 Henposa n ncnxoanannrnunnx moen sa nenposnre ena or ocnonnnre nm
xapaxrepncrnxn e nrpemnnxr xon]nnxr". Tona e xon]nnxrr mexy naronnre n
crpaxonere. Hanpnmep xon]nnxr mexy cexcyannnre uyncrna xm maxara n
crpax or naxasanne nn npsxa c rxx or amara. B cnyuax no nenposn ce pasnpar
nrpemnnre npornnopeunx na nnunocrra nnn npornnopeunx n aenara
cnryannx. F. -p . Hepoxam.
IHABA OCMA
PHTVAHH HA HPEXOA
H RHOBECKH HHAHOBE
Ena cnpemenna npnrua
Koraro xx nauenama ncnxoanannrnuxa, nenara cne
Bropara cneronna nona, ce cncxax cc cnyuax na enn
yuennx or rnmnasnx, xomyro xxa npenopuann
ncnxorepannx. Bnpexn ue ne ce yuen nomo,
npenoanarennre my ce onnaxnann, ue nnraen uecro ns
onannre.
Hocemanax n onpeenenn nn nnnex Kno Fepnap",
xero eme pasxpnra ncnxonearornuecxa xoncynrannx sa
yuennnn, xonro cne opn pesynrarn n nauannoro yunnnme n
VI VII xnac sanounann a nonyuanar cnan enexxn. Bcnuxn
xxa c Q.I.
1
135.
Ha nr sa merporo cpemnax ccexa, mnnauxa na ]nno
amcxo ento. Tx me nonnra:
oxrope, c xaxno ce sannmanare n momenra?
C ena, xonro cpemar rpynocrn n yunnnme, maxap ue
nnaue ca nnrennrenrnn n nxxon opn naapenn. Hxxaxn mox
nnn npexnnxnane rn saropmosxna n nm npeun a ce
ccpeorouanar.
Axo snaexre xonxo rpnxn mn csana cnnr mn
Kpncrnan! Kaxno a npanx! To ocrana es ama, ynxa ro
nn nonara... 3ananen e no annomoennsm, no...
Hnrepecno.
1 Q.I. xoe]nnnenr na nnrennrenrnocr. F pe.
a, no yunrennre xasnar, ue me ro orcrpanxr or nnnex...
Ho mo cner rx nsnparn cnna cn n xoncynrannxra n as ce
saex a ro nexynam. Taxa naroapenne na nponxnrenna
noxpenxma ncnxorepannx, xoxro cnope npnnnnnnre na
ncnxoanannsara ce ccron n nscnenane na nnnnnyannara
ncropnx, ro nsnese or ena na npn norne esnsxona
xpnsa, nacrnnna n npexoa xm mnomecrnoro.
Ho npeme na pasronopnre nn ce oxasa, ue xoraro ce peen n
onannre, ro ce npman n mncnnre cn xaro noaop" n
nponara na maxa cn. omamnnre norornxn n cmara crax,
xero maxa my npnemana xnnenrxnre cn. Mnmonernnre
nornen, xonro xnpnxn xm entoro na amnre, noxpannann
nopaxennero my n my npeuenn a yun. Cne yunnnme ce
nacranxnan n manxoro arenne, xero amnre nsnponann
xonann n cyrnenn.
Fxran or cexcyannocrra cn nn nopaxennero.
Kasax my, ue e nannno nopmanno a ]anrasnpa sa xenn.
Ho sa a ne ce nsxymana npexaneno n a ce nsyxa, rpxna
a nomonn maxa cn, cne xaro e neue ocraruno ronxm, cne
yunnnme a ce npnnpa nanpano nxmn. Taxa ro npecrana a
nnme omamnnre n nponara. Crana no-nnnmarenen n uac.
Hamnre cemnunn pasronopn nponxanaxa. Ho npeme na
ncxxa cecnx
2
ro mn ronopeme nenpexcnaro sa camonera,
xoro crpoeme n masero, nonomornar or npnxren. Cnpann
ce neuep a paorxr n ocnen rona n cora n n neenx.
Hancrnna nnmo pyro ne ro nnrepecyname, o raxana crenen,
ue e sapannn ena noponocr": enncrnennxr nsxo or
masero e recen orymnnx. Ioronnxr camoner e opeuen a
ocrane na mxcroro cn. Torana as ome ne snaex sa rona.
Cnexx xax nanpena monrnpanero, ro mn noxasname
npoexrnre n ueprexnre. Haxpax ro nonnrax:
Hocrannxre nn neue xpnnara na xopnyca? Kax me ro ns
xapare?
To samnua.
2 Cecnn ncnxorepanenrnuen ceanc Ho npeme na ncnxoanannsa
nponxnrennocrra na ena cecnx e oxono 5060 mnnyrn F -p Hepoxam
Hancrnna ne cme mncnnnn sa enx, xoraro me nsnern
Tona ne ro pascrpon. To e npeoonxn nponemnre na
npexoa xm mnomecrnoro n pasxnara c ercrnoro.
Cnoenpanen n yen, ro xnneeme na ne pannnma enoro
na ]anrasnxra, xoxro ro nacpuaname n paorara my npxy
camonera, nnpexn nensmoxnocrra a ro nnn enn en a
nern
B ecrnnrennocr ro ce e saannxnan ope nenn 2
ronnn n nxmame sa xaxno a cxanxna. Fnaroapenne na
sannmannero cn e xnnxn c meurnre cn.
Karo n npnrua: xpacnna nrnna, xoxro nnxora nxma a
nsnern, no xoxro e nerxna nn nopaxennero my, xapana ro e
a meurae n e cynnmnpana (nx. . crp. 68) eno
xomocexcyanno npnxrencrno. namara csanar uyecen
]anoc, roron a nsnern n neecara... cynnmnpan axr na
xpacnna nrnna Ho-xcno moxe n a orxpnxr npo]ecnx, xoxro
nancrnna a nm ae xpnna.
Kaxn uyecen npnmep sa nnoornopen samecrnren n
omecrno, xoero ce e orxasano or pnryannre na npexoa xm
mnomecrnoro. Beue ne ce npennxa nocnemanane npes
nyeprera, nnro nsnnranne n rosn cmncn.
Ho npeme na ncnxorepanenrnunnx nponec e nsernaro
nycmncnnero na npenoca
3
. Ocmecrnn ce npenoc na onepne,
no ne n na nmon xm ncnxorepanenra.
Cne 10 ronnn, nayunn apeca mn, ro noxena a me nnn
ornono. Fe cranan neren-nsnnraren. Hcxame a ce oxenn
Momnuero, xoero onuame, nacroxname a ce orxaxe or
npo]ecnxra, npen a cxnmuar pax. To oaue nxmame
nnxaxno xenanne a ce orxasna or nsxnmunrenno onacnara cn
paora, nncoxo nnarena nnmc npemnn.
Kasax na roennnara cn: Ho sa cnpyrara rona e mnoro
ope. Axo sarnna, nonnnara mn me nonyun orpomno oes
merenne." He pasnpam or xaxno ce crpaxyna.
3 Hpenoc cnope ncnxoanannsara nannenr no npeme na neuennero cn npexnpnx
(npenacx) pannoercxnre cn uyncrna xm ponrennre nnn pyrn xnsneno naxnn sa
nero ]nrypn xm repanenra Tona npenacxne moxe a ce nanmana n xm py-rn
anropnrernn ]nrypn n xnnor na uonexa, xaro yunren, nsnnraren, nacrannnx
(xaxro e n cnyuax) n p F -p . Hepoxam
To ne pasnpame, ue roennnara my ne pascxana no
cmnx naunn.
Tx nn onua n rpyno n nonecna a nn saryn.
Ho axo me onua, n rpxnano a onua n npo]ecnxra
mn, xoxro e opa, mom e n nnrepecnre n na cnpyrara, n na
nonnnara.
Hocern me 56 nrn, sa a mn ronopn sa xennrara cn,
xaro ce nnrame ann a nanycne paorara cn. Honyunx noxana
sa cnara. B nocnenoro nncmo nnmeme: Beue cm rnpe
nspacren sa neren-nsnnraren, yuacrnam n nxxon cnennannn
nonern n oyuanam napamyrncrn."
He xx ro nnxana or yuennx, xoraro nname a pasronapxme
sa onasn neecna nrnna n masero na maxa my. Cne xaro e
cranan mx n cn e namepnn ncrnncxn xpnna, sa a nern, ro
oe ornono, sa a me nonnra ncmnocr xax a naxapa ena
xena a ce omxn sa nero, xoraro cmecrnyna pncx a sarnne
mna. Tpxna a e nn mnoro npenasnnn, cne xaro onenx.
Ho npeme na namnre pasronopn xaro yuennx nnro sa mnr
ne cn xx nomncnnna, ue masero na Kpncrnan moxeme a ne
e rapax c nnsrama ce nnn pyra npara. Axo my xx xasana
no-pano, nsnpenapnaxn cnrnxra: Kax me nsnern
camonerr?", mxx a ro naxapam a ce orxaxe. Bxx a
nponanx ncnuxo. Mnoro uecro ponrenn na mnomn
nocrnnar nmenno raxa.
Tyx crnrame o nemo mnoro cmecrneno: ne e nyxno
nspacrnnxr a nnxa npexaneno xcno xaxno crana n cpnero
na erero, nnro nx a rpcn na ncxxa nena pannonannoro n
neronnre nnanone.
Hosnanax enn yunren, unro xnac ce rorneme a npexapa
enn en na A]enonara xyna. Bcnuxn yuacrnaxa n
nororonxara o na-manxnre noponocrn: xaprara na
merporo, pasnncannxra n nennre na nnaxonnre nnern.
Vunrenxr snaeme, ue nrynanero nxma a ce ocmecrnn
nopan nnnca na cpecrna. Henn 3 mecena enara ce yuexa a
uerar, a nnmar n a cmxrar, npoyunaxa pomypnre na
xenesnnnnre, xaprnre na Hapnx, onpeenxxa mapmpyra n
nporpamara cn no uacone.
Konxo saanno eme rona nsmncneno nremecrnne!
Vuennnnre xxa nn ]asara na narenrnocrra: 811-
ronmnn.
Vunrenxr ne nm eme xasan npenapnrenno: Hxma a
moxem a ro ocmecrnnm. He cme cpann neoxonmara
cyma." Tosn, xoro snaeme, ue npoexrr ne moxe a e
peannsnpan, ne ro eme xasan. Ero ro nsnnrannero!
Bn ]asara na narenrnocrra nspacrra na noernunoro,
marnunoro rnopuecrno, nspacrra na manxoro momue or
,Kpacnnara noproxanona rpanna", xoero meurae, e ormnnana.
enara ce crpemxr xm xonxpernn nema. Ho-xcno nnmnre
yuennnn me cpemnar yunrenx cn.
Cnomnxre nn cn excxypsnxra nn o A]enonara xyna?
uyecno eme!
Excxypsnx...? Ho rx ne ce ccrox.
Kax ne ce ccrox?
Te xxa sapannnn, ue nremecrnne ne e nmano.
Konxo xypnanncrn cunnxnar necrnnnn, xonro moxe n
nnxora a ne ce noxnxr. Hsoperarenn csanar maxern na
nonn mamnnn, xonro nnxora nxma a nnxr xn cnxr.
uonex npocro nma nyxa or npoexrn. Hannxra ocrapxna,
xoraro ne npecnena nennxn nenn. Vronnxra e ema
ecrnnrennocr. Honnrnnnre oemanar, re nxmar
nxnonenn nporpamn. 3a ronemnre pe]opmn e neoxonm
nonaropcxn yx. Tpxna a onnrname, axe n c pncx a ce
nponannm. Tona na-manxoro me nn nosnonn a narpyname
onnr, a npoxapame nona nex n a npomennm naunna na
mncnene.
Bspacrnnre nornxnar y mnomnre xenannero nm sa
noner, xaro nm xasnar: Hensmoxno e."
,Cmpr-nocnemenne" n xrcrno
Ha-opeeuume pumva.u ua noceeuaeam om Aecmpa.u
oo Prua Aqpura, om Oeueua se+ oo Oreauu, ma :ar oo
Taumu u+am oou sua+euame. opa+amvpeuma ua
,c+pmma-noceeueuue" B cmaou ua npexooa +.aoume u
ueusrvceuume ca npuseauu oa raram cooeo+ " ua
oemcmeomo
Cu+eo.u:uomo pasoe.ue c +arama e npeocmaeeuo no
opa+amusupau ua:uu Hsnumauuemo :pes oeu npu
aoopueeuume e eepomuo ua-apxau:uama epe+ouu ua
noceeuaeaue e spe.ocmma, romo uroea e cuecmevea.a
Heusrvceuum, roeomo cu+eo.u:uo voueam, e usnpaeeu .ue
e .ue c +umu:ua cu.a, uocume. ua mauama epsra +erov
se+ma u ueoemo
Oopseauemo e arm, ocuecmeeu om Be.uru ovx,
npeocmaeeu om rpeu c mexuume pumva.uu uucmpv+eumu
Kpema e cuecmeeuum e.e+eum ua mosu ceeueu arm
Hepe+ouuume ce cnpoeoroam om :oeeuro nooparauue
ua pee pe.ueuoseu cu+eo. om epe+emo ua npeume xopa c
ueceu npousxoo, cepsau c ep+oeeprea 3eec
Hpu cepepume
4
u vo.oqume
5
e 3anaoua Aqpura
oopseauemo ce usepuea cpaeuume.uo rcuo, +erov 1520-
eoouu-ua espacm
Emuo.oem Apuo.o eau euen oocuea pas.urume ee
espacmma ua oopseaue, ramo usmrea, :e mo mpoea oa ce
pase.eroa ramo coua.eu arm, a ue ramo pumva., cepsau c
nvoepmema (e co+amu:eu c+uc.), rarmo oouruoeeuo
noepeuuo ce c+ma
Pas.u:uume oouecmea ca npaeu.u euuaeu pas.ura +erov
ncuxo.oeu:ecru u coua.eu nvoepmem
Mo+:emama esnpue+am cvouucusuma
6
ramo eman ua
pumva.uomo npeepuaue ua ueoquma
1
e reua
Pnryannre na nocnemenne nepoxrno cnomarann a ce
cynnmnpa (nx. . crp. 68) cnmnonnara xacrpannx. Cmxram, ue
or
4 Cepepn uepnoxox napo, nacenxnam Ceneran, paona Cnn-Canym semeen-
nn, noemn sacenan xnnor F np
5 Vono]n uepnoxox mmcmnmancxn napo onranam Ceneposanaen Ceneran
3annmana ce c xnnornoncrno n semeenne F np
6 Cynncnsnx pnryan na pxsane na encrnenara nnna npn momnuerara F np
7 Heo]nr nononocneren, nononoxpcren F np
annnre na ernonornxra rona e ocnonnoro, xoero sacnyxana
a sanomnnm.
Konexrnnnnre nsnnrannx nomarann na mnanre a ce
ocnooxr or uyncrnoro sa rpancrpecnnna nnna. Hsnpanenn
camn na npara na npexoa, es a pasunrar na xaxnaro n a e
noxpena, re ro npexnnxnar xaro npecrnnane na nxxaxnn
nopmn Camnxr npexo e rpxnano a ce nsnpmn no
nsecrnnero na sannaxa, upes ecrnnrenen cncx c
onpeeneno npenxrcrnne Taxa npecrnnanero ce npenpma
nn nsnrane n crpaxr a nsnacnnnm nnn a em
nsnacnnen (nnn xacrpnpan) e npeoonxn.
3a pas.ura om noceeuaeauuma e n.e+euuume oouecmea
uuoueuova.uomo vmeproaeaue ue +ore oa ce pase.eroa
ramo noceeueuue e coua.uu rueom, e rueoma ua
epvnama.
H.auoeeme sa ooeuemo ne morar a samenxr pnryana na
npexoa, no moxe n nomarar a ce mnne n es nero
Pnryanr na npexoa nn sa omecrnoro, nsnpaneno npe
neoxonmocrra a sanasn na ncxxa nena unenonere cn,
cpecrno a sapxn ncnuxn mnan n xnana, xaro rn xapa a
npeoonxnar npenxrcrnnx nrpe n nnemero: rona ca r. nap
nsnnrannx na nocnemananero. Te ca yxacnn. ocroen cn, axo
oneneem. Omecrnoro ana moena.
nec, xoraro neue ne cmecrnyna cemeen nnn connanen
moen, xoraro cnnr nce no-pxxo nsnpa nrx na ama cn,
pnryanr na npexoa nxma neue cnoero onpananne. 3a cmerxa
na rona moxe n nnanr sa emero, xoro orronapx na
rpcenero na npensnnxarencrnoro, maxap n c nsnecrna
npenasnnnocr, moxe a nomorne sa corynanero c
ercrnoro, sa a ce ocrnrne no-nncoxo pannnme na
camoonaanne n xonexrnnnnx xnnor
Hpnnxr eran e a moxem a npnneuennam nxxo nen. 3a
mnanre nec rona e cepnosen npennnxamx. a npnrexanam
xnnnme, a cn namepnm npnxrenxa, a csaem ere. Beuen
crpemex es npsxa c onpeenena enoxa.
Be qu.+a P.cra cpeua" +a.ra epvna npume.u
+e:mam oa sa+uuam sa Aqpura npu nue+eume. Leqm ua
ercneouuma mpcu om epama ua epama ueooxoou+ume
cpeocmea. Hpueomoe.euuma uanpeoeam oaeuo Ha
npoo.rume.uu coupru npoo.e+ume ce oocroam c
ocmaua.ume :.euoee ua eruna. Koeamo uoea ua-cemue
oeum, e romo mo u+ coouaea nooeoouocuo: Iomoeu
c+e! Tpeea+e!", urou use.eroam no:mu paso:apoeauu
Crpo no omuemama +e:ma
Xapaxrepno sa mnomara e a cn nocranx aneunn nenn,
unero ocmecrnxnane nnxa nn npeme n npocrpancrno,
xonro ne cnnaar c resn, n xonro e xnnxn ocera.
Fxrcrno, no xrcrno, n xoero nxma nnmo npecrnno, ocnen
axo ponrennre ne ro cnpxar c npecrnnanero na nxxaxnn
sapann, nno na rxxnara rpenoxnocr.
Tona e ncrnncxoro ornnrane. Fxrcrnoro e nsmxnane c
orpnnarenen snax, npnsnax, ue erero e crnrnano o ]asa na
mnomecrnoro n ne nnxa nsxo sa cnonre nmnyncn a ce
ornopn sa cnera. To xra nnn xaro ce sarnapx n cee cn, nnn
xaro noxrna or cemenoro rneso.
oporo paspemenne e a xnnee c nxxaxna meura, xoxro ce
ocmecrnxna en cne en.
Hao.moaea.u .u cme eauume cuuoee no epe+e ua
muouecmeomo u no+aea.u .u cme u+ oa npe+uuam no-.ecuo
npes npexooa"?
Xenannero nm sa xrcrno nnxora ne e saymanano,
samoro cnnonere mn nmaxa cnooara a npanxr nnanone sa
emero. Ho npeme na mnomecrnoro nm ne saenxsax y rxx
nnxaxnn rpynocrn, cnpsann c npexoa xm spenocrra. Ha
16 ronnn re neue npanexa aneunn camocroxrennn
nrynannx Fxxa norornenn sa rona, xoero rn ouaxname. As
ynaxanan cnooara nm. Mnoro or pano re npexapnaxa
naxannnxra cn n uyxnna, ncxxo nxro n pasnnuno cemecrno.
Ha-ronemnxr, Xan, mn nnmeme nncma. Hmame crnn na
penoprep. Ipnma rene]onnpame. Bnnarn e naxonnuen.
Orronapxme na nnpocn-
re mn c a" n ne". He pasnpax ann eme ononen or
cmxnara nnn norncnar.
Hmam nn a mn xaxem ome nemo?
He!
Tpn nn no-xcno mn nsnpama xaprnuxa. Konxo xyano
cn noronopnxme no rene]ona!" Feme ocranan c nneuarnenne,
ue cme cn ronopnnn sa nnrepecnn nema.
Koraro npsxara c erero e cxpanena, nnpocnre n
orronopnre ne ca or snauenne. He nna a nnrame erero:
,Kaxno npannm?" Ho-ope n nno a nocrannm nnpoca cn
raxa: Hmam nn npnxren, xoro xon c momnuera?" Tpxna
a ce nopasnpa: Kaxnoro n a cnoennm, nxma a ro xaxa
na nnxoro. To me ocrane mexy nac." Heoxonmo e npen
ncnuxo onepne. To e na-naxnoro.
Honeennero na nspacrnnre ycnoxnxna mnoro
nponemnre na mnomnre.
Tpxna a nn xaxa, ue mnomecrnoro e no-cxopo noem sa
enara mn. Or 16-ronmna nspacr re sanounaxa a nrynar
camn naaneue: n Rrocnannx, n Typnnx. Cnnr mn Ipnma e
n Hepy. Ha 17 ronnn n Rxna A]pnxa, cnenamara ronna
n Kya. Rnomecrnoro ce norornx upes oraneuanane na
ponrennre, xoraro erero e nn ]asara na narenrnocrra.
Tona ne osnauana a ce orxaxem or ncxxaxn xonrpon.
Hanpnmep xm 1213-ronmna nspacr enara morar a
sannanynar nxxaxno nremecrnne n a ro npenoxar na
ponrennre cn, xaro camn cnecrxr napn sa nero. Hpn
samnnananero rpxna a ce yronopn nxxaxn naunn na
xonraxr. Taxa re ce nnycxar n nnrepecno npnxnmuenne, xaro
sanasnar npsxara cc cemecrnoro (rene]onnn oaxannx n
onpeenenn momenrn). Ponrennre nxmar nnmo npornn rona
oraneuanane, crnra a nonyuanar nonnnn. Ena or rannre
na macrnnnoro mnomecrno.
Hsnnsannxra na cnnonere mn orernaxa ornomennxra c
ama nm, xoro ncxame a rn xonrponnpa na ncxxa nena.
,Tn nsnese n en-xonxo cn uaca. Kaxno npann?"
Enn nnn na nrn ce crnrna o pamarnuna cnryannx.
Cnpyrr mn e an paspemenne ,o 24 uaca", no cnnr mn
Xan ce npnpa no-xcno or yronopennx uac. Tona ro naxapa
a nanycne xmara. Bropnxr mn cnn ocrana, no orxasa a
ronopn noneue no rosn nnpoc c ama cn. To e namepnn
onopa pyrae: nspan cn e pyrn neann, pyrn npnmepn.
Mnaexnre, xonro npes 1988 r. npenoueroxa a ocranar
no xmnre cn, nmaxa sa nean cemecrnoro, nepnocrra,
nmonra, spanero. Hoxnnnn ce xxa nocr-mnomnre.
Buuuum euo ua +.aoume ue e ca+o +ooa. More ou
mpoea oa esnpue+a+e ua:uua, no romo ce oo.u:am, ramo
cmpe+er sa epvnoea npuuao.eruocm u.u ramo
ca+osauuma.
Moxe n enoro upes pyroro. Tona, ue ncnuxn ncxar a ce
onnuar no enn n cmn naunn mexy 6- n 11-ronmna
nspacr, xaxro n no npeme na mnomecrnoro, e napaoxcanen
nspas na rxxnoro pasnnune. Touno sa a ne ar enaxnn
nrpemno, re nsnpar ynn]opmara". Ha npn norne
nsrnexa, ue ce nnrepecynar camo or ]nsnxara cn n or
npenenxara na npnxrennre, oxaro ncmnocr ca nsnxno
sanncnmn or mama n rarxo.
B nepnoa na mnomecrnoro ornono nnxame cmoro
,macxnpane": onnuar ce ynn]opmnre na enn nnn pyr
,xnan", nsnpa ce onpeenen nmnx: nnx, poxep, aa xyn,
nm yen... Mnanre xpnxr noxo n cee cn rona, xoero rn
pasnnuana. Cnnr mn Xan nnxax ne ce nnrepecyname xaxno
onnua ocnen or rona, xoero cnarame na xpaxara cn. pxeme
a nocn ocrpn oynxn, xaxnnro xxa na moa. Cnope men
nsnpame esnxycnn nema. He nonpame xauecrnoro na
nomerxnre n re mnoro pso ce nsnocnaxa. emoncrpnpame
npexnacnanero cn no ocrpnre oynxn. Fxx nsnenaana.
Momuerara npemnnanar npes enn xomocexcyanen nepno,
xoraro rpxna mnoro a nnnmaname xaxno cnarar.
Hao.moeuuma eu ca npomueope:ueu. 3ua:euuemo ua
ooverume sa eouo m. uap. ooco noro.euue"... M.aoume
oou:am oa xoom oocu no ecro epe+e ua eoouuama.
nemnnre momuera npnanar no-ronxmo snauenne na
oynxnre n cpannenne c momnuerara. Te ca nyn no arpecopxn
n xynnxn. enara mn pasnonaraxa cc cno mxer sa
onexno. Camn xoexa no marasnnnre a cn nsnpar pexn.
Benx Xan me nomonn a ro npnpyxa, sa a ne ce
onnrnana a my nnnxe npoanauxara". Tn nxma a mn ce
nanoxnm n nsopa. Tx me ncxa a me naxapa a xynx nema,
xonro ne xenax." To xasname nnnarn a" na rona, xoero my
npenaraxa.
Tn xasnam nnnarn a".
Kasnam a", samoro uaxam rn a pemnm.
Ipnma ne ce nnrepecyname or ccroxnnero na pexnre,
xonro nocn. Moxeme cera a cn e xynnn nynonep n a ce
npne nxmn cc cxcan pxan, es a snae xe ro e
saxaunn.
Cpan cn cn pxana...
Mnoro naxno! Hann mn ronnn.
Rnomecrnoro moxe a e mnoro narornopen nepno,
axo ce ae nsmoxnocr na mnanre orpano a noemar
orronopnocr n nnxora a ne nm ce ocnopna rona npano. a ne
ce ocnopna, ne osnauana a ce oopxna xaxnoro n a e Koraro
cmecrnyna nsanmno onepne, nnnoro orxnpnxne e npano
na ncexn. He crana yma, pasnpa ce, sa nnno orxnpnxne na
nnunocrra, a sa orxas a ce xnnee no naunn, xoro pyr e
nspan. Hnnoro pasmnnanane ne nna a crana npnunna a ce
saxnonnar nparnre.
Tpvouocmume, roumo cpeuam 18- u oopu 20-eoouuuume
+.aoeru e re.auuemo cu oa ce us+ruam om ce+euomo
none:ume.cmeo u s.ovnompeoama c e.acmma ua
espacmuume uacmouuu, ca e ocuoeama ua noeu.u ce
eapeapcru mep+uu pooume.omo+u ", ramo :e .u cmaea
ov+a sa a+nvmau ua opeau.
Ponrenoromnx! Taxn xnpyprnuecxn opas e rpyen sa
npernmane, no xonxo ope nspasxna ro neoxonmocrra a
ce pexe na xnno, sa a ce ocnoon na-cerne mnanxr uonex
or cemennre npsxn, cne xaro nxma pyr naunn a cxca cc
cnoero nponxnrenno mnomecrno.
Kareo ocooeuo cme sano+uu.u om eauemo coocmeeuo
muouecmeo?
Tpnennero. 3naex, ue rpxna a nsuaxam. Hxmax nnxaxna
nsmoxnocr a nsnnsam, r xaro nome ne pasnonarax cc
cpecrna, nxmax napn opn sa anroycen nner, xx nnmena
or cnooa na ecrnne. He mn ocraname nnmo pyro ocnen
rpnennero c enncrnenara naexa, ue me mora a ce cnpanx
nenara mom crana nnnonerna.
Axo mnomara npecnena nxxaxna, maxap n aneuna nen,
ro e cnacen. ecrnnxra my ca nsnxno nounnenn na
crpemexa. Tona noxpanna meurnre my n npann nonocnmo
ouaxnanero n uncrnnnmero na mnaocrra, xoraro e
esnomomen n ]nnancono sanncnm. Maxa mn mn nomorna a
pasepa xaxno ncxam, xaro nenpexcnaro mn ce
npornnonocranxme.
uACT BTOPA
Bpeme na nsnnrannxra
,Aro oouecmeomo uacp:aeaue muouume
e mexuume npoeu, moea ou eu noorpenu.o
e mpvouomo u+ paseumue. "
4paucoas o.mo
IHABA EBETA
CMVTHTEHH B HCHXHATPHTA H
HCHXOAHAHH3A FE3 VMH
Heouampu om cneua.usupauume sa muouu +eouuucru
roucv.mauu saoe.seam npomueope:uemo +erov
euuuomo oespas.u:ue u npurpumama raroa sa
pasoupaue.
Koeamo euuero.oem eeuo E.ua, proeooume. ua
Acouauma 5 +u.uoua muouu", usv:aea noeeoeuuemo
ua muouu c ua-pas.u:eu couorv.mvpeu npousxoo, mo
cmuea oo useooa, :e ou +oe.o oa ce eoeopu sa oouu npoo.e+u
ua +.aoume eooue.
Heouampume cnooe.m cuomo +ueuue: muouume,
roumo mpcm roucv.mau (noee:e +o+:ema, omro.romo
+o+u:ema noo 15 eoouuu), ca eooeuu om co+amu:uu
npoo.e+u pcm, arue, cro.uosa, acmeuu
2
. Haee.u e.aea,
me +.:am, a noc.e ce on.aream, :e .erapume ue ca
npoeu.u oocmam:eu uumepec r+ mx oceeu r+
rourpemuomo u+ on.areaue.
Te cn rprnar pasouaponann. Henarpnre ce oxasnar
nenorornenn a nouyncrnar, ue nma cxpnr nponem.
Mnanre nmar nyxa or nomom, no ne ro noxasnar.
Bcmnocr ne ce ocmecrnxna xonraxr.
A+epurauume ca csoa.u cneua.usupauu c.vrou sa
muueorpu no aua.oeu ua oemcrume u.u eepoumo.oeu:-
1 Cxonnosa nsxpnnxnane na rpnaunnx crn F np
2 Acrennx oma cnaocr na oprannsma; onesnenocr, escnnne, cnaocr,
enpecnx, crpaanne, oranano na nenponcnxnunn cmymennx F np
uume roucv.mauu. Hpoqecop euau om qarv.mema e
Haucu ooa:e ue c+ma, :e mare +ooe. mpoea uenpe+euuo
oa ooe esnpuem, sa oa ue ce noemopu rapmuuama om CAL
c npeonuceaue ua npera.euo +uoeo xunuomuu,
npucnueame.uu, vcnoroume.uu, c e. oa ce npees+oeue
mpeeoeama.
Hann raxa ce nocrnna c ena c nom cn; anar nm ce
cnponn, xoraro e ocraruno a ce noronopn c rxx, sa a ce
pasepe xaxno ne e nape. Axo mnomnre nmar ronxona nomo
mnenne sa nexapnre, ro e, samoro nenarpr uecro nrn e
nencxperen n ce nsnpnema xaro penpecnnen arenr. Honxxora
ro nsomo ne pasnpa sa xaxno crana yma, ne ycema, ue
mnanre, xonro nnar a ce xoncynrnpar c nero, ne rpcxr
ycnoxonrennn, a nemo pyro, xoero ocrana nensxasano. Kaxro
n no ornomenne na eerara, nspacrnnre ne ce ocemar sa
ponxra na ymnre n npn mnomnre: Momnuerara nn re
nsocranxr nnn rn rxx?" Xyan nnpoc. Hnn: Hmam nn
npnxrenn, xonro neue ca nnn c momnuera, nnn npenounrar
a cre camo momuera?" He nnrare nnxora npexrno xaxno
npann camnxr ro. Rnomecxara xomocexcyannocr e nemo
nopmanno. Tnnexpnre mnoro ce crpaxynar a ne ce
saronopn sa nenra", onno nposnnme ome or ercxara
rpanna. Hmam nn npnxrenn, xonro ome npenounrar a
pyxar camo c momuera, nnn npnemar sa npnxrenn n
momnuera? Hxxo nma nn cn momnue, xoero onua?" Taxa re
neycerno saronapxr na-nanpe sa pyrnre. Eno saonxonno
cpecrno, xoero nomara a ce csae xonraxr n a ce nonyun
orronop. Pasronopr sa npnxrennre nacouna xm pasronop
sa cee cn.
Enn npnmep na momue, xoero nsnnsa c momnue.
enoxara, es a nma xomocexcyannn nneuennx, mncnn, ue
camo momnuerara x npnnnnuar. Or pyra crpana, noxara
uyncrna nxxaxno emonnonanno csaxnxrnnuecrno. Koraro ce
pasmnnanar c ne momnuera na ynnnara, rx my xasna: Tn
rprnn cne rasn ornxno, a as cne pyrara." Bcmnocr
noona pennnxa nspasxna xenannero na momnuero a ce
nenrn]nnnpa c momuero, sa a ce sanasn nnsocrra nm.
Momuero cnonranno pasxasna cnyuxara na ponrennre cn,
no axo ce sacerne npexrno
nnpocr sa neronara cocrnena cexcyannocr, ro ce sarnapx n
cee cn.
Koraro ce nouyncrna nacpuen a nanmana n onenxna
pyrn cnon npcrnnnn, mnomara nanpa cmenocr a saronopn
xocneno n sa cee cn. Ho sa rasn nen momuero nnn momnuero
rpxna a e cnrypno, ue nenarpr nxma a xaxe nnmo na
ponrennre.
Koncynrannxra c nexap no nrpemnn onecrn sacxra nema,
,cnpsann c rxnoro", sa xonro ponrennre ca n reuenne.
Ipnxa na ponrennre e a xaxar na mnanre: Beue cn ronxm
n rpxna cam a moxem a ronopnm c nexap." Ho-ope e
ro a e mx. Koraro enara ca manxn, maxara
npenounra oxropr a e xena. Hocne no nnepnnx
mnomnre nponxanar a xoxr npn cmnx nexap. Tona e
ope sa momnuerara, no e mnoro nomo sa momuerara.
Mnanre ca mnoro noospnrennn xm nspacrnn, xonro rn
,nacnnnar". Opasr na nexapx e n nsnecren cmncn
penpecnnen sa rxx. To xaro ue nn nnnmana crpaxa or
nonnnax nnn crpamnnnmero or ercxnre ronnn. Ome xaro
cncem manxn enara ca uynann: Hexapxr me rn ne
nnxexnnx!" nnn: Axo ne cnnm, me noncxame or unuo oxrop
a rn npennme cnpon" (nopasnpa ce, a re npncnn).
oxropr e rocnonnr nnn rocnoxara, xonro npnrexanar
nnacrra a rn cnoxar ycmnpnrenna pnsa".
Pasronopn oxono crpemex xm camoyncrno ce nsxrnar
or nexapnre. Or onnr snaxr, ue axo nocranxr npexrno
nnpoca, nxma a nonyuar orronop. Pncxr sa mnomara a
crnrne o camoyncrno e ronxona no-ronxm, xonxoro noneue
nexapcrna e nonyuanan. Bmecro a onnrar cc cnono,
nexapnre nonxxora ca cxnonnn a ce opxr c ]nsnuecxn"
cpecrna c ]anrasmnre, xaro ue nn re ca peannn ecrnnx.
erero ce uyncrna ocoeno sacrpameno
]apmaxorepannxra sacnnna rpenoxnocrra my. 3amo ne my ce
xaxe: Tn cn n na-rpynara nspacr. Axo ne cn mncneme sa
camoyncrno, nxmame a cn mnoma." Hancrnna e raxa:
nnxo ne moxe a nserne mncnra sa cmprra n rosn
npenomen momenr na
npexo. Koraro ce xasna corom na ercrnoro, nn
nopaxennero camoyncrnoro e necsnanana mera]opa na
cmprra. B raxn momenr mnomara nma nyxa or nxxoro a
my nomorne a orpearnpa ]anrasmnre cn, xaro rn npenpne n
opasn or peannnx xnnor. Axo ne n morn a npnsnaem
mncnnre, xonro re rpenoxar, ne n morn a npemnnem
ycnemno rosn cran." Hopmanno e a ce mncnn sa cmprra
na rxnoro. Tona e naunn a ce npemnne n pyra ]asa, xero e
oexrr na xenannero ne camo xaro rxno, a n xaro yx n
cpne, no rona mnomara me pasepe no-xcno. To nma nyxa
a noronopn c nxxo nspacren, xoro ne ce on a sacerne
remara sa cmprra.
a ce nomara na mnanx uonex upes nexapcrna a nserne
noonn mncnn, ycnoxnxna ome noneue nponema. Tosn,
xoro rn npenncna, ce crpaxyna a ne ce npenpne n
cyuacrnnx na enenryanno camoyncrno. Cmprra n nxnoro
cn nsmepenne nornxna xm xnnor. Tpxnar xnmnnnn n
eseporo, sa a ca xnsnenn mapannre. A n xaro cn nomncnnm
xonxo xopa xpann norpeannara nnycrpnx. Mnoro e naxno
a ne ce nsxrna a ce ronopn sa cmprra.
a ce noxpenxr mnomnre, osnauana a nm ce nomorne a
ce pasenxr c mnomecrnoro, maxap n c nsnecrna onacnocr or
nom nsxo. Tesn, xonro ca nmann nom crapr, morar a ar
cnacenn c nomomra na ncnxoanannsara.
Ha-ooope v+em oa oouveam c muouama mesu, roumo
ouxa +oe.u oa +v ooam oaoa u.u ooo Hua, roumo ca no-
espacmuu om v:ume.ume u pooume.ume u roumo ca no-
ecmecmeeuu e omuoueuuma cu c ueeo. He mo.roea
mpeeoruu u no-eceomoauu.
Mnoro or mnanre, xonro ycnxnar a npensmornar
xpnsara, no-xcno cnoenxr, ue ca namepnnn pasnpane or
no-nspacren uonex. Cmprra na xoro nnn na aara e
noxo pasrpcnamo npexnnxnane sa mnoro or rxx. Camo
ro nnn rx me pasnpame. C aa ncnuxo e npocro." Hnn
nx: xo eme uyecen."
Puouume e.eoam c +uoeo .ouo oro ua .erapcmeama.
,Mpcomuu", He c.vram sa uuuo".
Ornpamennero e necno oxcnnmo. Mnanre mnoro ope snaxr,
ue ne rxnoro nm e onno. To npocro ce npomenx. Hnnnnr e rosn,
xoro rpxna a ce npncnocon xm nonnx nn omynane.
Hexapcrnara camo nexo npomenxr ycemannxra na rxnoro,
xaro npnanxr manxo xenxso, marnesn, nnrn. Rnomnre
uyncrnar, ue resn xnmnuecxn nnrepnennnn ne morar a pemar
nnmo, nnro a nm nomornar cepnosno.
Enn op npnmep sa rona, xax n rpxnano a ce
pasronapx c rxx: npomxnara e ecrecrneno nepasnonoxenne.
Tx ce cnponoxa or uyncrno sa necnrypnocr, sa xoero e
rpyno a ce pasronapx. Pncx cmecrnyna. Rnomara crana
no-pannm. Oxcnnmo e n nexenannero a ce nsemar
nexapcrna. Kcmer e, axo mnaexr ecrnnrenno e manxo
onen. Ho-ope, orxonxoro nannno span. Rnomnre ca
ononnn, axo ]nsnuecxn ca manxo onnn, samoro ce uyncrnar
ornono xaro ncnuxn ocranann. Hpomxnara rn npann ocoenn.
Onnrr na pyrnre ne n morn a nm e or nomom.
Cmprra na pyr uonex ne moxe a nn nayun xax ce ymnpa,
nnro paxanero xax a ce ponre. Bcmnocr mnomnre ce
crpemxr a noemar camn orronopnocr sa cee cn, es a ca
nenpexcnaro nonomarann. Camnxr npexo rn npann
npexaneno sanncnmn. Hancrnna e xanxo, ue ne ncnuxn
mnomn nmar nsmoxnocr a samnnar n a saxnnexr orenno
or cemecrnoro cn.
Macaume
3
, roumo ueparoam c+eceuu .aeepu useu
ce.omo sa +o+:ema (ooeuu eouu) u +o+u:ema, ca eo
pasopa.u.
Tpenoxnocrra na nspacrnnx nponanx ercxara
anronomnocr xaxro nn ]asara na narenrnocrra (nx. . crp.
19), raxa n no-xcno no npeme na mnomecxnx npexo.
Bspacrnnxr e cxnonen a npenacx npxy erero
rpenoxnocrra or mnomecrnoro cn. Veen, ue n ro
npexnnxna cmoro, ro my npexnpnx cocrnenara cn
,necnoconocr" n nomo camouyncrnne".
3 Macan e1nnuecxa rpyna n Kennn n Tansannn B np
Mo+u:emama cmpaoam om arue oea nmu noee:e om
+o+:emama.
Tona, xoero enara ne xasnar c ymn, ro nspasxnar c rorama
cu. Exsemara n morna a osnauana xenanne sa npomxna.
Koxara, xoxro ce nmmn, e nspas na cnpornna nnn na
neyonnernopenocr. Hsocranenoro ere, xoero ne uyncrna
nnsocrra na maxa cn, crana acrennuno. Mnaexxoro axne
nepoxrno e nspas na nemo noono. B cnoxra paora ce
narxnax na cnyua c 13-ro-nmno momue, xoero npes
nyeprera e npecranano a ce pasnnna. Hsrnexame xaro na 11
ronnn: rnacr my orxasname a myrnpa, npnonauannoro
oxocmxnane saxcnxname. Camoro ro mn xasname: He
pasnpam samo cm pyc n nncox, a ama mn xecrenxn n peen,
maxa mn cmo..." Ho npeme na ncnxorepanen-rnuna cecnx mn
saxnn: ... Koraro xx manx, ne xx ee. Hpno xx xyue." Kax
raxa xyue? Kyuero nnxora ne moxe a ce npenpne n uonex.
3anxnrenno cre nnn manxo uoneue, ee, no nce nax
uonemxo cmecrno." To cn cnomnxme, ue e nn nocen n
xomnnna. Cnomnxm cn sa eno naxerue macno, xoero e n
cmara xomnnna n xax ce cronn."Pasronapxx c amara. C xena
cn re xxa ocnnonnnn Xan-Hnep, xoraro nn na 4 ronnn.
Xnneenn n Hapnx. Hpes nxroro, sa a e na uncr nsyx, ro
nonepxnann na npnxrenn, xonro nmann ]epma. Hpenacxnn ro
xaro nsoxapano xyuenne. He xxa namepnnn cnnn a my
pasxpnxr ranara. Crpaxynann ce a ne saryxr ocroncrnoro
cn". Or momenra, n xoro amara ce pemnn a my xaxe
ncrnnara, pacrexr ce nscranonnn, no nnesanno nx ce
noxnnno axne. Xan-Hnep me nonnra ann n morn a
pasronapx cnoono n c maxa cn sa cnoero ocnnonxnane. Tx
rpxna a snae."
Xenara my e orronopnna no cnennx naunn: Ena, me rn
noxaxa poxnxra, xoxro nocex, xoraro xx pemenna, n
npnnre rn oynunnn..."
Xan-Hnep mn pasxasa cnenara n cnoenn: Amn rx
nponxana a nxpna, ue mn e pona maxa."
Axnero nsuesna cne nxxonxo ncnxorepanenrnunn cecnn.
To e nspas na crpaxa my a ne saryn ocroncrnoro cn",
nsnnrnan nanpemero n or ponrennre my. Kyuennara ne ca
sacrpamenn or noona onacnocr.
Eouu ua eceru oea+a muouu cmpaoa om oescuue
Koraro rnnexpr ne cnn npes nomra n ce sannmana c
nemo, rona neue ne e escnne. Manxo xopa ce samncnxr no rosn
nnpoc. Hopmanno e na rasn nspacr a ce crpemnm a xnneem
n pyr pnrm. Hxxon npenounrar a xnnexr nomem. Mnoro
panocrannnn npeanar nomno npeme. Bmecro a ce
nsnonsnar, nspacrnnre ca cxnonnn a pamarnsnpar. Moxem
a cnymam mysnxa cc cnymanxn." npexrnnre nxnmunannx, n
xonro cnymarennre cnoenxr cnonre uyncrna, morar a
nomornar na mnomara, xoro rn cnyma. Momue moxe a
rene]onnpa or craxra cn, sa a xaxe xaxno ro ropmosn...
Onxnoneno mnaexnre, xonro ce oaxar, ne monar a ce
pasenxr c mnomecrnoro cn, maxap ue nonxxora ca neue na 20
21 ronnn. Ponrennre sanounar a rnear na resn r. nap. nocr-
mnomn" xaro na nxxaxnn cryenoxpnnn", anarnunn
cmecrna.
Mnaexnre, xonro npexapnar no-ronxmara uacr or npemero
cn cc cnymanxn, nsnpar pyr nn nremecrnne n cpannenne c
resn, xonro n mnnanoro ca cn nsemann manxara n ca rprnann no
nrnmara. Cera, sa a ynonnm onnra na pyrnre, ne e
neoxonmo a ce nnxnm. Ho opn n cnymanxnre morar a ce
oxaxar n xpana cmerxa nonesnn, axo nsopr e nponxrynan or
axrnnen nnrepec. Camo xoraro xenaem, nonyuanam, axo ne
cn cn sarynn npemero. Bce nax ocrana naexara, ue n enn
momenr xenannero moxe a ce cyn. Axo mnomara
nponxana a e nce raxa nacnnen, ne e neoxonmo
ponrennre a ro rpnxr n oma cn. Ocoeno npn
mnoroponnre cemecrna ne e xenarenno n oma a nerernpa
mna uonex, xoro nsxnnxna narorenen nyeprer n nma
cxnonnocr xm enpecnx. ope e, axo ycneem a npeornparnm
perpec
4
xm mama n rarxo.
4 Perpec necsnanan ncnxnuen mexannsm, npn xoro nnnnnr ce npma xm
npenmnn no-nespenn nnna (no no-xom]oprnn sa nero) na ncnxoconnanno
]ynxnnonnpane Hpnunnnre morar a ar pasnnunn crpax or nanycxanero na
oma, crpax or emero, crpax or nponan n p F -p Hepoxam
Rnomecxara nspacr npann nnunocrra yxsnnma.
Bepannara nacnnnocr ne e nacnnnocr na xenannero. Kax a
ce nsmxnem or cemennx sarnop? Tesn, xonro ce oxnxnar n
samnra na npanara na cemecrnoro, ne ce copasxnar c
npanoro na ncexn nnnnn a ro nanycne. B noneuero cnyuan
cemecrnoro norncxa n nopaxa oruyxenne. oxaro n
pannoro ercrno cemecrnoro e npnsnano a nrpae ocnonna
ponx, npes mnomecrnoro ro n rpxnano a ce orpnne,
samoro rona e npemero, xoraro ponrennre ca na-escnnnn
a nomornar.
3noxauecrnenoro mnomecrno, xoero nponxana npexane-
no nro, ce cpema n cemecrna, xonro nourn nxmar connannn
xonraxrn n xnnexr sarnopenn n cee cn. Hacnnnoro nnn
arpecnnnoro noneenne ne e xapaxrepno sa ena, unnro
ponrenn nmar mnoro npnxrenn. Hensmoxnocrra sa
mnomara a nsnese or cemecrnoro ro npenpma nn nxncnar
saponm. Cemecrnoro ce npcna, xaxro ce pasxcna maxara,
anaxn xnnor na erero cn. Tona ce cnyuna ram, xero
cemennxr yx ce nasn npexaneno pennocrno, ram, xero
nnncnar xonraxrn c nnmnnx cnxr n xynrypnn n cnoprnn
sannmannx...
Hrou ua+upam usxoo e cermume. Koeamo ooeuuea+e
cermume, :e ome.u:am +o+u:ema, cmpaoauu om
auopercu
5
, ue cmaea .u ov+a ece nar sa ome.u:aue cc
ce.acuemo ua repmeama?
Koraro nennnoneren crane sanncnm or nxxox cexra, rona
ne e ronxona pesynrar or crpemexa my a npnnanexn na
ana, a or snoynorpeara na xopncrnn nnna c
nacronnuecrno, xoero n rpxnano a e ]ynxnnx na
ponrennre.
Bcnuxn cexrn xnmnnnn" nxar cnoxra noponama nnacr
na nxxo sme", rocnoap, sannaxnam ymnre. Hamepnnn
cnenre na cnoero ornneueno" ere, ponrennre nxmar cnnn
a ro npnar. To e pecnpano n ce e npenpnano nn ]anarnx.
5 Anopexcnx ncnxorenno pascrpocrno npn uounue1a1a npes nyep1e-1a, cnmrom
cnaane na rernoro or nnnca na ane1n1 n o1xas or xpana. B pe
Iu+uasucmume oouruoeeuo saeeam, :e ue ce nasm om
CHHH.
Hancrnna noneuero epornunn xonraxrn ce cnexar o
oxocnannx na rasn nspacr n pxxo ce crnra o cnoenen
xonryc. Bsmoxno e cmo re a ce crpemxr xm pncxono
noneenne.
Omuoueuuemo ua .erapcromo m.o r+ auopercuma,
ca+ovoucmeeuomo noeeoeuue, vnompeoama ua uapromuu
o:eeuouo ompasea ccmouuemo ua +eouuucrama uavra
Ho paseumuemo ua oouecmeomo uaco:ea +eouuuama r+
namo.oeuma npu urou muouu, r+ mxuama uecnocoouocm
oa ce npucnocoom r+ rueoma, rarmo u r+
esau+oomuoueuuma .erap oo.eu.
Camnre nexapn ca ocra xoncepnarnnnn. Bn ncnuxn
onnnunn saneennx paorxr ncnxnarpn-acncrenrn n
cnennanno oyuenn na ncnxorepannx cecrpn, no nexapxr ce
uyncrna orronopen camo xoraro nma onacnocr sa xnnora na
nannenra. Hpn onacnocr or camoyncrno enncrnenara nen e
a ce nonpeun na onnnx a nocerne ]nsnuecxn na cee cn.
Xenannero sa camoyncrno y mnomara n necsnanannre
,ncropnuecxn npnunnn"
6
, xonro ro rnacxar xm raxn
camoynnmoxnrenen axr, ca nspas na neoxonmocrra, xoxro
ro nsnnrna, a ce pasenn oxonuarenno c ercrnoro cn.
Bcmnocr ro ncxa a xaxe: Homom, ncxam a ce pox,
no sa a ce pox, rpxna a ympa. Xnnorr n cmprra npnxr
pxa sa pxa. B rasn cpea, n xoxro xnnex, ne snax xax a ce
pox."
He ce .u saoe.sea uanpeor noue npu neouampume om
oo.uuume?
6 Hc1opnuecxn npnunnn ncnxoanannsara ornacx npnunnnre sa onpeeneno
noneenne n pannoro ercrno, xaro cnope 3nrmyn upo ena or saaunre na
re-panenrnunnx nponec e a nonnrne noana na sapanxnero, xoro e saynnn
na-pannnre ronnn na ercrnoro, n a pasxpne ercxnx cexcyanen xnnor, xoro
e cxpnn no nero, xaro ro nsnrne o nnnoro na csnannero" B rosn cmncn
moxe a ce xaxe, ue ncnxoanannsara nscnena ncropnxra na nsrpaxanero na
nnunocrra F -p . Hepoxam
Tona, xoero nocrnrar, e a naxapar ponrennre a ce
nouyncrnar nnnonnn. Cmxra ce sa npannnna namecara n
cemenara cpea na mnomara, xaxro n orenxnero or
ponrennre, axo re ro manrpernpar. Hsnnsa, ue nnsxnre my
npecrannxnar onacnocr sa nero. Hpann ce oparnoro na
neoxonmoro sa rasn nspacr. Rnomnre rpxna camn a ce
nouyncrnar npnnneuenn or nemo, xoero e nsnn cemecrnoro, n
a ro nanycnar no cocrneno xenanne. Te rpxna a cn rprnar,
xoraro ca n ccroxnne a noemar orronopnocr sa cee cn, a ne n
pesynrar or nxxaxna amnnncrparnnna mxpxa n rxxna samnra. B
pyrn cnyuan, nmecro a nomornar na erero a namepn mxcroro
cn n xnnora, saononxnar xenannero na ponrennre n ro
nacranxnar n ncnxnarpnuno saneenne xaro onno. 3a
cxanenne crpyxrypn sa xnnor nsnn cemecrnoro nce ome ne
ca csaenn.
Bcnuxn nexapn nmar mennnncxo opasonanne. Manxo ca
resn, xonro ca ecrnnrenno norornenn. Horornenn ca resn,
xonro ca nmann manca a npaxrnxynar npn nnunocrn, unro
crpemex e nn a csanar yuennnn, xaro anar npnmep cc
cocrnenoro cn noneenne xm onnnre. Cryenrnre no
mennnna nonyuanar ocraruno eonronornuna
nn]opmannx (a ne nsemar nannenrnre na xonernre cn, a ne
ronopxr nnxora nomo sa rxx, opn n nannenrr a ce
onnaxna). Ha npaxrnxa resn npnnnnnn ne ce cnasnar. C nexora
ce snenocranx npenmnnxr nexynam, sa a ce nsrxnar
cocrnennre xauecrna. a ce ronopn nomo sa npnnx nexap,
xaxro n sa ponrennre, es a ce snae xaxno ncmnocr ce e
cnyunno, e npeno sa camnx nannenr. Hoonn nnamnxn nn
nsanmoornomennxra npensnnxnar arpecnnnocrra na
ponrennre n nepnxnn peaxnnn, noemn o pamarnuno
,cyuacrnnuecrno": ama sanouna a nne, samoro cnnr my e
nenonocnm. Hne, sa a ne ro ne, no nnxn, n xpana cmerxa
ro nax ro ne.
enara, orxcnarn or ponrennre nenara cne paxanero
cn, ca yxacno npensnnxarennn. Te nonrapxr arpecnxra, unxro
xeprna ca nnn n momenra na pasxnara. Txxnoro pasnnrne e
xaro nrynane npes nycrnnx n rpcene na cnomena sa
,npeuynenara nmon". Maxara, na xoxro nnncnar npnnre
mnrone
na omynane c erero cn, nxmana nsmoxnocr a ro onosnae
nocrenenno, en cne en, or camoro nauano, nsnaa n yxac
npn ncexn na-nesnaunrenen nono n ce uyncrna noma maxa
n ounre na oxonnnre. Hanpexennero nce noneue napacrna. Hpn
nsenarencrna nexapxr ce opma xm nonnnnxra.
Kareo ou +oe.o oa ce rare ua +arume u oauume, roumo
eoeopm, :e ce cmpaxveam om san.auume.uomo noeeoeuue
ua cuua cu? Cmaea ov+a sa qusu:ecru cmpax.
Enncrnennxr nepen noxo e a ce xaxe ncrnnara: He
cm n ccroxnne a ce cnpanx c rona, xoero uyncrnam. Tn me
nnamnm. Hcxam a me npensnnxam... Hcxam ama rn a
e no-rpy or re... Cnpmeno e. Tyx ne moxem noneue a
pasunram na nomom."
Hpo+euu.o .u ce e .e:euuemo ua auopercuma om
oecemu.emu uaca+?
Tyx neue cn nponxa nr nenre na ncnxoanannsara; rpcn
ce necsnananoro xenanne.
Hpnema ce, ue orxasr or xpana ne e nacouen cpemy
maxara, xaxro ce mncneme ocxopo, nnro cpemy amara.
Hemara ca no-noxn. Hma ornomenne xm maxara, no ne
sanxnrenno xm ponara maxa, a xm rasn, c xoxro
momnuero cnnno ce nenrn]nnnpa n onpeenen nepno or
xnnora cn. Fxx cnneren nenx na onnrnre a ce xpann
nacnna mnao momnue, crpaamo or anopexcnx. To eme no
nenpexcnaro nanmenne, no ne naaname nnro rpam. Cne
6-cemnuno neycnemno neuenne e orneeno n
ncnxoanannrnuna xoncynrannx. 3a npenounrane e nannenrr
a e nacouen xm xoncynrannx nsnn onnnnara, xero e
nexynan, nemo, xoero rpyno ce npoymxna or me]a na
onnnunoro saneenne. Tona, xoero crana n xannera na
ncnxnarpa, ne n cnenano a ce snae or comarnunnre
nexapn. B crpemexa cn sa noneue anropnrer me]onere ncxar
a xonrponnpar ncnuxo. Hsnnsa, ue nannenrr na eno
onnnuno saneenne ne moxe a ce mecrn n nono,
cnennannsnpano sa pyrn saonxnannx.
ercxnre ncnxnarpn nmar npnnoc n onosnananero na
nnmnoro noneenne, n anannsa na pesynrarnre or recronere,
no camo ronxona. Hcnxoanannsara ne nna a ce cmecna nnro
c ncnxnarpnxra, nnro c ncnxonornxra. Hcnxnarpnre n
ncnxonosnre morar camo a norornxr onpeenen nnnnn a
ce cpemne c nxxo, xoro me ccpeoroun nnnmannero cn ne
npxy noneennero, a npxy crpaannero. Hcnxoanannrnxr e
rosn, xoro me ycranonn orxora e ro, es a ro ocxa c
nexapnre, xonro n momenra ce rpnxar sa neronoro ]nsnuecxo
n ncnxnuecxo spane.
Axo mnomara saxnn: Be ce npnepa n me nonanx
xmara", ncrnncxnxr ncnxoanannrnx rpxna camo a
orronopn: Kora rn ce e ncxano a sanannm ncnuxo, samoro
ne cn nnxan pyr nsxo?" B nnxaxn cnyua: Bnnmanne,
rosn ncxa a nann!" Hoona pennnxa n osnauanana, ue
xenannxra na onnoro nopaxenne ce nsnpnemar xaro
peanno ocmecrnnmn ecrnnx.
Tona e enncrnennxr nepen ncnxoanannrnuen noxo.
3a cxanenne nancxxe no cnera ncnxoanannrnnnre
nonaar n xnonxara na noxponnrencrnoro, nmecro a ce
onepxnar sa rona na nsnnrarennre, nesanncnmo xaxn e
rexnnxr noxo. Fn rpxnano ncnxoanannrnnnre a morar a
xasnar xcno, no sa cxanenne ne ro npanxr: Hpnemam en-xo
cn na nrn cemnuno, axo ro xenae, rona e ncnuxo. Kaxno
nmam namepenne a npanx nn? a pasepa nponsxoa na
xenannero nnn nexenannero, xoero nsnnrna mnanxr mn
cecennx n momenra."
Hono sa xoncynrannx n rpxnano a e crpaannero
na mnanx uonex, npnen a pasronapx c nxxoro sa ymennara
cn onxa. Cnyun mn ce nenx a anannsnpam 9-ronmno
momnuenne c nepnepsnn naxnonnocrn: cnarano
nsnpaxnennxra cn n xyrnx sa cnaxnmn, nnxaeno n cynara na
crapnx cnxn rpannap n nmennero na aa cn n xo cn.
B pncynxnre my saenxsax, ue opma ]opmnre: ronxara
eme uepra, uenrenuero xprue. Bnmno npnnnuame na
pena crapnna cc ccyxpena xoxa n nsocrpen norne. Hen-
pexcnaro ronopeme mpcornn n snonn nema. Karo onaana
or sn yx nnn no-cxopo xaro oruyxena or camara cee cn.
Vcnxxme saeno a nscranonnm ncropnxra . Ha 18
mecena crana xeprna na cancrnunnre nscrnnennx na
omamnara npncnyxnnna, sa xoxro rona mxcro nno npna
paora. Hsnacnnena or amara na momnuennero, cnyrnnxra
cmo e nmana nyxa or ncnxoanannsa.
Cansmr y momnuennero e pesynrar or cnnnara my
nenrn]nxannx c maxara" upes mexannsma na
nnrpoexnnxra
7
. Mnaara cnyrnnx repopnsnpana erero,
xoraro ocranann nacame, ronexn ro c pxen. erero nanpann
npenoc xm men n me saonua. 3a ena ronna ce nayun a
uere n nnme. Mnnaxme npes ncnuxn nsmoxnn cynnmannn.
Hnnero my noposonx n npomenn nannno nspaxennero cn.
More .u oa ce mepou, :e ncuxoaua.usama e :ecmo nmu
npomueonorasaua e nepuooa ua muouecmeomo?
Tona norpemno cxnamane ce nxn ome na npnnre
ncnxoanannrnnn, nxnmunrenno n na upo: cnope rxx morar
a ar anannsnpann camo resn, xonro ronopxr.
Rnomecrnoro ncmnocr e uyecen nepno, sa a ce npexnnee
paxanero ornono. Kaxro nenenx nsrxnaxme, mnanxr
uonex ne namnpa ymn, sa a nspasn rona, xoero uyncrna. Ha
necsnanano pannnme, opn xoraro nnxo ne ronopn, ce
paorn mnoro ope. Omynanero es ymn npann cmo
nsmoxna anannsara.
Koraro xx naunnaema ncnxoanannrnuxa, sa ncnxoanannsa
ce npnemaxa camo ena n nspacrnn, no ne n mnomn.
B nemno npeme cmecrnyna renennnx npexaneno a ce
ncnxonaronornsnpa mnomecrnoro. Mnanre xopa nnar, sa a
pasronapxr, no ne morar a ce nspasxnar. Te mncnxr, ue
pasronapxr, oxaro ncmnocr mnuar, n cn ornnar mnoro
ononnn cne cecnnre. Hcnxoanannrnxr rpxna a npneme
rona mnuanne xaro snax sa opa npsxa.
7 Hnrpoexnnx npnmnrnnen necsnanan ncnxnuen mexannsm, npn xoro
nnnnna cnmnonnuno nsnpnema xapaxrepnn ueprn nnn enemenrn or
noneennero na pyra nnunocr (n cnyuax na cnyrnnxra). F -p . Hepoxam.
,Hpnxrna nn nn eme rasn cecnx? a, pasnpa ce!
uyncrnare nn, ue xasaxre ncnuxo, xoero nmaxre a xaxere?
a." B ecrnnrennocr re nnmo ne xasnar. Te ca no-
mnuannnn n or manxnre ena, xonro, maxap n a ronopxr sa
pyrn nema, nce nax pasronapxr.
3a mnomnre ymnre neue ca enn, sa a oxnanar
cmncna na npexnnennre ronnn. Tona e onsn momenr or
xnnora, xoraro mysnxanrnre orxpnnar non nn mysnxa,
xoraro noernre nsmncnxr ornono noesnxra, r. e. namnpar
ncnuxn naunnn a cn cnyxar c ymnre n c onxnonennx
esnx. Bpsxara cc cepnosen n orronopen uonex, xoro nn
npnema raxn, xaxnro cre, es a nn onenxna, moxe a e
camo nnoornopna.
Cecnnre c mnomnre ca ]pycrpnpamn
8
sa ncnxoanannrnxa.
Mnoro or rxx mncnxr, ue cne xaro mnun, cyexrr ne
nonexn na ncnxoanannsa.
B cranx na npomxnara mnomara onemxna mom rpxna a
ronopn sa uyncrnara cn; rona e npemero, xoraro ymnre
nannno npomenxr cmncna cn. B nepnoa na ennonara
nspacr (nx. . crp. 18) erero ]anrasnpa n nsmncnx
npnxasxn upes noesnxra na ymnre n mera]opara na
pncynxara. Hpnxasnnxr my esnx ce nsnnna n ymn n snann.
Rnomara oaue cn mncnn, ue c mnuannero cn xasna mnoro.
Hcnxoanannrnxr, xoro ne ce crpaxyna or rona mnuanne,
xoro e rpennpa a nonacx rasn rnmnna, e na-opnxr
cecennx sa nero. B xpax na namnx nex xaro ue nn
nsmoxnocrnre ncnxnarpnxra a ce nanoxn ca no-ronemn n
cpannenne c ncnxoanannrnunnx noxo. Bce nax, crpyna mn
ce, ncnxoanannsara pasxpnna no-ronemn nepcnexrnnn sa
xaysara na enara.
Koraro mnanxr nnnnn ne ycnxna a npeoonee nxxoe
npenxrcrnne,no-ronemn mancone a my nomorne nma
ncnxorepannxra, nponexana or ncnxoanannrnx.
8 mpyc1pannn ccroxnne na opxanocr, pascrpoenocr, pasouaponanne. Crporo
nornenaro, rona moxe a e pesynrar or nesaononxnane na naronnre nnn na
nponan n ocrnrane na nennre. upycrpnpanero na onpeenenn rpannnn na
nnrensnnnocr non o nenposa, arpecnx, rpenoxnocr n p F. -p . Hepoxam.
Eouo ua eceru oee usocmaeeuu oea e pooeuo om
uen.uo.emua +ara.
Ipemar ncnxnarpnre, xonro npnemar rona xaro
xaracrpo]a sa erero. Te npenounrar maxara a aoprnpa
n ca cxnonnn a nnymar uyncrno sa nnna, axo e pemnna
oxpa a nsnocn nnoa cn n a ro nsocrann cne rona. Axo
na raxona ere ce xaxe ncrnnara, es a ce nsuaxna cranxr
na narenrnocr nnn nyeprerr, ro uyecno moxe a ce
cnpann c nponema, samoro camoro ro e noeno orronopnocr
sa xenannero cn a ce pon.
Vcnonnxra, xonro ce npeocranxr na nennnonernara maxa,
sa a orrnea erero cn, onxnoneno ca nenaronpnxrnn sa
pasnnrnero my: nacranxnanero n cnennannsnpano saneenne ce
orpasxna nomo na camouyncrnnero . Tam na nex ce rnea xaro
na esorronopna nnunocr. Hnmena e or nsmoxnocr a paorn n
a nonepn erero na anauxa. Fn rpxnano a ce nomncnn sa
emannnnannxra na resn momnuera n a nm ce nomorne a
namepxr mxcroro cn n xnnora, xaro ce nma npenn xonxo ca
naxnn xonraxrnre n npnnre 1012 mecena or xnnora na
erero.
B nauanoro, xoraro xx mnaa nexapxa, ncnxnarpnunara
onnnna e xaro sarnop sa enara. Bcnuxn xxa nacranenn n
xnnnn c anromarnuna cncrema sa sarnapxne n ornapxne na
nacer nparn enonpemenno. Hnsramn ce nparn, xonro ce
saxnmunaxa xaro nparn na naronn or 6 u neuepra o 6 u
cyrpnnra. erero e oceno a xnnee cam-camnuxo n manxa
xnerxa c eno nerno n nomna macnuxa.
Hcnxnarpnxra, xoxro ce npaxrnxyname, moxeme a ce
cpannn no penpecnnnocr c ornomennero xm nennnonernnre
npecrnnnnn. Cnennanncr onenxname o xaxna crenen
mnanxr nannenr moxe a ce cmxra orronopen sa nocrnxnre
cn: Kaxna onxa cn npnunnnn na maxa cn!" Momuero ce
uyncrname xaro ue nn ama my my uereme xoncxo". Axo ne
pearnpame, ncnxnarpr orenxsname n xaprona my:
,esuyncrnen". Hpenenxa, xoxro ce npenpmame n ncrnncxa
npnca n osnauaname sa nsnpannrenen om".
erero ce oxauecrnxname xaro eenoxoxo", samoro ne
ce eme pasnnaxano. Axo ne e nspxano, e nsxnnnano,
pemennero meme a e ome 8 nn n orenennero..." nnn
ncnxorepannx n npnxpenxne xm na-nnsxara paonna
cnennannsnpana xoncynrannx". Cne xaro erero ne ce e
pasnnaxano, ro sacnyxaname a e nsroneno.
Hepconanr ne eme norornen n nxmame neoxonmoro
ornomenne. Hnncname my mornnannx. Cnomnxm cn ena maxa,
xoxro e omna a nocern cnna cn n ena or resn apxanunn
nynnnn. Horernnna c xa]ennna, sa a onece ronno xa]e na
cnna cn. Tprnana npenara neuep n nrynana nxna nom c nnax.
B xannera sa xoncynrannn noncxa a nanee uama xa]e na
erero. uyx nepconanr a ce nacmnna: Ama monx re, nnx
nn x rax eenara nenmenxema", manxo cne xoero a mennar
na momuero: He rn nn e muno a xapam maxa cn raxa a
crpaa?"
Ommoeaea ueuama +uoeo ce npo+euuxa emcrume
ncuxuampu:uu oo.uuu cmauaxa no-npueem.ueu.
a, nxma nacnnne. Ecrecrneno neuep onnnnara ce sarnapx.
Ho npes enx nma nenpexcnaro nnxenne: nsnnrarenn,
ncnxonosn nponexar none nenx cemnuno nnnnnyanen
pasronop c nannenra, xaro cnasnar xnernara sa
npo]ecnonanna rana. Cnennanncrn no ncnxomoropnxa n
e]exronosn nponexar peonno xoncynrannn ycnopeno c
enenryannara ncnxorepannx n npo]ecnonanna opnenrannx.
opononnn nnn craxynamn ncnxonosn nomarar na
nsocranannre n yunnnme, pasnpa ce, nennnarn ycnemno...
Eno e naxno: enara ca anraxnpann n nmar nenpexcnar
xonraxr c xopa. Fnaroapenne na rpynonnre sannmannx re ne
ca raxa nsonnpann n opeuenn na esecrnne xaxro npen.
Hpu oenpecueuo oo.uume oe vcmauoeeuo, :e
ncuxomepanuma san.auea oa pascmpou rpexromo
paeuoeecue ua uuoueuoa u +ore oa ce orare
npomueonorasua
Bcnuxo sanncn or nna ncnxorepannx Koraro crana yma
sa ncnxopama, npn xoxro nemara ce nsnrpanar, ne
cmecrnyna nnxaxna onacnocr or paspymnrenen e]exr.
Onacnocr nma,
xoraro cyexrr, ocranan cam c ncnxnarpa, npneme nacnnno
noneenne.
H ncnxnarpnre ca nenpornnn xaro nac. Te nsnpar rasn
npo]ecnx, samoro snaxr, ue omecrnoro ouaxna or
ncnxnarpnre penpecnx na maprnnannre. Bepoxrno ercrnoro
nm e npemnnanano no enn noxpnn c maprnnanna noxa, or
xoero ca crpaann. Te npnxrnar xm ncnxoanannsara or
npo]ecnonanen nnrepec, no sa cxanenne ne x onexar
oxpa. Ocranar mexy na crona, c ne manxn na rnanara.
Hpo+euu.a .u ce e ouec nooeomoerama ua ncuxuampume
7
Hnxo ne moxe a rn naxapa nacnna a ce opnar xm
ncnxoanannsara.
ocraruno e a nannxnere n onesn mecra, xonro ncnuxn
ca nnn cpenma na neepacrn, nxnmunrenno c na-opnre
ncnxnarpn, cpe xonro neo]nnn n neepacrn. Te (n cnyuax
xaro nsnnrarenn) pasunrar na pon, sa a pasepar ercxnx
cnxr. Te cmo ca yxsnnmn, samoro na cno pe nnar
mannnynnpann or ena npecrnnnnn. Koraro enn
npecrnnnx cn nsnpma camoonaannero n npecrana a
ecrna no nnnxnne na nmnyncnre cn, ro ce npecrpyna, sa
a ne e sanonen or uenrerara, n xonro nnxa ama cn.
Rnomn, nsnpmnnn nsnacnnnannx, nnar ocranxnn na
cnooa, xoraro nxma yncrno.
Tpu +o+:ema ua oro.o 1314 eoouuu usuacu.ea.u peooeuo
epvnoeo 13-eoouuua v:euu:ra e npoo.reuue ua uro.ro
+ecea oea nmu ceo+u:uo. Ha us.usaue om v:u.uue me
o.vocmea.u c +o+u:emo e urareo +ase, roemo eo
ome.u:a.u uacu.a Kareo ooeue ouxa +oe.u oa u+am mesu
+o+:ema? Kareo omuoueuue ou c.eoea.o oa ce o:area om
couma? Kar ncuxo.oeu:ecru ou +oe.o oa ce m.rvea
mxuomo noeeoeuue?
3a mene noono noneenne ne ce nnncna n pamxnre na
uonemxoro. Or na-panna nspacr resn ena ne ca nnn
orpannuanann n nmnyncnre cn: mornn ca a nanaar, a
xpaar... Kax nxme mornn a ncxame or rxx a ce cnpar n
nepnoa, xoraro nacrnna nononoro xenanne? Ha rxx ne nm e
nno oxcnxna-
no, ue pyrnxr, nn ro or cmnx nnn or npornnononoxnnx
non, npnrexana uonemxo ocroncrno, xaxro n re. Tona oaue
ca ena, xonro nxmar uyncrno sa cocrneno ocroncrno.
Hnncnar crpyxrypn.
CMTPTHOTO HAKA3AHHE HPH MAHOHETHHTE
B oxna 87 na Emnncrn Hnrepnemnn" npxy
naxasannxra cc sarnop na ena no cnera ce xasna:
B CAB 30 mnomn ouaxnar nsnnnennero na cmprnnre cn
npncn. B Barnre, xero cmprnoro naxasanne ne e
ormeneno, rpnma ca nnn ymprnenn na enexrpnuecxnx cron.
Crana yma sa mnan xopa, nsnpmnnn yncrna.
upancoas onro: Koraro ce samncnx xaxno osnauana
oxnnoren sarnop sa mna uonex, nnram ce ann ne e no-
yxacno n or cmprra. He n morno a nma nnmo no-
cancrnuno or rona a snaem, ue me ympem n sarnopa. B CAB
npncnre ne nonexar na cxpamenne.
B crpannre or Tpernx cnxr ena nsnexanar npncn sa
cyuacrnnuecrno n orenennx sa nonnrnuecxn sarnopnnnn.
upancoas onro: Te ca naxasnann n nmero na
mpaxoecnnuecxoro nonxrne xonexrnnna orronopnocr" nnn
npocro ca npenpnarn n sanoxnnnn.
Te nnxora ne ca nnn nsnnranann n mopan, cnercxoro
opasonanne ne npennxa raxn npemer. Kax rorana a
pasepar, ue xoraro pyrnxr ne e crnacen, nononnxr axr ne
moxe n ne nna a e nsnpmen? Axo none eme oxcneno
na enara, ue re ne nna a ce noanar na narncx.
Hpenouereno e naxasannero npe nsnnrannero, nnpexn
ue nsnnrannero e, xoero yun na ynaxenne xm cee cn n xm
pyrnre. Hmonnnxr axr e nsnnmen axr, or unxro
nnoonocna nperpxa ce paxar enara, nemo, xoero n
yunnnme nnxo ne cn ana rpya a nm oxcnn.
Bsnnrannero n rpxnano a e npen ncnuxo nsnnra-
nne n nmon, n ynaxenne xm pyrnx n xm cee cn". Taxn e
cmncnr na xenannero, xoero non o cnxynnenne na nama.
enara ce rnuar cc snannx, es a nm ce ana
nsmoxnocr a narpynnar onnra, xoro npenpma nosnannero
n xynrypno nacnecrno.
oroe ca cmueua.u suauuma u r.uuu:uume uao.moeuu
epxv c+vueuuma e noeeoeuuemo ua muouume? Aro c.eo
10-eoouuua espacm oeama ue ca cmaua.u aemouo+uu
.u:uocmu, moea samop+oseaue ue ooeeoe .u no-uamamr
oo noeama ua useecmuu omr.oueuu? Kou ca npusuaume
sa maruea c+vueuu npu oeama, roumo ue vcneam oa ce
npeepuam e aemouo+uu .u:uocmu?
Ho npeme na nyeprera re ce npmar na nnnoro, na xoero
ca nnn npn nannnsanero nm n cranx na narenrnocrra, xoraro
ne ca npeoonenn ennonnx xomnnexc (nx. . crp. 18). Taxa
no nnnxnne na nyeprera re npanxr perpec, xaro ce
]nxcnpar
9
npxy maxara nnn cecrpara n sanounar ornono a
nsnnrnar ompasa nnn npaxenocr xm amara. Hoxnxna ce n
necsnanan crpemex xm xomocexcyanna sanncnmocr or
nxxo, xoro n morn a nrpae ponxra na ama. Tona moxe
a e n yunrenxr. Bmecro a ce pasnnnar xaro anronomnn
nnunocrn, re nsnpnemar noneenne na pennocrnn
nocneonarenn n pesynrar or nenpnsnanano xomocexcyanno
nneuenne. Ha 1920-ronmna nspacr, axo npnemar nynnuno
a]nmnpanoro xomocexcyanno noneenne, re npemnnanar
oxonuarenno or pyrara crpana". B cnyua oaue ue ne ca n
crnacne cc cnox Cnpx-As
10
or mnnanoro no ornomenne na
xomocexcyannocr-
9 mnxcnpane ncnxoanann1nuen 1epunn, o1nacnm ce o saspaane na
ncnxnuna1a eneprnn, na xon1o ce snan ncnxoconnanno1o pasnn1ne na nnnnna,
xsu no-pannn nespenn c1ann na 1ona pasnn1ne. B cnyuan ce xacae sa qnxcnpane
nspxy uanxa1a, xoe1o xapax1epnsnpa ennona1a qasa n npax1nuecxn npeun sa
nnunoc1no1o nspac1nane. B. -p . Hepoxau.
10 Cnpsx-As 1ona ca 1esn acnex1n na nnunoc11a, xon1o ce pasnnna1 na asa1a na
nssnpne1n1e connannn nopun, nan-neue upes nssnn1anne1o na e1e1o.
Hcnxoanannsa1a pasenn ncnxnunnn anapa1 na 1pn qynxnnonannn c1pyx1ypn
To (necssnanano1o), As (Ero) n Cnpsx-As (Cynep-Ero). Axo To ca ncnxnunn1e
npec1ann1enn na naronn1e, Ero1o qynxnnn1e, xon1o cnspsna1 nnnnna csc
cpea1a, Cynep-Ero1o ca 1esn ncnxnunn npec1ann1enn, xon1o ce csc1onn o1
uopannn1e npenncannn n neann1e, xsu xon1o xopa1a ce c1peun1. B. -p .
Hepoxau.
ra, re crnrar o nenposa, nspasxnama ce n orxnpnxne na
omecrnoro saeno opn c xynrypnnre nennocrn, xonro ca
npnonnn.
Koeamo ce+ecmeomo e c eouo oeme u.u oeama ca oee,
uo c eo.+a pas.ura ee espacmma, roemo e eouo u cuo, ue
cuecmevea .u onacuocm rouq.urmume c oauama u c
+arama oa vc.orum rueoma ua oeorama?
Axo noxara o rosn momenr e onenxna, mnoro uecro cera
rx ce pasnaa. B cnyua ue mnomara, xoro pasenx
ponrennre cn, ycern ocnen rona n xon]nnxr mexy rxx,
cemenara xpnsa my ce orpasxna ome no-nenaronpnxrno n
sacnnna cocrnennre my nenposn (nx. . crp. 84). Honyuana ce
sarnopen xpr. Crana xcno, ue mnomara, ocoeno axo e
enncrneno nnn cnpxnporexrnpano" n nxonueno n
cemecrnoro ere, rona me sacnnn npornnopeunxra.
Armoc]epara me crane nenonocnma xaxro sa ponrennre,
raxa n sa erero. Maxap n n nsnecrna crenen axrtop n
cnrnxra, ro ce npenpma n rxxna xeprna.
Koraro mnomara npemnnana n cnera na nspacrnnre, ro
ornono npexnnxna ennonara xpnsa. erero, xoero ne e npneno
sapanara na xpnocmemennero, rnacxano or nsrapxma
nmon, nnnsa nn nona c rarxoro sa maxa cn nnn cecrpa cn.
Arpecnnnocrra xm amara ce npoxnxna upes yapn n
napanxnannx, no ne n n nonona, cexcyanna arpecnx. Momuero
ce onnrna a npenpne ama cn n oexr-cyuacrnnx nnn
camnxr ro a crane neron oexr. Bcmnocr cnnerenn cme
na perpecnx (nx. . crp. 105) xm nenanncrra, xoxro ro
npornnonocranx na amara nnn na parxra. Rnomara ce
npenpma n nanau sa cemecrnoro. nec ce oprannsnpar
rpynn na ponrenn, xeprna na enara cn nanaun.
11 Cnpsxnpo1ex1npano e1e, cnpsxnpo1ex1nnnoc1 (npo1ex1npano e1e,
npo1ex1nnnoc1). Ornacx ce sa npexomepna ponrencxa sarpnxenocr,
xapaxrepnsnpama ce cc crpax sa spanero na erero Cnope ncnxoanannsara upes
Hex ce npeoonxna uyncrnoro sa nnna, nspacrnamo or necsnanano orpnnarenno
ornomenne xm erero, na-uecro npn nexenann ena, nnnca na nmon mexy
ponrennre nnn nsanmnn oropuennx n p F -p Hepoxam
Manrpernpann ponrenn
Oaxann mn ca ce ponrenn, xonro ce crpaxynar or
arpecnnnocrra na enara cn mnomn. Hpecranere cn cemena
xaprnna, n xoxro maxara nenpexcnaro e narpyxnana, a
amara cn mnun. Hnn ere, xoero nsnnna pxara na maxa cn,
a n cmoro npeme amara rnea renennsnx n ce pascena".
Maxara ce uyn xaxno a npann.
Hma momuera, xonro nsnynar maxnre cn, n momnuera,
xonro nsnynar amnre cn. Crpamno e, xoraro ponrennre
cxnrencrnar n nocroxnno nanpexenne c enara cn,
npemnnann nyeprera. a ce pearnpa e xcno. Mnaa xena,
xoxro xnnee cama cc cnna cn, mn rene]onnpa yxacena:
,Mnoro cm pasrpenoxena or pxanero na cnna mn, xoro
nenpexcnaro nprn nxxaxnn noxone n c manxoro xonn,
xonro nma, samoro ne cm orara, ycnxna a cn xynyna onacnn
noxone. Vxacno ce crpaxynam, samoro ro me sannamna, no
xaro ue nn ne ro csnana. Crpaxynam ce n sapan nero. Tona,
xoero ronopn, cm ro uynana nn ]nnmn na yxacnre. Bxnnxna
ce nannno. Mncnnre nn, ue cnenn or nxxo ]nnm morar a
ro nornxnar a ce naxnpnn npxy mene nnn a nanane
nxxo pyr uonex, omn a ro nnn?" Orronopnx : Kax
pearnpare?" Onnrnam ce a my nonpeua n ro monx a me uye.
Kasnam my: He e ronxm aanrnx rona, xoero npmnm!"
To e nsnn cee cn or snoa n as ce rpenoxa, nanpano ce
crpaxynam sa xnnora cn, samoro norner my crana crpanen n
raxnna momenrn." Epornuna ]anrasnx na ere, orpacno es
ama! Hecmneno n raxnna momenrn e nman epexnnx, no
maxara ne eme paspana. Bce nax rx ycnx a my xaxe rona,
xoero x nocnernax: Axo rn ocaxam, xaro rn ronopx a ne
cn nrpaem c noxone, ro e, samoro ce rpenoxa, ue nennnarn
ycnxnam a xonrponnpam xecronere cn n moxem a napannm
cee cn nnn nxxo pyr. Mene nanpnmep onx en me yapn
(ro ecrnnrenno x nn napannn) n opn ne ce crpecna,
samoro nannno ce eme nxnnxn n nrpara cn. 3a macrne ne
eme cepnosno. Crpaxynam ce,
ue ce ynnnuam npexaneno n moxem a nsnpmnm nemo
onacno, es a ce ycernm. Cnrypna cm, ue me onuam, no
xaxno or rona, axo nancrnna mn npnunnnm nemo nomo, na
men nnn na cee cn..." Hocne maxara cnoenn: Kasax my ro
n ro nenara cnpx, xaro sanouna a ce sannmana c nemo
pyro. Feme ncrnncxo uyo. Hxmame neue nyxa a my
pnam noxa or pnere. Ocranxx ro cam nxmn, oxaro
npen ne cmeex, samoro ncexn nr, xoraro ce npmax, ro
sanapnax a npmn onacnn nema. Bcnuxo nannno npnxnmun,
ro ornono crana erero or npen, xoraro eme mnoro mnn."
Mncnx, ue ymnre ca my noecrnann xaro xacrpannx:
,Ho rn ne cn anam cmerxa!" To e snaen mnoro ope, ue e
nonyuanan epexnnn n raxnna momenrn. Ho nno xaro na cn.
Crpyna mn ce, ue maxara ycnxna a npexcne rasn npaxrnxa
sa pasnnxa or npen, xoraro rx nce noneue ro e norncxana,
xaro my e nnymanana uyncrno sa nnna. Or rona ro e
nsnnrnan sacnnnama ce nenpnxsn xm nex.
Xnpnxnero na xonne e cnopr, xoro n morn a nomorne
na mnomara a npeoonee xommapa c noxonere. pyr
npnmep: 15-ronmno momue nenpexcnaro pasmaxna nxmn
nspaorenn camopuno or nero noxone. Maxa my xasna:
,Bnnmana, samoro moxem a napannm xyuero nnn mene,
axo cm nannso, a cmo n pyrn xopa, xonro mnnanar xpa
ree. Monx re, nsepn cn nxxaxno mxcro n rpannara, nemo
xaro crpennme c mnmena." Or rosn momenr nararx ncnuxo
ce ycnoxoxna n momuero sanouna a ce sannmana c mxrane. Or
ncxxo nrynane amara my nocn exoparnnnn moenn na
pennn noxone. Taxa momuero pasnpa, ue noxr moxe a
cmecrnyna n xaro npemer cam sa cee cn, xaro cnnerencrno
sa ncropnuecxn cnrnx nnn xaro nsrounnx na snannx sa
sanaxruncrnoro n ormnnann enoxn. Cneonarenno, or ena
crpana, nma noxone, xonro rneame sa nnrpnna, or nnrepec
sa xonexnnonepa, a, or pyra noxone sa mxrane xaro
cnoprno opxne. B cnyuax ponrennre ycnxnar a orxnonxr n
cynnmnpar ]anrasma na momuero.
Tepopus+m ua ov+ume e ua +ooa. Tuueorpume ue
noseo.eam ua pooume.ume oa ce npousuecam no raremo u
oa e enpoc: M.ruu", He me c.vua+", H+a ua rareo oa
+e uav:uu, eoeopuu ca+o e.vnocmu ". uec mara e +ooepuo
oa ce paseoeap c mx. Hrou eo npaem om nepeepsuocm,
pasoupa ce, uo opveu ca+o sa oa nooparaeam. Te ce opram
npeouseurame.uo, uo ecuuocm rouq.urm u+a. Koeamo ue
pasno.aeau c +uoeo ooeoou, sa oa onouupau ua espacmuu,
e.aoeeu e no-eo.+a cmeneu usrvcmeomo ua cnopa, ua-
ooopomo cpeocmeo oa +v sameopuu vcmama e oa +v
nonpe:uu oa eoeopu. Hvcrau racemoqoua u uanpaeo raseau:
,M.ruu, :e me vouea+."
Moxe n e camo moa, no e noxasarenno xaro orronop na
cnpemennoro noxonenne n enoxara, n xoxro xnnee. Hxma
samo a ce yuyname, xaro nmame npenn, ue n ycnonnxra na
nyxneapnoro cemecrno
12
erero or 45-ronmna nspacr e
nenrp na ncenenara.
Hororonxa na ercxn ncnxoanannrnnn
Tesn, xonro ncxar a cranar ercxn ncnxoanannrnnn, cn
mncnxr, ue e no-necno c ena. Hanpornn, no-rpyno e, samoro
npn enara cme no-cxnonnn a uyname rona, xoero ncxame, a
ne rona, xoero nn xasnar.
Kannna cm raxnna xannarn a ornem na nxxox ercxa
nnomaxa nnn rpannxa npes nounnnnx en n ram nm xasnam:
,Hcxam a nonnnnre rasn rerpaxa; cenere n nxxo rn n
ce npanere, ue uerere xnnra. Cnymare ncnuxo, xoero cn
ronopxr enara n xoero maxnre nm xasnar. Orenxsnare
nopono xaxno crana n rpynnre na enara n na xennre no
nexnre. Hcxam a pasepa ann ymeere a nanmanare.
Tesn, xonro camo rnear, ncmnocr rnxynar rona, xoero
nnxar. Bcnym-
12 Hyxneapno cemecrno asncna connanna ennnna ponrennre n rexnnre
ena n eno omaxnncrno F. pe.
nare ce n ymnre na enara, n rona, xoero re xasnar
yxnanno. He rn nonpanxre, noenn or rona, xoero nxre
ncxann a uyere. Konxoro n nenpannnnn a ca rpamarnunnre
]opmn, xonro ynorpexnar, nsnpnemare rn raxa, xaxro rn
uynare. Orenxsnare yma no yma rona, xoero enara xasnar
nomexy cn, xomenrapnre na nspacrnnre n rona, xoero
maxnre ronopxr na cnonre eera.
Hpn ncnxoanannsara rpxna a uyname xaxno ce xasna yma
no yma. Axo erero nn xasna: As mama a npanx rona",
pasnpare: as mama a npanx rona", a ne rnxynare: as
me nanpanx rona sa mama". Bcmnocr nocnannero e: As,
xoxro cm nanononnna mama, nanononnna as." Inaronr
,npanx" n nn]nnnrnn ne nxnmuna nnunoro mecronmenne as".
Crana yma sa ecrnne nsnn npemero n npocrpancrnoro,
cmecrnynamn sa ncexn nnnnn, xonro n cnyuax ca ce cnenn.
Tona e, xoero rpxna a uyem, sa a pasepem xe ce namnpa
erero n cnoero xenanne n rosn cnyua. Hnrnpam enn
npnmep, no ncmnocr ce cncxnam nenpexcnaro c r. nap.
cnnraxrnunn rpemxn; xopara ne nnmar raxa, xaxro ronopxr.
Ena yma sa erero e nxno nspeuenne, no nne ne snaem
xaxno e ro n cme npnnyenn a raaem or noneennero my n
or xonrexcra. Tpxna a ce cnyma. Hcnxoanannrnxr rpxna
a uyna rona, xoero ce xasna. Taxa ro me uye n nancyc.
Koraro uonex, xoro ronopn mnoro ope ]pencxn, nanpann
nnesanno orpomna esnxona rpemxa, rona ne e nancyc, a nemo
nsxnmunrenno naxno, samoro nna or nnnnre na nxxaxna
npexnnxna ncropnx. Hecsnarenno ro ce oxocna o nemo
or npemero, xoraro e ronopnn no rosn naunn. He crana yma sa
nancyc, samoro nancycr e pyro pannnme na peura.
Hapnuame ro norpemno ecrnne", a ncmnocr ro e
peannsnpano nnn ycnemno ecrnne na ocsnananoro.
Hancvcm no 4poo...
Tona e norpemno nepanno nnn xecrono ecrnne. Or
noono nemo ne ca npenasenn nnro nspacrnnre, nnro
ncnxoanannrnnnre. Ha xonrpec no xpnmnnonornx
npesnenrr na
Aconnannxra no ncnxoanannsa sacrana na rpnynara n xasna:
,3axpnnam saceannero" nmecro Orxpnnam saceannero".
,Ipemxara mn ne me yuyna xasa nocne ro, samoro ne
pasnpam xaxno rpcn xpnmnnonornxra na xonrpec, xero ne
ce ronopn sa ecrnnx, a sa xenannx, xonro ne crnrar o
ecrnnx." Hancrnna rorana npnccrnaxme na npnnx
xonrpec na ncnxoanannrnnnre, nocneren na xpnmnnonornxra.
Tona e no npemero, xoraro ncnxoanannrnnnre sa npnn nr
npoxnxnaxa nnrepec xm yncrnara n xm npecrnnoro
noneenne. ororana ce nnrepecynaxme camo or onecrnn
ccroxnnx, or xncrepnnre, no ne n or yncrnara n
xpnmnnannnre exnnx.
Heocuecmeeuomo oecmeue ue e .upeepecu :pes esura?
He, ro e xaro a xaxem nemo pyro, xoero e no-nxpno, no
xoero xpnem. 3nax sa cyexrnnna ncrnna. Hpnnxr xonrpec no
xpnmnnonornx crana cnena na npecrnnenne, noyeno or
pennocr. Enn or cnymarennre ce onnra a yne cno
cnepnnx n nmonra n ro pann rexxo. naecer ronnn no-
xcno rosn uonex crana mo nannenr. T xaro xeprnara
onenxna, a n nanaarenxr e or opo cemecrno, npenouenn
a ro cmernar sa ny. Fnn rnean or mnoro ncnxnarpn, no
cne ronnn, npexapann n nynnna, nxmano nnxaxno
noopenne. 3anpmnx anannsara my, maxap ue eme mnoro
rpyno, samoro ro pasnrpaname ]anmnna esorronopnocr.
Bcmnocr neronoro ecrnne e nannno npeymnmneno,
nnpexn ue ce npne xaro npecrnnenne na ny. Koraro
omecrnoro npenounra a cn sarnapx ounre npe eno
npecrnnenne, pesynrar or nepnepsnocr, nocnecrnnxra ca
nnnarn mnoro nomn. Mnanxr uonex e rpxnano a nonece
orronopnocrra sa rona, ue e ncxan a yne. Ho r xaro nn
cmernar sa nenmenxem, ncxxaxna orronopnocr nna cnera or
nero nennxr my xnnor npnema norpemna nocoxa. To nn
20-ronmen, uyxenen n Hapnx, c nacnopr or Hsrouna
Enpona, or samoxno nncoxonocraneno cemecrno. 3a a ce
norymn cxananr, nn oxnen sa nenmenxem n sanounan a
nocemana ncnxnarpn n ncnxoanannrnnn. Ome npen
exnnero nman mmpyunn crnxnonennx cc c-
nepnnxa cn. Hpecnenan ro no rene]ona n my npanen cnenn.
uyncrnan ce ronxona nnnonen or noneennero cn, ue ce
crpemxn xm ncrnncxo npecrnnenne, sa a e sarnopen.
Cnecrxnar my ner ronnn sarnop, xaro ro oxnxnar sa ny. B
sarnopa npexapan camo ne ronnn, n ro npn onexuen pexnm
sapan nncoxoro nonoxenne na ponrennre. Hmonnrno e xax
omecrnoro cc cnoxra nameca moxe a pasnparn uonex,
xoro ororana nn camo paspasnnrenen n necnocoen a
nnaee nmnyncnre cn. Mnaexr snaeme mnoro ope, ue e
nmenxem. Feme ce npenpnan n cxpnro nepnepsen uonex.
IHABA ECETA
CAMOVFHHCTBATA HPH RHOBHTE:
HEOFBEHA EHHEMH
-~,~uif cucs:: cf :,c- tc c~ui
Cpannennx no crpann
Hpoo.e+m cc cmamucmurume
Mexynaponnre cpannennx ce ocmecrnxnar rpyno
nopan pasnnxnre n rexnnxnre n onnnnnre n n spannara
crarncrnxa.
Hscnenane, nponeeno or Henrpa sa ncnxnuno spane
xm Cneronnara spanna oprannsannx (C3O) (8)
1
, nocouna
esponn pasnnunx npn nsrornxnero na o]nnnannara
crarncrnxa n 24 nanmanann crpann.
Tona nn xapa a npnemame c nsnecrna cpxanocr
ncxxaxn nn nn]pn, ome noneue, ue annnre sa
mexynapono nonsnane ce nsuncnxnar na ncexn 10 ronnn
(3).
Camara C3O npenopuna nce nax a nm ce onepnm npn
anannsa na nxxon renennnn.
Be ce cnpem enncrneno na nn]pn, ornacxmn ce o
camoyncrnara, samoro peannnxr po na onnrnre sa
camoyncrno npn mnomnre e npemer na mnoro cnopone.
Bce ome cornomennero mexy pox na cmprnnre cnyuan n
pesynrar na camoyncrno n pox na onnrnre sa
camoyncrno e rnpe neonpeeneno (5).
1 Hn]pn 1 e n cxon ce ornacxr o nnnorpa]nxra na crp 294
Huqpume
B xoxro n crpana a nannxnem, poxr na camoyncrnara
npn momuerara e nnnarn no-ronxm.
Ha-ronxm e nponenrr na camoyncrnara n Henrpanna
Enpona.
Cnope crarncrnxnre crpannre c na-nncox po
camoyncrna ca: Bnenapnx, Ancrpnx, uPI (na-nncox
nponenr n cnera ce orunra n 3anaen Fepnnn), Vnrapnx,
nonnx, uexocnonaxnx, annx, unnnannx n Bnennx.
Crpannre, xero rosn po e na-manx, ca: Hrannx,
Xonannx, Bennxopnrannx, Hspaen, Hcnannx, Hopnernx (n
Hopnernx ce orenxsna cpannnrenno nncx nponenr na
camoyncrna n cpannenne c ocranannre cxannnancxn
crpann).
Hsnn pasnnunxra mexy orennnre pxann noneuero
crpann nspasxnar rpenorara cn nn npsxa c uyncrnnrennoro
ynennuanane na camoyncrnara npn mnan xopa.
annnre no crpann noxasnar omo ynennuenne na
camoyncrnara npn xennre, xaxro n omo n nepannomepno
ynennuenne na camoyncrnara npn mxere, ocoeno
noueprano n Ancrpnx n Bnenapnx, nnmoxno nn
Bennxopnrannx n annx. Vnennuennero na camoyncrnara
ne cornercrna na sanouananero na nxonomnuecxara
xpnsa (cpn. Bnenapnx nnn Bennxopnrannx).
Omo poxr na crpannre, xero camoyncrnara cpe
mnaexnre ce ynennuanar, e mnoro no-ronxm or pox na
crpannre, xero re namanxnar nnn ce sanasnar.
Hpeonasuu +epru
Hexra sa connanen nenrp no nponemnre na
camoyncrnoro ce paxa npes 1906 r., xoraro raxnna nenrpone
ce orxpnnar na ne mecra n cnera (n Hm Hopx n n Anrnnx).
Csaenn or Apmnxra na cnacennero, re nmar sa nen no-cxopo
a nomarar na xopa c onnr sa camoyncrno, orxonxoro a
npeornparxnar rparnunnx axr. B Apmnxra na cnacennero
nponxana a cmecrnyna oren sa opa cc camoyncrna,
no orrorana nsnnxnar n mnoro pyrn oprannsannn cc
cmara nen.
Hpnnxr nenrp sa npeornparxnane na camoyncrna e
csaen nn Bnena cne Bropara cneronna nona (1948 r.).
Bropnxr n Hoc Anxennc sanouna a ecrna npes 1959 r.
Taxn nenrp e csaen no-xcno n n Fpmxcen npes 1970 r.
nec n nnycrpnannnre crpann cmecrnyna renennnx
xm ynennuanane pox na oprannsannnre sa opa cc
camoyncrnara.
Mexynaponara aconnannx sa npenennnx na
camoyncrnara n Mexynaponara ]eepannx na r. nap.
,rene]onnn nonnxnannx", nnn rene]onn na onepnero",
nmar cmo raxana ]ynxnnx.
B nxxon crpann ce nanxra npen ncnuxo na connannoro n
mopannoro nonomarane na enpnmnpann nnnnnn (npnmep
Anrnnx). B pyrn cmecrnyna rxcno crnacynane mexy
pasnnunnre naunnn na npenennnx (npnmep Ancrpnx).
B rpern crpann pacre poxr na r. nap. npenanrnnnn
nenrpone (npnmep CAB) (6).
Hpoyunane n nxxonxo crpann
Aue.u
B cornercrnne c oxrpnnara na Anrnnxancxara npxna n
Anrnnx nro npeme ce ornacxnn npaxeno xm
camoyncrnoro. (Hpes 1823 r rxnoro na enn camoynen na
nme Ipn]nr nno nnaueno no ynnnnre na Honon n
norpeano xpa enn xpcronr.) nec na camoyncrnoro
ne ce rnea neue xaro na npecrnnenne.
Or annnre sa camoyncrna cpe mnaexnre c nsnenaa
ycranonxname, ue Anrnnx e cpe crpannre c na-nncx
nponenr; opn xoraro ro ce ynennuana, ne ocrnra
rpenoxnnre pasmepn na pyrn crpann.
Cnope -p Fepr n -p Censpn (7) pasnnxara n
Anrnnx no ornomenne na noneuero crpann n Enpona n
morna a ce oxcnn cc:
ornocnrennara rpynocr n cnaxnanero cc
cmpronocnn orponn;
noopennre spannn n connannn ycnyrn;
connanno-nxonomnuecxn nanpex.
Tpxna a ce orenexn cmo raxa, ue pasnnrnero na
,nomom no rene]ona", oprannsnpana no nnnnx na
camapxnnre, cnnaa c namanxnanero na camoyncrnara n
rasn crpana (9, 11), nnpexn ue nxmame nayunn oxasarencrna
sa raxana sanncnmocr (10).
Hancrnna,ocnonana or nacropa ua Bapa n Honon npes
1953 r. c nexra sa csanane na npnxrencxn npsxn c nnna n
onacnocr, oprannsannxra na camapxnnre e ena or ocnonnnre,
onpnnecna sa npenasnane or camoyncrna. 3naunrenno
axrnnna, rx orxpnna nenrpone n n mnoro pyrn crpann
2
.
Bnouu
Or 1965 o 1975 r. poxr na camoyncrnara npn ena no
14 ronnn napacrna nono n nonnx (or 46 na 95 ronmno).
Ho ornomenne na nennnonernnre no 20 ronnn nn]para
na camoyncrnara nro npeme ce xoneae oxono 700 cnyuax
ronmno, no or 1977 r. rx sanouna rpenoxno a ce noxauna
(919 npes 1979 r.). Or 1980 r. renennnxra na noxaunane
onxxe e ornono onnaxna (678 cnyuax npes 1980 r.).
Kax a cn oxcnnm rosn ronxona snaunrenen nponenr na
camoyncrna cpe mnomnre n nonnx? (2 nrn noneue,
orxonxoro n CAB.)
Ha-cmecrnenara npnunna e necmneno rpenorara,
xoxro nsnnrnar resn mnomn or pesynrarnre n yunnnme.
ecrnnrenno, xnoncxoro omecrno e mnoro nanpernaro or
ccresarennara armoc]epa, n xoxro xnnee. Emonnonannara
sanncnmocr na xnonena or cemenara cpea n na-neue or
maxara ro npann mnoro yxsnnm. To ne moxe a cn npocrn,
axo x pasouapona, n nsnpnema neycnexa cn xaro
nenonpannm nponan.
2 B Fnrapnx or 7 ronnn ]ynxnnonnpa ropema nnnnx" ncnxo1epannx no
rene]ona, sa Co]nx 46 61 65, no ernara na uepnen xpcr. Cmecrnyna n
cnennannsnpan rene]on 87 37 16 xm Henrpa ena n pncx", cmo ercxn
rene]on na onepnero 66 86 98 xm Fnrapcxa cexnnx sa samnra na ercxnre
npana -p H Funapon e narenronan Tene]on na onepnero" 65 93 55 F
pe
Tesn camoyncrna morar a ce oxcnxr n c rpannnnre n
crpanara. Hacneenara or pennocrra npocnana na cmprra
sapan uecr e cmo moxe n oruacrn npnunna sa npexaneno
nncoxnx nponenr camoyncrna. B cnyuax crana yma sa onesn
rpannnonnn ocroncrna, n xonro nce ome ce nsnnranar
xnoncxnre ena (cnacxnam uecrra cn n noemam nnnara).
Arpecnnnocrra na mnanre xnonnn, pesynrar or
nsnnrannero, nxma mnoro nsmoxnocrn a ce nsnee nann.
Cyexrr e npnnyen a ce cpxa n no rosn naunn arpecnxra
moxe a ce opne cpemy camnx nero, xaro ce rpanc]opmnpa
n rpenoxnocr n nenocnnna orronopnocr (16).
Hpes 1978 r. cne mexynapoen cnmnosnym, nocneren na
cynnnonpenennnxra (npo]nnaxrnxa na camoyncrnara), e
csaena noncxa aconnannx sa npenennnx na
camoyncrnara (JASP). Henra e a ce norornn omecrnoro
a pasnosnana npnsnannre na oruaxnne n a pasnnna
omynanero c nnnnnn, cxnonnn xm camoyncrno, xaro
naunn re a noopxr npecranara sa cee cn.
Kapo.uucru ocmpoeu
B rasn rpyna Mnxponesncxn ocrponn ce orenxsna
rpenoxno noxaunane na camoyncrnara cpe mnomnre, no-
cnennanno cpe mnan momuera mexy 15 n 24 ronnn: 25
na 1000 npes 1984 r., r. e. 4 nrn noneue, orxonxoro n CAB.
Cnope anrpononosnre, xonro anannsnpar rosn cnyua,
enara or nsmoxnnre npnunnn n morna a e
nnnxnnero na 3anaa npxy nannonannara xynrypa, oneno
o npomenn n cemenara crpyxrypa n n rpannnonnnre
nennocrn. Tosn ]axr moxe a ce oxcnn n c nxxon
xynrypnn npnnnxn c nonnx: or ena crpana,
camoyncrnoro rpannnonno ce cmxra sa npnemnnno n sa
ocroen axr, or pyra mnomnre ne ca cnnxnann a
nspasxnar arpecnnnocrra cn no ornomenne na cemecrnoro
n sa rxx camoyncrnoro n morno a ce npenpne n
panxanno cpecrno sa nsxcnxnane na nsanmoornomennxra.
B CAB
O1nomenne xsu cauoynnc1no1o n CAm
Cnope amepnxancxoro saxonoarencrno camoyncrnoro
nnxora ne ce e cmxrano sa npecrnnenne.
Onnrnre sa camoyncrno ce pasrnexar xaro
npecrnnenne camo n 9 mara (Anaama, Kenrtxn, Hm
xtpcn, Cenepna n Rxna Kaponnna, Cenepna n Rxna
axora, Oxnaxoma, Bamnnrron), no nnnara, xonro ca npannnn
raxnna onnrn, nnxora ne ca nnn npecnenann. Ocnen rona
nnacrnre n CAB pxxo npecnenar xopara, nomornann na
pyrn a' ce camoynxr, nnpexn ue cmecrnynar saxonn,
xonro rnear na noonn ecrnnx xaro na npecrnnn
exnnx (13)
3
.
Bce nax mopannnre n pennrnosnnre nsrnen (25) sa
camoyncrnoro ro npenpmar n rema ray sa mnoro
amepnxannn.
Hnqpn n c1a1nc1nxn
Camoyncrnoro xaro npnunna nomep ne sa cmprnocrra
npn mnomnre (cne xaracrpo]nre) n CAB e nono xnnenne,
xoero nenpexcnaro ce sacnnna npes nocnennre 20 ronnn.
Cnope crarncrnxnre npes rona npeme poxr nm npn mnanre
xopa or 15 o 24 ronnn ce e ynonn.
Hpes 1985 r. noneue or 6000 mnomn ce camoynnar n
CAB, xoero cornercrna na oxono 17 camoyncrna nenno,
n ro npn ycnonne, ue ce orenxsnar camo ycnennre n
perncrpnpann cnyuan.
Excneprnre rnpxr, ue na ncxxo oxneno camoyncrno
nma 23 oxnanann xaro nponsmecrnnx or cemecrnara; sa
ncxxo ycnxno camoyncrno nma ome oxono crornna onnrn.
Cneonarenno ncexn en n rasn crpana noneue or xnnxa
rnnexpn nocxrar na xnnora cn.
Cnope Popr Hpecnn, cenarop or Kann]opnnx, enn na
3 Hn]pnre n cxon ce ornacxr o nnnorpa]nxra na crp. 295
ecer mnomn e npannn onnr sa camoyncrno n enn na nama
neue e mncnnn sa camoyncrno xaro enenryanen nsxo no
npeme na yunnnmero.
Axo ce nrneame no-ornnso n resn rpenoxnn nn]pn, me
saenexnm, ue maxap momnuerara a npanxr 3 nrn noneue
onnrn sa camoyncrno, momuerara ycnxnar 4 nrn no-uecro
npn raxnna onnrn. Ero samo camoyncrnara na momuerara or
xnara paca ca 2/3 or camoyncrnara n mnomecxa nspacr n
Amepnxa.
Connoxynrypnara cpea cxxam ne e naxen xpnrepn n,
xaxro xasna An]pe eneno, cnpesnenr na Hannonannnx
xomnrer sa cynnnonpenennnx npn mnomnre, anannsnpannre
cnyuan ne ca noxasarennn n rona ornomenne. Bnpexn rona
nsrnexa, ue onacrnre c ycxopeno emorpa]cxo pasnnrne ca
cpe na-sacernarnre. Bon marr Henaa, cnenan or Hm
Mexcnxo.
Hpnunnnre
Hpnunnnre, xonro rnacxar mnanre amepnxannn xm
camoyncrno, rpyno morar a ce onpeenxr n ca pasnnunn n
orennnre cnyuan. Axo ce nxpna na nanpanennre npoyunannx
(cpn. nnnorpa]nxra), nemnnre amepnxancxn rnnexpn
uecro crpaar or necnrypnocr n rpynocrn n nsrpaxane na
nenrnrera (camonnunocrra). Hpomennre n xauecrnoro na
xnnora n cemecrnoro morar cmo a ar npnunna.
Vnennuanamnxr ce po pasnon (72 % or camoyncrnara
ca nsnpmenn or ena, unnro ponrenn ca nnn pasneenn,
nnn pasenenn), nce no-ronxmara monnnocr (cmxna na
mecroxnneenero) na cemecrnara (noneue or 75 % or
camoyncrnara ca na rnnexpn, nsrprnarn or nosnarara
nm cpea), connannnre xnnennx: napxomannx n anxoxonnsm
(1/3 or cnyuanre ca ncnecrnne snoynorpea c ynonamn
nemecrna), nperonapnanero n yunnnme n nsncxnanero sa no-
nncox ycnex (onmnncrnoro or xeprnnre ca nmann
pasouaponannx nnn nponann no npeme na yunnnme), rnpe
necnrypnoro eme: crpaxr or
xpena nona. Ponx nxa mornn a nrpaxr n pyrn ]axropn:
cmprra nnn camoyncrnoro na nnsx uonex, mennre,
xonro npenpmar rosn axr n nonnr, nxxaxna rpanma no npeme
na paxanero (22, 29)...
Cnope nscnenannxra na ncnxonora n ranaronora Ennn
Bnaman, ocnonaren na Amepnxancxara aconnannx no
nponemnre na camoyncrnara, 80 % or nnnara, nocernann na
xnnora cn, ca nocxasann no nxxaxn naunn na oxonnnre sa
cnoero namepenne (18).
Hpeuepn
Or nxxonxo ronnn amepnxancxara npeca n nnreparypa ce
sannmanar c nsocrpxmnx ce nponem cc camoyncrnara na
mnomn. T xaro raxnna npnmepn ne nnncnar sa cxanenne,
nne me ce cnpem na nxxon or na-xpacnopeunnnre.
Bnnnn Hymnc. Fes nxxaxnn nnnmn npnunnn enoxa
ra ce oecna npes 1973 r., xoraro e na 14 ronnn.
Or nennnxa, crnxonere n nncmara, xonro ocranx,
pasnpar sa rpenornre n rpynocrnre .
Hcnxnarpr, xoro rn npounra, e nsnenaan xonxo rouno
orpasxnar re nponemnre na mnomnre. C nomomra na
ponrennre n na enn or yunrennre ro nanncna xnnra,
nsxcnxnama nponema na camoyncrnoro npn mnomnre (15).
Kper Fanonn n xoyn uoxc. namara rnnexpn
ce camoynnar npes 1969 r. n snax na nporecr cpemy nonara
nn Bnernam (2).
ann Xonn. 13-ronmno momue ce oecna, sa a
onexun ponrennre cn, xonro nmar ]nnanconn nponemn
,ena ycra no-manxo sa nsxpannane" (36).
Tpnnnr Hn Hynnnr. 16-ronmnnxr mnoma ce
camoynna cne saxnnnannero, xoero my ce naa no npeme na
enexrponnn nrpn cnmynaropn.
Maxa my cama sanouna anxera n ocnonana aconnannx, sa
a oxaxe, ue 51 camoyncrna na mnomn ca cnpsann c rasn
nrpa (30).
Hpnmep sa nnnxnne or nnreparypa nnn xnno.
Pomanrnuna xnnra, pasxasnama nmonna ncropnx,
sanpmnna cc camoyncrno O]nnepr n
xenrnmenr" or Crnnn Cmnr, no xoxro e nanpanen n
]nnm, nornxna noxa rnnexpn, rneann nxxonxo nrn
]nnma, a ce camoynxr.
Manxo cne xaro rnea cmnx ]nnm, n pyr mnoma ce
camoynna.
3apasnnre" camoyncrna
B CAB nma mnoro cnyuan, cnnerencrnamn sa rona uecro
cpemano xnnenne.
Hnano: 8 camoyncrna na mnomn xxa perncrpnpann sa
16 mecena n rasn omnocr n Texcac.
Omaxa: 3a no-manxo or ne cemnnn 5 mnomn or eno n
cmo yunnnme npanxr onnr sa camoyncrno n 3 or rxx
ycnxnar (23).
H na-nonoro, r. nap. naxrone na cmprra": 4 rn
nexpn or Hm xpcn ce camoynnar saeno n rapax
npnmep, nocnenan or ne pyrn noonn camoyncrna n
enn rpa na mr or unxaro.
Tasn r. nap. ennemnx" or camoyncrna cpe mnan xopa
nonnra nnpoca: sapasnrenno nn e camoyncrnoro npn
mnomnre? Bcnuxo nocxasna, ue a (24, 35).
Hpenan1nnnn uepxn
Hsnpanenn npe nce no-rpenoxnnx nponem sa
camoyncrnara cpe mnomnre, nnacrnre xxa npnnyenn a
pearnpar. Hspann ca nxxonxo nrx:
Hpenanrnnnn nenrpone:
B CAB ]ynxnnonnpar 200. C pasnnunn nanmenonannx, re
npecnenar enaxnn nenn: nanpemenna, psa nomom sa
nnnara n onacnocr, enonomno ornopenn rene]onnn nnnnn.
Bcnuxnre ce namnpar no pxonocrnoro na Amepnxancxara
aconnannx no cynnnonornx.
Hscneonarencxn nenrpone no nponemnre na camoy
ncrnoro:
B Henrpa sa xonrpon na onecrnn ccroxnnx anannsnpar
pasnnunnre cnyuan n ce onnrnar a npeornparxr nemacrnxra.
Hannonannnxr nncrnryr sa ncnxnuno spane csana
nscneonarencxa cexnnx no nponemnre na camoyncrnara.
Paspaornane na opasonarennn nporpamn sa npenennnx
n yunnnmara:
Tesn nporpamn, npenasnauenn enonpemenno sa
ponrenn, yunrenn n yuennnn, npenarar cnern n
nn]opmannx: xax a ce pasnosnanar nnnnnnre, cxnonnn
xm camoyncrno, xax a nm ce nomara, xon ca
nncrnrynnnre, xm xonro moxem a ce opnem n raxnna
cnyuan...
Hpenasnanero: a nasonem cmprra
Fpoxr na enpecnnnnre ena, xonro xenaxr a ympar, e no-
snaunrenen, orxonxoro cn npecranxme, samoro re nnxora
nxmar nsmoxnocr a ro xaxar. Morar a nspasxr
ccroxnnero cn enncrneno upes orxas or camoynaxenne:
cyexrr ce npesnpa n r xaro npnema, ue ne sacnyxana
nnmo pyro ocnen npespenne, npesnpa n nnnero, xoero ce
rpnxn sa nero. As cm nano, eno xanxo nano, samo ce
sannmanare c mene?" B raxnna cnyuan nspacrnnre xasnar sa
cee cn: As cm nnmoxecrno", As cm nnnonen sa ncnuxo",
,Karo cn nomncnx xaxno nanpannx! Hemacrnnre mn eunna,
nemacrnnxr mn cnpyr, as rn ynnmoxnx". Maxara nma
uyncrnoro, ue ynnmoxana nnsxnre cn. Ho xoraro nnnm
enara , xonro nsrnexar npexpacno, pasnpame, ue nxma
ocnonanne sa nnmo noono. Henara nerarnnna npecrana e
pesynrar or menanxonnx, or uyncrno sa manonennocr nnn
crpemex xm camopaspymenne nnn camoonnnenne. Taxa
pasnpame, ue rx nma nyxa a ce npesnpa. Hpnunnara
nepoxrno ce xpne ome n ercrnoro ; xoraro ce e ponna,
maxa ne x e xenaena. Maxa na cno pe, rx cmo orxasna
a ce npneme xaro maxa. Tona e nennxr necsnanan naunn
a cnacn enara cn. Manxoro ere cmo nnx-
a naunn a cnacn maxa cn, xaro ce npesnpa: cne xaro rx ne
ro e ncxana, ro ne rpxna a onenee. Axo onenee, ro e nomo
ere, xoero npnunnxna onxa na maxa cn. Maxara, pasnpa
ce, ne ce ocema sa noxara npnunna na neronora
noneenne n ce onnaxna or erero cn: Foxnuxo, rona ere
npann camo enn!" Bcmnocr erero ce onnrna a cnacn
maxa cn or mnnanoro . To opn ne nosnana ceramnara cn
maxa. Tpxna a moxem a uyname rosn nrpemen rnac.
Bcnuxo sanncn or ncnxorepanenra n or noxoa my xm
erero. Koraro ronopnre na cncem manxoro ere, ue
pasnpare, ue ro ncmnocr ncxa a ympe, rona npomenx
ncnuxo. Cne nxxonxo cecnn ce nonyuana xonraxr: Bnxn
cm re ana-rpn nrn n ce nnram ann rn ne ncxam a mn
xaxem, no ne snaem xax, ue n xenan a ympem." To
nenara nn nor-xa cepnosno n ycrnnuxnre my
nompnar. Hponxanam n cmnx cmncn: Axo ncxam a
nponxnm a nnam a me nnxam, as nxma a rn nonpeua
a ympem, no ryx n rasn xma nxma nsmoxnocr a ro
nanpannm, na nposopnnre nma pemerxn n rn ne n morn
a cxounm npes rxx." Horner my nenara ce nacouna xm
nposopena. Tn neue cn onnrnan, nanan cn no crnnmero,
no nnxo ne e paspan, ue cn ro nanpannn napouno,
nanpannn cn ro, samoro cn ncxan a ympem. As cera
pasnpam, ue cn ce onnran a ce xnpnnm..." erero nexo ce
ycmnxna. Ha-cerne nxxo ro e paspan. E, ope, nxma
nnmo nomo n rona a ncxam a mpem, ncnuxn ymnpar, no
nonexe cera cn xnn n ne moxem nsnnnnm xenannero cn,
no-ope e a nopacnem, sa a nsnesem or xcnnre, rorana me
cn cnooen n me moxem a pemnm." Cne xaro ar
paspann, enara npecranar a ce uyncrnar camnuxn n
npenepernarn.
Konxo noxn ce pasnaar sapan erero! enara yxacno
crpaar or rona, r xaro ce uyncrnar nnnonnn. Te nxa
ncxann a cnacxr maxa cn, a cmo n ama cn. Taxa nonaar
n nornxara na xnnora, a cne xaro pasepar, ue c onnra cn a ce
namecxr ca cpxann, ce uyncrnar nnnonnn n nsnaar n enpe-
cnx. Bnmno, norncnarnre ena ca arpecnnnn n cxnonnn xm
camopaspymenne. Mnuannnara n nscnymnama ncnxorepannx
ne moxe a npeoonee nsonannxra n camo sacnnna oruaxnnero
na cyexra, xoro ce rpun. Bxpno e, ue erero nennnarn nma
nyxa a e noxpenxno n rona, xoero nsnnrna. Ho xoraro
nemara ce nspasxnar c nomomra na ymn, a ne c noneenne,
opn ymnre a nnar or nexapx, re npnemar uonemxn
cmncn. B npornnen cnyua e nenonocnmo, samoro e
neuonemxo, neecrecrneno.
3a oeme, roemo npeepua ncuxu:ecrume cu npoo.e+u e
co+amu:uu u eoeopu +a.ro, ou +oe.o oa ce npenop:a
ncuxoopa+a, sauomo npu ue mo uepae c m.omo cu,
usn.uea po. u us.usa om ceoe cu...
Tona e cmoro, xoero npanxr ncnxorepanenrnre c nomomra
na moennpanero: Bsemam napue nnacrennn, ero rarxo rn,
ero maxa rn, rona cn rn, a ero me n men." erero e
ouaponano, npsxara mexy nero n pyrnre oxnnxna. Axo
nnx nanpnmep, ue ro xnpnx na semxra cocrnenara cn
]nrypxa, my xasnam: Tn ncxam a nsxnpnnm cee cn, sa a
re nxma noneue. Torana nxma a nma noneue n rarxo n mama, a
as me cn crox. Hocrannn cn me na mxcroro, xero eme rn,
as cm nmenno nomara, xoxro rpxna a ce yne..." B rosn
momenr onxnoneno enara sanounar nexnuxo a ce
ycmnxnar. He, sanncn..." ercxara ncnxorepannx e nxno
nsxycrno. He mncnx, ue nm nomarame, xaro npncnnname n
nsxrname a nasonem onona, or xoero re crpaar, ocranxxn
rn a xnnexr c nensxasanoro. He nna nnxora a ro onycxame,
samoro enn en ro me nsnnyna no pamarnuen naunn.
Moxem a nomornem camo axo namepnm ymn sa
nsrnacxnanoro.
Aro ueusrasauomo ocmaue crpumo oo cmaou ua
muouecmeomo, +uoeo mpvouo ue ooe oa eo usropeuu+.
Moxe n sarona mnoro mnomn pascxanar sa
camoyncrnoro no nopmanen n spanomncnem naunn,
oxaro sa pyrn resn mncnn ce npenpmar n onecr. Mncnnre
sa camoyncrno ca or c]epara na nopaxennero, a
xenannero nanc-
rnna a ro nsnpmnm e onecrno. Ipannnara e rnpe
ennxarna.
3a npeono:umaue e +ore ou oa ce eoeopu no-omrpoeeuo
sa c+pmma u omuoueuuemo r+ ue c muouu, roumo u+am
npoo.e+u.
Crana yma sa cmpr xaro xpa na ncnuxo, xoero cme nnn
npen rona... Bspacrnnre, xonro ce crpemxr a sapanxr sa
cmprra na pyrnre, ne x noxasnar n ome no-manxo ronopxr sa
nex... Te x macxnpar, npnxpnnar ncrnnara. Koraro nacrnn
rparenxra n crane xcno, ue mnanxr uonex e ncxan a ce
camoyne, ponrennre ncxar na ncxxa nena a nxpnar, ue rona
e nemacren cnyua. B ecrnnrennocr, opn axo nxma nannno
npeymnmneno ecrnne, xecrr e pesynrar or necsnanano
xenanne sa camoyncrno, or onnr a ce cnexr n eno
peannocr n ]anrasnx.
Hauume oaou u oooeu ca uu pasrasea.u :ecmo sa oea
,.vou e.aeu ", uspas, romo ee:e poro vnompeoea+e
opn n a ne ca nnn ncrnncxn ananrmpncrn, enara
noemann nxxaxn pncx na nrpa. Ponrennre ce rpenoxenn, axo
nxxoe or enara nm nno manxo nya rnana. Onacnnre nrpn"
ca uacr or ena ormnnana enoxa. B nemno npeme
rnnexpnre xaro ue nn nsnnrnar nxxaxna ymopa, r. e.
opn resn, xonro ne ca napxomann, nnro npecrnnnnn,
nsrnexar sarnopenn n mnuannnn. Te xaro ue nn ce nnauar n
xnnora cn, ena ycnxnar a ce cnpanxr c yunnnme, ena. Hxmar
xcna npecrana samo ca na rasn semx. Hnmo ne rn mornnnpa.
Ponrennre ce onnaxnar: erero nn e xaro cpnnaro. To
(nnn rx) ne ronopn nnmo." Hxma nemo, xoero a nm npann
nneuarnenne, re ca nannno opxann, ne snaxr xax a ce
pxar, xaxno a xaxar. Fespasnnune, npornnononoxno na
nmonra. Ompasara, xoxro ce e npoxnxnana nxxora, n cnennre,
xonro nxxon rnnexpn nce ome npanxr na ponrennre cn,
ca nspas na npeopnara nmon. H nnpexn ncnuxo rasn
ompasa e nna ]nxcnpana npxy ponrennre, oxaro
noneennero, xoero nanmaname cera, ne
e ]nxcnpano n nnmo: ponrennre nxmar cronocr n rexnnxr
cocrnen xnnor neue cmo. Hsryeno e xenannero.
KPAXFATA
Hxxon maxn nornxnar enara cn xm xpaxa, xaro
cnoenxr, ue ronemnre marasnnn npennxar cymn sa
xomnencnpane na xpaxnre or manonere. Tnnexpnre
sanounar a xpaar opn n a nmar napn n cee cn. Taxa re
morar c yononcrnne a comxr na ponrennre cn: Bnxam
nn, ue ne nnnex xonnre cn napn, nmam ome." Rnomecxara
npecrnnocr e camoyncrneno noneenne, n xoero ce
cuerana orxas or ecrnnrennocrra, crpemex xm necna
neuana n npensnnxarencrno. Manxnre nep]exrnn" xpaxn
cora neuep ca nnmenn or xpnmnnannn noyn, no ce
sannamar cxno. Bnnennero, epornunoro nanpexenne, xonro
rn cnrcrnar, nomarar na mnomnre a sapanxr sa mnr
oreruennero nnn crpaxa or xnnora. Te nxmar nnmo omo c
esnxycnoro ycnoxonrenno, xoero nenarpr nm e
npenncnan n pannoro ercrno.
Maprnn, 18-ronmna, cnoenx: Karo enoxa rneax na
xpaxara xaro na npnxnmuenne n nensnecrnoro, cpecrno a
npemnnem nxxon rpannnn, a nsnesem or xoxara cn n a ce
nanoxnm."
H+a ee:e ncuxu:ecru cmpvrmvpu.
Hnncara na connannoncnxonornuecxn npsxn e xapaxrepna
sa mnomecrnoro. Tx e ecrecrnena. B npnnx cn uac
saponmr cmo nxma nsrpaena crpyxrypa. Fes nomom ro
n sarnnan. Heoxonma my e ronnnna n rpnxa.
Honopoenoro me ympe, axo e nsocraneno. Cmoro ce
ornacx n sa mnomara, xoro ce oxasna sarpen or
omecrnoro, r xaro neue nxma nnmo omo c rona, xoero e
nn npen. Ponnxara ne moxe a nanpann nnmo noneue sa
eero cn. Tx e npexaneno nsromena, rpxna a cnn, a
axymepxara n cecrpara x samecrnar. Cmoro
ce ornacx n sa ponrennre na mnomara. Te ne morar a
nanpanxr nnmo noneue n ca n marona cnryannx, es nsxo.
Xopara, xonro rn saonxanxr xpcrnnnn, unuonnn nnn nenn,
nxa mornn a nomornar n rosn cran. Hemara c mnomnre
norprnar, xoraro ce namecxr pyrn nnna, no ne n
ponrennre.
C +.aoume, roumo use.eroam uan.uo oespas.u:uu, ou
+oe.o oa ce onuma npro u.u roceeuo oa ce paseoeap sa
rueoma u c+pmma. More ou ue ce no:vecmeam no-ooope
pasopauu.
Ecrecrneno. Hxxon rnnexpn ycnxnar a nspasxr
ecrnnrennoro cn xenanne. Axo ncnxonorr ro nonnra:
,Mncnnn nn cn nxxora a ympem?", mnomara orronapx: Ta
as camo sa rona mncnx!" A xaxno rn npeun?" Tosn nnpoc me
ornpnmn ncnuxo: Kaxno rn npeun a ro nanpannm? Crpax
me e. Pasxaxn mn sa rnox crpax, or xaxno ce crpaxynam?
Amn crpax me e or rona, xoero e cne cmprra. u H
xaxno mncnnm, ue moxe a nma cne rona?" Taxa ro
nornxnare a ronopn sa cnonre ]anrasnn, xonro ro
npexnnxna xaro na xnno opasn or pennrnosnnx xnu,
xnoncxn ncropnn, martocnnuecrna, cyenepnx.
Maxnre ce crpaxynar mnoro a sacxrar remara sa
xenannero sa cmpr, raxa xaxro ce crpaxynar a npnsnaxr, ue
ne ca ncxann erero. Axo nxxo ce onnrna a pasncxna rosn
nnpoc, re xasnar: Ox, a ne ronopnm sa rona!" Te ce
crpaxynar, ue camoro nponsnacxne na ymara camoyncrno
n morno a ce npenpne n npensnnxarencrno. Bepoxrnocrra
a crane raxa e 1:2. Taxana onacnocr oaue ne cmecrnyna,
axo pasronopr ce nponee or nxxo nnmen uonex, sa xororo
erero snae, ue nxma a cnoenn xasanoro c ponrennre my.
3a nero e mnoro naxno a pasunra na nnna ncxpernocr or
crpana na nenxra, na xpcrnnnara nnn na aara. enara nmar
nyxa or aa, xoxro ymee a mnun. B rasn rpyna nspacr
na npomxna re ce nyxaxr or mnuannno yxo, npe xoero ne
nxa ce crecnxnann a ronopxr, yeenn, ue ca onuann n
pasnpann n crpaannero cn. Hann n nenepyara ce paxa or
xaxanna. Cpan-
nennero e ymecrno oronxona, oxonxoro n nonopoenoro ce
paxa sa non xnnor, xaro nanycxa sannnarn maunnara cn
yrpoa. Rnomara ce coryna c ercrnoro no cmnx naunn.
To e xaro n xaxanna, ne moxe a cnoenn nnmo c nnxoro,
,npxn" ce na rnx orn. Axo pasrnopnre xaxannara, me
nnnre camo noa. Rnomara rprna or nyna n ymnre sa nero
nxmar neue npenmnnx cmncn a onuam ne osnauana nnmo
,a re onuar e nce eno a rn ocaxar, ponrennre mn me
onuar, re mn ocaxar, enar me n me npecnenar." a
onuam osnauana a xenaem nxxoro ]nsnuecxn: Mpcornx,
sannx na momnue... n rosn rnn, xoro ncxa a me onaae
orsa..." Tona ca opasnre, npxy xonro ce ]nxcnpa mnomara.
,As cm neepacr... He cranam neue sa nnmo..." Konxo
rnnexpn mncnxr, ue ca xomocexcyanncrn, ocoeno axo
npnrncnarn n rnna, ca ce nsynnn nexo npn onnp c nxxo
cno npcrnnx! Te. nce ome ne ca n ccroxnne a pasnnuar
epexnnxra or xenannero nno na nmonna nsya. 3a
cxanenne nxma nnxo naoxono a rn ycnoxon, a noronopn c
rxx no resn nnpocn, a rn ocnoon or uyncrnoro nm sa nnna.
BTEmETO HA OHEAEAHTE CAMOYBHHHH
Hsnpmena e perpocnexrnnna anxera npxy 265 cnyuax
na camoynnn or 12- o 22-ronmna nspacr, nacranenn n
ercxo-mnomecxo orenenne na ncnxnarpnunara onnnna
,Cannerpnep" mexy 1971 n 1980 r. Cepnosnocrra na nnunnre
n cemennre nm nponemn nsnnyna npn anannsa na
nannenrnre. Hscnenanero orunra nponxnrennocrra n nna
na npenoxenoro neuenne, pennnnnre, connanno-
npo]ecnonannoro aanrnpane, cemennre ornomennx n
ceramnoro ncnxnuno ccroxnne. Cne 11 ronnn n nononnna
or nsnncnanero nm xxa orxpnrn 48 % or nannenrnre.
Pesynrarnre ca rpenoxnn: camo 1 na 5 xnnee nopmanno,
ncnxnuno onnn ca 31 %, noneuero nponxanar a ca n nnen
na mnomecxnre cn nepaspeme-
nn nponemn, ocaxarnnn nennx nm xnnor. Or rxx camo nxxon
ca nponxnnn neuennero cn amynaropno. Cmecrnyna
crarncrnuna xopenannx mexy no-nomnx pesynrar n
cpannenne c npornosara, aena n mnomecxa nspacr, or ena
crpana, n npexcnanero na npenncannre xoncynrannn npn
nsnncnanero, or pyra. Taxa ocxannre n cpannenn cc
cmecrnynamara nnreparypa no rosn nnpoc pesynrarn
noxasnar, ue rpxna a ce npann ncnuxo nsmoxno a ce
sanasn repanenrnunara npsxa c mnomara cne nsnnsanero
my or onnnna
Pesmue o1 ox1opcxa ncep1annn no uennnna
na r-aa Ipanynan, opnna1op na onnnnn1e
npn Mennnncxnn qaxyn1e1 Aopnoasnep
Cen-Aync n Hapna, 1987 r
icf:c u ,uc:c:c c:~t~~u~
Cnopeo eouu a+epuraucru .erap re.auuemo sa
ca+ovoucmeo v muouama u+a ueuo cpoouo c oecmeomo
4
.
Tona e, raxa a ce xaxe, xrcrno n cee cn. Fxrcrno orn
rpannnnre na onuanoro noneenne. Bcexn mnoma
nensexno ]anrasnpa npxy camoyncrnoro. Tona e nemo
nopmanno, r xaro e n c]epara na nopaxennero. Fonecrno
e xenannero a ycnee nancrnna.
Koraro ]anrasnxra e nnso o ecrnnrenno
ocmecrnxnane na axra, xaro ue nn camoynenr crana
esnonono cmecrno n saryna ncxxaxn pyr nnrepec. To
npexnnxna ornono nemo or onasn nnnca na xenanne, xoxro
noosnpa, ue ca nsnnrnann ponrennre my, xoraro ce e paxan.
He ncnuxn camoynnn" ocmecrnxnar rasn cnox ]anrasnx.
Tesn, xonro crnrar oxpa n namepennero cn, ca nnn
yeenn, ue ca nsnnmnn n cemecrnoro. Te ce uyncrnar ena
nn ne nnnonnn, ue ca ce ponnn. Vcemar nnnara, xoraro
]anrasmr sa camoy-ncrno rn ocena, n sanounar a
rnear na peannsannxra my
4 Ba Hpnnoaenne 2 Bnrc1na1a na mnomn1e'
xaro na npensnnxarencrno. Ocmecrnxnanero na rosn axr
nrpemno me rn yonnernopn c yononcrnnero, xoero me
nanpanxr na maxara, or onona npeme, xoraro rx ne e
nsnnrana macrne or rxxnoro paxane. Heoxonmo e
cennenne na resn na enemenra, sa a ce ocmecrnn
camoynnmoxnrennnxr axr.
More .u oa ce mepou, :e :vecmeomo sa nvcmoma
npeouseurea ca+ovoucmeeuu arm?
a. To nna ome or paxanero. Maxap ue nnxo ne my ro
e xasan, ne e nmano xo a ce sapana, xoraro ce e noxnnn na
xn cnxr. 3aneuarano ce e noxo n ymara my.
B momenra na camoyncrnoro ro e nexenan. Bcnuxo ce
pasnnna cc csnannero, ue nnncna n na-manx nu naexa,
paocr n nmon xm nero. Koraro cn npecranx cnoero
camoyncrno, mnomara nsnnrna nemo xaro yononcrnne
or nnacrra npxy cee cn. 3anara xnnora cn. Ha 1516-
ronmna nspacr ornomennero xm cmprra e mnoro no-
pasnnuno, orxonxoro na 78 ronnn. erero npnema cmprra
xaro nemo ecrecrneno. Tx e nemo, xoero ro cnrcrna, es ro
a x rpcn. Rnomara ce onnxnxna or mncnra sa cmprra n
or mxara na nnsxnre, na xonro me nnncna. 3a erero
camoyncrnoro e pncx, onnr c opeona na npnxnmuennero.
Rnomara ro npexnnxna xaro rpayp sa cnoero ercrno n sa
cnox naunn na cmecrnynane.
B cmoro npeme ro e xaro nocranrnx no nemo, c xoero me
ce pasenn. Axo sanoune a nxpna, ue nnxo nxma a ce
pascrpon or neronoro nsuesnane n ue nnxo n ercrnoro my
ne e npnan cmncn na cmecrnynanero my c nmonra cn xm
nero, nma ecrnnrenno onacnocr cne nsnecrno npeme na
]anrasnpane na camoyncrnoro cn (xoero ne my ocranx
opn yononcrnnero na nocranrnx no cmecrno, xoero n
cxanxnano sa nero) a npemnne xm ecrnne.
More .u oa ce mepou, :e oeme, pooeuo c.eo
npomueosa:am:eu nponvcr, e npeopasno.oreuo r+
ca+ovoucmeo?
Maxnre nsxrnar a npanxr npnsnanne no rosn nnpoc.
Te axe cmxrar, ue e nomo opn a ca cn ro nomncnxnn.
Bcmnocr ne e nnro nomo, nnro xyano. Axo ce cnoenn c
erero, ro ne camo nxma a nsnnra nnxaxna onxa, no me ce
nouyncrna noymeneno. ope nanpann, ue ce pon, oxasa
ce no-cnnen or xenannero mn a nxmam ena." Henepoxrno e
xonxo oxpnneno ce uyncrna or rona erero. Fnn cm no-
cnnen or mama, snaen cm xaxno ncxam. 3naen cm, ue mama
ne n morna a xenae moxra cmpr, nnpexn ue raxa ce e
crpynano. Bcmnocr nnnarn cm ncxan a xnnex nanyx, a ne
a ympa, xaxro xasnax npen."
Hcnxorepannx sa orxnpnenn ena: Cne xaro ne cn
ympxn, oxaro pyrn na rnoe mxcro nxmame a onenexr, rn
cn mnoro no-cnnen or ocranannre. Tn cn npeoonxn
opxanocrra na maxa cn n cn ocnrypnn noromcrno na ama
cn, xoro ne e pasnpan xaxno ncxa."
Onnrare nn ce a naxapare mnomara a ce nouyncrna
orronopen sa cee cn, xaro my oxcnnre, ue e nponannn
manenpnre, c xonro ca ce onnrnann a my nonpeuar a ce xnn
na xn cnxr, ne my nxnare ycrounnocr sa ncnuxo.
Or pyra crpana, opn ponrennre my a ca ro nsocrannnn,
xnnorr ro onua. uecro nxxoe mnao momnue nnn xena ce
rpnxn sa nero n ro onua. Cnyunano mn ce e a ce opmam
xm nxxoe ee or xcnn c ymnre: Bnx, Hnsa (cecrpara) ce
uyncrna mnoro nemacrna, xoraro rn cn onen. 3arona me
nomonnxa a ce norpnxa sa re. Tyx rn cn onuan nmenno
samoro cn rn, a ne samoro cn ere or xcnara." Maxa rn e
nmana npnunnn a mncnn, ue nxma npano a onua ere, no rn
snaem, ue rx e nmana nyxa a re pon."
enara, na xonro nsxrnar a ronopxr sa neycnemnnre
onnrn a ar npemaxnarn upes aopr, cranar enpecnnnn n
neycrounnn sapan nonnmenara cn rpenoxnocr.
a nsemem npnmepa na ena maxa, xoxro nanpasno ce
onnrnana a aoprnpa c nnxexnnn. Fpemennocrra ce sanasna.
Ho npeme na pacrexa erero na momenrn nsnaa n ccroxnne
na nnna ornycnarocr, npn xoero ne pearnpa na onecrnre.
Tona crana n 8-nx n 9-nx mecen, r. e. cnnaa c pemanamnre
mecenn sa pemennocrra.
Menann Knan ronopn sa anaxnnrnuna enpecnx
5
na ocmnx
mecen, no rona nennnarn e rouno. Ha 8 mecena ncxxo nenenaue
npexnnxna ornono 8-nx mecen or yrponnx cn xnnor c
nnnennxra na maxara, raxnna, xaxnnro ca nnn re n momenra na
nsnocnanero. Axo maxara e nsnnrnana rpenora n xpax na
pemennocrra cn, erero nma rpynocrn n 8-nx cn mecen:
nanpnmep ocrp pnno]apnnrnr. Axo ce pasnnra maxara sa
nponemnre, xonro e nmana npes 8-nx mecen or pemennocrra cn,
cne xoero re ce oxcnxr na eero, enpecnxra my nsuesna
nenara.
Feerara, unnro maxn ca nmann narononyuna pemennocr,
xonro ne ca ce crpaxynann or camoro paxane n sa xonro erero
e nno xenano n ouaxnano c nmon, nsomo ne npanxr
anaxnnrnuna enpecnx. Tpenorara na maxara npen paxanero
n cne paxanero e nemo, sa xoero rx ne nocn nnxaxna nnna.
Taxnna nnnennx ce cpemar mnoro uecro n name npeme, xoraro
n noneuero cnyuan maxnre nxma na xoro a ce onepxr.
Tpeeoeama, npeouecmea.a paroauemo, +ore .u oa ooe
oocueuue sa uere.auuemo ua muouama oa ce sauu+aea
oopu c moea, sa roemo u+a ma.aum u roemo ou +v oouec.o
npusuauue?
Bnnarn n noneennero na erero moxe a ce namepn nemo,
xoero e nonropenne na npexnnxnoro n mnnanoro. B
amepnxancxnx ]nnm ,Oouruoeeuu xopa" ne momuera
nsnnsar na pasxoxa c xopaue. Crana xopaoxpymenne n no-
ronxmoro ce yanx. Onenxna manxoro. Hanara ce
nscranonnrenna ncnxorepannx, samoro ro ne ncxa a
nponxn a xnnee cne cnyunnoro ce. Cmxra, ue nxma
npano. Vmnpa par my, a ne ro. B neronnre oun par my
nnnarn e nn no-nncoxo onenxnan.
B ouomo ua +uoeo ueuacmuu c.v:au ce rpue pucroeo
noeeoeuue u.u uepa cc c+pmma. Te ueeuuaeu ca pesv.mam
om
5 Anaxnnrnuna enpecnx cnxynnocr or ncnxonornuecxn cmymennx npn erero,
orxcnaro or maxara, cne xaro e npexapano npnnre mecenn or xnnora cn
nopmanno saeno c nex F np
uenoxeamuocm u.u ueeerecmeo, a :ecmo c.eocmeue om
oe+oucmpau ua xpaopocm u.u npeouseurame.cmeo.
Cne xaro naunnr, no xoro xnnexr, ne nm xapecna,
mnanre ne nnxar samo rpxna a xnnexr na ncxxa nena.
Henpexcnaroro rnacxane xm nonn pexopn n nocrnxennx ce
cnponoxa c npexanen mym n mennre.
3ananoro omecrno neue ne npenara cnyxa n nmero na
oreuecrnoro, nnro e rorono a nsnarpaxana onacen rpy,
xoro n nxnan camoynepenocr na mnanre. Ieponunoro
noneenne moxe a e pesynrar camo or nnnnnyanen
nsop. Or pyra crpana, n nxxon mmcmnmancxn crpann ce
non nponarana, xoxro nornxna mnanre xm
camoyncrno.
Crana raxa, ue neue cnoncopn ocnrypxnar nsnarpaxennx
sa noer pncx. Excnennnnre oranna ne ca nremecrnnxra,
nsnnnenn c nensnecrnocr, sa xonro ce norernx c
enonocouen nner n xo xaxro n c xaxnoro namepn.
3anpmanero e ocnrypeno. Bcnuxn mepxn sa cnrypnocr ca
nsern, nxnmunrenno n nomom npn nponan, cnemnn cnacnrennn
onepannn, exnnnponxa cc cnrnannn paxern...
Or mnomecxn xrcrna aneunnre nrynannx oranna ca ce
npenpnann n naunnannx sa spenn mnan xopa, nsncxnamn ce-
pnosna nororonxa n xnann]nxannx, na-manxoro
pxononren. Cnoncopnpannre excnennnn ne morar a
saononxr crpemexa na rnnexpa xm pncx. Orryx n
cxnonnocrra my a nsmncnn neonxnonenn npemexnx n a
npensnnxna no pyr naunn cmprra.
Bcnuxo e npexaneno cxno... npexaneno nsncxano. Hxma ro
onona npnnnexarenno n nenpecxasyemo npnxnmuenne, sa xo,
ero norernxxa nama-rpnma npnxrenn.
AKPOFATCTBO
Hnpxonoro yunnnme e nomarano na mnomn a nsnxsar or
xpnsncnn cnryannn, yuexn rn a noemar pncxone n a pasn-
par oxe ce npocrnpar nsmoxnocrnre nm. Hemacrnn
cnyuan ne e nmano.
Mnanre xopa rpennpar nsnn cemecrnara cn, no n
ncenocemena rpyna. Taxa re ce nayuanar na rpnnmocr xm
pyrnre, a uyncrnoro, ue npmar nemo nnrepecno, nm nomara
a nonacxr no-nexo rexecrra na omnre nsnnrannx. Hnpxr
crnmynnpa nnnnna a npensmorna cocrnenara cn
cnpornna, sacnnna copasnrennocrra my, yun ro na
ronepanrnocr. Cmecrnynar om nnrepec n oma nen. Enn
ocoen crnn na xnnor, manxo ecrernsnpan, nonynnemenen,
nonycemeen, ne es epornxa.
Ornomennero xm cmprra
,Kare ucrau oa cmaueu?" Puouume, :umo omeoeop e
,.erap", ue ca .u npeou ecu:ro uuoueuou, roumo noua:a.o
usnumeam cmpax om c+pmma?
Te x onpnnnuanar na nanau. Crpaxynar ce or cmprra, no
nsnnrnar cmo raxa cancrnuno nneuenne xm nex. Karo
nexynar n cnacxnar xopa, re ce opxr cpemy npnonauannoro
cn xenanne a ynnar. Hma ocra nanexrnxa n rona.
Honxxora nooen crpemex e nspas na naropocrno, no n
pyrn cnyuan npnnnnoro nennxoymne nma sa nen a norymn
necsnanana arpecnnnocr.
More .u muoua ua 1516 eoouuu oa ooe a.mpvucm?
He nnxam xe e anrpynsmr. Mncnx, ue crana yma sa
naunn a ce npoexrnpam n pyrnre, xaro pasnosnanam cee cn
n rxx. pyrnxr cmecrnyna sa nxxoro, samoro rosn nxxo e
nspan a ce npoexrnpa n nero. 3a a ce pon pyrnxr n namero
csnanne, rpxna a cme cn nocrannnn npen rona nnpoca sa
neronara cmpr. Koraro na 1516 ronnn nn xasnar: Hcxam a
crana nexap", rona e nspas na xenanne sa no-op nanor cc
cmprra, onnr sa camosamnra or cancrnuen nmnync.
IHABA EHHAECETA
BCEKH CTC CBO HAPKOTHK
uAHBHB PAH H HCEBOIPVHH
Rnomnre n napxomannxra
Ho cnera
B nocnennre ecer ronnn snoynorpeara c napxornnn
cpe mnanre xopa ce npenpna n cepnosen nponem n noneue-
ro nnycrpnannn pxann.
Hoxnnna ce npes 60-re ronnn n CAB, napxomannxra
sannaxna pso ocranannre sanann crpann. Or 1970 r. rx ce
pasnpocrpanxna mnpoxo cpe mnaexnre. Enn or na-sacer-
arnre crpann ca: Bnennx, annx, Ancrpannx, Iepmannx,
Bnenapnx, Hrannx, Bennxopnrannx n upannnx, a
nanocnex Hcnannx n Hopryrannx.
Mnoro e rpyno nnn nourn nensmoxno a ce nonyuar
Hpecrannrennn nn]pn sa ynorpeara na napxornnn or
mnomnre. Moxem a ce nosonaname enncrneno na annn or
nonnnecxnre nnacrn (xon]ncxannn na napxornnn, apecrn n
cmprnn cnyuan or npeosnpane), crarncrnxn, xm xonro ne-
Knnarn rpxna a ce ornacxme c nnno onepne (12, 7)'.
Bcxxa pxana nsxrna a ornacxna annn sa pannnmero
na roxcnxomannxra n nex, a, or pyra crpana, cnoxnocrra na
mponema c napxornnnre ne nn nosnonxna a pasepem
ecrnnrennnx po roxcnxomann cpe mnomnre. Ocnen rona
rpx-
i Hn]pnre n cxon ce ornacxr o nnnorpa]nxra na crp. 299
na a ce nma npenn, ue cmecrnynar pasnnunn crann na
napxomannx: necncremna ynorpea, snoynorpea n
sanncnmocr. Hensmoxno e na npaxrnxa a ce onpeenn poxr
na sacernarnre nn ncexn cran. Heoxonmo e cmo raxa
a ce npann pasnnxa mexy pasnnunnre napxornunn
nemecrna: r. nap. mexn" n rnpn" napxornnn n p.
Ennemnonornxra na napxomannnre e nayxa, xoxro nce
ome ne e nanpenana ocraruno, raxa ue na rosn eran ca
onncann camo nxxon renennnn n ynorpeara na napxornunn
nemecrna (8). Tpancrpannunnxr xapaxrep na nponema
nornxna nxxon npannrencrna or sacernarnre crpann, xaxro n
mnoro oprannsannn n nncrnrynnn, a npornnoecrnar na
rasn nanacr (6, 10).
Mepxnre sa opa c napxomannxra nmar sa nen a
npeornparxr n a namanxr nerarnnnnre nocnennn or
ynorpeara na napxornnn. Ha npno mxcro, xaro
nn]opmnpar oexrnnno mnanre xopa sa onacnocrnre, xaro
nxnmunar n yunnnmnnre nporpamn cnennannn nexnnn npxy
snoynorpeara c napxornunn nemecrna n npxy
xapaxrepncrnxnre na pasnnunnre napxornnn, xaro ce
onnrnar a noopxr ycnonnxra sa xnnor na mnanre
(npenarane na spanocnonnn sannmannx nsnn mecrara,
xero ce pasnpocrpanxnar pornre).
E]nxacnocrra na resn mepxn n no-cnennanno
opasonarennnre npenanrnnnn nporpamn ca npemer na
pasropemenn cnopone. B nxxon crpann naenxna mnennero,
ue npenanrnnnnxr noxo camo sanouana nponema, r
xaro npexanenara rnacnocr nornxna mnanre a
excnepnmenrnpar. pyrae ce nanara npornnononoxnoro
mnenne n nonsa na npocnerara cpemy snoynorpeara c
napxornnn. ocera oaue ne ca npanenn nnxaxnn cepnosnn
onnrn sa oxasnane na enara nnn pyrara resa.
Enonpemenno c npenasnnre mepxn nn ncnuxn crpann ce
csanar nenrpone sa neuenne na napxomann. Pasnnunnre
pxann nsnpnemar pasnnuna ]nnoco]nx. Hxxon
npenounrar nenpexrnnnn meron na neuenne n
npenasnane, oxaro py-
rn ce oxnxnar sa npnpxane xm mnoro crporn npannna c
nepcnexrnna repannx na omecrnoro.
CAB
4armu u uqpu
Hpes nocnenoro ecernnerne e ycranoneno pamarnuno
ynennuenne na snoynorpea c napxornnn or mnan
amepnxannn (17).
Kaxro noueprana Ho xoncrn, npexrop na
Hncrnryra sa connannn nscnenannx, n nnro ena
nnycrpnanna crpana ne e orenxsan raxn nncox nponenr na
mnaexn, npnxrnamn o napxornnn (34).
onnrnannxra o omecrnenoro mnenne n
crarncrnuecxnre annn noxasnar, ue cpe paspemennre n
sapanennre napxornunn nemecrna, ynorpexnann or
amepnxannnre, anxoxonr e na npno mxcro, cnenan
nenocpecrneno or mapnxyanara, crnmynnpamnre
menxamenrn (am]eramnnn), xoxanna n naxpax ocranannre
napxornnn.
3a nepnoa 19751980 r. cmecrnyna omo napacrnane
na snoynorpeara c pasnnunn napxornnn; or 1980 r. nacam
Tenennnxra na ynennuanane, nsrnexa, sanouna a ce
ycnoxoxna n opn ce saenxsna namanxnane na ynorpeara na
nxxon nemecrna. nec nanpnmep ycranonxname namanena
ynorpea na mapnxyana cpe mnomnre, no sa cmerxa na rona
nnacrnre ca pasrpenoxenn or pasnpocrpanennero na nona
npeuncrena ]opma na xoxanna, napeuena xpex" (22, 25).
Hpu:uuu sa s.ovnompeoa c uapromuu npu
muueoripume u noc.eouume sa mx.
Rnomecrnoro e ocoeno pncxon nepno sa pasnnrne na
Hapxomannx: rpenoxnocrra n ]nsnuecxnxr ncxom]opr,
xapaxrepnn sa rasn nspacr, ocoennxr pnryan n marnuecxnxr
opeon oxono napxornnnre, connannnxr narncx n mnomecxnre
rpynn, crpemexr xm nenrn]nxannx... nce ]axropn, xonro
nornxnar mnomara a excnepnmenrnpa. H nce nax rpxna a
ce npann pasnnxa mexy mnomn, xonro ce "pornpar" or
nmonnrcrno, n mnaexn, xonro exenenno ynorpexnar
napxornunn nemecrna n ne morar a ce nnmar or rxx. Tesn
mnan xopa na-uecro no ]nnanconn npnunnn" crnrar o
nacnnne, o nanycxan8 na yunnnme, o npocrnrynnx n
rpronnx c napxornnn (33).
He:euue u npeeeuu
3noynorpeara c napxornnn cpe mnomnre cnnno nnnyna
amepnxancxara omecrnenocr.
Cnope nxxon anropn (5) nannonannara nonnrnxa no
ornomenne na pasnpocrpanennero na napxornnn or 1960 r.
nacam sa cxanenne camo sanouana nponema.
Csanar ce nscneonarencxn nncrnrynnn sa opa c rona
ecrnne. Hpes 60-re ronnn nsnnxnar n n ronemnre, n n
manxnre rpaone nenrpone sa nonomarane. B namn nn re
neue ca mnoro na po n npenarar pasnoopasnn ]opmn na
nomom.
Or pyra crpana, n yunnnmara xxa nneenn
opasonarennn nporpamn. CAB ca enncrnenara crpana c
raxnna uacone n nauannoro yunnnme. Bce ome ne e oxasana
e]nxacnocrra na noonn nexnnn. Hma cnennanncrn, xonro
opn rnpxr, ue re camo yrexnxnar nponema (4).
Hpes 1985 r. nxxon yunnnma ce onnraxa a nnear
recrone sa orxpnnane na snoynorpea c napxornnn n anxoxon.
Cne ypnn cnopone re xxa orxnpnenn (27).
porara xaro cpecrno sa cmexuanane
na npannre
Cnopeo usc.eoeaue om 1988 e., ocuecmeeuo om erun ua
Hauoua.uu uucmumvm sa sopaee u +eouuucru npov:eauu
epxv sopaeemo ua muouume ee 4pauu, oceeu
vnompeoama ua ncuxomponuu eeuecmea npuoeeauemo oo
opoeu u a.roxo. (ueporo u e ro+ouuau usr.m:ume.uo
onaceu rorme.) sano:ea oa ce cpeua ece no-:ecmo. Emo
rareo noraseam uqpume: o.uso eouo ua oee +o+:ema u eouo
ua mpu-:emupu +o+u:ema nvuam ua-+a.ro no oecem
ueapu oueeuo, a 21 % om oeeorume u 52 % om muouume
roucv+upam peooeuo a.roxo.. Hpu ecu:ru c.v:au ce
saoe.sea meuoeuu oa ce ese+am cu.uu oosu, roemo
ceuoeme.cmea sa cr.ouuocm r+ morcuro+auu.
Hoooouo ua espacmuume, roumo raseam ue omuoa oa
ce uampcra+ " u.u cmpaxomuo ce uacemrax ", :vea+e eu oa
cnooe.m uaopvcax ce", npuopax ce opvcau", uo e mesu
C.v:au cmaea ov+a sa xauuu. Mo+u:emama no-:ecmo om
+o+:emama sano:eam oa eoeopm sa urarea ocooeua
v+opa, romo usnumeam. On.aream ce, :e cum ue eu
om+opea oocmam:uo. Cmpaoam om acmeuu
(ncuxoqusu:ecra ueoocmam:uocm), om anamu.
Mncnx, ue onnaxnannxra nmar ncnxocomarnuen xapaxrep.
Hanpasnn ycnnnx, cxyxa, a cxyxara paxa rpenoxnocr.
Oruaxnn n ocranenn camn na cee cn, na nrpemnnre cn
xon]nnxrn, re ce uyncrnar nsnpasnenn, naxpax na cnnnre cn.
yxonnara eneprnx n openocrra ce xanxnar camo npn
cncx c nnmnn npenxrcrnnx xnrecxn nnanone n
connannn npoexrn. Omo nsero, momnuerara ca no-manxo
enpecnnnn or momuerara.
Hsc.eooeame.ume om Hauoua.uu uucmumvm sa sopaee
u +eouuucru npov:eauu ee 4pauu vcmauoeeam, :e
+o+:emama c +uoeo no-eo.+o uacmpeeuue npuoeeam oo
ncuxomponuu eeuecmea, a.roxo. uu uapromuu ramo uspas
ua +recmeeuocm oe.eoa.eu oopas ua +recmeeuocmma.
or.aom sar.m:aea: Mo+:emama u +o+u:emama ce
uoeumuquupam cc coua.uu oopas ua ceo no.,
+o+:emama usoupam uv+uomo u aepecueuo noeeoeuue,
omeoeapuo ua coua.uama npeocmaea sa +recmeeuocm,
+o+u:emama
c.eoeam oopasa ua nacueuama reucmeeuocm, uspas ua
roemo ca co+amu:uume u+ on.areauu u ccpeoomo:aeaue
ua euu+auuemo u+ epxv m.omo cu Hsc.eooeame.ume
vcmauoeeam, :e npecmnuume oeuu ca +uoeo no-:ecmo
cpeuauo e.euue npu +o+:emama, ooramo npu +o+u:emama
qusu:ecromo uacu.ue ce uao.moaea +uoeo no-poro. 3a
c+emra ua moea npu +o+u:emama no-:ecmo, omro.romo npu
+o+:emama ce cpeuam c.v:au ua qvuruoua.uu c+vueuu,
rarmo u roucv+upaue ua ncuxomponuu .erapcmea, m. uap.
vcnoroume.uu +eoura+eumu mpaureu.aumu. Tara me
cmueam oo sar.m:euuemo, c npaeo u.u ue, :e uv+uomo u
aepecueuo noeeoeuue e no-xaparmepuo sa +o+:emama,
ooramo +o+u:emama ca no-nacueuu.
Momuerara nspasxnar rpenoxnocrra cn upes nacouena
nann arpecnx, a momnuerara, xaro cnexar o nyna
]nsnonornuecxoro cn ]ynxnnonnpane. Hpnunnara e, ue
mnomnre or nara nona ne ca n ccroxnne a sanoxar na
ncrnncxara spenocr nononara. Honeennero nm
cornercrna na ]asara na narenrnocr (nx. . crp. 19), n xoxro
ome ce namnpar.
Mo+u:emama, roumo cuo npoeeam cr.ouuocm r+
roucv+upaue ua ncuxomponuu +eoura+eumu, ca +a.ro.
Hoee:emo use.eroam e cpaeueuue c +o+:emama no-armueuu
rarmo e v:u.uue, mara u e cmpauu:uume cu sauu+auu.
Momueauma u re.auuemo sa oecmeue v mx ca no-cu.uu,
omro.romo v +o+:emama.
Hpn rona xenanne a npmar nemo nonesno sa
omecrnoro. oxaro momuerara ca xncrepnunn n nacouenn
nann, momnuerara ce npoxnxnar xaro nacnnnn xncrepnuxn.
Tona rxxno noneenne ce oxcnxna nmenno c
nensmoxnocrra a yonnernopxr nononsnnxnannre nm
norpenocrn a cranar anronomnn nnunocrn, a npnneuennar
sa camocroxrenen xnnor, a pasnonarar c orenno xnnnme, a
xnnexr saeno momuera n momnuera. Koraro momnuerara
oaue ycnexr a npeoonexr ncnuxn resn rpenorn n rpynnre,
xonro ne xoncymnpar porn, re ca no-axrnnnn or momuerara.
Hpnunnara e, ue re
npocro yspxnar connanno no-pso or rxx. Hsomo ce
pasnnnar no-pso n ca n connapnocr c pyrnre momnuera. B
saxnmuenne moxem a xaxem, ue momnuerara, xonro
xoncymnpar ncnxorponnn nemecrna n napxornnn, ro npanxr,
es a npexr na nnxoro ocnen na cee cn. Ocranannre, r. e.
noneuero, es raxnna nponemn, ca no-axrnnnn or momuerara,
xonro opn n a ce uyncrnar ope, ca cxnonnn n no-ronxma
crenen a npoxnxnar anarnx. 3a pasnnxa or momnuerara,
xonro nmar nean, y rxx ne ce saenxsna crpemex a ce
nocranxr n cnyxa na omecrnoro.
Cmamucmu:ecrume oauuu noraseam, :e cpeo
xo+ocercva.ucmume, s.ovnompeoeauu c uapromuu, u+a
noee:e +o+:ema, omro.romo +o+u:ema
Tesn annn ne morar a ar noxasarennn, samoro
mxxara xomocexcyannocr nonauano e no-ouennna.
Momnuerara morar a ca necnxn, es a ce saenxsna. ne
enoxn, xonro nsnnsar saeno, ne moxnpar nnxoro, r
xaro na rxx ce rnea xaro na neyrpanna noxa es
onpeenena cexcyannocr.
Lo ce omuac oo vnompeoama ua xauuu u ua +apuxvaua,
urou ouec ce ooeeam e no.sa ua mxuomo .eea.usupaue.
,a ce uarasea s.ovnompeoama c +eru uapromuu e eo.+o
coua.uo .ue+epue. praeama coupa marcu, sauumaea
mmmmua u a.roxo.a, nooupea vnompeoama ua .erapcmea
Tara m vsarouea urou opoeu, a saopauea vnompeoama ua
+eru uapromuu sa pas.ura om cceouu cmpauu, roemo me
ca paspeueuu."
Tmrmnr n anxoxonr morar a nanecar mnoro no-ronxma
npea or mapnxyanara xaxro npxy nenrpannara nepnna
cncrema na nnnnna, noneue nnn no-manxo uyncrnnrenen
xm anxoxona nnn nnrapnre, raxa n c onacnocrra, xoxro
csanar or nemacrnn cnyuan. Mncnx nce nax, ue mnanre
xopa, a ne nsnnrarennre rpxna a nmar nocnenara yma no
ornomenne na mexnre napxornnn Hpen a cme sapannnn
pornre, mnoro no-naxno e a ce onnrame a pasepem xaxno
xapa mna-
nre a nsnnrnar nyxa or rxx. Axo ne npeocranxme na
enara nnmo pyro ocnen enn nsmncnen cnxr, axo ne nm
nomornem a ce npnsemxr n peannoro n ram a ce yrnpxr,
re me nponxanar a xnnexr nn nopaxaemoro.
Ipauuama +erov +erume u mepoume uapromuu e
cua. Onumm norasea, :e cuecmevea urare npexoo.
M.aoume ce xea.m, :e suam roe oa cnpam. Ha
espacmuume cuo ue e :vro ceemcrum a.roxo.us+. Te
num sa vooeo.cmeue. M.aoume xopa nvuam mpeea " ue
ca+o e +o+eumu ua paso:apoeauue u uevcnex, uo u roeamo
peuam oa ce noeece.m, sa oa ce omnvcuam c.eo paooma,
noooouo ua cmpecupauume" espacmuu. Hpeoaeauemo ua
ueapa +apuxvaua u.u xauuu eouu ua opve, oopu roeamo
ecu:ro e uapeo u.u, rarmo raseam, roeamo c+e ua-eom ", ce
npeepua eoea .u ue e urare pumva.. I.eoam ua moea ramo
ua vooeo.cmeue, roemo cnooe.m, ramo ua nuruur u.u
sarvcra ua mpeeama "2. Hse.eroa, moea e mexuum ua:uu oa
rueem e epvna, e ncee-ooepvna. Baua u cuu paseoeapm:
,Epur, nar .u cu nvuu. xauuu cuouu? Tu, oaua +u, ramo
cu nueu numuemo, ueuo oa mu rasea+! B +e ocmaeu ua
+upa!" Hmoume.ume ua xauuu omepuam ua
pasmpeeoreuume cu pooume.u: A+u eue oe, eauume
pasnueru c npume.u, poroeuu ouu, rpueuema, opou .u eu
eu uro?"
Tnnexpnre pasnpar nnrynrnnno, ue anxoxonr e
ome no-npeen sa oprannsma. Te necmneno ca npann, no ne
ncxar a npnsnaxr n pyrnre connannn nocnennn, cnpsann c
ynorpeara na napxornnn. Mnanre xopa, xonro npoxnxnar
nnrepec xm mexn porn, ca cxnonnn a ce npenacxr n
nmarnnepen cnxr, npenounrar rnaroncrnane cpe npnxrenn
npe ecrnnero. Tpxna a nm ce oxcnn, ue napxornxr rn
npann mnoro no-nacnnnn npe npenxrcrnnxra, noxpanna
anarnxra n espasnnunero nm. Anxoxonr nornxna xm
rpyocr, xamnmr re npann nonxxora rpy, nonxxora
nacnnen, no nnxora sa
2 Cpn. Eyap Mane 3axycxa na rpenara", nnarno, macno (1863 r.), Hynp I.
pe.
pasnnxa or anxoxona ne moxe a nxne cmenocr.
oxasarencrno, ue anxoxonr nxna nonxxora xypax, e
]axrr, ue ce anan na ocennre na rnnornna n na nonnnnre
npen araxa. oxasano e, ue rnenr nornxna xm ecrnne.
Ha noooouu apev+eumu +.aoume omeoeapm:
,Oouecmeomo eu noomurea oa nueme, sa oa eu usnpamu e
oronume. Ha uac ee:e ue nu ce v+upa noo sua+euama."
Tmrmnonymenero n anxoxonr ne npeuar na ncrnncxoro
rnopuecrno na cxynnropa, na mysnxanra, na xyoxnnxa.
Hapxornxr ynnmoxana. Tmrmnr, anxoxonr crnmynnpar
ecrnnero, oxaro napxornxr oesxypaxana. Manxoro,
xoero e ocranano or xenannero, cxpnroro, nsrnacxanoro
xenanne, saryna n nocnennre cn mancone a e
nsxasano... Hapxornxr nn npma n cranx na npexpanenoro
ee. Ornema nspxnnnocrra na momuerara n
xencrnenocrra na momnuerara.
Omrpueauemo ua euoo+opquuume (xop+ouu ua +osra)
rapa ueepo.osume oa npeono.aeam, :e noemum uapromur
ramo :e .u san.ea eeeumva.uu u+ ueoocmue. Hoooouo
ouoxu+u:uo oocueuue osua:aea, :e u+a uuoueuou, roumo
nopaou urarea qusuo.oeu:ecra ocooeuocm npouseeroam
ueoocmam:uu ro.u:ecmea ecmecmeeuu +opquuu. Toea
+ore ou eu npaeu no-vseu+u om ocmaua.ume u cr.ouuu oa
mpcm oon.uume.uu esovoume.u.
Marepnanncrnuno n noxnmnuno oxcnenne, xoero ne
saononxna yxa. Hcrnna e, ue ncexn npnrexana
nnnnnyanna uyncrnnrennocr. Hxxon nnnnnn npn
ynorpea na mexn napxornnn pearnpar mnoro no-pso n no-
cnnno or pyrn. Taxa xaxro nma cnpxuyncrnnrennn xopa xm
anxoxona, xonro ce nannnar or nesnaunrennn xonnuecrna, n
pyrn, xonro morar a nornmar n a nsrapxr" mnoro pso
n n mnoro no-ronemn xonnuecrna. A nma n raxnna, xonro nnxr
mnoro n nanenx, xaro ycnxnar onxxe a ocranar rpesnn,
a sanasxr camoxonrpona cn. Ha rxx pxxo nm ce cnyunar
nponsmecrnnx.
Ha-uecro cnpxuyncrnnrennocr xm anxoxona ce
nanmana y xopa c ponrenn anxoxonnnn. Karo ca
snoynorpexna-
nn c anxoxon, re ca nanpennn na uepnnx po na nnoa ome
n yrponnx nepno.
Hama.u K.uqpo Bapuu omoe.sea ee epsra c moea:
,A.roxo.m, uauum oou npapooume. ", ramo u+a npeoeuo
eparoauume e sanaouume cmpauu.
He, or ncnuxn crpann! Hxma nnnnnnsannx, sa xoxro
anxoxonr a e nensnecren.
Hroe vnompeoama ua a.roxo. e ooa:e cnopaou:ua...
Hpeou Bmopama ceemoeua eoua qep+eumupa.ume numuema
e ocmpoeume ua Huoucru oreau ce pasoaea.u euuaeu noo
qop+ama ua onpeoe.euu oarou ca+o no noeoo ua urou
eoouuuu npasuuu. Tara e ou.o uanpu+ep e Me.auesu u.u e
Murpouesu. Hanumrume ma+ ce npueome.u om rorocoe
opex u rume.ume ua amo.ume, c.eo ramo pasno.aea.u c
useupeouo +a.ru ro.u:ecmea, npeepua.u vnompeoama u+
e pumva.uu epe+ouuu. Cuomo ce uao.moaea u e Aqpura.
Hpeou :epuume rume.u ua roumuueuma oa ervcm om
a.roxo.a ua oe.ume, npouseeoeu om spuo, me nosuaea.u
ca+o n.oooeu a.roxo. +ecmuo npouseoocmeo e +uoeo no-
oepauu:euu ro.u:ecmea. B vc.oeuma ua sameopeuama
urouo+ura cuecmevea.o ueuo ramo peru+, ramo a.roxo.
ce nue. no onpeoe.euu noeoou. B crauouuaecrume cmpauu
oou:am ou. oa ce roucv+upa a.roxo. ecra cooma ee:ep, a
e Aqpura 6 nmu eoouuuo.
B nemno npeme ce nannname ncxxa cora neuep. Fn
rpxnano a ce onnrame a pasepem xaxno cnmnonnsnpa
xaxara nn sa anxoxon n xenannero sa napxornnn. Bcnuxn
nsxycrnenn cpecrna sa nacnaa ca pesynrar or rona, ue
marepnannoro saononxnane na namnre norpenocrn e
ynecneno or nnnnnnsannxra n rexnonornnre. Xopara ne
snaxr neue xaxno a npanxr c xenannero cn n ro npenpmar n
neoxonmocr or nemo, xoero ce nonrapx n nm nosnonxna a
ce saannxnar c nomomra na nopaxennero cn, es a
npmar nnmo. Mnanre npnxrnar nce no-uecro o
mapnxyanara nnn xamnma xaro
xm nemo onxnoneno, sa a ne ynorpexnar anxoxon, xaro
no rosn naunn ncxar a ce pasrpannuar or nspacrnnre. Taxa
re cn nmar nemo cnoe. Hacnaa sa ena nspacrona rpyna.
Hacnnna nacnaa. Ho ncmnocr nmar nn re pyr nsop sa
cnoonoro cn npeme? Bsmoxnocrnre ca cmnre xaro n
yunnnmara: a ce ccresanar. Cnopronere n nrpnre ca
npexaneno nncrnrynnonannsnpann. He moxe n a crana yma
sa pasnneuenne. Komepuecxnxr yx ycnxna mnoro pso a
npenpne camoonaannero, nnnnnyannoro nocrnxenne,
nsxycrnoro a nrpaem n rpannosno moy. Hpecranam a ce
ccresanam sa cocrneno yononcrnne, a ro npannm sapan
cnexraxna, xoro ouaxnar pyrnre. Hynnxara e xana sa
nocrnxennx. Mnanre pso cn anar cmerxa, ue
nmnrencxnxr cnopr nsuesna n nmero na npo]ecnonannnre
pexopn. Onnmnncxnre nrpn ce npenpmar n orpomna
pexnamna mamnna sa ronemnre ]npmn, arnernre nsemar
onnnr, cnoprnnxr yx nsuesna. Mnanre pearnpar, xaro
orxasnar a nnxsar n cncremara. Hne ne nn ncxame nnmo.
Ocranxme nn na nonncnennre nn npasnnnn n na onnnrnre
nn. Ha nac ocranere nymnnnnre!"
Kaxna rpxna a e namara peaxnnx? B nnxaxn cnyua
na oopenne, no ne n na naxasarennn mepxn, nnro nx na
mopanno saxnemxnane. Ocrana nsmoxnocrra sa xcen nsop
cc csnanne sa nocnecrnnxra: Hne nn nscnymaxme.
Omecrnoro ana nom npnmep nnn npenara pyr rnn
pasnneuennx n onnxnennx. Bame npano e a nsepere
nacnnnoro yononcrnne. Ho me cranere nspacrnn, a nxma a
cre ycnenn a narpynare neoxonmnx onnr. Torana
pncxynare a ce npenpnere n cxnrnnnn n a nnarnre cxno."
Kamo ce npucmpacmeam r+ xauuua, +.aoume cmueam
ooma+, :e ce omraseam om cercva.uume cu epsru, oopu u me
oa ca uanpeoua.u. B npoo.reuue ua 12 eoouuu +o+:ema
+oeam oa ue uanpaem u ua-+a.r onum oa cu ua+epm
napmuiopra u oa npees+oeuam ceeu.ueocmma cu, ramo ce
saooeo.eam c ouauus+.
,Mexnre" napxornnn neyrpannsnpar crpemexa na
nnnoro xm rnopuecrno n csanane na non xnnor. Hamara
ponx ne e a nonpeunm na mnanre, a a nm nocounm
nocnennnre. Hsxor or nsop n nonsa na porara e noneue
or nepoxren. Mnoro manxo ca onesn, xonro, cne xaro ca ce
npncrpacrnnn opn camo xm mexn" napxornnn, ycnxnar a
ce nsmxnar. Te ca nsrynnn ccresannero, neoxonmo, sa a
cn csaar nonoxenne. Taxa nponycxar a narpynar onsn
onnr, xoro n nm nosnonnn a ycnexr n enx, n xoro ce
nsnpanxr npe xnrecxnre rpynocrn. Crpana, nacenena c
rpaxann, necnoconn a ce cnpanxr n a sanasxr mxcroro,
xero raxa ope xnnexr, e opeuena na sanomnane or
axrnnnn, omnn or pyrae xopa n e sannamena a ce
npenpne n carennr nnn xononnx.
Taraea oesno+ouuocm npeo rueoma, npeo
npenmcmeuemo, npeo vcu.uemo uu npaeu vseu+u om
ecrareo uauecmeue. Tara saeueam ueu.usauu.
He e neoxonmo a uerem mopan, npocro na mnomnre
rpxna a ce xaxe: Bne or xon cre, or resn, xonro ncxar a
nornar, nnn or resn, xonro xasnar: rpyno e, no as nspxam."
Tuueorpume ue e.eoam ua CHHH-a ramo ua onacuocm
sa ceoe cu. pram ce mara, ramo :e .u mo ue cuecmevea.
Muoeo e mpvouo oa eu uarapame oa cu npeocmaem, :e pucrm
e sa mx u :e oceeu moea ca omeoeopuu u sa opveume.
Hsromnrenno e a mncnnm nenpexcnaro sa pncxa n xax a
ro nsernem. Toxy-mo ocnoonnn ce or ena onacnocr
naroapenne na npornnosauarunnre cpecrna, n ero ue ce
noxnxna pyra. Bcexn nnnnnyanno ce nsnpanx npe
ronemnre nponemn na omecrnoro. Bcexn cam rpxna a cn
saae nnpoca: Ha xaxno omecrno ncxam a
npnnanexa?"Karo ue nn ncexn e npnsonan a pasepe oxonxo
camnxr ro e cxnonen xm pncxono noneenne n a npospe
xaxn e pncxr npn cpemara my c pyrnre maprnnann
3
.
3 Maprnnann ryx sa nnna, nennrerpnpann n connannara omnocr n nenoun-
nxnamn ce na nennre nopmn F. pe
Vnorpeara na mexn" porn ce e npenpnana o raxana
crenen n nemo onxnoneno, ue e neue rpyno a ce pasrpannuar
axrnnnnre or nacnnnnre mnaexn, neuennnmnre or ryemnre,
sanoenarennre or meurarennre. opn cnoprncrnre nnn onesn,
xonro cnyxar n uacrnre sa pso pearnpane nnn xaro
napamyrncrn, cne nsnnrannxra n manenpnre neuep nsemar
,mexn" napxornnn, sa a rpcxr sapana nn nopaxaemn
cnerone. Cmoro e xaxro no-pano, xoraro nnexa nnn nymexa
rmrmn.
More .u oa ce uaoea+e, :e c.eo ramo nocmnm e
ap+uma, nvua:ume ua +eru" uapromuu, omrcuamu om
cpeoama cu, ue crcam c uaeura cu. Omeoeopm e
rameeopu:uo ue, uo+ u ma+ ue cpeuuam +recmeeuu
oquepu, ro+auoocu-eemepauu, roumo ee:ep nvuam xauuu.
B sarnopnre nymenero na mapnxyana nnn xamnm e ome
no-pasnpocrpaneno. Tasn npaxrnxa n connannara sapasa
oescmncnxr saxona.
opu cpeo +.aoume npuepreuuu ua Hio Heu
4
u+a +uo-
gv nvua:u ua opoeu.
Enncrnenoro nsxnmuenne moxe n ca unenonere na
xpncrnxncxn mnaexxn nnxennx, r xaro rxxnara pora e
xapnsmara.
5
Omecrnennxr nean e n nsnecren cmncn naunn a
excmpaneprnpam
6
nmnyncnre n eneprnxra cn.
Heooxoou+a e noorpena, sa oa ce omrareu om uapromu-
u+me.
Taxa xaxro cmecrnynar pyxecrna na anonnmnnre anxo-
xonnnn", n rpxnano a ce csaar n pyxecrna na
,anonnmnnre nymaun na xamnm".
Hto Hen nnep na xpanoxcnara ]pencxa nonnrnuecxa ]opmannx Hannonanen
]ponr. F. np.
Xapnsma oxecrnen ap", cnna, rananr, nsmoxnocr a ynnnuam nocneonare-
nn. Tyx ornomennx na sanncnmocr or noaua. F. pe Excrpaneprnpam
ryx nacounane xm nnmnnx cnxr, xm orxpnro sa connannn xonraxrn n
axrnnnocr noneenne F pe
Hpecmn.euue .u e vnompeoama ua +eru" uapromuu?
A+epurauume u+am ua+epeuue oa ce omraram oa
npec.eoeam nvua:ume ua +apuxvaua. Hcnauume cuo. Be
4pauu mesu, roumo nvuam +apuxvaua u.u xauuu, ce
nocmaem useu saroua oopu u roeamo ue npooaeam
,mpeea". Aro sa.oem +.aoer c uro.ro epa+a uapromur,
meopemu:uo couma u+a npaeo oa eo ooeuuu u ocou.
A ro e peen xoncymarop, no ne n nnactop. Cnyuna ce a
ce ynpaxnn narncx npxy mnaexa, y xororo ca namepenn 2
3 rpama napxornx, sa a ce nseme apecr na cnanrenx my.
3annamnar ro, ue me my e nanpaneno ceno ocne, axo
ne xaxe nmero na rpronena, xoro npoana moxe n cmo n
xoxann... C nen a ce npemaxne mpexara or napxorpa]nxanrn,
a ce npenasxr mnaexnre or xonraxr c nnactopn na
,rnpn" napxornnn, nxxon nexapn n CAB npenarar ncnuxn
rpronnn na peno a morar cnoono a npoanar
mapnxyana, raxa xaxro ce npoana rmrmn, moxe n mnoro
no-onacen.
Bn upannnx Heon Bnapnenepr npenara mennnncxnre
saneennx a nmar npano a pasanar napxornnn n rexnn
samecrnrenn. Hnuno as ne cmxram, ue rona e pemenne.
Vnorpeara na mexn" napxornnn ne e nponem or
xomnerenrnocrra na saxonoarennre. a ce
,expnmnnannsnpar" mexnre" porn ne osnauana, ue rpxna
cnoono a ce npoanar n pexnamnpar. Hponemr c
aoprnre n rpxnano a nn nocnyxn sa ypox: nsnenx or
nec sa yrpe re xxa ysaxonenn, oxaro npen rona ce
cmxraxa sa yrnanno npecrnnenne; nmecro a rn
expnmnnannsnpar, rn ysaxonnxa.
3aopaueuo u.u ue, muueorpume uexam u c+mam
sarouooame.cmeomo sa aocvpouo.
Hancrnna e acypno. He sapanara a ce npoanar
napxornnn, a sapanara a ce xoncymnpar. He morar a rn
sapanxr a npocrnrynpam. 3apaneno e cnonnuecrnoro.
Manxo ca cnnre, xonro c nexa pxa nxa onnnnnn
nennnoneren es
xpnmnnanno ocne sa rona, ue e nn sanonen c nxxonxo rpama
napxornx. B noneuero cnyuan re npnxrnar o repanenrnunara
mxpxa npeynpexenne, oxaro saxonr ncmnocr
npennxa naxasanne sarnop.
Hpecranere cn n raxn nanor:
Mnaexr: Bamero omecrno ne me nnrepecyna, ro me
orxnpnx."
Bspacrnnxr: Bne me ro npomennre, no ne xaro pemere
nnn xaro ce pornpare. Taxa nxma a npemaxnere
necnpanennnocrra."
M.aoume xopa ca usevou.u epa, :e oouecmeomo +ore
oa ce npo+euu no oe+orpamu:eu nm. Te ee:e omraseam oa
e.acveam.
B cmoro npeme nxmar nnxaxnn nen xax n morno a ce
npeycrpon rona omecrno. Vnorpeara na xamnm ne npeun na
npnxrencrnoro n nmonra, nennocrn, n xonro mnanre ce
nxonunar. Cmoro ne moxe a ce xaxe sa cexca. porara, opn
n mexa", ne ynecnxna cexcyannnre npsxn, rx camo nomaxa"
a ce xapa es rxx. Hymenero na xamnm non o nerarnnno
noneenne, nerpnnmocr xm onxa, nexenanne a ce
npeoonee crecnnrennocrra.
Onmu+ucmu:eu ceuapu:
Cuecmeveam epe+euuu rpusu. B rpa ua mvue.a +rov-
x ceem.uua. Ma.ro ca +.aoerume, roumo cmaeam
uapro+auu. ueomm u+ npeo.aea noee:e.
Hcrnna e sa macrne, ue mna uonex, xoro peonno
ynorpexna mexa" pora, ne ce npenpma nenara n orpenxa.
Ho nenx nonanan n mpexara, ro sanouna a ce cpema
camo c napxomann. Orxcnar or mnaexnre, npn xonro
ncnuxo e nape", ro rpyno moxe a ce nsmxne. A n rpxna
a nanaxcna, sa a rn nacrnrne, r xaro re npes rona npeme
ca ce pasnnnann. Pasnpa ce, nma rpynn, n xonro
rnnexpnre cn nomarar nsanmno a ne nonanar no
nnacrra na porara. Cnnpxr, rpennpar pasnnunn cnoprone:
cp], xarepene, crpena c
nx. Kpoxr nnanone, meuraxr sa nremecrnnx n r xaro ne ce
uyncrnar sacrpamenn, ne ronopxr nsomo sa pora. Mnaexn,
xonro rpennpar onn nsxycrna, nxmar nyxa or napxornnn.
,MEKH, HO HE HEBHHHH"
B cn. ,Kourvp Meoura." or ]enpyapn 1987 r. nama
ncnxnarpn or xnnnnxa n Apxanrto nynnxynar crarnx, n
xoxro noxasnar, ue mnso]pennxra moxe a e pesynrar or
peonno xoncymnpane n ronemn xonnuecrna na xamnm. Tesa,
xoxro npornnopeun na omonpneroro cxnamane sa
esnpenocrra na mexnre" napxornnn. Or 14 nannenrn, xonro
re nanmanar n nponxenne na 4 ronnn, nnxo n
ercrnoro nnn mnomecrnoro ne e nman nnunn nnn cemenn
npeneenrn na ncnxnarpnuno saonxnane, xonro anpnopn
nxa mornn a xpnxr onacnocr or mnso]penna naronornx.
Enncrnenoro omo mexy rxx, oruereno or namara anropn,
e xoncymnpanero na xamnm n ronemn xonnuecrna. Bcnuxn
nymar na-manxo or ceem ronnn na nrn nenno.
,Hsnecrno e, ue ncexn, xoro nymn xamnm, sanouna a nma
nponemn c omynanero n ue snoynorpeara npensnnxna
ennpn"
7
rnpn -p Mopen. Karo ce nosonanar na npnnre
nscnenannx npxy xnnennero, namara anropn ronopxr sa
ocoen nn nnxncrno" or xamnm. Hnxncrnoro", xoero,
oneeno o xpanocr cne peonna ynorpea, nanacx
cepnosnn npen na csnannero nn perynarop na namara
ncnxnxa. Cnope -p Mopen nocnennnre nnar pso:
e]opmnpane na nsnpnxrnero sa cnera, sa npocrpancrnoro,
sa pyrnre n sa cee cn. Hymaunre na xamnm sanounar a
crpaar or cepnosnn cmymennx n mncnonnnx norox.
Hexapcxoro ccnonne oaue ne nsnpnema ennoymno rasn
resa. B nporecrno nncmo xm namara anropn enn
ncnxnarp or Crpacypr nsnara na cno pe xnnoresa: Axo
nnpocnnre nannenrn ca xoncymnpann xamnm n npexanenn
xonnuecrna, ro e,
7 ennp ccroxnne, xapaxrepnsnpamo ce c nompauenne na csnannero n
spnrennn ce1nnnn nsuaun. B. pe.
samoro ca ce uyncrnann norncnarn, cneonarenno pasnnrnero
na ncnxosara ne e nocnenna or xamnma, a ce nxn na
ncnxonornuecxara xpexxocr na nnnnna.
He ncnuxn yuennnn or ropnnx xypc, xonro nymar xamnm,
ca napxomann. Te npocro npnemar moara n rpynara. Hpn
npna no-nnrepecna nsmoxnocr, nanp. nnmnane, re
nanycxar ra]ara. pyro nemo e ynorpeara na rnpn"
napxornnn, n noro na xoxro ce xpne exsncrennnanna
rpenoxnocr. Xamnmr e xaro nnrapnre. Ena no-ocoena
nnrapa, xoxro ne sacxra xnerxnre na rxnoro.
Onxnonenoro xoncymnpane na anxoxon nxma nnmo omo
c rexxnx anxoxonnsm, xoro nsncxna or 6 o 7 cemnnn
neuenne. Cncremnara ynorpea na anxoxon cne nsnecren
nepno or npeme ro npenpma n rnp" napxornx.
Hpncrpacrxnanero xm rnpnre" napxornnn n morno a ce
cpannn cc sanncnmocrra or anxoxona, xoxro pano nnn xcno
nanara panxanna n munrenna esnnroxcnxannx.
Mnanre ocranar rnyxn sa rnaca na nspacrnnre:
,Bnnmana, rpannnara mexy mexnre" n rnpnre"
napxornnn e ne-anma n nxxon x npexpaunar... Cnanrennre
me nn nnnexar n mpexara." Vuennnnre nsnpnemar noonn
nacrannennx xa-ro mopannsaropcxn n neymecrnn.
Ho-ope a ce ronopn xonxperno: Moxe n a ne crnrnem
o esnnroxcnxannx, no crnacn ce, ue raxn xnnor ne e
nnnonenen n re npenpma n esnoneno cmecrno, necnocono
a nocn orronopnocr. oxaro nymnm, ne cn n ccroxnne a
ce sannmanam c nnmo pyro, a cne rona nxmam xenanne a
npannm xaxnoro n a e." Onxnonenara nnrapa ne non o
rona ccroxnne na nnno espasnnune.
Tmrmnonymenero nnxora ne e npeunno na xopara a nmar
omecrnen xnnor, nnpexn ue moxe a pasnn nenymaunre n
npepasnonara xm saonxnane or pax na ennre poone.
Ipynonoro nymene na xamnm e nocnenna or napannsa n
cemenoro omynane. Camara rx e npensnnxana or
npexaneno nporexrnnnoro nsnnranne, xapaxrepno sa
,enncrnennre
ena". Bce noneue mnaexn ce nsonnpar no xmnre cn,
oreruenn, es nnnnnarnna, es nnxaxn nopnn, xaro
nenpexcnaro cn nrnnxnar: Kaxn e cmncnr?" Haxe
npnn cnerr?", Bcnuxo e rnnno". 3apan orpannuennx cn
peunnx re nsnaar n ccroxnne na mexannuno nonrapxne na
enemenrapnn nomnocrn.
Esnxr na xopa, xonro xnnexr nn nopaxaem,
esmnnen cnxr, nenpexcnaro oenxna. Henacnrnnxr rna sa
aynonnsyannn pasnneuennx nopxa nenpexcnaro
ccroxnne na xnnnosa. Taxa no necno ce nonacx rosn rn
xnnor". 3a erero renennsnxra e nponxenne na ]anrasnnre
my. Koraro rona ccroxnne nponxn npexaneno nro, ro
non o sarya na uyncrnoro sa orronopnocr.
,Ineanero na renennsnx e esonno, nspasxna
renennsnonnnxr mannax. uama" renennsnx e no-esnpena or
ncnuxn namn xanuera, or namnx cnercxn anxoxonnsm."
3a rnnexpnre mexnre" napxornnn ca nemo ananno.
B ynorpeara nm re nnxar naunn a yrnpxr cnooara cn.
,Bom omecrnoro nn rn sapanxna, ro ne nn nnrepecyna.
pxre cn namnre porn, nne cn nmame namnre."
B paseoeop c v:euuu om eopuu rvpc, roumo nvuam
peooeuo xauuu, us.soxa ua npeoeu n.au oee npusuauu,
norasame.uu sa cmpaxa om rueoma " ua muouume ouec,
rarmo u sa mpeeoeama u+ oa.u ue vcnem oa ua+epm
nm cu Bes ueapa xauuu ue cmaua npera.euo
aepecueeu", u: Tara no-.ecuo nouac+ +uc.ma sa
usnumume u sa oespaoomuama, romo +e o:area."
Or na-panna nspacr, npexaneno saxpnnxnn n
nonomarann, enara ce npenpmar n necno yxsnnmn
cmecrna: eero ne nna a nnaue, anar my ce
ycnoxonrennn, sa a sacnn. Hopacnan, nnnnnr ce oxasna
nenorornen a nonece n na-manxara rpecxa nnn
nepasnonoxenne. Hsxrname a ronopnm sa cmpr, sa onecr,
sa crapocr. Hexyname rpenoxnocrra c nexapcrna nmecro c
ymn n connanno omynane. Hparr na uyncrnnrennocrra e
rnpe npomennnn sa pasnnunnre xopa. 3ae-
nxsna ce, ue enara, cnnxnann na na-ronemn rpnxn, ce
uyncrnar na-nenorornenn sa ncexnnennnre pamn.
Bsmoxno e xamnmr a nanomnx na mnomara npenncanoro
ycnoxonrenno or oxropa n pannoro my ercrno, cnomen,
ocranan n nnnnre na necsnananoro.
Bue cme +oe.u oa noceuaeame cpeouu v:u.uua u oa
oeceoeame c v:euuu om noc.eouume r.acoee Pasnumeaxa .u
eu no npoo.e+a sa uapromuume
9
Enn yuennx cnoenn rpenora sapan nnrepeca cn xm
porara. Oxasa ce, ue uacr or xnaca cmo nma raxnna
npnrecnennx: Hapxornnnre nn npnnnnuar, a nn e nsnecrno
mnoro ope, ue ca onacnn. Csnannero nn e saero or
mncnra sa pornre n ne snaem xax a ce cnpannm."
Orronapxm nm:
Fnxre mornn a noronopnre c ncnxoanannrnx... samoro,
axo pasronapxre c ponrennre cn, me rn pasrpenoxnre.
Ho nocemennxra npn ncnxoanannrnnn ca mnoro cxnn.
Bn ncnuxn ncnancepn nma ncnxoanannrnnn. Moxe a
ce opnere xm rxx. Bne nxmare nyxa or nponxnrenna
anannsa, a npocro a pasronapxre c nxxoro sa npornnopeunxra
cn, nxxo, unxro mncnx e a npneme cnoxono n c pasnpane
rpenorara nn.
IAABA BAHAECETA KPAH HA
HEVCHEXA B VuHHHBE
uaxrnre: mexynaponn cpannennx
Or nxxonxo ronnn nacam napacrna poxr na enara n
mnaexnre, nocemanamn yunnnme. Onpeenennero sa
yunnnmen neycnex oaue xnno ce pasmnpxna, xaro oxnama
mnomn, xonro npecranar a xoxr na yunnnme, mnaexn,
npexcnann npo]ecnonannoro cn oyuenne cne npnnx
nnxn na cpenoro opasonanne, pyrn, neycnenn a
npnonxr cnennannocr nn nropnx nnxn nnn npnnyenn a
ce nacouar xm no-nenpecrnxnn cnennannocrn. Hsomo npes
nocnennre 20 ronnn enara n mnomnre, oxnanarn or
yunnnmnara cncrema, n pasnnunnre nnycrpnannn crpann ca
ce ynennunnn. H nce nax nnso 10 % or mnanre xopa n resn
crpann ce nponanxr n yunnnme nnn ce maprnnannsnpar, npen
a ca sanpmnnn sanxnrennoro opasonanne.
ecrnnrenno snaunrenen nponenr or mnomnre npexcnar
oyuennero cn cne sanxnrennoro opasonanne nnn
nanycxar opasonarennara cncrema ena nnn ne ronnn no-
xcno es nnxaxna xnann]nxannx (6)
1
.
Ha-sacernarnre or nponema npnnanexar xm
neonaroerencrnannre connannn xnacn nnn xm ernnuecxnre
mannnncrna (5). 3acnyxana nnnmanne n ]axrr, ue nnpexn
snaunrennnx nanpex momnuerara nponxanar a crpaar
or nsnecrna nepannonocranenocr (2).
B noneuero pasnnrn crpann na 2/3 or mnomnre na 17-ro-
1 Ba. nnnorpaqnn1a na c1p. 301.
nmna nspacr ca oxnanarn or ena nnn pyra ]opma na
oyuenne, a na 19 ronnn cornomennero e ena 30 o 50 %.
3a npannnno rnxynane na nocouennre nn]pn e neoxonmo
a nanpannm nxxon pasrpannuennx nn nnonere npenarano
oyuenne cne sanxnrennoro opasonanne. Cmecrnynar 3
nna crpyxrypn:
V:u.uueu +ooe.. 3anara ce na peonnoro oyuenne, o
xnamamo no-ronxmara uacr or mnomnre.
Taxa n CAB oxnanarnre or rasn ]opma na oyuenne 17-
ronmnn mnaexn ca 87 %, a n Kanaa re ca 72 %.
Ha-opnxr npnmep na raxn moen ana nonnx, xero
94 % nponxanar opasonannero cn n ropnnx xypc na
cpenoro yunnnme.
B nemanxo crpann or Enpona no-ronxmara uacr or mnomnre
nocemanar cpenn yunnnma. Taxnna ca Fenrnx, Bnennx,
Xonannx, unnnannx, annx n n no-manxa crenen upannnx.
Tam ananornunnre annn noxasnar 2/3. Mnoro or yuennnnre
ce nacounar oaue xm rexnnuecxnre n npo]ecnonannnre
yunnnma, xonro rnpe mnoro ce pasnnuanar no cnonre nenn n
saaun or yunnnmnoro opasonanne n Cenepna Amepnxa nnn n
nonnx, xero moenr na oyuenne cornercrna na
cpenoenponecxoro yunnnme.
A.mepuamueeu +ooe.. Xapaxrepnsnpa ce cc sacnneno
npo]ecnonanno oyuenne.
Hanpnmep Iepmannx, Ancrpnx n Bnenapnx cueranar
oyuennero n npenpnxrnxra c nennna ]opma na oyuenne n
yunnnmara. Cornomennero e n nonsa na mnomnre, xonro
npenounrar anrepnarnnnoro oyuenne n npenpnxrnx npe
peonnoro yunnnme.
Hapa.e.uo oopasoeauue. Hpn nero ce orenx no-ronxmo
mxcro na npo]ecnonannoro oyuenne nsnn yunnnme, xcno
pasrpannueno or peonnara yuena nporpama.
Bennxopnrannx npenara pyrn ]opmn na oyuenne sa
40 % or mnomnre, xonro ne ca oxnanarn or peonnoro
opasonanne.
Hpnunnn1e sa yunnnmnn1e nponann
Mnoro n npexaneno oarpeno c neonornuecxn
npncrpacrnx macrnno ce nsnx npes nocnennre 20 ronnn no
nnpoca sa yunnnmnnx neycnex. B omn nnnnn noneuero
anropn npnemar, ue npnunnnre ca 3 nna: connonornuecxn,
ncnxonornuecxn n nearornuecxn. Mnoro uecro pasnnunnre
]axropn ce cueranar n axo ncxame a pasepem npnunnnre
sa nponannre, rpxna a rn nscnename n rxxnoro
nsanmoecrnne n es a npenepername nesanncnmnx nm
xapaxrep.
Couo.oeu:ecru npu:uuu
Pasnnunn crarncrnuecxn anannsn noxasnar xcno, ue enara
or no-nnsmn connannn rpynn no-uecro ce nponanxr n yunnnme
(8, 9). Orpannuennxra, nponsrnuamn or reorpa]cxn,
connannn, nxonomnuecxn n xynrypnn ycnonnx, ca mexy
]axropnre, xonro morar a nnnxxr na yunnnmnnx ycnex:
enocr c nomn ycnonnx na xnnor, nepannonocranenocr na
neonaroerencr-nannre xnacn, nnmenn or nsmoxnocr a
pasnnxr nnrenexryannnre cnoconocrn n peura na enara cn,
pasnnxa n nennocrnre na cemecrnoro, oxonnara cpea n
yunnnmero, nponemn, cnpsann c ernnuecxnre mannnncrna,
pasnnxa mexy esnxa, na xoro ce npenoana n yunnnme, n
maunnnx esnx, npeonaanane na onpeenena connanna xnaca
n paona na yunnnmero...
Cneonarenno yunnnmnnre pesynrarn ca n ronxma crenen
]ynxnnx na connannnx nponsxo n cpea.
Or pyra crpana, noneennero na ponrennre no
ornomenne na yunnnmero n nnrepecr, xoro npoxnxnar xm
opasonannero, saemar ocnonno mxcro cpe mornnnre, xonro
nornxnar enara a paorxr ope.
Hcuxo.oeu:ecru npu:uuu
Hcnxonornuecxnre ]axropn, xonro nmar camocroxrenno
mxcro no ornomenne na connanno-nxonomnuecxnre ycnonnx,
cmo ca or ronxmo snauenne. uyncrnoro na cnrypnocr y ere-
ro, crenenra na crannnocr n cemecrnoro, ]nsnuecxnre nnn
ymcrnennre my neocrarnn, cocrnennxr my pnrm,
mornnannnre my, ycnexnre n neycnexnre, xonro neue e
npexnnxno
2
, ca nxxon or ]axropnre, xonro rpxna a ce
nsemar no nnnmanne, xoraro ce rpcxr npnunnnre sa nomnre
yunnnmnn pesynrarn.
Mnoro uecro nanpnmep yunnnmnnre nponemn ca snax sa
noxo pascrpocrno na nnunocrra na mnomara, cnecrnne
or nsanmoornomennxra c ponrennre (16).
Emonnonannara cnrypnocr, xoxro erero namnpa n
cemecrnoro, e necmneno ena or na-opnre rapannnn
cpemy onacnocrra or nponan n yunnnme.
Heoaeoeu:ecru npu:uuu
Hma n rpero oxcnenne, cnpsano c ]ynxnnonnpanero na
opasonarennara cncrema.
Fpoxr n xnann]nxannxra na npenoanarencxnx ccran,
oprannsannxra na yuennx nponec n na nporpamnre, crpanre,
yunnnmnnre narnenn noconx, nsnnrnnre nponeypn,
npsxara mexy npenoanarenn n yuennnn, mexy cemecrno
n yunnnme... morar cmo a oxasnar nnnxnne npxy
onacnocrra or neycnex n yunnnme.
Fopa cpemy neycnexa n yunnnme
Hscnenannxra npxy npeoonxnanero na nponann n
yunnnme ca no-manxo n cpannenne c xpnrnuecxnre anannsn.
Hpn nce rona n no-ronxmara cn uacr pasnnunnre crpann c
rpenora ycranonxnar nncoxnx nponenr mnomn, xonro
nanycxar yunnnme es ocraruna xnann]nxannx. Cepnosno
esnoxocrno yn n ]axrr, ue ronxm po mnaexn
sanpmnar
2 oxasano e, ue mnosnncrnoro or mnomnre, xonro ne sanpmnar yunnnme, ca
nonrapxnn none nenx, nn n. Hto Mon" or 18 mnn 1987 r ce orenxsna, ue
nourn ncnuxn ena, xonro nonrapxr norornnrenen npnn xnac na nauannoro
yunnnme, nxmar manc a nocrnxr n nnne* up
* Hnne cpeno pxanno yunnnme nn upannnx Moxe a e moepno, xna
cnuecxo nnn rexnnuecxo -- F.np.
sanxnrennoro cn opasonanne c uyncrnoro, ue nourn nnmo
ne ca nanpannnn nnn ue nsomo ne ca ycnenn.
Coua.uu +epru
Tpxna a ce nomorne na yuennnnre, xonro sapan
connannnx cn nponsxo, cpeara, nona nnn paconara cn
npnnanexnocr rpyno ce npncnocoxnar xm yunnnmnnre
ycnonnx. Cpe resn mepxn ca ennnoro yunnnme, cmecennre
xnacone,-nonnre ]opmn sa nponexane na nsnnrn, cnennannn
nporpamn n nomom na ennre n cpemamn rpynocrn or
pasnnuno ecrecrno ena. Cpe resn nporpamn sacnyxanar
nnnmanne head-start"
3
n Amepnxa nnn cexropnre sa
npnopnrerno opasonanne" nn Bennxopnrannx.
He yn nnxaxno cmnenne ]axrr, ue na-amnnnosnnre n
ycnpmencrnann nporpamn, xonro nmar sa nen a nomornar na
connanno omerennre mnomn or na-ennre cnoene na
nacenennero, ce ocmecrnxnar n CAB (23). Te npenarar
nnnnnyannsnpann ]opmn na oyuenne n manxn rpynn,
nyesnunn xnacone, nsmoxnocrn sa nsnnyunnnmna paora
(nanp. a ce nsnoxn na mnoma a nomara na nxxo no-manx
yuennx n yunnnme), xonro nsnpmar camouyncrnnero na
mnanre.
Hcuxo.oeu:ecru +epru
Cne xaro ce ycranonn, ue ycnexr na yuennxa ce
noopxna, xoraro nnsxn nspacrnn ro noxpenxr cepnosno n
csanar nnuna emonnonanna npsxa c nero, sanounaxa a ce
oprannsnpar crpyxrypn sa nonomarane na ena c
ncnxonornuecxn cmymennx. Taxa n yunnnmara ce nasnauanar
yunnnmnn ncnxonosn, noronen n cnennanncrn no
npo]ecnonanna opnenrannx (20). Hpeonaana nexra, ue
npannnnoro nacounane na mno-mnre, xonro cpemar rpynocrn
n yunnnme, e eno or pemennxra na nponema (22).
Hpanxr ce n onnrn a ce sacnnn nnrepecr na cemecrnoro
xm yunnnmnnre nponemn na enara. Csanar ce spannn
3 Head-start ananrax, crapr n onpeenena onacr c npenmcrno nnn npnnnnernx
F. pe.
ncnxonearornuecxn xoncynrannn n nenrpone sa nonomarane
na nsocranamnre yuennnn.
Heoaeoeu:ecru +epru
Hpenopunar ce cmo pe]opmn n meronre, npomenn n
yuennre nporpamn n nponeypnre no onenxa na yuennnnre.
Vunnnmero rpxna a ce npncnocon xm enara.
Onnrnar ce a samenxr nearornxara na neycnexa c
nearornxa na ycnexa: xaro onenxnar opnre orronopn,
nmecro a psar a naxasnar nomnre; xaro oranar no-ronxmo
snauenne na pesynrarnre, nocrnrnarn or rpyna yuennnn,
orxonxoro na nnnnnyannnre nocrnxennx; xaro orxpnnar
mornnannn, xonro me samecrxr crpaxa or nponan; xaro ce
onnrnar a nsernar nroporonnuecrnoro...
B annx n CAB neue nsnnxnar napanennn yunnnma
nsnn opasonarennara cncrema, unero npnsnanne e a
orronopxr na cnenn]nunnre nyxn na nsocranamnre
yuennnn.
Honarar ce ycnnnx a ce npeornparn neycnexr n
yunnnme, no ce npann neocraruno sa onesn mnomn, xonro
oxonuarenno n npexenpemenno ca nanycnann yunnnme.
Rnonnn
noncxara yuena cncrema nma escnopna sacnyra sa rona
opasonarenno pannnme, c xoero manxo crpann morar a ce
noxnanxr. Hearornxara n nonnx ce crpemn npen ncnuxo
xm ycnoxnane na snannxra or ncnuxn yuennnn n no npnnnnn
orxnpnx neycnexa, xaro nourn ne onycxa a ce nonrapx
xnacr. Vuennnnre, xonro ce sarpynxnar no npeme na
yuennx nponec, morar a pasunrar na cnennanna nomom no
]opmara na onnnnrennn omamnn nnn esnnarnn uacrnn
yponn na opononno nauano (26).
E]exrnnnocrra na xnoncxara opasonarenna cncrema nma
cnoero oxcnenne cmo n xnoncxara cemena crpyxrypa,
nsnxno nacouena xm npeycnxnanero na enara. Maxnre
nrpaxr mnoro naxna ponx sa ycnexa na enara cn n yunnnme.
B nonnx oxnanarnre or yunnnmero mnomn mexy 15-n
19-ronmna nspacr ca na-mnoro. 94 % sanpmnar cpeno
opasonanne n 40 % or rxx nocrnnar n ynnnepcnrera,
H nce nax rosn ycnex ce nocrnra c nenara na narncx npxy
mnanre n n xpana cmerxa non o orxnonxnane na cncremara
or npnonauannnre nenn. Km 6-re uaca, npexapnann
exenenno n yunnnme, ce npnanxr na-manxo na
onnnnrennn uaca neuepno opasonanne, xaro
cpennonannero e crpamno sa a nnesem n opa ]npma,
rpxna a npnrexanam nnnom or penomnpan ynnnepcnrer; sa
a nspxnm xonxypc sa raxn ynnnepcnrer, rpxna a nnam
or npecrnxna rnmnasnx, a sa a cn npner n opa rnmnasnx,
rpxna a cn sanpmnn opo nauanno yunnnme. C ena
yma, ccresannero sanouna or ercxara rpanna (27).
Honn noxon
Eoua neoaeoeu:ecra epvna ercnepu+eumupa uoe +emoo sa
npeooo.eaue ua vnopumama c.aoa vcneeae+ocm.
Hoooouo ua esnpuemomo noeeoeuue e 3e.euama rua
A
,
roemo euu+auuemo e uaco:euo r+ eusva.uomo u c.vxoeomo
noeeoeuue ua ua-+a.rume oea npeou npue+auemo u+ e c.u
no-cneua.uo epxv oeama c .eo rpueoe.eocmeo,
masu epvna cu nocmae sa saoa:a oa pasepauu:u cpeo 10-,
11- u 12-eoouuuume c mpvouocmu e v:u.uue v:euuume c
eusva.ua om v:euuume cc c.vxoea na+em. Erunm vcnea
oa no+oeue ua v:euuume oa uaearcam saevoeuomo
o.aeooapeuue ua ceoume uoeu +emoou. Aua.usm norasea, :e
v:euuume ce v:am .ouo, sauomo ue suam r+ rare +emoo
ua sana+emeaue oa ce uaco:am. Koeamo om uanpaeeuume
usc.eoeauu cmaue cuo, :e uroe oeme u+a no-cropo
eusva.ua na+em, +ore oa +v ce no+oeue, ramo +v ce
norare rar oa ce
4 3enena xma ncnxorepanenrnuen nenrp sa nponemnn ena, npnpyxenn or
ponrennre cn, ycranonen cpe npnpoara, csaen or upancoas onm F np
opueumupa eusva.uo e +amepua.a. eama c no-ooopa
c.vxoea na+em +oeam oa ce uav:am rar oa usno.seam
pum+a ua m.omo cu sa no-ooopo sana+emeaue, rarmo npu
apaoume u e eepecrume euuea
5
... Ta.+voucmume uanp.
sano+um uausvcm .ama Buo.u, ramo ce r.amm u nem
nca.+u, npe+uuaearu om eoua ea+a e opvea...
Moxe n rosn noxo e op. Mexy pyroro n 3enenara
xma ce nanmana c nsxnmunrenno nnnmanne nnsyannoro n
cnyxonoro noneenne na na-manxnre. Orenxsna ce sa eno
nnn pyro ere: rona onua a cnyma nnoun, ro nancrnna e
cnyxap nnn nx rona ram e ncrnncxn xyoxnnx. Onona ee na
oxono 9 mecena ncxa a oxocne uepnenara nrpauxa, a rx e na
nxn merp or nero. To cn mncnn, ue nrpauxara e cncem
nnso, mom x nnxa, oaue ne moxe a x xnane. Tpxna a my
ce oxcnn, ue nnnara ne e y nero, ue ro ne e necnocono:
,Bnx cera, aneue cn, no as me x npnnnxa o ree n rx me
oxocne pxara rn. Oraneuanam x, rx nce ome e npe ounre
rn n mncnnm, ue oxocna pxara rn, samoro n pxara, n
nrpauxara ca npe nornea rn." Koraro ronopnre no rosn
naunn na 9-meceu-no ee, ymnre my nomarar a ne ce
uyncrna esnomomno. B npornnen cnyua ro ce
oesxypaxana.
Km yuennnnre nn ]asa na narenrnocr n opn na npara na
mnomecrnoro moxe a ce opnere c ymnre: Pasepn, ue
axo ne ycnxnam a sanomnnm, a pasnpam n a cnenm
yunrenx, ro e, samoro ne snaem, ue npnrexanam cno naunn sa
sapxane na nn]opmannx, sa opnenrnpane, sa orxnmunane
na nponeca na sanamerxnane n na pasnpane. Crana yma
nmenno sa nponec, unro xnmu rn rpxna a namepnm."
Cuama neoaeoeu:ecra epvna uumepemupa ocooeuo
uaoapeuu .u:uocmu c eo.+a opsuua ua v+a, ramo cmvoeumu
om no.umexuurama, u ce onumea oa npu.oru c.eo moea
mexuume +emoou ua paooma npu m. uap. +pse.ueu" e
v:u.uue Oocuea u+ ce rar ouxa +oe.u oa peuam u ua-
mpvouume
5 Hemnna oprooxcanno enpecxo pennrnosno yunnnme, xero cnemennnnre ce
xnarxr, xaro uerar ncanmn F pe
saoa:u, ramo eu pasoe.m ua no-npocmu u.u eu ceeroam oo
nosuamu onepauu c enpoca: Kar cmuea+ oomvr?" Tara,
ramo eu pas.aeam u ramo ce onupam ua nosuamu ueua, me
ue +oeam oa npoo.ram no-uamamir e eoua ueuseecmua sa
mx oo.acm.
ocraruno e a ce xaxe na yuennnnre, ue re cmo morar
a ar xonxypenrnocnoconn, opn xaro paorxr n cnox
pnrm cnope nnnnnyannara cn narnaca, sa a ce npenpne
neycnexr n ycnex n a ce csae cpe rxx armoc]epa na
onepne. Hxxora enara nocrnnaxa n yunnnme cne 6-
ronmna nspacr, r. e. ena cne xaro e npecranan a
ecrna ennonnxr xomnnexc. ororana cemecrnoro e
rpxnano a nsnnnn cnoxra mncnx a nomorne na erero a
pasnne peura cn upes cernnara, a ro oyun na ncnuxo, xoero
eno ere moxe a npann nxmn, xero ncexn npmn nemo...
B nemno npeme enara rprnar na yunnnme na 3 ronnn, es
a ca ycnenn a nayuar y oma nnmo pyro, ocnen a nycxar
uemmara n a narncxar xonuera. Taxrnnnoro nm pasnnrne e
nourn na nynara.
He rpxna a ce npexanxna c reopernsnpanero sa pasnnxara
mexy cnyxona n nnsyanna namer. Crana yma sa anannrnuen
mero, xoro oaue ne e nananex. Cmecrnynar n pyrn
noxon, nanp. a ce crnmynnpar n monnnsnpar enara na
ocesarenno pannnme. Taxn onnr nma n yunnnmero n Htonnn,
xoero nanmanam or 25 ronnn. To e eno or manxoro nn
upannnx, xero ce npann ncnxoanannsa na ena. Mncnx, ue
rona yunnnme, xoero ne paorn no meroa na cnomenarara
norope nearornuecxa rpyna, ocrnra no cocrnen nr o
ncrnnara, ue yunnnmero e uacr or xnnora. To e naxno, no ne
no-naxno or rornenero, omaxnncrnanero, cnoprynanero. He
e sa npenepernane n nsmoxnocrra a yuacrnam n rpyna, a
cnoenxm nponemnre cn, a ocnopnam npannnara n a
npenaram pe]opmn. Axo onpeenen nnnnn crpaa or
npannnnnxa rona osnauana, ue na npannnnnxa nemo my xyna.
opnxr npannnnnx rpxna a e npneman or ncnuxn.
Hnxo ne nna e ce uyncrna norncnar or nero, samoro rona
n osnauanano a
nma poynamn n nsnonsnaun. B ntonnncxoro yunnnme nxma
ocnyxnam nepconan. 3aaunre ce pasnpeenxr mexy
ncnuxn. Hpenoanarenn n yuennnn ce peynar n xyxnxra, n
omaxnncxara paora, n mnenero na nnouxnre, nn noenero
na uacone no ]nsnuecxo nsnnranne. Hopxanero na
yuenoro saneenne ne e no-manonaxno or paorara n xnac.
Ocnen rona ce onpeenx eno mxcro, xero na nrn
cemnuno yuennnn n yunrenn ce cnpar n xero ncexn
moxe a xaxe ncnuxo, Hoero my rexn na cpnero. Bcexn en
morar a ce sanncnar (Hepenocrnre n cnennanna rerpaxa sa
onnaxnannx. Bcnuxn nnna, nocrnnnn n yunnnmero, ro
sanpmnar ycnemno cne 3 ronnn. Hsocranamn nxma. Hxxon
or nsnnrannnnre sanounar nenara a ynpaxnxnar nnn
nxxaxna neuarapcxa npo]ecnx, nnn cranar nporpamncrn. Te ne
ce crpemxr a sanpmar cpeno opasonanne, no ope
orpamorenn, npnrexanar ncnuxn xauecrna,- neoxonmn, sa a
onnaexr npo]ecnx, xoxro xapecnar. Cnpemennara
rexnonornx nsnxno nannese n nonnrpa]nxra n nnpexn rona re
ycnxnar a ce cnpanxr. Vuennnnre or rona yunnnme uerar
xnacnnnre, no ne xenaxr a cn ryxr npemero p reopernunn
anannsn. Opnenrnpar ce nanpano xm rexnono-nmre.
Vunnnmero, sa xoero nn pasxasnam, npmn ornnuna
cnacnrenna paora.
Onnrr noxasna, ue nsanmoornomennxra mexy
npenoanaren n yuennx rpxna a ce pasrnexar n
anannsnpar n no-mnpox nnan. Heycnexr n yunnnme ne e
rpenoxen, ocnen axo erero nma nponemn n n connannoro
omynane. Axo nsocrananero no aen npemer ce
cnponoxa or ycnex nanp. n mymxara nnn n nxxox
rexnnuecxa ncnnnnnna, nnn erero nna-nee onpeenenn
cpunocrn, n nnxaxn cnyua ne moxe a crana yma n
uonemxn nnan sa neycnex. Kaxno or rona, ue maremarnxr
nma nponemn no pyrn npemern! He nna a nn cmymana,
ue rosn, xoro e aanrnpan connanno n e namepnn cnox nr, ne
moxe a e nxapan roxy-raxa n xanna, nsmncnen sa ncnuxn.
uyonnmno e a ce nsncxna ornnuen ycnex no ncnuxn
npemern.
Hrou oopu npenop:eam oa ce npe+axue
sao.rume.uomo oopasoeauue oo 16-eoouuua espacm, ramo
euroam e ueeo eoua om npu:uuume sa c.aou vcnex e
v:u.uue. C.eoea .u oa ce ua+a.u mosu espacmoe npae, u.u
uanpaeo oa ce npe+axue sao.rume.uum xaparmep ua
oopasoeauuemo?
Mncnx, ue sanxnrennoro oyuenne no uerene, nncane n
cmxrane ne moxe a e npemaxnaro. Tona e enncrnenoro,
xoero rpxna a ce nsncxna aconmrno. Hpen a ce onxr
resn ymennx, ne nna a ce nanycxa yunnnmero. Konxoro n
nro a e neoxonmo a ce yunm, c pncx a nsnesem or
yunnnme na 20 ronnn opn, rpxna a rn e aena
nsmoxnocr a ce nayunm. 3anxnrenno n rpxnano a
e camo rona. 3anxennero a ce nocemana esnnarno
pxanno yunnnme o 16-ronmna nspacr n morno a ce
samecrn c paspemenne n nsmoxnocrn a ce yunm n xypcone
no ncxxo npeme. H ne e neoxonmo ncnuxn re a ar
esnnarnn, a npocro a rn nma. Bcnuxn sanxnrenno rpxna
a ce yuar a uerar, a nnmar n a cmxrar, xaxro n a
nocemanar uacone no rpaxancxo npano.
Ho epe+e ua ra+nauuma sa npesuoeumcrume usoopu
npes 1988 e. rauouoamume sa npesuoeum npeo.aeam oa ce
vee.u:u :vecmeume.uo opom ua :upaume ". Tpoea .u oa
npoo.raea nosuamama om +uua.omo ceepeeau
paoomuuume ua eoua cmpaua, ao+uuucmpauma, m. e. m.
uap. oe.u ru " ua opvea.
ope e ncnuxn ena a ce oyuanar na puen rpy, a ce
oennxr ncnuxn nnrenexryannn ncnnnnnnn, a ce nsrpan
oma ocnona, raxa ue a ne ce crpynnar n ena nocoxa mnorc
,unpann", a n pyra manxo enn xxn". Ha npn norne
nenocnnna saaua, xaro ce nma npenn ycnpmencrnanero
na rexnonornnre. Cnpyrr mn Fopnc onro e yunn no
pycxara opasonarenna cncrema o penonmnnxra npes 1917 r.
Ho onona npeme ne pasenxnn unpannre or emnre
unnonnnnn. Tesn, xonro yuenn rnmnasnx, rpxnano a
ycnoxr sanaxr xene-
sapcrno nnn pnoencrno, sa a ce xnxr na marypa.
nnnomara sa sanpmeno rnmnasnanno opasonanne
nxnmunana n yocronepenne sa onnaxn sanaxr mnocep,
axpxnx, xonau nnn pnoenen cne nonoxen nsnnr.
enara yuenn ronna pnoencrno, ronna xenesapcrno,
nocne oparnoro n naxpax 2 ronnn no nsop enoro nnn
pyroro. Tesn, xonro npoxnxnann no-ronxma cpunocr,
nsyuanann cronapcrno, rannnepcrno nnn nnxpycrannx. Bcexn
en ce npennxano 1 1/2 u puen rpy. B 13 u nmano
nononnnuacona naysa sa cannnu, xaxro n nec n Kanaa,
xero yuennnnre pasnonarar camo c 1/2 u sa ox. Cnenano
mexyuacne n puen rpy o 15,30 u. ncnuxn ena or 11- o
1617-ronmna nspacr, nspacrra, na xoxro ce nonarann
spenocrnnre nsnnrn, yuenn no raxana nporpama. 3anpmnnnre
nnn sanxenn a orpamorxnar nerpamornnre oxono cee cn.
Mxr mn pasxasname, ue ]apn-xanrnre n opn pennre
semeencxn cocrnennnn, xonro nmann paran, nnn
sanxanann a rn oyuanar na nxxaxn sanaxr n na
cpunocrnre, xonro re nnn onnaenn n 78-mn xnac. 3a
crpana, xoxro ne npnrexanana ceramnara rexnonornx, nnro
pannnmero na cnpemennara cemena nearornxa, rona e nno
nsmoxno. Henra n nemno npeme n rpxnano a e a ce
pe]opmnpa opasonannero n cmara nocoxa, no xaro ce
npncnocon xm nsncxnannxra na cnpemennnre rexnonornn n
xynrypa.
B ocnonara na omoro opasonanne rpxna a e
nocraneno ycnoxnanero na uerenero, nncanero n
enemenrapnoro cmxrane. enara camn a nsnpar npo]nnnre,
n xonro ncxar a yuar. Hxma cmnenne, ue re rpxna a ce
nacouar xm rona, xoero rn nnrepecyna, ome or 89-, na-
xcno 11-ronmna nspacr. o 1314 ronnn nnn o
oxonuarennoro nm nannn-sane n nyeprera rpxna a ca
onnrann mnoro nema. Koraro erero e nmano nsmoxnocr a
rnopn cnonranno n pasnnunn onacrn, n nepnoa na nononoro
cspxnane ro neue e n ccroxnne a nsepe rona, xoero
cornercrna na-ope na neronnre cnoconocrn. Hacrnna
nspacrra, n xoxro mnomara me rpxna a nsepe mexy
reopernunoro opasonanne n punnx
rpy, es oaue pemennero my a ce cmxra sa oxonuarenno.
Axo ce e nacounn xm sanaxr, no-xcno moxe a pemn a ce
opnenrnpa n xm nnrenexryanno opasonanne. H oparnoro,
axo n nauanoro e nspan nnrenexryanen npo]nn, n enx, n
xoro noxenae, rpxna a nma nsmoxnocr a ycnon puna
npo]ecnx. Opasonannero a e pxanna rpnxa.
Hesanncnmo or nspacrra cn ncexn rpxna a nma
neorpannuenn nsmoxnocrn a ce opasona. Taxa nnxam as
emoro yunnnme.
Kaxro nma cnexnn", senenn", mopcxn" yunnnma, raxa
nxa mornn a ce oprannsnpar no npenpnxrnxra xnacone sa
npnneuennane" n craxone sa paora cpemy sannamane n
npo]ecnn, xonro mnomnre meuraxr a ynpaxnxnar no-
xcno.
Hpenpnxrnxra nxa mornn a nsemar na nnarena paora
mnomn, nanpmnnn 13 ronnn. B noona nnnnnarnna morar
a ce npennxr n omexnrnx sa ena aneu or ponrennre
3a a morar a yuar aneu or oma, n rpxnano a nm ce
ocnrypn xnaprnpa n a ce npnnpar n cemecrnoro ncexn
nerx. Pasnocxnre sa resn nancnonarn n cnenano a ca
nxnmuenn n yuennuecxnre crnnennn.
Torana nxma a ronopnm sa nopenara pe]opma" n
opasonannero, a sa ncrnncxa connanna penonmnnx. Tona
ecrnnrenno n nno connanna penonmnnx.
IHABA TPHHAECETA
PA3FHTOTO CEMEHCTBO
V:euu:ecrume oe+oucmpauu om oere+epu 1987 e. cpeuv
npoermosaroua eeare
x
usueuaoaxa cc cnoumauuocmma ua
oeureuuemo u c +oou.usupauama cu.a, romo ce orasa, :e
Moeam oa u+am r.m:oeu ov+u ramo paeeu uauc ".
Bsoecmeuemo u+ +oreue oa ce cpaeuu c moea, roemo
u+am .osvueume sa co.uoapuocm e oopoama cpeuv
pacus+a" ee 4pauu. Paeeucmeo, opamcmeo! oro.ro
mesu noumu u+am pea.uo sua:euue omeo pe:ume u
.osvueume? oro.ro co.uoapuocmma ce ocuecmeea ua
nparmura? opu ee 4pauu, .m.rama ua mesu uoeu, ro.ro
+uoeo npeocmou oue oa ooe uanpaeeuo! Eoeap 4op,
npesuoeum ua Ko+umema sa mecmeauemo ua 200-
eoouuuuuama om 4peucrama peeo.mu,
nuue eoouua npeou c+pmma cu, :e esno+uuauuemo ue-
aaeuca+o om qo.r.opuu xaparmep ua ecro noooouo
npeuacuo
e +uua.omo coumue ou +oe.o oa ce noe.eoue om
qpauvsume ramo ocuoeauue oa ce vcmpe+m omuoeo e
u+emo ua "Ceooooama u Paeeucmeomo " r+ uoeu oacmu.uu,
ramo uempnu+ocmma u pacus+a. Ho mosu ua:uu oea eera
c.eo saese+auemo ua Bacmu.uma mo npurauea
cuapoouuume cu oa ce sa+uc.m epxv coprauuemo ua
noumuemo opamcmeo "
u ueeoeomo ocuecmeeaue. H+a c+ueuue, :e mare
eouu npusue ou +oe. oa ve.e:e +.aoerma. Hse.eroa, sa
I Mnnncrp enaxe nnecn npoexrosaxon sa pe]opma nn nncmero opasonanne,
xoro npensnnxan maconn mnaexxn nporecrn sapan neemoxparnunnx cn
xapaxrep B pesynrar ro nn npnnyen a noae ocranxa F np
+.aoume xopa ooeouueauama cu.a ua uoema sa
opamcmeo" e +uoeo no-eo.+a om masu sa paeeucmeo".
Ocmaea enpocm, oo rarea cmeneu ca e ccmouue oa
npeepuam ov+ume e oecmeume.uocm.
Mncnx, ue na-axrnnnn ca npexrno sacernarnre, xaro
nspaennnre, uepnoxoxnre nnn mnaexnre or Marpea n npen
ncnuxo xennre or Marpea; mnoro cncem mnan
]pannysoxn or marpecxn nponsxo npemnnanar nec n
nacrnnenne n rexnnxr rnac ce uyna nce noneue. Bsxor na
marpennnnre n na a]pnxannnre nsomo orronapx, crpyna mn
ce, na cneronnara renennnx sa namomne na xennre na
mxxnre crepeornnn. Mxxoro y xenara e no-nnamnuno,
orxonxoro y camnx mx. B cnera ce paxar ronxona mnoro
ena, ue nyxara or yrpon e neue no-manxa. Hennocrra na
maunncrnoro sanouna a namanxna n nonsa na ponxra na
rpaxanxara n enoxa, xoraro ce npomenx snauennero na
maxara marpona", nsnxno nocnerena na enara cn. B
mnnanoro cmprnnre pncxone, ycnonnxra sa orrnexane na
enara, nnncara na noxoxmn saneennx sa na-manxnre
nnn, c ena yma, naunnr na xnnor n neronoro nopxane
nanaraxa nocroxnnoro npnccrnne na maxara nxmn. B
,moepnara" noxa maxara nssemna or amara npanoro na
pemenne sa enara, rpnxara sa rxxnoro nacounane n xnnora.
Ho epe+e ua cu+nosuv+ sa npo+euume e npeocmaeama sa
oauama u +arama, opeauusupau e oo.uuama Herep ",
ncuxuampu us.aeam +ueuuemo, :e c noeama ua +aru,
roumo ca+o usuoceam oeama cu, cc sa:ecmeauemo ua
pasoe.ume u paseooume mpaouuouuama po. ua oauama
:vecmeume.uo ua+a.ea, ooramo +arama npuooouea no-
eo.+o e.uuue epxv oememo. Buuream .u oocmam:uo
mesu ncuxuampu e coua.uomo noeeoeuue ua uuoueuoume u
ue e .u mepoe noepxuocmeu mexuum aua.us?
Mncnx, ue n mnnanoro npeonaaname mnennero, ue es
mxa xenara ne n morna a noeme nxnara orronopnocr sa
cemecrnoro, sa omaxnncrnoro, xaro n cmoro npeme
nsxapna
n npexpanara cn nsnn xmn. B nemno npeme oaue enara
nnxar, ue maxara naroapenne na npo]ecnxra, xoxro nma,
moxe a paorn 8 uaca nenno nann n c nomomra na
cemennre naanxn, connannnre nomomn a nsnnrana n a
ce rpnxn sa enara cn opn xoraro amara e nanycnan
cemecrnoro. Bnpouem enara ce uyncrnar sacrpamenn
enncrneno or nsmoxnocrra ponrennre a nsryxr
paorara cn. Ha nnpoca, xoe e namero ocnonno npnrecnenne,
xaxno na-mnoro nn rpenoxn, re orronapxr: Ponrennre mn
a ne saryxr paorara cn." Ponrennre, a ne camo amara.
Hpen nnxora ne nxa ce nspasnnn raxa, samoro maxara e
nmana ocraruno omamnn sannmannx, no rona ne ce e
napnuano rouno paora, nnpexn ue e nno. nec maxara nma
nnarena paora nsnn oma n enara ce rpenoxar ann
ponrennre nm me nponxar a neuenxr. Kaxno me crane n
raxn cnyua c men?" crpaxr ne e n cnyua ue rarxo nn
nanycne", a axo mama npecrane a neuenn". Paorara na
maxara e nsrounnx na npnxon. Mncnx, ue xennre neue
cnoxono morar a npnemar nonoxennero cn na pasneenn n
a ne ce crpaxynar xax rona. me ce orpasn na enara nm. B
mnnanoro nsocranenara maxa ce e uyncrnana Orxnpnena or
omecrnoro n es connanen craryr, ornomenne, xoero ce
npenacxno n npxy enara. Ocnen ue crpaann nnuno or
pasxnara na ponrennre cn, re ca ce uyncrnann nemacrnn n
sapan ornomennero xm maxa nm. nec maxa, xoxro cama
orrnexa enara cn, npensnnxna no-cxopo ynaxenne.
H ece nar no epe+e ua cuu mosu ce+uuap ce cmueua oo
3ar.m:euuemo, :e oeama ua paseeoeuu pooume.u u+am
no:ecmo npoo.e+u, omro.romo oea om sopaeu ce+ecmea.
Tpxna a ce npnsnae, ue npn cemena pasxna pxxo ce
namnpa nxxo a nm nomorne a pasepar xaxno rouno ce
cnyuna... As oaue nenenx cm xasnana, ue no-ope
ycnemen pasno, orxonxoro nemacrno cemecrno. H maxap ue
e neoxonmo ocra npeme, rasn mox nex sanouna a cn
nponna nr.
Ho epe+e ua cuu cu+nosuv+ ce cmueua oo oue eouo
sar.m:euue: roeamo ce+ecmeomo ce pasoue, c uoeume
oparoee u c+uama ua napmuiopa npu pooume.ume oeama
ce coooueam c uoeu ooeeoeuu u.u saeapeuu opam u cecmpu,
roemo npo+eu npeuoca ua mxuama aepecueuocm.
Csoaeam ce opveu esau+oomuoueuu, roumo +oeam oa ce
npeepuam sa oememo ee es+oruocm oa paspeou
aepecuma cu. Kouq.urmume c ooeeoeuume u.u saeapeuume
opam u cecmpu u+am uumu+uu xaparmep ua mesu c
ucmuucrume opam u cecmpu ramo npu Ampuoume More .u
c.eooeame.uo oa ooe usrasaua xunomesama, :e pasoumomo
ce+ecmeo npe+axea cuuopo+a ua Ampuoume
2
?
a, n raxnna cnyuan, nsrnexa, ce nsxrnar orpnnarennnre
crpann na cemennx monnnnsm, xoro non o rpcene na
cexcyannnx naprntop cpe parxra n cecrpnre.
Bce nar ue e .u no-eo.+ pucrm om rpeoc+eueuue c
,no.vopam" u.u no.vcecmpa"?
,Kpnocmecnrennoro" nsxymenne e mnoro no-cnnno cnpxmo
enara na cnpyra na maxara. Te ne ca nenn ena, a ca
oneenn parx n cecrpn, r. e. ncnuxn xnnexr no enn noxpnn,
no nxmar xpnna npsxa, samoro ca or npenmnnre cemecrna na
ncexn or ponrennre. Taxnna ena ne ca npnrecnenn or sapanara
sa xpnocmemenne, ne nsnnrnar rexecrra na cexcyannara
sapana, samoro ca or pasnnunn maxn. Koraro ca or ena
maxa, pasnnxara nn nspacrra nm rn nornxna a ce
nenrn]nnnpar no-cxopo c manxoro parue nnn cecrpnue, sa a
cn cnepnnuar sa cnpyra na maxara. Cmecrnyna no-ronxm
pncx or nsnponsnexane na ennonnx xomnnexc sapan
nopoenoro nnn na-manxoro ere n cemecrnoro, c xoero ce
nnnsa n cnepnnuecrno sa nnnmannero na mxa nnn na xenara
n oma.
Hpu maruea pasnpcuamu "ce+ecmea oeama ouec
mpcm noorpena npu oaoama u ooomo.
2 B xcnnx rpnxn enoc npaxara mexy parxra Arpe n unecr, nopoena or
opa sa nnacr, nonnxxna crpamnn npecrnnennx n or nere crpann F. pe
Ome n mnnanoro re ca mornn a pasunrar na rxxnara
noxpena. Torana c aa n xo ce e xnneeno saeno, a cera y
rxx ce xon na rocrn. 3a nspacrnnre rona e ope omno,
samoro no rosn naunn nsxrnar camorara. oxaro npen 20-nna
30-nna ronnn mnomara e rnean na raxana nsmoxnocr xaro
na naxasanne, nec ro nxma nnmo npornn a npexapna nsnecrno
npeme npn xo n aa, enn nn manxa naxannnx. To c
yononcrnne nm ce onepxna. Banc e a nmam nsmoxnocr a
cnoenxm c nspacrnn xopa, samoro raxona omynane nsxnmuna
cexcyannoro cnepnnuecrno. Ocnen rona nspacrnnre an n
xonnn ca no-aneu or marepnannnre rpenorn n ca no-
uncrocpeunn. Te ca n no-nmemn, samoro uyncrnara nm ne ca
ycnoxnenn or cexcyanno xenanne nnn or crpax or noono
xenanne, r xaro mncnxr mnoro no-manxo sa rona. Taxa n
npoexrnpar no-manxo xenanne. Bnnmannero, c xoero ce
ornacxr xm mnanre, ne c ]nxcnpano npxy cexcyanno
nnnenne, cneonarenno re n ne morar a npoexrnpar raxn
nn uyncrno. Ero samo mnanre nmar nyxa a omynar c
anre n xonnnre nnn c nspacrnn npnxrenn. Faa n xo
nomarar na mnanre a orxpnxr rpannre nennocrn n xnnora. Or
cncem pyro noxonenne, nnynnre pasnpar or omynanero cn c
rxx, ue no ocnonnnre nema cmecrnyna crnacne. Cpemara c
xopa, xonro re onuar n enonpemenno c rona sacnnnar
uyncrnoro rn na cnrypnocr, oxonxoro onnnerno-|pxnar
nenpexcnarocrra n neunocrra n uonemxoro cmecrnynane,
cnomara sa namnpanero na nonn xopenn n onopnn rouxn.
eama ua pooume.u, roumo cr.m:eam omuoeo opar,
+oeam oa ce coooum cc saeapeuu u.u ooeeoeuu opam u
cecmpu. Bce noee:e oea om sopaeu ce+ecmea, :uumo
pooume.u ooa:e paoomm . oeu useu oo+a, npuouparu ce
om v:u-mne, saeapeam ruama npasua u x.aou.uura n.eu.
Paoomeuama +ara: H+au sa oeue, ue +e :ara. " Bce no-
pauo mo+:emama u +o+u:emama ce uav:aeam oa ce
oo.u:am, oa ce xpaum, oa nmveam ca+u:ru... Pooume.ume
npue+am mperoeepe+euuomo paseumue ua ceoume oea u ce
esop-uram oa eu esnumaeam.
Koeamo u+a oea, u+a u espacmuu.
Ponrenn na camnre cee cn, enara noemar ]ynxnnnre na
maxnre, a nocrenenno n na amnre. Mncnx, ue n rosn npexo
or cnoero pasnnrne, xoraro nm nnncna cnrypnocr, re na-
mnoro ce nyxaxr or mopanno, omecrneno n rpaxancxo
nsnnranne. Karo nnxar xonxo necno enara nm ce cnpanxr
n ope osaneenara n nnna c yronn xma, ponrennre,
xonro npexapnar nce no-ronxma uacr or npemero cn nann, ca
cxnonnn npnpsano a xasnar: a rn ocrannm a pacrar
camn, nxmar nyxa or nac." Taxa re ce nspxar a omynar
cnonecno c rxx nno sa a rn nocnernar, nno sa a omenxr
mncnn sa napnanrnre na noneenne n omecrnoro, raxona,
xaxnoro e.
Rnomnre ne nosnanar npannnara, upes xonro nxa mornn
a ar ponrenn na camnre cee cn. Te ne morar a snaxr
xax a ce pxar n omecrnoro, axo nxmar npnmepa na
ponrennre n ne ca pasronapxnn c rxx no rosn nnpoc. 3a
camornnre ena or nycrnre omone renennsnxra ce npenpma
n enncrnen nsrounnx sa moenn na noneenne.
3a mx me.eeusuma ce npeepua e napao om rapmuuru,
e npumuo eoe.u:rauo u esovroauo cemueama
vooeo.cmeue. Ocooeuo u+ ce xapeceam r.unoeeme. Ho-
vcmo:ueume +oeam oa usoeeuam xunuosama. Houroea me
nperceam sevra u e.eoam ca+o ue+ume oopasu, c.vuaru
uroe :acmuo paouo. Tara sanaseam roumarma cu c
oouecmeomo. Ho +uoeo +a.ro ca ouesu, roumo vcneam e
maraea am+ocqepa oa v:am oocmam:uo ccpeoomo:euo.
Tnnexpnre sarynar nannxa a ce nspasxnar upes
esnxa. Axo cnyuano ce noxnxr ponrennre, pasronop ne ce
nonyuana. enara ne ca cxnonnn a pasronapxr. Axo
ponrennre ca nxmn, enara na cno pe nsnnsar n
npexapnar neuepra c npnxrenn n rpyna. B npnxrnara
armoc]epa, xoxro cn csanar, re ce pxar pyxenmno, no
ne pasronapxr nomexy cn.
Tnnexpnre rnear na renennsnxra xaro na camorno
saannenne. Ponrennre nnn rn nxma, nnn ce sarnapxr n
xyxnxra, sa a nsxrar or nenpexcnarnx norox or opasn.
uecro
noro. Te oaue rpcxr cemecrno, c xoero a ro samecrxr, r.
e. ncenocemecrno. Cne xaro ce nacxnrar, pasxoneann,
mnomnre ce npnnpar no xmnre cn. Fespaornnara
yrexnxna ome noneue nponema. Fnx samnnan nancrnna, axo
nmax cpecrna."
Tnnexpnre ne camo nxmar npano a paorxr, npen a
nanpmar 18 ronnn, no opn n cne rasn nspacr na rxx
rerne sannaxa or espaornna. Bce no-ronxm po or resn
mnan xopa na nocrmnomecxa nspacr sacxar n omonere na
ponrennre cn xaro penen. Bcexn nr, xoraro maxara n
amara rn xapar a nsnxsar or nacnnnoro cn ccroxnne na
nesannrepeconanocr, nneprnocr n anarnx xm ncnuxo
naoxono, xm cemennre ena, xm rpcenero na paora, na
nsmoxnocrn sa npo]ecnonanno oyuenne nnn xm xaxnoro n
a e connanno sannmanne, re orronapxr: Tona ne e nama
paora."'
Ha raxnna mnaexn ne ce e nanarano a noemar ncrnncxa
orronopnocr sa cee cn nnn sa xaxnoro n a nno. a mnnar c
npaxocmyxauxa, a nycnar nepannxra nnn a npexapar nsnecr-
no npeme y pyro cemecrno n uyxnna. Tn xnneem n rasn
xma n or ree cmo sanncn nemara a npnxr ope Cnes na
semxra n noema orronopnocrn nape c pyrnre oxono ree
He cn nnne npemero n npecrann a neem."
Texuume apev+eumu oouruoeeuo ca: He npae uuro+v
uuuo, +o paooma e rar ue cu nperapea+ epe+emo. "
Ponrennre morar a ornpnar: He mn rn ronopn na mene
resn nema. Hcxam a snam c xaxno nn nomaram? Hpann nemo
nnn ce maxa. Camo rneam xora me ce cene na macara, a
npes ocrananoro npeme ne npannm nnmo, a camo cn npenm na
spanero. To cn e rnoe, no none a npmnm nemo nonesno."
3a cxanenne mnoro ponrenn ca nsrynnn ncxxaxn
xonraxr c enara cn. Mnanre nenpexcnaro rn nponoxnpar,
xaro ne npoxnxnar xenanne sa xaxnoro n a e nno. Ome ena
npnunna a nm ce ae nsmoxnocr a onnrar cnnnre cn n
nero nono, xoero a rn monnnsnpa.
Konxo nrn no npeme na nona cre cpemann xopa, xonro
nsrnexar es xenanne sa xnnor n enpnmnpann. Hannenrn,
roxy-mo nanycnann ncnxnarpnunn onnnnn, mom pasepar, ue
rpxna a ce pexr na onamxa or 4 uaca npes nomra, sa a
nonyuar xnx, cranar n ro npanxr. B xenannero cn a xannar
npecen xnx re sapanxr sa enpecnxra cn n ce opxr a
onenexr na ncxxa nena.
enara ce uyncrnar no-ope, axo ponrennre nm nmar
cno xnnor na noxa n cemecrnoro, nmecro a nm narxxnar,
ue ce xeprnar sa rxx. noxara rpxna a cmecrnyna n a ce
npoxnxna xaro raxana npe enara, opn xoraro e n xpnsa.
Tona e na-oporo cpecrno a ce nocrnrne pannonecne n a
ce namann nanpexennero, xaro ce noenn. noxara cmo
rpxna a nma cnoxra cnooa, xaxro n erero. Ponrennre
xnnexr Hxonomnuecxn cnnoreno, xaro na momenrn npemenno
ce oraneuanar enn or pyr, n pyrn ce cnnxanar. erero
uyecno pasnpa, axo my e oxcneno, ue maxara nnn
amara nsnamepxna a cxnmun non pax, samoro xaro
nnnnn ro nnn rx ne xenae a ce cnee xnnorr my camo o
ponxra na ponren. To opn ynaxana nooen nsop, xaro ce
nsxnmana or mnanx yx na ama cn nnn na maxa cn.
Ho-+a.rum opo oea e ce+ecmeomo ue eoou sao.ru-
me.uo oo cepixnpomermueuocm, xaparmepua npu
ome.eroauomo u esnumaeauemo ua eouucmeeuo oeme,
cmuea oa e ua.ue
re.auue sa uoeu qop+u ua ce+ecmeu, +uoeoqa+u.eu,
coua.usupau rueom.
3apanara n Knra sa noneue or eno ere n cemecrno,
nponxrynana or nxonomnuecxn copaxennx namanxnane
na paxaemocrra c nen cnaane na emorpa]cxnx pcr, noxas-
na n orpomen mama nponemnre na sanannre crpann, xero
orxasr na cemecrnara or noneue ena nma naronornunn noc-
nennn.
Hosnanax xnraen, xoro cneuenn crnnennx sa 4 ronnn n
Hapnx. Ponrennre my, cenxnn, nnn nerpamornn. To ca-
mnxr oaue ce yun ornnuno n nxnoro ceno pemana a my no-
morne. nxna ce na nsxnmunrenno rexx xonxypc, n xoro ce
ce ccnnnar, ocranxr ce a rn excnnoarnpar, nmecro a cn
xnnexr xnnora, a ar cnoonn, a npnemar nemara no-
nexo."
Beue nxma a rn uyere a xasnar: Hpeuar mn a xnnex, ne
mn paspemanar a nsnnsam." Ormnna npemero, xoraro nm ce
nanarame nxxaxn pexnm. H a ne ce ornacxme sa rxx
xonxperno, re rnpxxa, ue ponrennre nm ornemar
cnooara. Tona nnnsame n peneproapa na mnomara, xoro
nenpemenno ce nsxapname sarnopnnx na ponrennre cn.
Hanpemero enara ce nounnxnaxa. Hxxon camo ce
cnpornnnxnaxa n xoraro ne ycnxnaxa a ce nanoxar,
npensnnxnaxa cxanan n nanycxaxa oma. nemnnre mnomn
npenounrar a ocranar n a nanmanar nacnnno rona, xoero
n rexnnre oun e ]nacxo nnn nponan. He nsnnxna xon]nnxr,
r xaro nxma xaxno a npensnnxa onasn arpecnnnocr, xoxro
moxeme a ce nspasn cc: Hpornnonocranxm rn ce, samoro
ne mn paspemanam a npanx xaxnoro ncxam, a as ne xenax a
a xaro ree", nnn: He ncxam a npanx rona, xoero rn
npannm; nsnpam pyro " Cera n na-opnx cnyua re ca
neyrpannn nanmarenn, xonro nxmar xaxno a npanxr. Karo
ue nn ca npocro ryx, sa a ar cnnerenn na ynaxa na no-
nspacrnnre. He morar a ce nenrn]nnnpar, samoro nxmar
nean. Tyx ca, sa a xpnrnxynar nspacrnnre.
Tvr ca, sa oa uao.moaeam mxuama oeepaoau,
oespesv.mamuocm, omnvcuamocm, nopareuue.
Tosn rnn noneenne e xapaxrepno sa mnanre enponenn.
To ne ce cpema npn amepnxannnre, nnro npn xnonnnre, xonro
xnnexr n ycnonnx na cnnna xonxypenrnocr n unnro ponrenn
nenpexcnaro rn nornxnar, rnacxann or xenannero cn a rn
nnxr na ncxxa nena cpe npeycnxnamnre.
B A+epura u e Bnouu ece oue ue ce saoe.sea ouoea
npeoopuam ua po.ume, roemo e Eepona e qarm. Puouume
ee:e opom +uuvcume ua ceoume pooume.u, ramo usoupam
noeeoeuue ua csepame.u Oronaeam ce e oo+a u oes
rareomo
u oa e ooopore.ame.cmeo uao.moaeam pooume.ume cu,
oeueam rueoma u+, opara u+ He nocmneau mara, :e oa
uanpaeuu vooeo.cmeue ua reua cu ", u.u r+ +arama: Tu
usoouo ue pasoupau oaua +u", Bue eooume omepamume.eu
rueom ", He oou:ame npoqecuume cu ", 3auo ce
ocmaeme ua ueqoeeme oa eu ercn.oamupam? ".
Te ncmnocr ronopxr rona, xoero ponrennre ca ncxann a
nm nnymar, oxaro ca nnn ena. Tpyn ce, sa a nmam
opa npo]ecnx. A rn onuam nn cnoxra? He''
Hosnanam amn, xonro ouaxnar nencnonnpanero cn or 30-
ronmna nspacr n nenpexcnaro ro nonrapxr npe cnnonere
cn. Ho na-yuynamoro e, ue opn ponrennre a ca namepnnn
npnsnannero cn n a nmar npecrnxnn npo]ecnn, opn a ca
mnoro nnamnunn n axrnnnn, me uyere enara nm a xasnar:
,Ocranxre ce a nn excnnoarnpar." Bne cre paoroxonnnn.
no xnnorr e n nemo pyro, cmecrnyna npnpoara,
nornenere ropara, nycrnnxra." Meuraxr a ca no-nnso o
npnpoara, a n cmoro npeme nonsnar c yononcrnne ncnuxn
nara na nporpeca. Veena cm nce nax, ue enara na
cnoprncrn, na aprncrn, na yuenn cranar npenpnemunnn
nnunocrn. enara na Mapnx Kmpn ne ca nsnaann n noonn
ymennn ccroxnnx.
B CAL u Bnouu pooume.ume ca ramo mpeuiopu ua
oeama cu. Te mpoea oa uanpaem ua ecra eua ua+nuouu
om mx... Cucme+ama enpo:e+ ce cnmcmea om oepo+eu
opo ueo.aeono.v:u no nm u usxep. uenpercuamo
uevcne.u, usm.acrauu, usocmaeeuu om cooama xopa. Om
useecmuo epe+e e CAL, a omcropo u e Bnouu ce uao.moaea
meuoeuu ua oopam u ua npeoc+uc.ue. Tuueorpume
ee:e ue +auuqecmupam no v.uume, a ce oopuam r+
pooume.ume cu. Hue usoouo ue suae+ rareo ue cmaue c uac.
Ho ueooxoou+o .u e e rpaua c+emra uenpe+euuo oa suae+
rareo ue npaeu+? Bue uenpercuamo eoeopume sa e.u, sa
paseumue, sa ocuecmeeaue, rareo ecuuocm osua:aeam
ecu:ru mesu ov+u
9
"
Bn upannnx napn nce ome cnnen ccresarenen yx, xaro
no, panno no nnrensnrer na nmonra. Heyrpannsnpanero na
nsanmoornomennxra", mnuannero, cpemy xoero nnxo ne
pearnpa, xaro ue nn ca n pea na nemara n rosn cnxr na
ynax. B namn nn rona e camo ena renennnx, xoxro oaue
sanouna a pe nanara opn cpe pxononnre cpen n no-
cnennanno cpe npecrannrennre na nsnnnnrennara nnacr n
omecrnennre enn. Vcrpemr na omecrnoro nnn rona,
xoero ce npoxnxname upes opara sa connanna
cnpanennnocr, cnaa c ncexn nsmnnan en.
Hore.ax+e oa ce sanosuae+ c onuma ua eoua ro+vua,
esuurua.a ua roonepamueuu ua:a.a, Ha Cume oe apou "
e Meoou
4
, sa romo +uoeo ce eoeopeue. Toea oe ucmopuma
ua maqa npume.u, roumo npes 70-me eoouuu ou.u
armueucmu ua Coua.ucmu:ecrama napmu. Cneua.ucmu c
eucue oopasoeauue, eceru c es+oruocm oa cu rvnu
anapma+eum. Eouu om mx ou. apxumerm u mara ce paroa
uoema oa cu nocmpom coocmeeu +a.r +urporoc+oc, c oouu
no+eueuu u cceouu oauu, vcmpoeuu oa ce +uuaea om eoua e
opvea, mara :e oeama oa +oeam oa ce rnm saeouo.
Hpeoeuoeua ou.a omoe.ua oorcouuepa sa espacmua reua,
romo ua ooopoeo.uu ua:a.a ce epure.a sa oeama.
Onumm usopra. oocma o.eo, uo nocmeneuuo uacmnu.o
paso:apoeauue om coua.ucmu:ecrama uoe. Coua.ucmume
npecmaua.u oa ooam moea, roemo ou.u e ua:a.omo.
Evqopuma npoo.ru-m 68 eoouuu. eama no moea epe+e
ou.u e .ameumuu cu cmaou (er. o. cmp. 19). Hse.eroa.u
+uoeo uacm.ueu om moea, :e rueee.u u uepae.u saeouo e
eoua ooua rua. Lo+ ramo cmaua.u ooa:e muouu,
npeomo u+ re.auue ou.o oa cu ua+epm ca+ocmome.uu
cmau e epaoa. Tosu +o+eum uacmnu. +uoeo no-pauo,
omro.romo npu +.aoume xopa om cceouume oouruoeeuu
ru.uuuu reapma.u. Moe.o e oa ce npeono.aea, :e me ue
u+am re.auue oa ocmauam no-o.eo e masu omeopeua
ce+eua cpeoa, a ce no.v:u.o oopamuomo.
Koe e na-nonoxnrennoro n rosn onnr: cne xaro nsnnnuar
i Meon qpencxo uoepno nperpane na mrosana o1 Hapna B np
oxpa nonsara or raxn xomynncrnuecxn naunn na xnnor,
mnanre unenone na xomynara yspxnar no-pano sa pemennero
a ce orenxr or ponrennre, xonro nm ro nnn nanoxnnn. H
ome: xnnennero nocrmnomecrno" nsnnxna no-pxxo n
cemecrna, n xonro nspacrnnre ca ope crpyxrypnpann n
spano cnpsann nomexy cn. Ouennno e, ue ropeonncannxr
moen c norncxamoro cn nsecrnne npensnnxna peaxnnx na
orxnpnxne, sacnnna xenannero sa npexnnxnane na pyr onnr
n sa rpcene na cno cocrnen nr.
IAABA HETHPHHAECETA
HOBOTO HRFOBHO HOBEEHHE
Hpen ome a ce pasnpocrpann ronemnxr crpax or CHHH,
xxa nynnxynann pesynrarnre or eno rnpe nnrepecno
nscnenane na ne rpynn momuera n momnuera npxy
snauennero na nn]opmannxra ornocno npornnosauarunnre
cpecrna n uecrorara na npnxrnane o r. nap. .opononno
npexcnane Ha pemennocrra". Hscnenanero ce pxononno
or nsnecren (rnnexonor n Monnenne. Ena or rpynnre
nonyuana nn]opmannx sa npornnosauarunnre cpecrna n sa
nocnennnre or |nenryanno repanenrnuno aoprnpane.
pyrara, r. nap. cnn-nerencxa" rpyna, ce ccron or cmnx
po ena, xonro oaue nxmar nn]opmannx no nnpoca. Cne
34 ronnn cpannxnar pox na opononnnre npexcnannx na
pemennocrra n nere rpynn, xaro yuacrnnnnre ca noxanenn
a orronopxr na nxxonxo nnpoca. Crana xcno, ue momnuerara
or r. nap. nn]opmnpana" rpyna, maxap ue ne ncnuxo nm e
xcno, none snaxr xax ca sapemenenn, oxaro n cnnerencxara
rpyna ncnuxn ronopxr sa uncra cnyuanocr. Momnuerara or
rasn rpyna ne onycxar, ue enn onxnonen cexcyanen xonraxr
e ocraruen a sapemenexr, nnro nx pasnpar, ue e no-
ope a ce ynorpexnar npornnosauarunn cpecrna, nmecro
a ce npnxrna o npexcnane na pemennocrra. B
nn]opmnpanara rpyna na 150-re yuacrnnnn ce naar 4
npexcnannx na pemennocrra, a n pyrara na cmnx po
anxernpann 11. 96 % or ncnuxn mom-uera n momnuera
nmann cexcyannn npsxn na 15-ronmna nspacr, momuerara
na 14 ronnn, momnuerara na 15. Honeuero
nnn poom or eno manxo rpaue n Rxna upannnx. 4 %
nmann sa npnn nr cexcyanen xonraxr na 16-ronmna
nspacr. Tesn, xonro nnn nn]opmnpann, nonsnar no-uecro
xanuera npornn sapemenxnane. Momuerara or npna rpyna
snaxr, ue n mnnnmanen xonraxr moxe a crane npnunna
momnuero a sapemenee, opn ome npnnx nr, oxaro resn
or pyrara rpyna mncnxr, ue nnxora ne moxe a crane or
npnnx nr. pyr nnrepecen orronop n npnara rpyna e, ue n
uernpnre momnuera, npexcnann pemennocrra cn, saxnxnar,
ue ne ca MOF-nn a ce nspxar or cexcyannn xonraxrn
nopan cnnnoro cn xenanne sa ere. Cne xaro sapemenenn
oaue, re nsnanann n nannxa npn mncnra sa nocnecrnnxra.
Taxa nnpexn nonxra cn re rpxnano a npexcnar
pemennocrra, r xaro csnanann, ue ne morar a noemar
rpnxnre sa erero. Bce nax xxa pascxanann noneue sa
nocnecrnnxra or npexcnanero na pemennocrra. B rpynara
na nenn]opmnpannre mnanre xopa rnear na aopra xaro na
xpano npornnosauaruno cpecrno. Kax pemnxre a
npnernere o aopr? Mama mn xasa." B nauanoro, xoraro
ca nm ce oxcnxnann nemara, enara rneann xaro nanann or
Mapc, pasnpaxn, ue ne opononnoro npexcnane na
pemennocrra e na-oporo npornnosauaruno cpecrno. Hpn
resn, npn xonro opasonannero ne nno na nncora, rpxnano
a ce npeoonee yxacnara cnpornna na ponrennre, xonro ne
paspemanann na enara cn a yuacrnar n noonn cemnnapn.
Hpnnx nr or 150-re ouaxnann ena, unnro ponrenn nnn
npeynpeenn, ce xnnnn camo 3 momuera. Pxononrenxr na
nscnenanero, mnoro nsnecren nexap, me] na orenenne n
rnnexonornunara xnnnnxa n Monnenne, ycnxn a cepe
ncnuxnre sa cnenamara cnpxa naroapenne na
nsxnmunrennoro cn ymenne a xonraxryna c ena. enara
nnn nopann or yunnnmara n pernona.
Marap u oa ce pasoe.m npera.euo pauo c
oeecmeeuocmma cu, muouume om sanaouume cmpauu
enoc.eocmeue u+am +a.ro ucmuucru cercva.uu roumarmu
npeou 1820-eoouuua espacm.
Hnaronnuna nnrnmnocr. Tnnexpnre cn pasmenxr c
xcras nxnre, nnxr xoxa-xona or eno mnme, nymar ena n
ctma nnrapa xamnm n ce nenynar nape. Hocnecrnnxra or
mecenoro yunnnme ca ouennnn. Ha momuerara n
momnuerara nnncna pasnnnrenoro nopaxenne or enoxara,
xoraro yue-xa pasenenn n nmaxa nsmoxnocr a ce nnxar
enncrneno npes cnoonoro cn npeme.
Paseoeap.a c+ sa esau+oomuoueuuma +erov +ra u
reuama c +.aou a.rupu: npu mx uumu+uocmma e maov.
a ese+e+ npu+epa ua paseeoeua a.rupra, ocmaua.a ca-
+a c oee oea ua 12 u ua 13 eoouuu. Hpuuvoeua e oa ce
epue npn pooume.ume cu, roumo ue sameapm, uo u
saopaueam oa us.usa om ruu, ramo moea ce npue+a e
peoa ua ueuama. H ua-+a.r onum sa cnpomuea om ueua
cmpaua e ue+uc-.u+. He +ore u ov+a oa cmaea oa noucra
oa us.ese c.eo 10 :aca ee:epma, ueuo noee:e, reuama,
romo e ua 30 eoouuu, ue c+ee u oa cu no+uc.u, :e +ore oa
nocmaeu enpoca ua oaua cu. B a.rupcrama rv.mvpa
maovmo epxv uumu+uume npoo.e+u e mo.roea cmpoeo, :e
re.auuemo ua +.aoume oa usrueem ueuo pasmpceauo,
uao+oeearu ecu:ru npe:ru, cmaea uenpeooo.u+o. B
vc.oeuma ua moma.ua npuuvoa .m-ooema, romo muouu
usnumeam r+ +o+u:e, roemo u+ e saopaueuo oa oou:am no
coua.uu u ce+euu npu:uuu, ce sa-cu.ea oo maraea cmeneu,
:e +o+:emama ce :vecmeam eomo-eu oa usoeam c pucr oa
ooam uan.uo omxep.euu om r.a-ca u ooeeuu sa
npeoame.u. Bsuurea enpocm, oa.u ee 4pauu, roemo
+o+u:emama u +o+:emama ca ceoooouu oa ce oeuram
saeouo uaeope-uaoo.v u roemo oes uurareo npumecueuue
eceru ce e.vea c eceru, re.auuemo u u+nv.cu-me ue
omc.aoeam e pesv.mam ua mo.roea +uoeo ceooooa.
Hosnanax xena, unro cnpyr e npecranan a x nenyna no
ycrnnre. Fnn x cnannn", xaro x nenynan, n orrorana rx
nenpexcnaro rpcena nxxo a x nenyna raxa. Cnpyrr
oaue nnxora neue ne cnoenxn c nex nenynxara. uyncrnana ce
xaro momnuenne.
B mnnanoro anrnnuannre, xaxro n pycnannre, ce nenynann
no ycrara. Mxr mn pasxasname: Ho rona nsomo ne e
xaro a ce nenynam." Bcnuxn snaenn, ue raxana nenynxa ne
osnauana nnmo. B npanocnannara npxna nenynar nona no
ycrara n ro no cmnx naunn nenyna ncnuxn nape, no rona
ca nenompenn nenynxn. Cera mnaexnre, xonro ce nenynar
no ycrnnre na nynnunn mecra, npnxrnar o rosn xecr, sa a
noxaxar na oxonnnre, ue ca saeno. B Rxna Amepnxa nmano
npeme, xoraro na ncxxa nopra moxeno a ce nnn nsnpaneno
momnue, npnrncnaro or nxxoe momue. Fnno ce npenpnano
nourn n samecrnren na xonryc.
B Pu+ no v.uume rpa :eu+ume u qoumauume, e
epaouurume u no n.ouaoume e n.uo c +o+u:ema, xua.u
+o+:ema e nosu ua cervn.euue. He ca+o :e moea ce e
npeepua.o e ueuo oaua.uo, a ramo :e .u :vecmeeuocmma
omc.aoea, e c+uc. :e eouu mare qusu:ecru uumeusueeu
roumarm e oes sua:euue.
uyncrnenocrra ce ryn, cernnara ne ca raxa nsocrpenn
xaxro npen.
Hoee:e om eeous+ no oea+a, ueuo ramo oevno.oe
qaumas+.
Te ca xaro par n cecrpa.
B uaue epe+e ce saoe.sea qe+uuusupaue ua muouume.
Ha 1213-ronmna nspacr momnuerara npemnnanar npes
]asa na neonpeenenocr, xoxro neyrpannsnpa nannno
cexcyannocrra. Eno xencxo cnncanne nanpann anxera, sa a
noxaxe xax mnanre ce onpeenxr no ornomenne na
xomocexcyannocrra. Anxertopnre n nanor c mnomnre, xonro
ca cxnonnn a pasronapxr na rasn rema, ce onnrnar a
pasepar xax re nsxnnxnar nmonnoro npnnnnuane xm nnna
or cmnx non, npnxren nnn npnxrenxa. Oxasna ce, nponemr
nm e, ue ne snaxr ann rpxna a nsnnrnar rpenora nnn nnna
or noono nneuenne. He ce e namepnno xo a nm xaxe: Tona
npnnnnuane cncem ne osnauana, ue nne me cranere
xomocexcyanncr."
Hxxon ecrnnrenno morar a orxpnxr y cee cn raxana
ocoenocr n a x npnemar, no sa noneuero crana yma sa
npemenno ccroxnne, cmo xapaxrepno sa mnomecxnx
nepno. Hpexnnxnanero e napnncrnuno, ne xomocexcyanno.
Cpema na Asa c Asa. Haunn a onosnaem uyncrnenocrra cn c
nxxo cno nonnx, no ne n npsxa, paxama xnnor. Hemo
xaro ennepmanna npsxa, oxocnane, no ne n ncrnncxo
cnnnane.
He usnumeam .u noooouu mauoe+u muouu om eouu
no., useecmua cpa+er.ueocm r+ npomueono.oruu no.?
Moxe a ce npenonara, ue na momuerara mexy 5- n 7-ro-
nmna nspacr e nnncnano cyuacrnnuecrnoro c amara
cnpxmo maxara-n cecrpara. erero ocrana es neannoro as",
xo-ero a my nomorne a ce ocmecrnn n xnnora xaro
ncrnncxn mx... Cmoro e nannno n sa momnuerara, xonro
nsnnrnar ncenoxomocexcyannocr. Maxnre na raxnna
momnuera ca nmann rpynocrn no npeme na xerepocexcyannnx
cran na mepnuxnre cn, xonro nsrnexann rnpe
ouaponann" or rarxoro, xoro rn rnesen n nm orcrnnan
nenpexcnaro, ncmnocr maxnre ca pennynann mepnre cn
sapan nnacr-ra, xoxro ca nmann npxy amnre.
B +o+eumu ua omrpoeeuue oeeorume npusuaeam, :e oa-
re u oa ue ca usnumea.u uuroea no+erov cu .mooeuo u qu-
su:ecro npue.u:aue, moea, roemo eu e cepsea.o, ou. cmpa-
xm om eo.e+u neuuc". Hooooeu cmpax ue e .u uac.eoeu
no reucra .uuu?
He nx xasana. Ho-cxopo e nspas na necsnananoro xena-
nne a ar nsnacnnenn. Crpemexr a e pyranno
nsna-cnneno e uyncrnoro, xoero noxpanna y momnuero
xenannero xm amara.
Ho oopu u oa ce npoeea ramo cmpax, ece nar cmaea
ovua sa re.auue.
Touno raxa. Maxap n npoxneno xaro ]onx, nannne e xena-
nne. 3a ronemnx nennc ce xpnxr cpnrara maxa, amara,
xoro moxe a npnunnn onxa, maxara, xoxro me re
,naryna"... He pasnpanm nn, ue sarona e ronxona ronxm,
samoro ne e sa ree, a sa ronemnre." Tona e orpomen
nennc". Konxoro no-onacno crana, ronxona 6-ronmnoro
momnuenne ]anrasnpa no-cnnno npxy rosn rpamaen
nennc". Hecnyuano rpnnre nsopasxnar mxere c nennc na
10-ronmno momue. Te ca nnn naxcno, ue sa a ar rneann
n or mnan xenn, ne rpxna a nsnunar nnmo xnnornncxo.
Henncr nenpemenno e snax sa mxecrnenocr, no ne nna a
ce nsnpnema xaro sannaxa. Hnnero nsnuna mxecrnenocr, a
nononnxr unen e ercxn. nec, xoraro xennre ca no
nsecrnnero na noonn ]anrasmn, cnpsann c orpomnnx
nennc, rona osnauana, ue nm e nnncnan onnr c momuera na
rexnnre ronnn n ue nponxanar a xnnexr c yxacno
nepnepsnnre cn ]anrasnn or ercxara nspacr. Cnyunano mn
ce e a nexynam ena, nsnacnnenn or xonnnre cn. Ho npeme
na cecnn re pncynaxa nnnarn eranno o na-manxnx xocm
mxxnx unen, no n mnnnarmpen nn, nncxm xaro na xonen.
Bcexn nr ce nsnenanax or rona peno yxpamenne", c
xoero enara c nsnpareno csnanne n pesynrar or rona
nacnnne nsopasxnaxa n pncynxnre cn recrnxynn n nenncn. B
raxnna cnyuan enara na-uecro npexcnar yunnnme.
Bcmnocr raxa paspax cmncna na pennre nsopaxennx na
mxxnre nononn oprann n anrnunnre craryn.
Heomoaeua au-Mapu Kaeaoa noceemu eouo om ceoume
me.eeusuouuu npeoaeauu ua me+ama More+ .u oa
eoeopu+ sa uoe mun .mooeua oeora" u Kareo e .mooema sa
+.aoume". Orasea ce, :e ua-npue.erame.uomo e .mooema
sa cepe+euuume +.aoeru ue e cmpacmma. Hanpomue, me
opram +uoeo noee:e +a eepuocmma. Mooama ua .voama
.mooe e om+uua.a, a .mooeuume omuoueuu ua csuaeauo
paeuuue osua:aeam npeou ecu:ro ueruocm u esau+uo
ooeepue.
Hoxpenxm resn mnan xopa, xonro ca paspann, ue
nepnocrra ne e camo ]nsnuecxa. Te xaro ue nn ncxar a nn
xaxar, ue crpacrra e xaro ocrpo saonxnane, xaro rexx
ponxnr nnn
xpema, xoxro moxe a ce nsnnra n xm rpero nnne. Ho ro ne
nna a e aprymenr nnn nono sa nsmxna. noxara cc
nnn es crpannunn ynneuennx ocrana.
Koeamo sanumam e.moeuu oeoru e ua:a.omo ua
ce+ecmuu u+ rueom rareo o:aream eouu om opve, me
omeoeapm .arouu:uo: Uvecmea+e ce ooope saeouo."
He e .u moea n.uo oopreaue ua euuocmume? Moeam .u
qusu:ecromo o.areucmeo u :vecmeomo sa o.aeono.v:ue oa
ce cpaeueam c .mooeuomo :vecmeo?
Mncnx, ue mnanre ce opmar no rosn naunn ornono xm
ernuecxnre nennocrn, xonro nnnarn ca nmann cnonre
npnnpxennnn nn upannnx: noxara ocrana, a crpacrnre ca
npemennn. Hpes mnnannx nex xaro peaxnnx na rona, ue
paxonere ce cxnmunann no nnrepec n npnnynrenno,
meuraenn sa pax or nya nmon. To ecrecrneno nn opeuen
na neycnex. Bn-narn cmecrnyna amnnanenrnocr, no
amnnanenrnocr, xoxro non o nsanmno ynaxenne n
cnoenena orronopnocr. Tona ne nsxnmuna npemennnre
nsnenepn or no nxxonxo cemnnn sapa-n nxxoe crpannuno
ynneuenne.
Ho ue euroame .u e moea npera.euo eo.+ rouqop+u-
s+?
He, n nnxaxn cnyua, samoro e nponxrynano or na-ncx-
penn n orxponenn uyncrna, xoero onycxa crpacrnn ynneue-
nnx, npnxnmuennx n npemennn npsxn. Moxe a ce cnn na-
cernna nrn c nxxoro es nnmo noneue. Cera, xoraro cmecr-
nynar npornnosauarunn xanuera, nxma onacnocr or nexenann
eera. Pxxo n paxa enara ne ca nancrnna xenann. Pasnpa
ce, mxr moxe a e nramen: ro moxe a nma ena or
xenara, xoxro onua, no moxe n a ce nnmn n a noncxa ere
n or pyra xena, xm xoxro cmo sanouna a nsnnrna noxn
uyncrna. To ncxa ere or rasn xena n rx cmo. erero e
nsnnpauno. Cnpemennnre saxonn onycxar amara a ro
nan-pann cmo cno nacnennx cne cmprra cn. Tona e xaro
a ce nsrpne cpamr oxono nesaxonopoenoro. Touno raxa
rpxna
a e, ome noneue, ue nmame nyxa or ena. Mnanre
pasnpar, ue paxr e nemo no-pasnnuno or crpacrra.
Hmooema ue +ore oa ce oepauu:u ca+o oo cv:acmuu:ec-
meomo...
ymara cyuacrnnuecrno cpxa nmanc na nnnonnocr.
a cn cyuacrnnx osnauana a yuacrnam c nxxoro n
npecrnnenne. Ho nec mnanre ro pasnpar no pyr naunn.
Te rnear na naprntopcrnoro xaro na nemo, xoero e noneue or
cexcyanna xapmonnx. Bxnmuna ce n nernoro, no ne camo. Hpes
XIX n ne ca ce xenenn sa cexcyannnx cn naprntop. Konxo
mtxe nmann sa nmonnnnn xenn, xonro xenaenn c rxnoro cn,
no ne onuann. Kaxna nenenocr ca nemnnre sannaxn na
cnpyrnre c pasno, axo ne e nsocranena nmonnnnara...
npnxrenxa, na xoxro mxere nm ne nocnemanar opn ynxena.
Hmenno rnenr na saxonnnre ctnpyrn e rona, xoero xapa
mxere a xpnxr xaro pxanna rana nemo, xoero ncmnocr
ne npecrannxna nnxaxna onacnocr... H xaro cn nomncnnm
camo, ue npsxara na cnpyra nm ne npomenx c nnmo
ncexnnennero, nmar ncnuxo, or xoero ce nyxaxr, enara ca
ocnrypenn, ama nm ce rpnxn sa rxx. Hanpasno! ocraruno
e n eno nncmo, enn rene]onen snn, xonro a nm pasxpnxr
nsnnpaunara npsxa, sa a noncxar cxcnane nenara. Tx
nnn as."
H ece nar, aro +.aoume ce saooeo.m ca+o c
napmuiopcmeo, ue ce .u .uuaeam om eo.+ama cmpacm?
3amo? Te nnnarn nmar nsmoxnocr a nsnnrar raxana
crpacr nsnn noxara.
He e .u uumpoeepmuo noooouo noeeoeuue u.u uapucus+
no oea+a?
Moxe n. Ho nxma a e neuno no nama, samoro me
oar enara...
Hosnanam enn mx: pasnee ce c npnara cn xena, or
xoxro nma nama cnna, cera nspacrnn xopa. Ennnxr e xenen
n neue e ama. Hayunx, ue mxr ce pasnen nropn nr. Henn
5
ronnn as n cnpyrr mn ro nnxaxme c nropara my xena n cn
mncnex, ue my e npnxrenxa, samoro nsrnexame na nerona
nspacr. Feme npnnnexarenna n mnoro pasnnuna or xena my,
nnrennrenrna, orrneana enara my n na xoxro ouennno ro
pxeme mnoro. Hacxopo ena neuep ro xanx na neuepx n ro
mn comana, ue nxma namepenne a ce xenn sa ceramnara cn
npnxrenxa, c xoxro xnnee or rpn ronnn. Hnram ro: 3amo ce
pasnee c npnara cn cnpyra, xoxro nosnanaxme c Fopnc
9
"
,Hxmame ocoenn npnunnn, cera, xoraro x nnxam ornono, n
namara nsnnrname yononcrnne or cpemnre nn, no rorana
neue ne nn ocranxme yononcrnne a em saeno... Tx ce
nouyncrna ope c enn mx, no-mna or mene, oxaro as cm
na nennre ronnn. As cmo cpemnax xena, c xoxro mn e
ope. uyncrnam ce nennxonenno, apxname cn uyecnn
mnrone enn na pyr. Tx e cnoona..." Kasnam cnoona"...
Hsnenepxna nn rn?" He, samo a mn nsnenepxna, as cm
cnooen, no ne nsnenepxnam. Ero, neuepxm c re rasn
neuep, a rx e na cxn n nsomo ne pennyna, ue cme saeno;
mnoro e ononna n no rene]ona mn xasa: nospann
npnxrenxara rn upancoas..." H nce nax c resn rpn xenn n
xnnora rn, na xox ce uyncrnam cnpyr?" 3naem nn, xaro ue
nn na ncxxa no pasnnuen naunn, no Mncnx, ue me sanpma
xnnora cn c npnara mn xena." 3amo?" Amn nsnn
yononcrnnero n ]nsnuecxara nmon c nex pn cnpsname na-
opo npnxrencrno. uyncrnam ce xpano macrnnn n cera na
cemennre npasnnnn, xero nne cme xo n aa sa namnre
nnynn." Hpnnexam rosn npnmep, samoro ro noxasna nenara
na npnxrencrnoro mexy mxa n xenara, xoraro re ce
uyncrnar cnoonn.
Hpeo ooeuume oea esuurea es+oruocm sa uoe euo
coua.usau. Le ce coooum no aqpuraucru c +uoeo :u:oe-
u, .mooeuuu ua +arume u+.
Koraro mxr, unxro cemena ncropnx nn pasxasax,
cepnosen n orronopen uonex, ce pasennn c maxara na enara
cn. Cnnonere my nnn na 16 n na 18 ronnn. Te nponxnnn
a xnnexr npn ama cn. Ornpeme nanpeme ce uynano: Hncna
mn
or re, ornnam npn maxa mn." Vuennnn n rnmnasnxra, re
nnn ononnn or nsmoxnocrra sa cmxna.
3a oea e nvoepmem pucrm oa ue ce npucnocoom e no-
eo.+.
B onncannx cnyua cnnonere oranna mnnann nyeprera.
Cnpemennnre npann cnope men nsncxnar no-cnnnn ena or
npen. Te n no-pso me ce npenpmar n anronomnn
nnunocrn.
Ce.acuu .u cme c Ee.uu Cm.po, romo c+ma, :e
om+uuaeauemo ua +ooama ua .mooeuume oocueuu cuo
u+a sua:euue? T u+a npeoeuo enoxama, roeamo ca ce nuca.u
.mooeuu noc.auu. 3anaseuu ca e.uveauu nuc+a ua
eouuu om qpouma npes 1914 e. oo cnpveume u eooeuuume
u+. More ou .mooeuume noc.auu ca npue.u ouec opvea
qop+a, r+ romo eemepauume ue ca :vecmeume.uu?
Tnnexpnre mncnxr, ue nspasxnar nmonnnre cn
uyncrna, xaro cnymar saeno nnn noorenno mysnxa. B namn
nn a noapnm nnoua nnn xacera c nmonnn necnn nma
cronocrra na nnuno nncmo o nmnmara.
Hpen nnnarn noapxnaxa nnerx. Kaxere mn ro c nnere."
Cmecrnyname esnx na nnerxra.
M.aoomo noro.euue uae.ese +ore ou e enoxama ua
.mooeuu vmm. Mapce. E+e
x
ocroaue uume.ermva.uu
ro+qopm. Ceea uacmnea cercva.uum
noxnre rnnexpn npenounrar a ocranar nn
npemero na nmonnara narenrnocr. Orananero ne e nnno.
Hpanxr cn nsanmno ycnyra, xonxoro a ne ca camn. Fxrcrno or
camorara na nspacrra na mnaocrra", naunn a ce
npeoonee nnncara na ncrnncxo omynane c momnuerara n
yunnnme, npnunna sa xoero e n ue momuera n momnuera yuar
saeno...
Karo npexapnar no-ronxmara uacr or npemero cn n
npexanena nnsocr, momnuerara n momuerara ne morar a
ce npe-
1 Mapcen Eme ]pencxn nncaren (19021967)F np
npnar n nean enn sa pyr. Te ne cn ronopxr ncrnncxn... Ha
13 ronnn yuennuxnre npenounrar a ar c npnxrenxn n
raxa a nanmanar momuerara, xonro ce nspasxnar
npenepexnrenno sa rxx. Eno momue or nernre xnacone
nanpnmep nonrapxme nenpexcnaro npe npnxrennre cn, ue
momnuerara nnn camo enn ynxn". Feme na 10 ronnn.
Bmecro a nanmana esyuacrno xax momuerara rnear na
momnuerara xaro na oexr sa nonrpanxa, yunnnmero n
morno a nm nomorne a pasepar ocoenocrnre na xencxara
ncnxnxa npn nsanmoornomennxra c npornnononoxnnx non
n xonxo pasnnunn ca nennre peaxnnn n cpannenne c resn na
mxere.
Aro ce ec.vua+e e paseoeopume ua 13-, 14- u oopu 15-
eoouuuume, eeouaea ue uanpaeu+ aua.oeu c uspasa:
,Bcu:ru reuu ca rvpeu c usr.m:euue ua +ara +u. "
He nna a ce ornacxme necepnosno xm noono xnnenne.
Mncnx, ue mnomnre nnnarn ca mncnnnn raxa. Hpn nannunero
na sapana sa xpnocmemenne maxara moxe a e
enncrneno neannsnpana. Orryx ouennno cnena, ue
cexcyannocrra e camo sa mxere. Taxa rx necno ce npenpma n
nemo mpcno sa rxx. 3a xennre oaue cexcr ne moxe a
e mpcornx, samoro paxa xnnor. Momuerara, xonro
ronopxr, ue ncnuxn ca xypnn", ne ca crnrnann ome o cranx
a pasnnuanar momnuerara eno or pyro. 3a rxx ncnuxn xenn
ca enaxnn, cne xaro morar a npnnanexar nnn npnnanexar
na pyrn ocnen na rxx. Koraro ena nm ce orae, rx ne e
nnmo noneue or xypna, sa xoxro ca ce npeopnnn c nxxo
pyr. Te npocro ne ycnxnar a ce npenpnar n mxe,
cnoconn a onuar.
Ha enoxama .u eo omoaeame? Muc.ume .u, :e cmaea ov+a
sa ueuo nocmouuo?
Bcnuxn ]pencxn nonnnn or onesn, xonro no npemero na
Hyn XIV nomnar sa npensemanero na Xonannx, o resn or
Hpnara cneronna nona nnnarn ca ronopnnn no rosn naunn.
Xennre, xonro cpemann, cranann camo sa onasn paora",
ncnuxn nnn xypnn", es maxnre nm n Cnerara ena. Meu-
raenn ncnuxn xenn a npnnnuar na maxnre nm, r e. a
npnnanexar enncrneno na rxx. o XIX n. ce cmxrano, ue ca
n npanoro cn a ynxr rosn, xoro ce sarnea n cecrpa nm.
Karo ue nn cecrpnre nm xpnocmecnrencxn nm
npnnanexann, es a rn oxocnar. Bom re ne rn oxocnann,
cnenano, ue ca neocrnnn. Kpnocmecnrencxo, n nsnecren
cmncn neocsnaro npncnoxnane Mncnx, ue xoraro momuero
na-nocne namepn xena, xoxro nancrnna my noxoxa, ro
nnxora neue nxma a ronopn, ue rx e npocrnryrxa. Be xasna:
,Tx rpyno moxe a e sannaxna", opn es a ro nspnua,
me ro uyncrna. B nn na pasouaponanne moxe ornono a
npomnnn Tx e xypna", samoro ne e ycnxn a sapxn
nnnmannero , no xoraro onua ena xena, ro ne cmxra raxa.
ocraruno e a ce samncnnre npxy ]axra, ue mxr
pasnonara c mnnnonn cnepmarosonn, a xenara camo c
ena saponmna xnerxa, ue sa enn mnr cnxynnenne rx
pncxyna 9 mecena pemennocr, n me pasepere samo nenara
cexcyannocr e pasnnuna. Cmoro ce ornacx n sa xnnornnre.
Cncem pasnnuno e nononoro noneenne na camxara n
cpannenne c rona na mxxapx. Hnrepecno e a ce nanmana
xax ce npomenx esnxr nn npsxa cc cexcyannocrra. Mncnx
oaue, ue nnnennero nnnarn cn ocrana eno n cmo.
Bnnenne, xoero rpxna a ce nsnnrana n pasnnna, raxa ue a
yspee sa uyncrnoro na orronopnocr n sa cpemara mexy
cpnero n yxa. Hancrnna nxpnam, ue npeanoro cnr-
nnuecrno e pasnnuno or epornunara nmon n ro e, xoero
npnnnnua npen ncnuxo nec mnanre. Hecnyuano or
xauecrnara na cnox naprntop re nenxr na-mnoro nepnocrra.
3a nac rona noneenne e nono. Hpen momuerara ne ce
uyncrnaxa onpsann c oemannero sa nxpnocr, xoero anaxa
n xmercrnoro nnn npe onrapa. nxnm npomxnara nce nax na
nemnoro noxonenne, xoero omyna ope n xnnora n n
ornomennxra cn c pyrnx. Cnpemennnre mnaexn ne ca nnro
npexaneno crecnnrennn, nnro npexaneno ornopenn. Te ce
pasnnuanar or npenmnnre noxonennx. Tnnexpnre
yuacrnnnn n renennsnonnn anxern ne ce npnrecnxnar a
ronopxr enn npe pyr. B npeananero na Xan-Mapn Kanaa
rpxname a xaxar xaxno
mncnxr n npnccrnnero na cnonre raxera. He snam ann
rexnnre npemecrnennnn npen 10 ronnn mxxa a ce
uyncrnar raxa cnoono. Momnuero meme a rnea xm
momuero, sa a pasepe rpxna nn a orronopn, a momuero na
cno pe meme a rnea xm momnuero. Cera ncexn
ronopeme or cnoe nme.
Koraro xasnar, ue ce uyncrnar ope saeno", re nmar
npenn: onaame cn cexcyanno." Hpen 20 ronnn nspasr
,ope saeno" nxmame rosn cmncn. Cera rona e nona
nepcnexrnna sa noxara. 3amoro ope saeno" osnauana,
ue momuero n momnuero nxmar nyxa a rpcxr nnsocr
pyrae. Moxe n xenannero ne ce cnexa neue camo o
]nsnuecxo npnnnnuane, a n o omen na xynrypnn
cronocrn. Cnopr, xoro namara onuar, xmara, xoxro
nxa ncxann a cn xynxr, enara, xonro nxa xenann a nmar
nec noxara moxe n a nxma ena, oxaro npen enara
nnann opn n a ne nnn xenann. Xenara ne moxena a
orxaxe maunncrno. Bsmoxnocrra sa nsop necmneno
npomenx nannno xnnora na noxara. Tona non o
xauecrneno non rnn nmonnn nsanmoornomennx
uACT TPETA
Bsyx sa nonoro noxonenne
,Hcra+ npaeomo ca+ oa peuaea+ sa ceoe
cu "
4u.un, 13-eoouueu
,Aro cu suae. oue ua 1011 eoouuu, :e ua
15 ue cmaueu n.uo.emeu, cu u. oa ce
nooeomeuu "
4paucoas o.mo
IHABA HETHAECETA
HPABA H 3ATHXEHH
Koeamo eoeopu+ sa sarouooame.cmeomo (mepoe
oepauu:ume.uo, ueccmome.uo u napaoorca.uo), sa
npaeomo oo-ceruo +a.o.emuume vcmauoeea+e, :e mo e no-
cropo npaeo ua espacmuume epxv mx.
H rona e na-manxoro, xoero moxe a ce xaxe. Hpanara na
mnanre ca uecro npemer na cnopone n pasnnunn rnxynannx
n anenarnnnnre cnnnma, xonro ce nponsnacxr npxy
cnopnnre xasycn. He ca manxo n cnyuanre, npn xonro o
anenannx ne ce crnra nopan rona, ue manonernnxr ne snae,
ue moxe, nnro cmee a nporecrnpa, nnro e naxcno xm xoro
n morn a ce opne. Axo orne n nonnnecxnx yuacrx,
orram me ro npenparxr xm ponrennre my.
Hesaeucu+o oa.u oememo e om opar u.u useuopa:uo, a
oopu u oa e useuopa:uo, aro e uen.uo.emuo u uee+auunu-
pauo, mo ue +ore oa uanvcue oo+a ua uacmouuume cu oes
mxuo paspeueuue npeou 18-eoouuua espacm. To ue +ore
oa usoupa ceoooouo c roeo oa ce cpeua, sauomo pooume.ume
u+am npaeo no sarou oa +v saopaum oa euroa roeomo
nomera c usr.m:euue ua oaoume u oooeume. opu
ropecnou-oeuuma cu oo noucreaue ue +ore oa no.v:aea
oes paspeueuue ua eouu om pooume.ume.
He moxe a nonyuana saneuarann nncma na apeca na po-
unrennre.
Ho enpoca sa ropecnouoeuuma ua meopu pooume.m
uacmouur u+a npaeo oa omeap nuc+ama ua oeama cu noo
san.axa om cauruu sa uapvuaeaue mauama ua .u:uama
ropecnouoeuu oceeu e c.v:aume, roeamo u+a coeouo
peueuue.
Bcmnocr ne cmecrnyna rexcr sa napymanane ranara na
nnunara xopecnonennnx na ena, nenanpmnnn 18 ronnn.
CBOFOA H 3ABHCHMOCT
1
Hcra+ oa c+ ceooooeu: Momnuera Momuera
% %
a nonyuanam n npamam nncma
no nomara .............. 78 73
a nsnnsam cncem cnoono c
npnxrenxara cn/npnxrenx cn 60 71
a nsnpam npo]ecnxra n
opasonannero cn ...... 64 62
a nsnpam necrnnnnre,
pasnneuennxra, npnxrennre cn 58 71
a pasnonaram c napnre cn 50 56
H+a+ ceooooama: Momnuera Momuera
% %
a pemanam cam xax a cn
pasnpeenxm npemero 70 58
a nsnnsam cnoono c
npnxren nnn npnxrenxa 64 41
a ce opx sa xaysa n a
1 mann]ecrnpam 56 56
Eouu cou peuaea nooooeu enpoc, ramo ce npousuac
no-cropo cpeuv ce+ecmeomo, noseo.u.o cu oa omeap sao
epoa ua muoua ropecnouoeuuma +v. Hcmopuma ua Iu
1 Connonornuecxo nscnenane. Cn Excnpec", 511 cenremnpn, 1977 r
Beap
2
norasea ro.ro opa+amu:ua +ore oa ooe nooooua
ua+eca e :acmuama ropecnouoeuu. Ca+um mo e ceoume
cno+euu Hvoama uaoeroa" saeamea no oucrpemeu ua:uu
rar npo:emeuo om +ara +v nuc+o, aopecupauo oo ueeo,
cmaua.o npu:uua npeama +v .mooe oa saepua ueuacmuo.
Axrtopr Mnmen Cnmon xasname, ue nnxora ne ycnxn a
npensmorne yapa, xoro my nanecnn ponrennre na 8-
ronmno momnuenne, xoraro sanonnnn manxa nmonna
enexxa, xoxro ro, 9-ronmen, my nn nsnparnn. Bnrnann
orpomen cxanan n my sapannnn a ro nnxa. Tona ro
npeopnano cexcyanno. To onncna pyrannara pasxna c
manxoro momnue, xoero ooxanan n c xoero my sapannnn a
ce cpema. Fnno nannno nennnna ercxa npsxa, es onacnocr
sa xpnocmemenne, a xaxna xama ce sapxana. 3apan
rnynocrra na nspacrnnre ro ne ycnxna a npeoonee
nopmanno ennonnx cn xomnnexc, xaro npenece
xerepocexcyannocrra cn npxy ere nsnn cocrnenoro cn
cemecrno n sanasn onepunnara cn nexnocr xm
nspacrnnre nxmn, es a namecna cexcyannocrra, xaro
nsocranamo ere, xoero xapar a cron camo, a pasxasna
ncnuxo na mama n rarxo n r. n.... a ce pxam n noona
nexna pasmxna na nocnannx mexy ne cmecrna e
nenpocrnmo n moxe a ce oxaxe naryno. Eno 56-
ronmno ere npexnnxna pamarnuno noono
nocerarencrno. Vnanxnero na nncmo moxe a naxpnn
napnncrnunoro n nnunocrra, ocoeno xoraro ce npann c nen a
ce npocnen cexcyannoro Honeenne. Bepoxrno oxcnennero
na noonn cnyuan e, ue nnn maxara ce nxnmuna n
xpnocmecnrencxo cnepnnuecrno sa nmonra na cnox cnn,
nnn amara npexnnxna nemo xomocexcyanno. Honxxora
amnre cmo ca nornxnann or xpnocmecnrennn nmnyncn
xm mepnre cn. Mnoro e cepnosno.
Pe.ueuma cuo +ore oa ce orare euo oepauu:euue:
+.aoume u+am npaeo oa usoupam pe.ueuma cu npeou
uaepueaue ua 18-eoouuua espacm. Peueuuemo +ore oa
ooe
2 In Feap ]pencxn ecrpaen nenen, na moa npes 60-re ronnn. F np
esemo ca+o cc ce.acuemo ua mosu, romo uocu
pooume.crume npaea...
Hspasr ponrencxn npana" e neymecren. Ho-ope n
nno a xasname ponrencxa orronopnocr".
ememo +ore oa nore.ae eo.ma +v oa ce usn.uu
noc+pmuo. Co mpoea.o oa ce npousuece no c.eouu
c.v:a: oo.uo oeme, npaeoc.aeuo, cu.uo pe.ueuosuo, ou.o
saeu.o nuc+euo re.auuemo cu oa ooe noepeoauo cnopeo
eusaumucrama npaeoc.aeua mpaouu... Karmo noee:emo
oo.uu oea, pascroaea.o +uoeo mpeseo. Ho +arama
uacmoea.a sa pu+oramo.u:ecro noepeoeuue. B rpaua
c+emra couma ce npousuec. e no.sa ua oememo.
Bom xaro ce e crnrnano o c, ponrennre rpxna a ca
nnn pasenenn n nepoxrno ennnxr e nn npanocnanen, a
pyrnxr xaronnx. Acypno e yexennxra na enara a morar
a ar ynaxenn ena cne cmprra nm.
eama om c+eceuu oparoee u+am npoo.e+u, cepsauu c
pe.ueuma. Aro oauama e +mcm.+auuu, c+ma ce
aemo+amu:uo, :e u mo e om cuama pe.ueu. Hroea, aro cu
ou. om ramo.u:ecro ce+ecmeo, ue cu u+a. npaeo oa
cr.m:uu opar c npomecmaumra. H ceea ue e usr.m:eua
npuuvoa, roeamo ce ua.aea oa ce usoupa pe.ueu. Bepomuo
ue ecu:ru +.aoeru uspaseam ceo usoop, uo u+a maruea,
roumo csuame.uo ca usopa.u eepousnoeeoauuemo cu.
Cnopeo saroua npuuvoama e moea omuoueuue e oo 18-
eoouuua espacm. Hpomecmaumume ooa:e npeoeuroam
npeomo npu:acmue oa cmaea ua 15 eoouuu. B c.v:a ua
uece.acue c pooume.ume om cmpaua ua oeama mpoea oa
ce us:ara 18-eoouuua espacm, sa oa ce npue+e re.auama
pe.ueu.
Tosu euo uacu.ue e ocoume.uo.
Lo ce omuac oo oopasoeauuemo, pooume.ume ca+u eo
usoupam, oes oa numam oeama cu. Aro oememo re.ae oa
usv:u p:ua npoqecu, oa usoepe ue+cru e+ecmo aue.ucru,
mo ue +ore oa peuaea sa ceoe cu.
B rnmnasnnre nsopr na enara ne ce npnema es
crnacnero na ponrennre. opn xoraro crana yma sa uyx
esnx.
Oue no-ueeepomuo cmom ueuama, cepsauu cc
cercva.uu rueom. Cnopeo saroua +o+u:emama ue +oeam
oa u+am cercva.eu rueom, npeou oa uaepuam 15 eoouuu

,
m. e. +o+:emo, roemo oopu om:acmu e e maraea epsra c
+o+u:e, ce e nocmaeu.o useu saroua u +ore oa ce npeepue
e ooerm ua npec.eoeaue om oemcrume coeouu uucmauuu.
Cexcyannnre xonraxrn na rnnexp c momnue na nerona
nspacr ca nocnn. Ho axo 15-ronmno momnue nma
cexcyanna npsxa c nspacren, saxonr ro onycxa. Momue,
nenanpmnno 15 ronnn, xoero cnn c nennnonerna, moxe a
e npecnenano no Haxasarennnx xoexc.
Cuecmeveam aoco.mmuo napaoorca.uu
pasnoperoauu: om eoua cmpaua, +o+:e noo 15 eoouuu ue
mpoea oa u+a cercva.uu epsru c uen.uo.emua, om opvea
u +o+u:emama u+am npaeo oa vnompeoeam
npomueosa:am:uu cpeocmea oes ce.acuemo ua +arume
cu. Iuuero.oem +ore oa ue npeonuue npomueosa:am:uu
mao.emru, uo pucrvea oa +v ce rare: Aro eue, oormope, +u
omrareme, as ue omuoa omcpeua." Hrou om
nparmurveauume .erapu ca voeoeuu, :e e useecmuu c.v:au e
no-ooope oa ce usnuuam maruea mao.emru, opveu eo npaem
ca+o sauomo e.eoam ua +o+u:emo ramo ua ooeua
r.ueumra.
Koraro nennnonernoro momnue e nn]opmnpano n snae
xaxno ncxa, ro nma npano na npornnosauarunn cpecrna.
onycxa ce, ue npsxara e c no-nspacren mx, r xaro
saxonr my sapanxna nononn xonraxrn c momuera o 15
ronnn.
Mo+u:emama +oeam oa cr.m:eam opar npu uaepueuu
15 eoouuu u.u ue, npeou oa ca uae.es.u e 16-ama cu eoouua.
3a +o+:emama espacmma e 18 uaepueuu eoouuu. Mo+u:e,
"i B namero saxonoarencrno raxn nnpoc ne ce rpernpa. Bnnmarennnxr unraren
me saenexn n pyrn pasnnunx mexy saxonnre n Fnrapnx n nn upannnx F.
pe.
roemo e sano:ua.o 14 eoouuu u re.ae oa ce o+ru, mpoea
oa noucra paspeueuue om npesuoeuma ua penvo.urama.
Axo e pemenno n ponrennre or nere crpann ca crnacnn
a noemar pasnocxnre no orrnexane na eero, paspemenne
moxe a ce nonyun.
Puouama +o+:e, +arap u uen.uo.emeu, oa ce pasnopeou
sa vc.oeuma ua noepeoeuuemo cu
Ponrennre oaue nmar npano a ce npornnonocranxr na
nsemanero na oprann or ere, sarnnano npn snononyxa, opn
axo ro nynnuno, nanp. npe xnaca cn, e cnoennno no npeme
na ncxycnx xenannero cn sa noono apenne: Axo sarnna
npn snononyxa, nx ncxan rxnoro mn a nocnyxn sa
nexynanero na pyrn ena, xonro nmar nyxa." Ponrenxr e n
npanoro cn a ne ce crnacn opn axo yunrenxr n nennxr xnac
nornpxr, ue erero e saxnnno xenannero cn a e onop.
Camara as xx nn]opmnpana sa yuennx, xoro e nonnran n
xnac xaxno e neoxonmo a nanpann, sa a sanemae rxnoro cn
sa nyxnre na mennnnara. Orronopnnn my: Honexe cn
manx, nxmam npano na nnxaxnn o]nnnannn nocrnxn, no
moxem a saxnnm xenannero cn npe ponrennre cn n npe
ncnuxn."
More oa ce c.v:u useuopa:uo oeme ua 15 eoouuu oa
uocu u+emo ua +ara cu, sauomo m eo e npusua.a, a ue
oauama. Aro ua ceo peo oauama peuu cuo oa eo npusuae,
oememo mpoea oa oaoe ce.acuemo cu npeo cou. B mosu
c.v:a oauama u+a npaeo oa onpeoe. ca+: Hpusuaea+ eo
u omceea uamamr mo ue uocu +oemo u+e." Hsucrea ce
ce.acuemo ua oememo. Toea e eouu om peorume c.v:au,
roeamo ce ucra +ueuuemo +v u roeamo espacmuum u+a
npaeo oa peuaea e+ecmo ueeo.
Or nsxnmunrenno snauenne e a ce nseme mnennero na
erero sa nmero, xoero me nocn, no na 15 ronnn e manxo
xcno Hma n pyrn naxnn pemennx, sa xonro mnomara nxma
npano a ce nponsnacx npen 16-ara nnn 18-ara cn ronna.
B yunnnmara enara rpxna a nayuanar xaxnn ca rexnnre
npana n sanxennx. Axo ce e pemanana cara nm npn
sarnopenn nparn n n rxxno orccrnne, na-manxoro, na xoero
nmar npano, e a ce sanosnaxr c pemennxra, xonro rn sacxrar.
Cnymana cm yxacnn nema no npeme na saceannx na
CSPP
4
, DDASS
5
. Hanp. npo]ecop no nenarpnx a saxnn
xareropnuno: Hnxora ne rpxna a norornxre ere, xoraro
me ro mecrnre or eno saneenne n pyro, or eno cemecrno
n pyro. Heoxonmo e camo a my ce xaxe:, o nononnn uac
a cn ce onxxn n a cn roron, samoro ornnam pyrae."
,Ke?" Be nnnm." Hpn npncrnranero my na nonoro mxcro
ne rpxna a my ce oxcnxna nnro xonxo npeme me nponxn
npecroxr my, nnro xaxnoro n a e pyro, samoro, nann
pasnpare, axo my ce xaxe, ro me npann ncropnn, a axo ne, ro
e ere... cne rpn nn me e sapannno." Taxn noxo mn
npnnnua yxacno na npemecrnanero na enn sarnop n pyr.
Hanomnx mn opn sa nemo mnoro no-crpamno, sa onesn
nnaxone c rxna cnana, xonro npecnuaxa Enpona, narnxann c
rpnxn enpen, xonro orxapnaxa n Honma, es a nm xasnar
saxe nrynar, sa a ne rn nnamar.
Xena, onenxna or narep, mn pasxasname xax n pancn
6
,
npen a rn orxapar n Iepmannx, xasnar a npeae
ncnuxnre napn, xonro nocn. He ce rpenoxere, nann
nonncaxre o]nnnanna exnapannx. Be nonyunre oparno
napnre cn ram, xero me paornre." Tx nryna yeena, ue
me omenxr napnre n ue me rn nonyun c npncrnranero cn.
Mncnra, ue enara morar a csaar sarpynennx, ce paxa
no cmara nornxa, no xoxro ca ecrnann n oprannsaropnre na
xonnnarepnre. B ecrnnrennocr nennxr xnnor na enara e
nounnen na ponrennre, xonro ne ro ocsnanar. Hanarar nm
a rn npnpyxanar npes ynxena, es a ca norornenn n es
a snaxr xax-
4 CSPP Henrp sa npo]ecnonanno oyuenne n ycnpmencrnane na xapn xm
Mnnncrepcrnoro na nxonomnxara n ]nnancnre F np
5 DDASS Onacrna npexnnx sa xnrnenno-npo]nnaxrnuna n connanna enocr
F np
6 pancn nperpane na ceneponsrox or Hapnx, xero npes 1941 r e
oprannsnpan xonnenrpannonen narep sa ]pannysn n uyxennn F np
no me ce npann. Bnauar rn cc cee cn, xaro ue nn ca uacr or
araxa nm.
Hen.uo.emeu, romo nuue u.u ro+nosupa, ue +o+re oa
nvo.urvea uuuo oes pooume.cro paspeueuue, uo u+a npaeo
oa peuu oa ue nvo.urvea
Mnaara rnmnasncrxa, xoxro npes 1987 r. nsana npnnx cn
poman n n xoxro nnxxa ena nona Caran, n morna n a pemn
pomanr a ne nsnese. Manoneren xyoxnnx ce nyxae or
paspemennero na ponrennre cn, sa a nsnoxn nponsneennxra
cn, no nx e n npanoro cn a ne ce crnacn a npann nsnoxa.
Xyoxnnxr Cenen nsxapnan xnxa cn or 10-ronnmna
nspacr, xaro nynnxynan exenenno pncynxn, nocnerenn na
cnrnero na enx... xonn Xonne nonyuanan connnn
xonopapn ome npen a nanpmn 18 ronnn, no napnre
npnnpan nacronnxr my, cnpyr na nerona npna
paronuexa, xoro my xasnan: Ho rosn naunn rn mn ce
nsnnamam sa rona, ue re rneax or 6-ronmna nspacr ncxxo
nxro." Cmnxr uonex my nononpeunn a ce sannme n
Koncepnaropnxra. Koraro nsnecn ntpnnx cn xonnepr n sana
,Onnmnnx", xonn cn xasan: Be nonyua connna cyma, no
nnmo nxma a pasepa, samoro ome cm nennnoneren."
Ornmn npn anoxar, xoro ro nocnernan: Bnxre xaxno, axo
nmare nxxo npnxren spanenxx, naunnr e enn: a
npnnynre rosn, c xororo nonncnare oronopa, a nn nsnnarn
n po nononnnara or cymara, no camo nononnnara. Cnope
saxona pyrara nononnna npnnanexn na saxonnnx nn
nacronnx." Cnnr mn Xan
7
, c xororo xxa npcrnnnn n xoro
my eme npnxren, ro npnpyxnn npn paoroarenx. Feme
mnoro nceoraen xm npnxrennre cn n nse mnoro npncpne
ponxra na ropnna".-Paoroarenxr npnen ycnonnxra. B xpax
na ncxxo npecrannenne moynsnecmenr nsnnaman napnre,
xonro nxan na xonn, npe cnna mn. He e nman nooen
cnyua npen n ce crpaxynan or nenpnxrnocrn. Cnrypen nn
cre, ue rona, xoero npmnm, e saxonno n ue nxma
7 Crana yma sa enn or cnnonere na anropxara, nsnecren ]pencxn ecrpaen nenen
c aprncrnuen ncenonnm Kapnoc. I. np
a me npecnenar sa pasnpamanane na nennnoneren?" To
nancrnna ce npnrecnxnan or peaxnnxra na paronue my.
Cuecmeveam oee no.orume.uu ueua npu moea
ccmouue ua npaeama ua muouume: usuacu.eu u.u
+a.mpemupau muoua u+a npaeo, c.eo ramo uaepuu 15
eoouuu, oa uanpaeu ra.oa oo coa sa voapu u uapaueauu,
voocmoeepeuu c +eouuucro ceuoeme.cmeo. Bes .erapcru
oorv+eum me +uuaeam r+ .erume veperoauu, ramo uanp.
oouruoeeu voap c pra no epama...
,Fo c nsnnrarenna nen"... He e necno a ce oxaxar
napanxnannx, axo nxma cnen. Hpn nxxon nacnnnx nnmo ne
nnun. Hanp. npn nsnacnnnane na momnue... nnn npn
neepacrnx na ama cc cnn... Cexcyannnre snoynorpen c
ena, xaxro momuera, raxa n momnuera, ca nsxnmunrenno
uecrn. Koraro oaue ne ca yocronepenn c mennnncxo, re ne
ce saunrar. Ocnonnoro e xaprnxara.
Bs+oruo e uen.uo.emeu ca+ oa nompcu .erap, ramo
pas:uma oa oucrpemuocmma +v. Herapm e e npaeomo cu oa
pmrare roucv.mau, uo no sarou ue c.eoea oa veeoo+ea
pooume.ume: Bx nocemeu om eou-ro cu, uo omrasax oa eo
npee.eoa+. ".reu e oa sanasu mauama oopu aro omrare
npee.eoa. Toea ce c.v:ea poro, uo ce c.v:ea.
Enncrnenoro nonoxnrenno nemo npn rona ccroxnne na
npanara na nennnonernnre e cnpsano c rxxnoro spane. Fn
Cnenano rosn npnmep a ce npnnara nn ncnuxn pyrn onac-
rn, xaro ranara na nnunnx xnnor, pennrnxra, cnooara a ce
ntryna n r. n. 3axonoarencrnoro rpxna nsnxno a e
npepasrneano, r xaro ne orronapx na cnpemennnre
nsncxna-nnx n uecro ana nsmoxnocr sa nenpannnnn
rnxynannx n snoynorpen. Hsnecren mn e cnyua c ama,
xoro ne nosnonnn na mepx cn, mysnxanrxa, a ce xnn na
ronmen nsnnr n Koncepnaropnxra, samoro nn nacpouen sa
cneoea, onpeenen my sa cpema c nex... Tx nponycnana
nsnnra, r xaro sa amara rona nn neronnxr en n ro nn
cnemen. opn n a
nmam marypa, nce eno, enxr e mo n rn cn nxna a mn ro
nocnernm." Momnuero e na 16 ronnn.
Tep+uum pooume.cra e.acm" ce vnompeoea no ua-
pas.u:uu noeoou, ocooeuo npu paseoo, roeamo mpoea oa ce
onpeoe.u npu roeo oa ocmauam oeama. a ce ee.eoa+e no-
omo.uso e moea, roemo rasea saroum: Hpaea u
sao.reuu, cepsauu c uaosopa, uao.moeuuemo u
esnumauuemo, ocuecmeeauu oouo om +arama u
oauama. "
Cpxannero na rexcra ne orronapx na
ecrnnrennocrra. Fn cnenano a ce npomenn camara
xonnennnx. Kpano npeme e a ce nocxaxe na saxonoarenx
n na npecrannrennre na pxannara nnacr, ue n rpxnano a
ce nomncnn npxy camoro nonxrne ponrencxa nnacr".
Mnoro ope e cxnanan nponema enn cnx or Tynysa,
xoro npenara nonxrnero ponrencxa nnacr" a e
sameneno c ponrencxa orronopnocr". Ponxra na
orronopnocrra ro nnxa n rona a ce nornxne erero xm
noemane na orronopnocrra sa cee cn, sa a ce npnyun camo
a nsema pemennx, ocoeno npn pasenenn ponrenn. Axo
ponxra na ponrennre e a ]opmnpar erero xaro anronomna
nnunocr, nexa ro nspacne xaro camocroxrenno cmecrno,
cnocono camo a ce cnpanx c xnnora. Henra na
nacronnuecrnoro e a norornn erero sa anronomno
cmecrnynane, a my nomorne a ce npenpne n spxn uonex,
nacronnx na camnx cee cn.
B.acmma npeono.aea uarasauue, uo ue u ovxoeuo
npoovroaue, uumo npue+cmeeuocm e npeoaeauemo ua
euuocmume..
Orronopnocr na ponrennre e a aar na erero cn
opxnero a ce cnpanx n xnnora n es rxxna nomom c
]nsnuecxnre, mopannnre n rexnonornuecxnre cpecrna, xonro
me nm ae npo]ecnxra. Texen nr e a ro nayuar cnope 10-
re oxn sanonen a onua camo For, a nounra ponrennre
cn, a xnnee nnnonenno xaro mx nnn xena, r. e. raxa, xaxro
re camnre, xoraro ca ro csann n ca noenn orronopnocr sa
nero. Ponxra na ponrennre e a npenpnar erero cn n
spxna nnu-
nocr, cnocona a nanpann sa cnonre ena rona, xoero
neronnre maxa n ama ca nanpannnn, sa a ro nsnnrar raxa,
ue xoraro oe npemero a ce orenn or rxx, a moxe a rn
nanycne n camo a ce rpnxn sa npexpanara cn.
Eouo e+auunupauo oeme +ore ceoooouo oa usoupa roe
oa rueee. 3auo ue npu +ara cu u.u npu oaua cu?
3amo ne! Tona ecrnnrenno n nno cnooen nsop.
A aro ce npeo.oru ua sarouooame. oa pasuupu
noumuemo e+auunau, mara :e mo oa ooxeaue u npaeomo
ua oeama oa ce paseeroam c pooume.ume cu?
He, rona n osnauanano a ce npneme nernacno, ue e morno
a nma xpnocmemenne npen pasxnara. ymara pasno
cneonarenno ryx ne moxe a ce nsnonsna. Fn morna a ce
npennn nsmoxnocr erero a saxnn xenannero cn a cxca
c ponrennre. Ho noono xenanne n nno yronnuno,
oxonxoro nxma crpyxrypn, roronn a ro npnmrxr.
Bu +oe.a oa ce nouuru espacmoeama epauua ua
e+auunauma.
Mnoro connannn paornnnn nancrnna nspasxnar cpemy
nnnonerne na 18-ronmna nspacr sapan nxxon ymcrneno
nsocranann, xonro ce oxasnar necnoconn na rasn nspacr a
nsemar camocroxrennn pemennx. Cnope rxx moxe n rpxna
a e nsrornen cnncx na ncnuxn cnyuan na npenonaraema
neeecnoconocr. Taxa xaxro anunnxr saxon onycxa, ue
ncexn anxonnaren moxe a e momennx, raxnna connannn
paornnnn ca roronn a nocranxr resn 18-ronmnn mnaexn
sannnarn n xareropnxra na ymcrneno nsocranannre, xaro rn
opnuar no rosn naunn na nennnonennocr sa nxn xnnor.
Cmecrnyna n pyr noxo, xaro nm ce xaxe: Orcera
nararx, axo ne cn n ccroxnne a noemem cam orronopnocr
sa cee cn, xaro cn namepnm xnaprnpa n paora, ero rn cnncx
na nncrnrynnnre, xero nnnonernn xaro re morar a ce
sannmar sa connannn nomomn." Ho nmecro a rn oxypaxar a
rpcxr ca-
mn pemennx, xapar rn a nonncnar oxymenr, c xoero
mnaexnre ce orxasnar or ncxxaxna orronopnocr.
Bs+oruo .u e oa ce ua+a.u espacmma ua n.uo.emue?
Hpocro 15 ronnn n rpxnano a ce npneme sa nspacr na
saxonnoro nnnonerne. 13-ronmnnre a nmar npano na
emannnnannx, npn rona nmam npenn nnna emannnnannx.
uynam nspaxennxra nn. Torana ponrennre nxma a npanxr
nnmo sa enara." Tona me e camo ome eno oxasarencrno, ue
n npen re ne ca npannnn xo snae xaxno. Koraro nspacren
uonex ne e n ccroxnne neue a ce rpnxn sa cee cn cne
snononyxa nnn sapan xponnuno saonxnane, oneno o
npemenna nnn nnna nerpyocnoconocr, ro ecrecrneno
mnnana no neune noneunrencrno. Cmoro moxe a ce
npennn n sa mnan xopa, xonro, maxap n neue nnnonernn
na 1516 ronnn, ne ca n ccroxnne a ce cnpanxr camn n
xnnora. Be ce snae oaue, ue ca nsxnmuennx.
Axo ponrennre npnemar nacroxnanero na enara sa
emannnnannx, re nxa nnn n npanoro cn a ne nm anar noneue
nnxaxnn napn c pncx a rn ocranxr a ce npenpnar n
esnpnsopnn ynnunnnn. Hoona nocrnxa me osnauana, ue n
npen rona re ne ca ce rpnxenn sa rxx. Axo, nanpornn, re
nnnarn ca ce uyncrnann orronopnn sa erero cn, nxma a
npecranar a my ar or nomom n cne xaro ro npnone
craryr na emannnnnpana nnunocr. Hnxo nxma a nm
sapanxna a nomarar na enara cn. Hpocro nxma a e
sanxnrenno. 3amo npn ceramnoro nonoxenne ponrennre
ce rpnxar sa enara cn? 3amoro e sanxnrenno nn? He, re
ro npanxr, sa a nmar nnacr npxy rxx. He cmecrnynar
npnemnnnn aprymenrn n nonsa na no-xcnara emannnnannx.
onon xaro ymcrneno nsocranan" nnn neran" ne ca
cepnosnn, samoro n cpe nspacrnnre ce cpemar
nennnonennn xopa, xonro ce namnpar no neunx onexa.
Kareu +epru npeo.aeame e no.sa ua mpuou:ecrama
aemouo+uocm ua muouume?
Hnxora nxma a nma nanpex, axo ne ce nnear uacone
no rpaxancxa ernxa n yunnnme sa ncnuxn ena nesanncnmo
or nspacrra. Taxa re nxa nayunnn cnonre npana n
sanxennx. Ipaxancxoro opasonanne ce e npenpnano n
anaxponnsm. enara na 8 ronnn yuar xax ce rnacyna sa
npesnenr na penynnxara, maxap ue me rnacynar uax na 18.
Ipaxancxoro nsnnranne e cneeno o enemenrapnn nema,
xaro nanp. a ce nomorne na cnxnara xena a npeceue
ynnnara. Bmecro a ce nsnacxr yponn npxy nncrnrynnnre,
no-ope e a ce nayuar orpano npanara n satnxennxra na
enara n cemecrnoro n n omecrnoro Hnncara na nsnnranne
n nnuno, mopanno n omecrneno noneenne ce uyncrna mnoro
ocrpo.
Leeapume, u useecmuu cc ceoma npeonas.ueocm, ee:e
oocroaxa ee 4eoepa.uu ceem eeeumva.uo nouuraeaue
ua espacmma ua no.oeo n.uo.emue ua 15 eoouuu, eooeuu
om voeroeuuemo, :e paseumuemo ua upaeume usnpeeapea
sarouume. Hpue+auemo ua npoermosarou oe om.oreuo
Hap.a+eumapuama ro+ucu, romo mpoeaue oa pase.eoa
npeo.oreuuemo, omuoe oue no-oa.e:, ramo npeo.oru masu
espacmoea epauua oa ooe c+ruama ua 14 eoouuu Toea
usn.auu ceuamopume e Bepu C.eo ramo qeoepa.uomo
npaeume.cmeo c+emua, :e espacmma ua n.uo.emuemo u.u
ua em.oeama sp.ocm mpoea oa ooe ua+a.eua om 16 ua 15
eoouuu, cmaua o:eeuouo, :e cmapama namepua.ucmu:ua
cucme+a sano:ea oa ce ocnopea ua 3anao.
uaxrr, ue nspannnnre na ronxona xoncepnarnnno
omecrno xaro mnenapcxoro ocsnanar nsocrananero cn or
npannre, noxasna, ue nma pasmnnanane no rosn nnpoc
nancxxe. Pe]opmaropnre nn upannnx oaue ca no-nasa n
or Bnenapnx.
Honnxr rexcr n saxona sa ponrencxnre npana npn pasno
e nanpano xanx. Bpma nn 30 ronnn nasa. Bmecro sa
orronopnocr na ncxxa crpannna ce ronopn sa npanara nnn
nnacrra na ponrennre na enara.
Bnacrra nnn nnnxnnero, xoero ponrennre nmar npxy e-
,Bnxre xasna amara xonxo ca ce npomennnn!"
Hpomennnn ca ce, samoro ca nemacrnn. Taxnna cnryannn
ca pamarnunn.
Ho-nspxnnnnre ena ce cnpanxr ycnemno. Moxe n
noonn npexnnxnannx cranar nonxxora npnunna mnan xopa
a ne xenaxr a ce xenxr, sa a ne ce pasnexar n enara nm
a ne ar nocrnrnarn or noona ca. He morar a
nsxrar no rosn naunn oaue or cncremara, samoro saxonr
ne npann pasnnxa mexy ena or pax n ena, nno na
cxnrencrno es pax, n cnyua na pasxna. Fn nno no-
ope, axo nm ce xaxe: Bne xnneere xaro noxa es pax,
cneonarenno cre nsnn saxona n enara nn rpxna a ce
onpanxr camn." Tona e xcmer sa rxx.
Hxxon rnnexpn uyecno npeoonxnar pasopnre
mexy ponrennre. Kon]nnxrr moxe a nm nomorne a ce
npenpnar no-pso n spenn nnunocrn. Kaxno a npanxr
ropxnre!" Bce no-uecro cpemame mnan xopa, xonro nsnnrnar
ncxpeno n oponamepeno ccrpaanne xm ponrennre cn.
uyname nonxxora: Tona maxa nn e?" Ho e neronara
maxa. Kaxno e maxara, axo ne n xena ocnen maxa...
Cncem crannnn cemecrna uecro ce xapar sapan enara
cn. Ennnxr or cnpysnre namnpa pyrnx npexaneno
cnnsxonrenen nnn npexaneno crpor... n cpannenne cc
cocrnennx cn ama nnn c pyr, c xororo ro cpannxna. Konxo
mnoro ena uynar or maxnre cn: Tn ne cn cnpyr." Hnn
nx or amara: Tn ne cn xena."
Tona ce cnyuna uecro n spann cemecrna, xonro no rosn
naunn ce ocnooxanar or nanpexennero.
Rnomara moxe a ro npneme ]nnoco]cxn, no eno ere
moxe a ce nouyncrna noxo napaneno. Taxa ce crnra o
orpnnarenno ornomenne xm paxa.
Rnomn, npexnnenn pasnoa na ponrennre cn, ne ca
cxnonnn a ronopxr sa rona. 3a rxx n nno nonesno a
yuacrnar n ncxycnn npxy paxa. Fpaunoro
saxonoarencrno rpxna a ce npomenn. Cxnmunanero na
pax e xaro npes XVIII n. Texcronere, cnpsann c rpnxara sa
enara, cmo ca
ocrapenn. Fpaunnxr oronop, raxn, xaxnro e n nec, e
csaen n omecrna, xero e nman sa nen sanasnanero na
cocrnenocrra. Fpaxonere ca ce cxnmunann sapan cemennx
nnrepec. nec re neue nxmar raxona snauenne, c xoero ce
oxcnxna n ]axrr, ue mnanre ce cnpar, sa a csaar
ena n es a ce xenxr. Bpsxara nn ne e xopncrna",
,Xnneem saeno, samoro cn noxoxame, a ne or nnrepec".
Bce ome e rpyno a ce yexr npexropnre na yuennre
saneennx a ne npnccrnar na ncxycnn, oprannsnpann c
yuennnnre, na xonro cnennanncrn, noxanenn ornn, ce onnrnar
a rn npepasnonoxar a ronopxr cnoono no nponemnre,
xonro rn nnnynar, es a ce uyncrnar xonrponnpann.
Hoxanena a nsnece ecea npe yuennnn, nocrannx
ycnonnxra cn na npexropa. 3a cnyuax nn npeocrannxa
npasnnunnx canon. Koraro or ecrpaara, nnrnana rnana,
saenxsax cnnyern, xasax: Crpyna mn ce, ue rope na anxona
nma nxxo. Here a nnnre." Hpn xoero ce noxasa
npexropr n npnrecnen nponsnece: Kaxno nomo nma n rona
a nanmanam orryx xaro spnren?" Ocem yunrenn ce xpnexa
n rmnoro. Cranax: Mnoro xyano, no as cn ornnam!" n
ce opnax xm yuennnnre xaro xm cnnerenn: Bnxare
nn rpenorara na namnre npenoanarenn n ponrenn. Te ce
crpaxynar a ne nocrannre ryx nnpocn, pasnnunn or resn,
xonro saanare na rxx. Ho axo nne ce xannre a nnrare men,
ro e, samoro ne moxere a rn saaere na xopara, xonro
nnxare exenenno. A re ce npnrecnxnar or rona. He, ne e
nnxax cmemno. Tpenorara, xoxro nsnnrnar, e nemo mnoro
onesneno, nne cmo cre x nsnnrnann n x nosnanare. Bamnre
yunrenn ce rpenoxar xaxro sa cee cn, raxa n sa nac, samoro
orronapxr sa emero nn."
pxax na ycnonnero, xoero nocrannx, samoro snaex, ue
mnomnre ce nspxar a pasronapxr c nspacrnnre, xonro
nocxr orronopnocr sa rxx, no nponemnre, xonro nrpemno
noxo rn nnnynar. Mnoro no-necno nm e a. cnoenxr c
xopa, sa xonro snaxr, ue nxma a rn cpemnar noneue. Vcnxx
a ce nanoxa. Ocnernxa anxona, sa a ne moxe nnxo a ce
xpne
n rmnoro. Ha nsnnsane npexropr mn ce ycmnxna naxpnno.
,Fxxre ce pasrpenoxnnn npexaneno" my xasax as.
B ena rnmnasnx ce cpemnax c ena na pasneenn
ponrenn, 1819-ronmnn yuennnn or nocnennx xnac.
Bnpocr, no xoro xx xasana, ue me pasronapxme, e xaxno
na-cnnno ca ncxann a morar a npanxr na 1415 ronnn.
ooxa esnn]opmnpann" n nenorornenn. npexropxara
nm e xasana, ue me cnymar nexnnx sa npanara na mnomnre.
Toea sa +.aoeru, roumo cropo ue cmauam cmvoeumu... A
rareu .u npe:ru uxme oa cpeuueme, aro cmaeaue ov+a sa
1213-eoouuuu oea.
Be crane yma n sa rona.
B uauu ouu ua:a.uume v:ume.u u oopu v:u.uuuume
oupermopu ca usr.m:ume.uo :vecmeume.uu ee epsra c
pucra oa ooam ooeuueuu om ucmepu:ua v:euu:ra, oes oa
u+am urarea euua, e onum sa cercva.uo onuneaue u.u
noceeame.cmeo cpeuv ueeuuuocmma...
Tona, or xoero yunrennre ce crpaxynar na-mnoro, e, ue ne
ce nsncxnar cnnerenn. Onnnennero ce ornpanx ns ocnona
na noxasannxra na 1, 2 nnn 3 momnuera. Enoro onnnxna,
pyroro crana n xasna: H c mene cmo..."
Axo onnnennero ce ornpann nynnuno, cnyuaxr ce
nsxcnxna mnoro pso. 13-ronmno momnue or xonex n
Kanaa enn en saxnxna: Iocnonn H. me mpasn, ne me
onua nnn e roron a me saonua, axo ro nenyna..."
Vuennuxara ro xasna, no npe ncnuxn...
Kar ce e sauumu. npenooaeame.m?
He ce nanara a ce samnrana. Tona, ue e pasxasano npe
ncnuxn, nomara pso a ce pasepe, ue onnnennero e
necepnosno. Haunnr, no xoro momnuero pasxasnano, e
noxasarenen: To nnn me mpasn, nnn mnoro me onua." cno
e, ue rx nma nxxaxn nnuen nponem. Fama nsocrannn
maxa , xoraro nna na 11 ronnn. Orrorana nenpexcnaro
mncnena sa
npearencrnoro na ama cn, xoro ne ce rpnxen sa nex. Hnxo
ne ce cxapna na momnuero. Hpocro my xasnar: Ho nnx...
Kasnam, ue my xapecnam, a samo rnpnm n cmoro npeme,
ue re mpasn? Kasnam, ue ro n ncxan a npann c ree nema,
nce eno, ue neue moxem a xonm xaro enoxa c mxe, a
rn cn ome manxa..."
Bcnuxn yuacrnar n pasronopa n nocrenenno nemara ce
nopexar. Ho axo rona ce cnyun nn upannnx, momnuero
npno me ro pasxaxe rano na npnxrenxnre cn, a nocne n na
ponrennre. 3naem nn, ue yunrenxr mn ce onnra..."
Cemecrnoro npann onnaxnane o ca n ce nsyxa eno. B
Kanaa nxma raxana onacnocr, samoro nemara ce ocxar
nynnuno... Bn upannnx nn ncnuxn cnyuan npemecrnar
yunrenx, a n rpxnano a ce npemecrn momnuero. Bnxam
nn xonxo cn npnnnexarenna n xonxo cn xapecnana..."
He e .u napaoorc e oouecmeo, roemo npeoo.aoaea
+rromo ua:a.o, reuume oa u+am c+aseauo +uosuucmeo
cpeo npenooaeame.ume? Huroea +o+:e u+a oa ce on.a:e om
v:ume.rama cu, :e +v e npaeu.a npeo.oreuu u.u :e ce e
onuma.a oa eo co.asuu. Mo+u:emama ue u+am no-+a.ra
es+oruocm oa ooeuueam v:ume.u +re e onum sa
npe.cmeaue, aro, rarmo e mpeua.o, reuume orou:ame.uo
usm.acram +reme om npenooaeame.cromo m.o. Bc.eocmeue
uecsuaeauomo :vecm-eo sa ca+osauuma +reme
npenooaeame.u ce omuacm epar-oeouo r+ ceoooouume
oocroauu, sauomo euuaeu u+am eo-uo uav+, :e roeamo
v:euuume noucram ov+ama, mo e, sa oa r.eeemm u
ooeuueam uecnpaeeo.ueo v:ume..
Mnoro pso e sapanen cnyuaxr c I. P. Bnnennero oxo-
no cmprra na rasn yunrenxa, ocena sa npencrxnane na
ne-nnnoneren, rpxname a monnnsnpa omecrnoro n a
one-e o npomxna, raxa ue ponrencxn narncx npxy mna
uonex, nsnpmen ne es cecrnnero na cenara
mamnna, a ne moxe a ce nonropn nn upannnx. Hoono
,xeprnonpnnome-nne" n ocxane na ncrnncxa nmon" n
rpxnano a noxa-xe, ue camnxr saxon ana nsmoxnocr sa
nomo rnxynane n
snoynorpea. Homo samncnen, ro n cnenano a e
npomenen, mom raxn, xaxnro e, cnyxn na snonamepenocrra
na nspacrnnre... Ponrennre, axrnnncrn na
xomynncrnuecxara naprnx, unxro xaysa n rpxnano a e
parcrnoro, cn xxa nocrannnn sa enncrnena nen a ocxr
sa cnasnxnane na manoneren xenara, xoxro onuana rexnnx
cnn n nna onuana or nero. Momuero e npexaneno pasnnro
sa nspacrra cn. Tnpeme, ue onua rasn xena, xoxro nna
cnoona n cama, xoraro ce cpemnann n ce nnmnnn. He nno
npencrxnane, a npocro panna nmon. Iornenn ce a saxnnexr
xaro ncrnncxa nmonna noxa. Kaxno nomo, cne xaro
nxmano xpnocmemenne? Camo rona, ue my nna yunrenxa?
Hnn ue nxman nanpmenn 18 ronnn? Ho nann nn
]nsnuecxn spxn...
v+ama +a.o.emeu" e useecmeu c+uc. e oououa.
More ou oa sano:ue+ c usxep.uemo u om vnompeoa? T
euuaeu uano+u coeouume uucmauuu sa +a.o.emuu
npecmnuuu. Lo+ ramo saoe.eram v:ume. oa paseoeap c
v:euu:ra, sano:eam oa uvuvram, :e ua+epeuuma +v ca
ue:ucmu. Bceru +r, romo rauu +a.o.emuo +o+u:e e
ruama cu, ce nooosupa e o.vocmeo.
Taxa e,samoro pasronopnre ne ce noxr nynnuno... Hxa
na nemo yyapno. uaxa ce npnxnmunanero na uaca, sa a ce
noronopn nacame c yunrenx. 3amo ne ce pasronapx npe nennx
xnac? Hamnpam sa mnoro nnrepecno rona, xoero mn xasnam.
Be noronopnm cnenamnx uac." Hpn raxnna cnyuan n Kneex
yunrenxr nacpuana nennx xnac a ce nxnmun n pasronopa.
Pxxo ce cnyuna yunren a e samecen n cnnn" nnn
,posonn" nmonnn ncropnn. Ho rprne nn mnnara,
pasnpocrpanxna ce mnoro pso. Kaxno omo n morno a
nma rona cc cnyuanre na ncrnncxa nmon mexy yunren nnn
yunrenxa n yuennuxa nnn yuennx, xonro neue ca ocraruno
spenn. He morar a ce nsmepnar c enn n cmn apmnn
neo]nnnxra n ronxmara nmon. Bspacrnnxr nnnarn ce
noosnpa n nemo mpcno. Mncnx cn, ue crana yma sa enn
or na-noxnre npepascnn n manrannrera na
onxnonennx uonex.
H ece nar, aro ooe npe+axuamo noumuemo +a.o.emeu
"?
To e nspas na perporpaen manrannrer n n nnxaxn cnyua
ne onpnnacx sa nsrpaxanero na onepne xm uonexa, nn
ro nspacren nnn ere. Onnpa ce na crpaxa,
npepascnnre n noospnrennocrra... Ha-ope saxonr a
ne ce sannmana c nspacrra, a a rpernpa camo
xpnocmemennero, npsxnre c ponnnn, parx, cecrpn,
unuonnn n nenn. Bcxxaxna pyra sapana, cnpsana c
nspacrra, a ornane.
B nemno npeme omecrnoro rnea c noospenne na
npsxnre nspacrnn ena.
aox Kneex xaro npnmep na ornomennx mexy yuennnn
n npenoanarenn. Bo ce ornacx o cemennre ornomennx
oaue, ram nemara ca mnoro uepnn. Bnacrnre ca crnncann
npe nn]pnre, nocouenn n anxera sa pox na enara, xeprna na
]n-snuecxn nnn mopannn nacnnnx or ponrennre nm. B 8 or
10 cemecrna ce ycranonxna xpnocmemenne nnn cexcyanno
npecrnnenne. Tesn annn cc cnrypnocr ca rnpe npeynenn-
uenn, no nnacrnre n Kneex rn npnemar cepnosno. Te nocranxr
n ena xomnnna nnrnmnocrra, cexcyannnre onnnnannx mexy
parx n cecrpn, nsnacnnnanero or amara nnn or maxara.
Hxxon oaue ocnopnar raxn noxo. Hpanocnero cmxra, ue
ncnuxn nnrnmnn xecrone rpxna a ce pasrnexar xaro
cexcyannn. Bspacrnnre nennnarn ca crnacnn, a enara
mncnxr, ue p rouno raxa. Mnnncrpr na connannnre rpnxn
oprannsnpa Hn]opmannonna xamnannx n nannonanen mama.
Bnxx a ce npoxexrnpar na ena na 8 ronnn
opasonarennn ]nnmn sa npenasnane or cexcyannn arpecnn
na ynnnara, n anroyca nnn n yunnnme. Hoxasnar ce ncnuxn
nsmoxnn cnyuan. Bnac-rnre mncnxr, ue noona mxpxa e
ocraruna a npenasn enara or cexcyanno nacnnne. Camo
ue na 8-ronmna nspacr e neue xcno. Taxa xaxro ca
samncnenn, cnennre n nanosnre pnxa npensnnxann cmxx nn
upannnx. H nce nax mn ce nnx Hnrepecno a npocnex
peaxnnnre na mnanre spnrenn, nomo-nenn a xomenrnpar
]nnmnre. Bcnuxn cnenn npecranxr ns-
pacrnnre xaro rnnone, xonro nsnnrnar cnnna nnna sapan
nsnparenoro cn noneenne. Hecnoconn a ce nnaexr, re
npanxr nneuarnenne na cexcyannn mannann, xonro cpxar
arpecnnnocrra cn, xaro n cmoro npeme crnncnar erero c
pyrannocrra na peura cn. Manxo momnue n anroyc nrpae na
enexrponna nrpa, xoxro nocn n xoa cn. Enn or nrnnnnre
ro npnxnama npes xpcra, momnuero ce cnnna n n enn momenr
onsn ro npnrncxa... Anxertop saana nnpoc na momnue or
nynnxara: Amn rx e neononna." Ho xaxno my xasna c
noneennero cn a" nnn ne"?" Kasna my ne"." B rona
npeme rocnonnr, nanpernar, ce ornexa ann ne ro
nanmanar. Momnuero nouepnenxna n xasna: He,
rocnonne, ne!" (ponxra ce nsnnnxna or yunren), n mxr
nsrernx mnoro npnrecnen pxara cn, nornexa cn uaconnnxa n
cnnsa na cnenamara cnnpxa. Momnuero: Onene, xaxn crpax
pax, oxaro my xasnax ne, rocnonne"." Hospanxnam re,
rona e, xoero rpxname a nanpannm." A axo rocnonnr ce
pxn mnno n my xaxe: Bnx rn, xonxo nnrepecna nrpa
nmam, noxaxn mn x! He ncxam nn a mn oxcnnm xax ce
nrpae?", n axo ro my xaxe a", raxa n ornmno axe n
nnsxoro xa]ene, sa a cn nonrpae c nero. B pyra cnenxa
yunrenxr no ]nsxynrypa ana ypox no eson na momue.
Maxara ne ncxa a nnama. Vunrenxr: ope, maxa rn
orxasna, no r xaro nmam opn annn, as me re rpennpam
es napn." oxaro my noxasna, ro crncxa sa ynero...
Momuero ce mpmn: O, ne! He mn xapecna rona, xoero
npannre n momenra!" Taxa nn, ne ncxam nn a ce nayunm?
Xnanax re raxa, a rn noxaxa, ue ne rpxna a ce crxram.
Tpxna a ce ornycnem, nnaue me re onn..." Momuero ce
crnacxna npnnx nr, a npn nropnx noxasnar nanpernaroro or
xenanne nnne na yunrenx. erero e nsnnnnno mnoro ope
yapa, no npenoanarenxr nponxana a ro pxn orsa. To
nporecrnpa: Amn cera nx samo ro npannre? Hann ycnxx?"
Vunrenxr: Taxn nn cn nn, as ce sannmanam c ree, a rn cn
neononen! Hxma a re nsema nnxora n oropa cn. Be
cxanxnam." Momuero ce npnnpa pascrpoeno n nompxnano
Maxa my: Ma nemo ne e nape, xaxno nma?" He mn npnn
npn rosn yunren." Ho nann onuam esona, nann rn
xapecna?..." To ce pxa crpanno, nanpann mn nemo..." Kax,
xaxno rn nanpann?" Pemn a mn ana yponn, ncnuxo eme
mnoro xyano, no nocne me omnna no sannxa!" A rn?"
,Kasax my, ue ne mn e npnxrno." ope cn nocrnnn,
pano!" a, no ro ce pascpn n mn xasa, ue nnxora nxma a
me nseme n oropa cn, samoro cm nn mnoro rnynan..."
Maxara: Hcxam nn a noronopx c nero?" O, a, mamo."
Maxara ornna c momuero npn yunrenx: Hemo ce e cnyunno,
nann, rocnonne? H nne snaere mnoro ope xaxno..."
Iocnonnr, rysen, mnun. As cm maxa my. Cnnr mn e
mnoro nnrennrenren n e paspan. Taxa ue a ne ce nonrapx!"
Cne rona anar xax yunrenxr ncxa or npexropa na
yunnnmero a e npemecren. Bn upannnx nnxora ne nxa
cn nomncnnnn a noxaxar raxn nannen ]nnm. Ponnre ce
nsnnnxnar or yunrenn n rpyna ena ca noxanenn a cnoenxr
peaxnnnre cn or nnxnoro. Ha ]panny-snre raxnna ]nnmn
nxa ce nnenn cmemnn n esnxycnn. Te nxmar
nnnonnocronnre nsxnnxnannx na xneexnnre or nsnecrnara c
nypnrancxnre cn npann Kanaa. B Enpona neepacrnre
npecnenar n cnasnxnar no mnoro no-npnrnopen naunn yue-
nnnn, xaro ce pxar mnno n es cxnxa or nanpexenne, oxa-
ro rn cnanxr. Bmecro a ro mnne no sannxa, yunrenxr me xa-
xe na yuennxa, xororo e nspan: Konxo ope cn cnoxen n n
xaxnn mycxynn camo nmam." Ke-xe no-xnrpo n no-xonap-
no.
B pyr ]nnm ce noxasna xencxara xomocexcyannocr. Xena
npenara na momnuenne a my nanpann npnuecxa. Tn cn
xpacnno momnue n nmam xyann xocn." 3anouna c
xomnnnmenr, no osera nocrenenno or cancrnuna cexcyanna
arpecnx, ce naxnpnx a my pna xocnre n a ro ypx c
uerxara sa xoca no rnanara. Momnuero sanouna a nnmn: A,
ne, ne onuam a me pemar raxa!" Xenara ce cpn: 3naun ne
rn xapecna a cn ope cpecana..." Ho npen manxo nne me
pemexre, es a mn Hpnunnxnare onxa..." Hpen manxo
a, no cera.." unn-mr nxma sa nen a noxaxe, ue oxaro
amara npnunnxna onxa na momnuero, ro moxe a nsnnra
rennranna nsya, a no-
xasna camo, ue ro ce ocema, ue xenara my pna xocnre, sa
a nsnnra cancrnuno yononcrnne. Taxn po ]nnmn ca
orneano na nypnrancxnre npann n Kneex. Honesnoro e, ue
no rosn naunn ce ana nsmoxnocr na enara a nsxaxar
mncnnre cn sa xpnocmemennero.
Ho u+a .u onacuocm mare poo qu.+u oa omo.cuam
usoouo oeama om cerca ua espacmuume, oopu roeamo ue
cuecmevea ua+epeuue sa usuacu.eaue u.u u+a cumvau
ua rpeoc+eueuue?
enara, xonro nomonnx a mn pasxaxar sa xnnora n
cemecrnara cn, noxasaxa, ue mnoro ope cxnamar
pasnnxnre. Tosn rocnonn e nsnparen n rona cn nnun, maxap
ue ne ro nosnanam. Ho axo crana yma sa npnxren na rarxo,
xoro nna nxmn..." Tona e momenrr, xoraro na erero
moxe a ce xaxe: Axo nxxo e mnn c re, rona ne e
ocnonanne a npnemam ncnuxo, xoero rn npenara. Pasnpa
ce, rn moxem a nouyncrnam nneuenne xm nspacren mx,
xoro ce nnrepecyna or ree. Hxma nnmo nomo, mom rn e
npnxrno n cne xaro ne rn e ama... Axo eme rarxo rn,
meme a e sapaneno, no axo e camo npnxren na ama rn,
xoro ncxa a crane n rno npnxren, nxma nnmo nomo, crnra
rn camara a xenaem rona, xoero ro xenae. Ho onnra ce a
ro onosnaem n ne nspsna c nnmo." He n rpxnano a nma
sapana sa npsxn mexy mnomn n nspacrnn, ocnen axo e
nannne xpnocmemenne. Hnmo pyro ne nna a e nocno.
Mnanre oaue, xonro ne ca ocraruno yspenn n unro
cexcyanen xnnor ena sanouna, ce nyxaxr na ncxxa nena or
nsnnranne n opasonanne no nnpocnre na cexca.
Heoxonmo e na-manxoro a nm ce oxcnn cmncnr na
saxona, xoro nenn a rn npenasn, r xaro, maxap n roronn
sa nmonno uyncrno, ]nsnuecxn re nce ome ne ca nannno
spenn. Mnoro rxno e a ce nsnnrna uyncrno sa nnna sapan
nmonno npnnnnuane. B Kanaa, nn ]nnmnre, sa xonro crana
yma, nmonra xaro uyncrno nsomo ne e sararnara. Te nmar
enncrneno sa nen a noxaxar cexcyannara arpecnx nnn xaxn
mo-
xe a e cmncnr na napnncrnunnre xomnnnmenrn, xonro
ce npanxr ornocno ]nsnuecxara xpacora nnn xyannre xocn.
Mnanre ne ca nnnonnn sa cnaa na paxaemocrra.
Konxoro no-nro pascxanar xopara ann a nmar ena,
ronxona no-manxo ena npanxr. Koraro ca mnan, re nmar
xenanne sa ena. Hone momnuerara. Momuerara no-manxo. Te
ce pasnnuanar mnoro or momnuerara. Crpaxynar ce camo or
nenepnuecxn onecrn, no ne n ue morar a nanpanxr, es a
ncxar, ee na nxxox xena. Hsomo ne rn nnrepecyna, ue
erero e rxxno, n axe nm e cmemno. Exnnr or Monnenne
nocranx na ncxycnx rosn nnpoc npe momuera n momnuera,
cpann saeno. Pasnnxnre n peaxnnnre nmar nonornuna
ocnona... Cnepmarosonnre y momuerara ca n raxona
xonnuecrno, ue nm e espasnnuno ann nxxox ramera me
onenee nnn ne. Rnomara ne mncnn a csana cemecrno, sa
a ocrann noxonenne cne cee cn. Mncnra sa xpax na
xnnora ne ro sannmana. To e n nnen noem. Koraro mxr
sanouna a pasnpa, ue xnnorr ne e neuen, ena rorana, n
nnxora npen rona, ro ce samncnx sa noromcrno.
B cnyuanre, xoraro ocxannxra ce oprannsnpar
noorenno, sa a cornercrnar na nonornunnre pasnnxn n
na pasnnunnre pannnma na ocsnanane na nponemnre, n
rpxnano momuerara a ar nn]opmnpann xaxno mncnxr
npcrnnuxnre nm, sa a pasepar, ue rxxnoro ornomenne
xm paxanero e xopenno pasnnuno. Anxerara, ocmecrnena
n Monnenne, nxmana sa nen a ce ocxa nmonnoro
uyncrno, a a ce naepe nn]opmannx sa ]nsnonornxra,
mencrpyannonnnx nnxn, onnoxanero n pasnnrnero na
nnoa. Hapouno ne ca ncxann a ce ronopn sa uyncrna.
Bnpexn ncnuxo npoxnenoro ornomenne xm nocranennre
nnpocn He nno nn na-manxo neyrpanno, nnro nacnnno.
oxaro momnuerara ce ornacxnn cepnosno n cnymann
nnnmarenno, momuerara orxnpnxnn ncnuxo c nonrpanxa
nnn nponnx. Hpn nonnnane na nnpocnnxa npnxrnann o
nrpa na ymn c mpcno cpxanne. Bnecxnxr onnr n
ocnooxanane na nononnx axr or uyncrnara onee o
ronxmo pasouaponanne.
Bnenre nanpeme ce orxasaxa. Crpanno e, ue na ]ona na
cxannnancxnx neycnex ce namnpar xopa, orronopnn sa
opasonannero n nsnnrannero na mnaexnre, xonro ca nce
ome n nnen na mnra, ue e nsmoxno a cmecrnyna nannno
oexrnnna nn]opmannx, nesanncnma or e]exra. Bcmnocr
uyncrnara, xonro nsnnrnar xopara nn npsxa c nononnx axr,
ca ronxona cnnnn, ue e nensmoxno, xoraro crana yma sa
rona, a ce ronopn sa crpnxrna nn]opmannx. Anxerara na
nscneonarennre or Monnenne oxnama xaxro yunrenn, raxa n
yuennnn. Anxertopnre nnn noxo nsnenaann or
nenexecrnoro na npenoanarenxnre, xonro n cpannenne c 13
14-ronmnnre momnuenna noxasann mnoro no-nncxa
cexcyanna xynrypa, ocoeno nn npsxa c nononoro
nsnnranne n cxnamannxra nm no rosn nnpoc. opn resn,
xonro nocemanann xypcone, ne sanomnnnn nnmo. Hsrnexa,
ue sa nnunocrra nma snauenne enncrneno nononoro
nsnnranne n opasonanne, nonyueno n na-panna nspacr, n
orram nararx nnpexn onnra nnmo noneue ne moxe a ce
nayun. Hpexnnxnoro npes ronnnre ne moxe nnxora a ce
nsrpne. Onnrr or cnpmennx ]axr. Vunrenxa, sauenana
cnyuano, ce uyncrnana xaro nonanana n xnonxa. Cranana
nsxnmunrenno arpecnnna xm cnonre yuennuxn. 3amo
npenoanarennre ce npornnonocranxr na cexcyannoro
opasonanne? Te ce crpaxynar, ue axo sanounar a pasronapxr
c mnanre no nnpocnre na sauenanero n na nononnx xnnor,
yuennnnre me saryxr nannno nnrepec xm ocranannre
ncnnnnnnn or yuenara nporpama. Bcnuxn ocranann
npemern me nm cranar cxyunn, axo rosn nn ocxannx n
oyuenne ar nxnmuenn n yuennx nnan. Ho o rona nn ce
cnexar enncrneno nnrepecnre na rnnexpnre? He
pasxpnna nn nooen crpax o xaxna crenen yuennnnre ca
norncxann n yunnnme n xenannero na yunrennre a sanasxr
na ncxxa nena nnacrra n anropnrera cn? Hxma a moxem a cn
nsnacxme opn yponnre."
oope e ca+ume +.aoeru oa ce sae+am c opeauusauma
ua cercva.uomo oopasoeauue. Bs+oruo .u e oa u+ ce
noeepu moea oes v:acmuemo ua espacmuume?
Hscneonarennre or exnna n Monnenne anar nsmoxnocr
na yuennnnre, yuacrnnnn n anxerara, a cnoenxr mncnnre cn
n no rosn naunn nayuanar ncnuxn nsmnmntornnn, xonro ce
ronopxr no cenara. Taxa ycranonxnar, ue n manxoro, xoero
snaxr yuennnnre, cnpsano cc cexca, e enxsano or
npepascnnre na rexnnre an.
Tuueorpume noorpenm Xap.e+ esup
%
. Bcu:ru ca
eouuoovuuu, :e mpoea oa ce oopm npomue pacus+a.
Eouoepe+euuo c moea saoe.sea+e, :e +.aoume uevcemuo ce
npeepuam e npoeoouuu ua opvea qop+a ua ceepeeau,
uaco:eua cpeuv espacmuume.
Ennoymnero sa neoxonmocrra or panencrno mexy
pacnre n or nsrpaxane na mnoropacono omecrno, cuerano
n cee cn pasnnunn xynrypn, e sa cmerxa xaro ue nn na non
nn xnacona opa" mexy pasnnunnre noxonennx.
Mnanre ncxpnmnnnpar resn, xonro ne ca na rxxnara
nspacr. Bcmnocr rona e pesynrar or crpaxa, xoro
nspacrnnre nsnnrnar or mnomnre. Te nmenno ce ornacxr
xm rnnexpnre xaro xm npecrannrenn na pyra
enoxa. Hpenoanarennre xasnar: Mnun, rn cn ome ere."
Opmennero na rn" ynnxana mnanx uonex. Or crpax a
ne ce npenpnar camnre n xeprna, mnomnre, crpyna mn ce,
pemanar a nsnpenapxr nspacrnnre, xaro rn nsxnmuar or
xnnora cn, raxa xaxro nenenx ca rn nsxnmunann camnre
rxx. Ocnen rona, maxap n orxasnamn pasronop c amnre n
maxnre cn, re nxmar nnmo npornn a xonraxrynar c
nspacrnn, crnra rona a ne ca camnre ponrenn. B cmoro
npeme ce saenxsna, ue ponrennre ne namnpar sa nyxno a
ronopxr c ena na nspacrra na rexnnre. Cneonarenno
cerperannxra e no-cxopo or crpana na nspacrnnre, xonro ce
crpaxynar or mnanre n xonro ce uyncrnar ynnsenn, axo ca
nocranenn na-
8 Xapnem esnp ]pannysnn or a]pnxancxn nponsxo, nnep na maconoro anrn-
pacncrxo nnxenne SOS pacnsm", nsnecrno c nosynra cn He nocxrare na mon-
re npnxrenn". F. np.
panno c enara: Ome nmam xnro na ycrara", Mnxnn,
xaxno snaem rn!" Bspacrnnre nxpnar, ue onnrr e rxxna
npnnnnernx. Bcmnocr or camoro cn nauano xnnorr e
nsnnnuane na onnr ncexn mnr. To nenpexcnaro nn nsnpanx
npe nonn orxpnrnx,uyncrna,npensnnxarencrna. Ho rasn
npnunna rnnexpr, cpannen c ponrennre, npnnnua na
nsnnsemen. Bpemero, n xoero xnnee, onpnnacx n nemanxa
crenen sa rona.
IHABA BECTHAECETA
KOIATO MHAHTE HMAT VMATA
Maxap n arpaxrnnno xomenrnpann or mennre, nsnonre
or mnoroponnre nscnenannx npxy npecrannrennn rpynn
mnaexn ce nsuepnnar c manxo ymn, r xaro onxnoneno
xasnar eno n cmo. Bnnennxra n rpenornre ca cnpsann
npen ncnuxo cc spanero, nmonra, nepnocrra,
yrnpxananero upes rpya. uax cne rona nnar napnre.
Ha-nnrepecna e enonmnnxra na mnanre npes ronnnre.
3aenxsna ce ena ocnonna renennnx. Mnaexra crpaa
or rnpe ynecnennx xnnor n or nnnca na mornnannx.
Rnomnre ce muar nanpasno a nocrnrnar nemo. Te crpaar
or nnnca na omynane c npenoanarennre, or npespennero
xm nsrnenre nm, xm nspacrra nm n xm rxx camnre.
Hsxnnxnaxn ce xaro npecrannrenn na cnoero noxonenne,
rnnexpnre c nsnenaa ycranonxnar, ue na cnmecrnn
cpannx c npenoanarenn n yuennnn nnxo ne ce ncnymna n
rnaca na mnanre. Cnoenxnn ca ro npenoanarenn, nsmyrenn
xonxo manxo ce nnrepecyna npexropr or mnennero na
rnmnasncrnre. T. nap. xnacnn cnern" ca naponx.
Oparnoro na rona, xoero ce onnrnar a npanxr n yunnnmara
n Kanaa, xero ymnre na ncxxo ere nmar snauenne n
xero enn nr cemnuno enara ce nscnymnar. Bcxxo
npenoxenne nnn xpnrnxa or ere no xaxnro n a e nnpoc
ce pasrnexa n ce nonara na rnacynane. ennsr e
,nspacrnnre n cnyxa na enara" n ce opma nnnmanne na
ncnuxo, xoero xasna erero. Tona ne e emarornx. Cnyxa" n
nmero na opasonannero nm
,cnyxa" n nmero na oporo nm camouyncrnne. Baxnoro e
rnnexpnre a ca cnoxonn n yunnnme. Bn upannnx
nenpnnernnnnre yunnnmnn crpan n pexertr cne uaconere rn
xapar a ce uyncrnar necnrypnn. Hxmar nnxaxnn npana, ne
morar a pasunrar na xaxnaro n a e nomom nnn cyuacrne. B
pesynrar yuennnnre ce onnrnar a nsxrar or
ecrnnrennocrra, raxana, xaxnaro nm ce npecranx, xaro
cnymar xas nnn xnacnuecxa mysnxa. Fxx nsnenaana or
mxcroro, xoero xnacnuecxara mysnxa saema n rexnnx xnnor.
Tosn nn mysnxa ornono cn nsnpma cmncna sa rxx. Hpen
nxxonxo ronnn anxernpann mnaexn orronapxxa, ue sa rxx
xnacnuecxara mysnxa ne e nnxaxna mysnxa.
3a mnanre mysnxara ce e ponna saeno c rxx. Bcnuxo
npen rona e nno mym,' mymr na nspacrnnre.
Hmam uyncrnoro, ue neue ne ce crpemxr xm nponoxannn,
xaxro npanexa npenmnnre noxonennx, sasy
1
, poxepn,
aaxyn
2
. Tesn c naronsnnrano noneenne npnemar mnoro
ope nnxapnre n nsomo ne ce uyncrnar cxanannsnpann or
rxx: As cm raxn, xaxnro cm, pyrn xnnexr pasnnuno.
ope e, ue nma nnxapn." Mnaexnre c opo nsnnranne"
npnemar nemara raxa: Hma no-xpann n no-excrpanaranrnn
or nac, no nne nm noxasname, ue cme pasnnunn n n cmoro
npeme connapnn c rxx." Tona rn ycnoxoxna.
M.aoerrum uumepuauoua.", ,
Enn nn xoncencyc, connapnocr nsnn nonnrnuecxnre
nnxennx. Cmecrnyna nemo neynonnmo n ocnonara,
nenoarnnno na npornosn.
B npeocmaeume.uo usc.eoeaue cpeo o.aeoesnumauu +.a-
oeru c ovproaseu npousxoo, sanumauu rareo +uc.m sa
pooume.ume cu, muouume npoeeam cr.ouuocm oa eu
npeocmaem ramo no.orume.uu .u:uocmu
1 3asy mnaexn, xonro cne Bropara cneronna nona nn upannnx ce
ornnuana! c nmonra cn xm xasa n c excrpanaranrnoro cn onexno F np
2 Faa-xyn xnnnra or 1970 r, xonro nsnpnemar exonornunnre nen na xnnn-
nnxennero n enn no-ymepen crnn F np
nnn Kaysara na enara". Hpenoanarenn no nnreparypa n
]nnoco]nx nm xxa xomenrnpann orxcn or xnnrara. Hnrarn
or xnnrnre mn ca nynnxynann n nxxon yuennnn no
]nnoco]nx. 3annrepecyna me ]axrr, ue noneuero or resn
mnaexn nnxora ne xxa nmann c ponrennre cn raxnna
xon]nnxrn, c xaxnnro ce xxa cncxann mnaexnre, xonro
xx nanmanana npen 67 ronnn. Te ne cnomenanaxa
yma sa noonn nponemn. Kon]nnxrnre nm xxa cnpsann c
rexnn nrpemnn npornnopeunx. Bcnuxn nocranxxa enn n
cmn nnpoc: Kax a ce nocrnna, xoraro ce xenaxr ne
necnmecrnmn nema?" Pasronapxxme xaxnn morar a ar
resn necnmecrnmn xenannx. Bcexn nsnarame cnox nponem.
Hanp.: Fnx xenan a ce yua, sa a nmam opa npo]ecnx, no
n cmoro npeme mn ce ncxa a a cnooen n a paorx
camo no nxxonxo uaca na en, a npes ocrananoro npeme a cn
xnnex." Pasnpa ce, nensmoxno e a cn op yuennx n
enonpemenno c rona a pasnonaram c mnoro cnoono npeme.
Koraro mncnnm manxo sa paorara cn, npecranam a x
npmnm ope. Hannne e npo-rnnopeune mexy ne xenannx:
a ce saannxnam n n cmoro npeme a ce norornxm sa xnnora
cn cne 4 ronnn. pyr yuennx mn xasa: Fnx ncxan a nmam
napn, sa a nmam xena n cemecrno. B cmoro npeme me
ornpamanar npo]ecnnre, xonro nocxr ronemn napn. Fnx
xenan no-cxopo a crana aprncr. Ha-mnoro me npnnnnuar
xopara, xonro manxo ce nnrepecynar xaxno me xar n ann
nxma a cranar cxnrnnnn, no rona ca xopa, xonro ne ca n
ccroxnne a noemar orronopnocr sa cemecrno." Tesn mnan
xopa xxa pasxcann mexy ne xe-nannx, xenannero sa
rnopuecxa peannsannx n xenannero a neuenxr ope, sa a
ocmecrnxr nnanonere cn, cnpsann c eno no-aneuno,
nopaxaemo eme. a xnneem n nnsxo eme oaue
osnauana a nsnpam. He ycnxnam a nanpanx cnox nsop,
namnpam ce n ronxmo npornnopeune cc cee cn."
Mo+u:emama u+am c.eouu npoo.e+: oa u+am oea u e
cuomo epe+e oa ue ca nooe.acmuu ua uuroeo, oa ooam
ceoooouu, uesaeucu+u u oes sao.reuu.
pyr yuennx cnoenn: Fnx ncxan nenpexcnaro a
nremecrnam. a cneuenx napn, a cnpa a paorx n a
nrynam nxxonxo mecena, nocne nax a cneuenx napn. T
xaro nec e rpyno a cn namepnm noxoxma paora,
crpaxynam ce, ue axo ncxam a ocmecrnx xenannero cn, nma
onacnocr a ce npenpna n cxnrnnx. Axo moxeme, maxap n
enxx, nax a nremecrnam, nxmame a nma snauenne. Ho
nnxax ne cm yeen, ue cne sanpmanero cn me mora
ornono a npnneuennam, sa a xnnex."
Tosn, xoro xenae a nryna, rpxna a e n ccroxnne
a' noeme pncxa a crane maprnnanen
5
. Ho mnanre xopa ne
xenaxr a noemar raxn pncx. Hcxar a ca cnrypnn c nnera
cn sa npmane, ncxar n macnoro, n napnre sa macnoro".
Bcuuocm me ca sa eeeroauemo ua eouoeoouuuu
no:ueru, uo paoomooame.ume ca npomue. Muoeo +a.ro ca
mesu, roumo npue+am maruea vc.oeu, ocooeuo roeamo
cmaea ov+a sa omnvcra ua +.aoeru. Heooxoou+o e oa
u+au useecmeu cmar e npeonpumuemo, e roemo paoomuu,
sa oa u+au npaeo ua useupeoeu uen.ameu omnvcr.
Camo pxannn cnyxnrenn n c]epara na opasonannero n
resn, unxro npo]ecnx e a ce rpnxar sa pyrnre, nmar npano
na ncexn ceem ronnn a nonsnar ena ronna ornycx. B
nnycrpnannoro nponsnocrno n n rpronnxra nn upannnx
rona e nsxnmueno.
A xaro cn nomncnnm, ue namnre an n xonnn ne ca
nmann nsomo npano na naxannnx. Hpn noneuero npo]ecnn
o 1936 r. ce e nounnano camo n neenx, opn ne n n cora.
Mnoro manxo ca nnn xopara, xonro ca mornn a ce noxnanxr
c ynxen. Camo nncmnre cnyxnrenn ca mornn a nounnar n
cora cneoe. Ho nec penonmnnxra e nsnpmena n
npanoro na nounnxa nsrnexa cnxro npano, xoero nnnarn e
cmecrnynano. Hnxo ne ce n cema, ue ce e xnneeno n
paornno n no pyr naunn.
5 Tyx a nsnane o1 connanna1a rpyna, xsu xon1o npnnanean, a nsoc1ane nnn
a ce nouync1na nc1pann o1 omec1no1o, n nerona1a nepnqepnn. B. pe.
V:voeauo .ecuo c+e usmpu.u om csuauuemo cu
+uua.omo.
Hxma nnmo uyno: rona, xoero nro npeme e nno
xenanne, nenx ocmecrneno, ce npenpma n norpenocr.
Le mpoea oa uav:u+ +.aoume om 2000-ma eoouua, :e
paoomama ue e ee:e eouucmeeuum ua:uu sa ocuecmeeaue.
Te oopu mpoea oa ce uav:am oa ue npaem uuuo. a ue
o:aream ca+o om paoomama eapauu sa coua.uo
npevcneaue. ueee+ ee epe+e, roeamo e es+orua
pea.usau :pes ceoooouu sauu+auu. Ha+upa+e ce ua
ceem.uuuu eoouuu om rpeoomo ua v:ume.ume om Tpemama
penvo.ura.
Hpn ycnonne ue pasnonarame cc cpecrna, sa a nnamame
naxannnnre cn. Hpen upencxara penonmnnx or 365 nn n
ronnara 175 nnn npasnnnn. T xaro xnrennre n no-
ronxmara cn uacr nnn cenxnn, sapan xnnornnre rpxnano
a paorxr n npes npasnnunnre nn. Heoxonmo nno a ce
oxr xpannre, a ce ana na xoxomxnre n r. n. Bce nax xoenn
na npxna no npasnnnnre. Tona onpnnacxno sa
saspanxnanero na connannnre npsxn n ne npeueno na
paorara. B crpannre or Tpernx cnxr nponxanar a xnnexr
no rosn naunn. T xaro namnre nonnrnnn ronopxr sa
neoxonmocrra a ce nsnpne ynaxennero xm punnx
rpy, re nxa mornn a nouepnxr onnr or paornnnnre n
Rxna Amepnxa, xonro npoxnxnar nsxnmunrenno
npo]ecnonanno csnanne n no nnxaxn naunn ne noxasnar c
noneennero cn, ue ce nyxaxr or nomom.
Fpar mn ocnona ]apnxa sa merannn cxenera n Pno e Xa-
nepo, xaro nae nerpamornn, xonro oaue ymeenn a
crnoxnar mnoro cpuno merannn rpn. B cpannenne c
pyrn nemacrnnre cnyuan npn rxx nnn mnoro no-pexn.
Pasxasname mn xax naen npnnre cn paornnnn cpe
mo]topnre na raxcnra, n xonro ce xaunan npn npncrnranero
cn n Pno. Kasnan nm: Tpxna a nocrpox ryx ]apnxa.
Xenaere nn a oere a paornre npn men, nmecro a
xapare raxcn?" Ho rosn naunn naen nnrennrenrnn xopa,
xonro n nauanoro nnn nerpamornn.
Ha nropara ronna nn oprannsnpan npasnnx n uecr na
]pannysnre, cnoxnnn nauanoro na rasn nnycrpnx n
Fpasnnnx. Paornnnnre oprannsnpann npasnnx sa ]pencxnre
cnennanncrn. Bcexn or rxx onecn omamno npnrornena
ropra, a xennre nm nsponpann nysn sa Bamara xena".
upencxnre nnxenepn nonyunnn noapnn or paornnnnre.
Tona nnxora ne ce e cnyunano nn upannnx.
Koraro nocemanan oexra, par mn ce uyen samo nma
ronxona mnoro xopa no cxenerara. Enn exnnn paorenn, a
pyrn nounnann nesanncnmo no xoe npeme na enx nno.
Hasnparenxr my oxcnnn: Cyrpnnra nm xasnam xaxno
rpxna a cnpmar sa 8 uaca. Te oaue camn pemanar xaxno,
xonxo n xora a nanpanxr. Paorxr xaxro npenenxr n axo
nxxo ce onnra a nm onpeenn xora a nounnar, rona cc
cnrypnocr me onee o nemacrnn cnyuan. Mnoro ope
snaxr xora ca nsmopenn n xora nmar nyxa or nounnxa.
Hsxxar cn saxycxara, xoraro pemar, pemnar 1/4 uac nnn
1520 mnnyrn n as nnxora ne ce pxam, an cm nm saaua
n snam, ue me x nsnnnxr. Onpanxr ce nomexy cn."
Hasnparenxr eme nsxapan crax nn upannnx. Tyx ne e
nsmoxno a ce paorn xaro nn upannnx. Paornnnnre ca
roronn a ocranar 1/2 nnn 1 uac noneue, no a cnpmar
paorara sa enx." Crpyna mn ce, ue rona e nnrepecen onnr,
xoro moxe a ce oxaxe npenecrnnx na nona oprannsannx na
paora n nn upannnx, copasena c pnrma na paornnxa.
B crpannre or Harnncxa Amepnxa oaue rpcenero n
cpannenne c npenaranero na paora e mnoro no-ronxmo n
paornnnnre snaxr, ue axo ne cnpmar rona, xoero rpxna,
pyr me ro cnpmn, a n nxma npo]cmsn, na xonro a
pasunrar. Fpar mn neneme cnnnoro uyncrno sa nnuno
ocroncrno na pasnncxnre paornnnn, xonro ce uyncrnaxa
macrnnnn a naroapxr nnuno na nnxenepa, omn or
upannnx, sa a nm csae paora.
B paseumume cmpauu ue ooe uees+oruo npes XXI e. oa
ce ocuevpea paooma sa ecu:ru. uec, e rpa ua nocmuuovc-
mpua.uomo oouecmeo, cmaea cuo, :e mpvom sano:ea oa
evou sua:euuemo cu u u+a ee:e mosu ceeueu xaparmep om
epe+emo ua npeama uuovcmpua.ua peeo.mu. To ee:e ue
eoxea sao.rume.uo eopoocm om ooope cepueuama
paooma u ue e uenpe+euuo usmo:uur ua npoqecuoua.uo
ca+o:vecmeue. Toea e epe+emo ua eo.e+ume usucreauu u ua
uoeomo npucnocooeaue, esuaeparoeuue sa cmpaxa u
cmpax sa san.ama.
onnar cmncn non rnn enocrn, xonro ne ce
nounnxnar neue na nosnarnx pexnm na paora or XX n.
Hpecron a ce nsnamepxr pyrn naunnn na npnsnanne sa
xomnerenrnocrra, ymennxra, Hmonra xm nsxycrnoro,
ope cnpmenara paora, nxyca xm xpacnnnre n opnre
nema. Cnpemennnre mnan xopa onuar cnopra. Hnrepecynar
ce or cnopr n camnre re cnoprynar. Taxa ce uyncrnar
pasxpenocrenn. Hesanncnmo ann ro csnanar oaue, re ce
moxnpar or momennuecrnara n npo]ecnonannnx cnopr, xaro
rpronnx c ]yronncrn n xonoesaun. Tona npornnopeun na
rxxnara npecrana sa uecrnocr n uonemxnre
nsanmoornomennx.
HPOCTHTYHHR
Mnanre, xonro npocrnrynpar, ro npanxr sa napn.
Fenxsann nn ca or rona? He ncnuxn ce npenpmar n
npo]ecnonannn npocrnryrxn. Fes a ronopnm sa npexrno
noyxane xm npocrnrynnx, ne moxem a orpeuem, ue
nycmncnnero, xoero napn n cpeara, orpeena na
nennnonernnre, e nespana n rona ornomenne.
Camnre nncrnrynnn, camoro saxonoarencrno onopouanar
ornomennxra n yunnnmero n n cemecrnoro.
1415-ronmnn ena, npnnyenn n nmero na cnemenoro
sanxnrenno opasonanne a xncnar na unnonere es
xaxnoro n a e xenanne sa yuenne, ca na npaxrnxa
.npocrnrynpann"
or cocrnennre nm maxn, sa xonro rona e eno or ycnonnxra
a nonyuanar cemenn naanxn.
noxn cxnmunar pax, sa a nnamar no-manxo annn.
Mnoro saxonnn cnpyrn xaro pxanxn nsncxnar or mxere
cn noapnn sa rona, ue rn saononxnar n nernoro.
V:euuume ce omepauaeam, roeamo vcmauoem, :e e
maruea ceemu +ecma ramo usc.eooeame.cru, uanp.
+eouuucru eumpoee, roemo ou mpoea.o oa apu
oesropucmuocmma, cuecmeveam mpeoeu, us+a+u,
xumpvea.u u.u o.ooru rouq.urmu +erov .ua, roumo ce
+pasm. B oouecmeo, roemo ecu:ru couonpoqecuoua.uu
epvnu, ecu:ru opeauusauu u copvru npu.aeam oeoeu
+opa., +.aoume e cmpe+era cu oa ce vmepom :pes usoopa
cu ua oeuocm ce pasrceam om npomueope:u u ro.eoauu
ramo Bvpuoauoeomo +aeape.
B xenannero cn a nomorna sa npeoonxnanero na
noonn npornnopeunx ce opnax xm yuennnn or nocnennx
xnac na ena rnmnasnx, xoxro nocernx, c ymnre: Bne cre n
npexona nspacr mexy ercrnoro n spenocrra. Tona sa nac
e rpyen eran, samoro me rpxna a ce orxaxere or naunna na
mncnene n cmecrnynane or ercrnoro. B cmoro npeme nne
orxpnnare paocrra or orronopnocrnre, xonro neue moxe a
nocnre noono na nspacrnnre, n rona nn npnnnnua. Koraro
cre nnn ena, cre cn mncnnnn xonxo npexpacen e rnopuecxnxr
cnxr na nspacrnnre n ero ue cre na npara my. Kaxno uyo e
nsmoxnocrra a csanam noxonenne. Cmprnn cme, no
ocranxme ena cne cee cn. oxaro cre mnan, cre
oxnanarn or xenanne a cnasnxnare nenpexcnaro
momnuera. Camouyncrnnero nn pacre c ncxxo cnenamo
momnue, no-crpaxorno or npenmnoro. Ho me nacrnn
momenr, xoraro me noxenaere a csaere rpana npsxa c
momnue ne nenpemenno na-na nnn c momue, xoero nxma
nyxa a e sanxnrenno xpacnno. ocraruno me e
a nouyncrnare n nero onesn xauecrna sa emero, sanor, ue
nxre mornn a nsrpanre nemo cnmecrno. uyncrnare ce
pasnoenn mexy ercxnx cn
nean, xoraro ncnuxo e nno nayxxnm, n neoxonmocrra a
csaere nemo ncrnncxo." Enn yuennx noxena a ce
nsxaxe: Hcxare a xaxere, ue nne cre sa xomnpomnca?"
Orronopnx: He, ne cm, no ncexn or nac, xoraro e pasnoen,
rpxna a nseme pemenne n rona ne cnena a ce onenxna xaro
xomnpomnc, samoro rasn yma e naronapena c orpnnarenen
cmncn. Pemennero e nno na peanncrnuen noxo. Koraro
erero e manxo, a ponrennre orarn, ro xenae xo Mpas a
my onece uyecno xoneno nnn ccresarenna xona n r. n. Ho
axo ponrennre ca enn, noapxr me e manxo pneno
xoneno. erennero ne pasnpa samo crana raxa, r xaro
nxpna n enn nopaxaem xo Mpas or npnxasxnre. Ho-
xcno, xoraro pasepe, ue xo Mpas ca ponrennre, ro neue
e na nspacr, xoraro moxe a ro nsnpneme n ce uyncrna
macrnnno, axo nonyun n manxo xoneno. Ionxmoro xoneno ce
npenpma n nemo, sa xoero erero meurae, no ro ne nsnnrna
norpenocr meurara my a ce ocmecrnn. Mora a nn ynepx,
ue orarnre ena ne ca no-macrnnnn cc cnox xo Mpas n
cpannenne c ennre.Tpxna oaue a nopacnar, sa a ro
pasepar." oxaro nm ronopex, re me cnymaxa n nocrenenno
sanounaxa a pasnpar xaxna npomxna nacrnna y rxx n erana
na npexoa. Hanxrax na rona, xonxo e rpyno a ce npemnne
ycnemno npes rasn ]asa, n ycnonnxra na omecrno, xoero
cmo ce npomenx nenpexcnaro.
Vuennnnre or ropnnre xnacone ne nnnsar n xon]nnxr c
ponrennre, samoro cn anar cmerxa, ue xon]nnxrr e n
camnre rxx n n omecrnoro xaro nxno. 3amo a nnnxr
ponrennre sa nponemnre cn, mom camn ponrennre nxa
mornn a cranar xeprna na npomxnara n omecrnoro.
ena1a na pexnaua1a: npounna1a
(Pasronop c Xax Cerena^
Kaxno e ncrnncxoro nnnxnne na r. nap. noxonenne na
pexnamara"?
Hpes 1986 e. oe nvo.urveaua ueeepomua uqpa: 50 % om
norvnrume, uanpaeeuu ee 4pauu npes eoouuama, ou.u noo
e.uuue ua muueorpu noo 15 eoouuu, roumo ca ca+o
25 % om uace.euuemo. Ko.romo noee:e sacmapeam
rume.ume ua 4pauu, mo.roea noee:e u+ e.um +.aoume.
Tasu e.acm e eouucmeeuama ucmuucra e.acm. T ee:e
npuuao.eru ua +.aoume, ramo per.a+ama oonpuuac sa
moea ue+a.ro. M.aoume xopa om m. uap. noro.euue ua
per.a+ama", cnocoouo oa pas:uma noc.auuemo .
Orxora arnpa rona xnnenne?
Pexnamo]nnnxra na mnanre ce noxnxna c nacrnnennero
na pexnamara no renennsnxra (1968 r.). Bnnxnnero na rn-
nexpnre oaue npxy nsopa na nspacrnnre sanouna a
ce ycema mnoro no-xcno, or 23 ronnn. B ecrnnrennocr
15 ronnn xxa neoxonmn Ma'68"
7
oa nooeou.
Moxe nn cepnosno a ce rnpn, ue xnnennero e nocnenna
or Ma'68"?
Bcu:ro, ua roemo c+e ceuoeme.u, e noc.eoua om
,Ma '68". 1968 eoouua ce +amepua.usupa npes 1981.
Voeoeua c+, :e eouucmeeuume peeo.muu, roumo vcneam,
ca uevcne.ume peeo.muu. Te nporapeam nm e csuauuemo
ua xo-
6 ax Cerena enn o1 nan-namyuenn1e uanc1opn na pexnaua1a nsn mpannnn
npes 80-1e ronnn. Ce1ena eme rnanen xoncyn1an1 na CC n npensopna1a
xaunannn sa BHC. B. np., pe.
7 Man'68 uaconn c1yen1cxn npo1ec1n: csnpo1nna n Copona1a, n 1ea1sp
,Oeon" n no apnxan1e na Aa1nncxnn xnap1an n Hapna; oxynnpann ca na
xpynnn sanocxn xounnexca. Bsneaa ce pe c nsopsaena cnna na 1000 panenn
cu ne1e c1pann. Henno1o snaue na npo1ec1npamn1e He Ienapa, neonornn1a
nu cuec o1 1pn1e M" Mapxyse, Mao, Mapxc, a nosynrn1e nu nona
nxonounuecxa, opasona1enna n xyn1ypna nonn1nxa, npana na rpaaann1e. B.
pe.
pama. Peeo.mu, romo ce npue+a sa vcn.a, +uoeo :ecmo
sa+ecmea uro oeceu qauucm .e u.u oopamuo. A moea
ue +ore oa peuu npoo.e+ume. B mosu c.v:a cmaea ov+a sa
+uoeo oaeua eeo.mu. Heooxoou+o oe .o noro.euue, sa oa
usuece merecmma ua Ma '68 ", oa oc+uc.u sua:euuemo +v,
sa oa npeoaoe uaqemama ua c.eoeauomo, roemo oa
ocuecmeu npuuunume +v.
Kax rneare na cnpemennnx mnoma n xax opasr my
nnnxe npxy namnre pexnamn?
Per.a+ama euuaeu mpcu cu+eo.u u euuocmu. Be:uama
cu+eo.ura ua muouecmeomo e :ucmomama u uaueuocmma,
uo eouoepe+euuo c moea u opsocmma, pas+upuume, ovu
mapcmeomo. ,
Cepe+euuume +.aou xopa ooa:e ca opveu: me ca c 2 oo 5
eoouuu no-spe.u om uauemo noro.euue, roeamo mo oeue ua
cuama espacm. ueuuume +.aoeru ca ee:e ucmuucru
+re u reuu u ou ou.o qama.ua epeura oa ce omuac+e c
mx ramo c oea. Hesaeucu+o oa.u cmaea enpoc sa qu.+
u.u per.a+a, cmpe+erm mpoea oa ooe veareuue r+
mxuama ucmuua. Cuecmevea uenpecmauuo npomueope:ue
+erov cu+eo. u oecmeume.uocm.
Kax cnena a ce npecranxr na-uecro mnanre, n rpyna
nnn nnnnnyanno?
Hoc.auuemo ua per.a+uu aquu mpoea oa ooe cuo. Emo
sauo e ueeo epvnume mpoea oa ce usoeeam. Ko.romo no-
+a.ro ca usoopaseuume .ua u suau, mo.roea mo e no-
esoecmeau. Hpu qu.+ume ecu:ro e noseo.euo, uo u ma+
per.a+ume c epvnu ca porocm. Oceeu sa Kora-Ko.a" u sa
oeru Xo.u-evo". H mvr usr.m:euuma nomeproaeam
npaeu.omo.
Hpeo epvnama (roemo euu+auuemo ce pasceea)
per.a+ama npeono:uma euuaeu eouo .ue, epxv roemo ce
ccpeoomo:aea e.um uumepec.
' Bnpo:e+ ruuo ce npaeu ue c +acoeu ceuu, a c eopu n.a-
uoee. Toea ce omuac oue noee:e sa me.eeusuma.
Kaxno mncnnre sa mnomecxara noxa?
eorama muouu e uocume. ua opve c+uc.. B
per.a+ama, cepsaua c oopoama cpeuv uapromuume,
npeouasua:eua sa +.aoume xopa, peuux+e oa sano:ue+ c
+acoea ceua. Tara ucrax+e oa norare+ pas.oreuuemo,
vraca, oesnmuama, pasnvcuamocmma ua upaeume u
paeuoovuuemo r+ +opa.uume cmouocmu. C.eo moea
uaco:ux+e ra+epama r+ +a.romo +o+:eue u saepuux+e
c oeorama.
Kaxna npecrana sa mnomara ce crpemn a csae
pexnamara?
T npeou ecu:ro ce cmpe+u oa ue uapvuaea npeooopasa
ua +.aoerma uaueuocm u opsocm, ramo e cuomo epe+e
ce ooo.uraea oo cepe+euuume +.aou xopa, roumo ee:e
ese+am peueuu u pascroaeam ramo espacmuu. B no+ou
ua per.a+ama uoea ruue+amoepaqu:uama u
me.eeusuouuama rv.mvpa, romo saperoa c oopasu u
cu+eo.u.
Hvou no ruuomo, c ece oue oeecmeeua na+em, +.aoume
c.eom c ueeepomuo euu+auue moea, roemo cmaea ua
+a.ru erpau. Te ca ce poou.u cc c.vua.ru e+ecmo vuu u c
ra+epa e+ecmo o:u. Hapu:am eu euoeonoro.euue.
M.aoerma e u npo+uama, usrvcmeomo oa ce
npomueonocmaeu u oa ooeu pas.u:eu. Om moea xe paroa
mepoe opueuua.ua u usn.ueua c xv+op per.a+a.
ueuuomo espacmuo noro.euue e v:u.o, :e noo.oem,
crasve+omo u oon.ueuuemo ca uepasoe.uo .o. M.aoume
pas:.eueam, pasopooeam esura ueporo noo e.uuue ua
me.eeusuma u per.a+ama. Te ce uspaseam :pes r.unoee,
qop+v.u, .osvueu. Tuueorpume ca ua nm cmnra no
cmnra oa vuuuoram, u c.aea ooev, ecrarea .oeura. Te
u+euuo ue cnacm 4pauu ua mpemomo xu.oo.emue, ramo
saxep.m erapm e rou:emo sa oor.vr.
Moxe nn a ce rnpn, ue cmecrnyna cnenn]nuen naunn
sa npanene na pexnama sa mnomn?
3ao.rume.uo. C+eu ce qorvcm.
Moxe nn a ce xaxe, ue pasnnunnre menn npnnarar
pasnnunn pexnamnn noxnarn, sa a nsnparxr cnonre
nocnannx?
Pasoupa ce. Meouume uocm noc.auue, oux rasa. oopu, :e
me +auunv.upam. Hue mpoea oa v+ee+ oa eu usno.sea+e, sa
oa nporapea+e uoeume cu.
Cuecmeveam m. uap. mon.u" +eouu: paouomo,
ereoueeuuume, roumo c.vram ua coumuemo.
Hsr.m:ume.uo opsu, me peaeupam ua +o+euma. Hsno.seam
esura ua coumuemo, cu.ama ua ov+ume, uora ua
rapmuuume. Besc+uc.euo e oa m.rvea+e, oa nooxoroa+e
uume.ueeumuo, oa vc.oruea+e. ocmam:uo e oa
uuqop+upa+e u oa c+e npeu.
H+a u cmvoeuu" +eouu: cnucauu, opvea nepuooura. Ta+
u+a pascroeuu u sao.oo:aeaue ua me+ume.
Ho u+a u eoua uoea.ua +eou: me.eeusuma, mv
,mon.a", mv cmvoeua", noee:e mon.a, omro.romo cmvoeua
me.eeusuma, romo npeo.aea eouoepe+euuo
uuqop+au, ceuoeme.cmea, :vecmea, rapmuua.
Bce no-cuo per.a+ama ce paseuea e mpu uanpae.euu:
1. Per.a+a ua oopasa no ruuemu:uume +eouu: me.eeusu,
ruuo, v.u:uu erpauu.
2. Per.a+a, romo uapu:a+ per.a+a' ua:uu ua
vnompeoa " sa pas.ura om per.a+a ua re.auuma ". Toea e
per.a+a ua ra:ecmeomo. T usucrea sao.oo:euu oocueuu
(e npecama).
3. Per.a+a ,ua:uu ua nasapveaue". Kar oa ce ese+am
napume ua r.ueuma. uec nompeoume.m ucra +ara cu u
oaua cu. He e oocmam:uo oa eo uarapame oa +e:mae, oa eo
uuqop+upame :pes per.a+ama ua:uu ua vnompeoa".
Be:e e ueooxoou+o oa per.a+upame u rar oa ce rvnvea.
Te.eeusuma, ruuomo u per.a+uume v.u:uu erpauu ca
mpume per.a+uu cpeocmea, roumo u+am ua-eo.+o e.uuue
cpeo +.aoume sapaou ra:ecmeomo ua oopasume, roumo
pasnpocmpaueam. Te ca ramo rueu, a rareo e +.aoocmma,
aro ue npeou ecu:ro rueom!
Cnonecnn ]opmynn, npenpnarn n naponn n cmnrnannx",
npncnoenn xnnmera, npnsnnn, orxcnarn or rproncxoro nm
npenasnauenne c nen omynane. upes rxx rnnexpnre
nmar uyncrnoro, ue ca ce connn cc cno nnemenen esnx,
esnxa na rxxnara nspacr, npornnonocranen na peropnxara na
nspacrnnre. Ho rosn nsxycrnen xapron, maxap n naponen, e
enaxn sa ncnuxn. Hynnuen n manonen, ro nxma
cronocrra na cexperen xonpan esnx, csaen n manxn
rpynn. Tnopuecrnoro e na nspacrnnre, re ca neronnre
csarenn. Hsnonsnann ca camo moennre, or xonro ce
nxnonxnar mnanre. Moepnara pexnama, xaxro n r. nap.
,cryenn menn", npecara anar nsmoxnocr na mnaexnre
a ynpaxnxnar xpnrnunoro cn uyncrno. 3axonann or na-
panno ercrno npe renennsopa, enara nornmar xnnnone n
xparxn nonnnn, xaneocxonnunn nsynrenn. Opas-
napxornx, xoro rn xnnnornsnpa n c arpecnnnnx cn, ycxopen
pnrm ce npenpma n xanmnnnoren.
IAABA CEEMHAECETA
HEPCHEKTHBH 3A FTEBETO
HHHHHATHBH H HPEHOXEHH
Mncnx, ue na mnaoro noxonenne e neoxonmo a ce
rnea no non naunn. a ce noxpenn n rnopuecxn-
anronomnoro my nspacrnane n no rosn naunn a ce ocnoon
mxcro sa cmxnara. Bcexn nma cnoero mxcro.
EHATA TPRBBA A BTAT BT3HAIPAABAHH 3A
OTKPHBATEACTBOTO CH
Taraea es+oruocm sac.vraea oa ce oo+uc.u. Be
4.opuoa omcropo cuecmevea v:u.uue sa paseumue ua
oemcromo meop:ecmeo. C.eo onpeoe.eu ur. oopasoeauue
oeama, roumo u+am npoermu u.u uumvuu sa ueuo,
roemo ouxa +oe.u oa csoaoam, no.v:aeam es+oruocm oa
ocuecmem uoeume cu. Ocuevpea u+ ce epe+e u cpeocmea
oa ce sauu+a-eam om +acmopeue oo omrpueame.cmeo, ramo
pesv.mamm om mexuu mpvo +ore oa ua+epu u
nparmu:ecro npu.oreuue. eama om v:u.uuemo ca ua
espacm +erov 11 u 12 eo-ouuu. C.eo ramo ua eouo om mx
+v o+psua.o oa xep. oor.vra ee:ep, peuu.o oa
+exauusupa mosu mpvo. Cropo +o-re ou usoopemeuuemo ue
e.ese e npouseoocmeo. pveo oeme uenpercuamo evoe.o
rv:emo cu, ramo eo pasxoroa.o ee:ep, xpv+ua.o +v oa
uanpaeu q.vopecupaua rauura. Emo oee omrpumu, roumo
cc cuevpuocm ue ua+epm npu.oreuue e nparmurama,
uuuo, :e aemopume ca oea. He ca+o :e ce
ecuyuauu e max, uo u+ auu ezs+oxuocm a paomam sa
oczuecmeaeaue ua ueume cu e ca+omo yuuuuue. He
upzxouu usezuyueuume uacoee, a meopuecua euocm,
euumueua e yuuuuuuama npoepa+a.
Ha npax1nxa noonn yunnnma enc1na1 xa1o xpen1opn.
Buec1o a nnacn1 nauanen xann1an n aeno npenpnn1ne, 1e
ann1 xann1an n na1ypa. Hono1o o1 nearornuecxa rnena
1ouxa e, ue ocsmec1nnnane1o na 1nopuecxn1e nen c1ana n
uacone1e.
B uouexume c uo+nmmpu euama ca+u czsaeam
ucuemu c eueumpouuu uepu, us+ucueuu om ca+ume max.
Beuzx oyueuu om ezspacmuume, me meopam ueua, uoumo
eoue+ume ue +oeam a us+ucuam. 1eopuecuume
cnocouocmu ua muuexzpume, +uoeo eoue+u oue npeu
nyepmema, ue ce usnouseam e ocmamzuua cmeneu.
ena1a ce npenpsma1 n cauo1nn o1xpnna1enn, 1ona e
nn1epecno1o. mou cue yc1anonnnn, ue 1e npn1eaana1
1nopuecxn cnoconoc1n, ne nna a cnnpaue o1yx. Bnnarn
ce e snaeno sa 1axnna cnoconoc1n y ena1a, 1axa ue noono
1nspenne ne ce nyaae o1 oxasa1enc1na. H nce nax xaxsn
no1ennnan e nn pasnnnnn nopan nepeanoc1 nnn
cao1npaue. Mnc1o1o na ena1a n nnxaxsn cnyuan ne 1pnna
a ce onycxa a se n cepnnno1o, sauspcnnamo, 1eaxo
nponsnoc1no na unc1o1o na nsspac1nn1e, xon1o o1xasna1 neue
1axsn nn 1py, nn1o nsx 1au, xse1o nsnonsna1 pennn nu
psc1 (xa1o n unnnn1e maxrn nanpnuep). Tpyr na enara n
eme n 1pnnano a ce ocmncnn n cnernnnara na
rnopuecxnre nm cnoconocrn. Koraro ncxame or
rnnexpnre a nsoperxnar nonn npemern n ycnyrn n a
namnpar nonn yaunn pemennx, nexa rona a e naunn sa
rxx a neuenxr napn nnn axnnn n npenpnxrnx.
Konxoro e nsmoxno no-pso rpxna a ce ae
nsmoxnocr na manonernnre a neuenxr orpano napn, sa a
morar a saononxnar nyxnre cn no saxonen naunn. Tpn
uernprn or xon]nnxrnre c rxx nxa nnn cmexuenn no rosn
naunn nnn nsomo ne nxa nsnnxnann. Mnoro no-
noxoxmo e o r.
flap. TUC oa u+am oocmn 15-eoouuuume, a ue, rarmo e
ooceea, ca+o 18-eoouuuu +.aoeru.
Cnopno e a ce npenara raxona npemenno pemenne na
2023-ronmnn mnaexn c ynnnepcnrercxo opasonanne,
nenamepnnn paora no cnennannocrra cn n roronn a ro
npnemar nopan nnnca na pyra nsmoxnocr a nsernar
espaornnara, esecrnnero, nenpoyxrnnnocrra.
Honyuanar 2000 ]panxa, sa a... ne cxyuaxr. Or TUC na TUC
nxxon mnaexn pasnpar, ue rona ne e paspemenne, n orxasnar
a ce nxnmuar. Tosn moen, raxa xaxro e samncnen, n
orronapxn no-ope na nyxnre na 1516-ronmnnre
rnnexpn.
Mnanre xopa nnxar xax rexnn npcrnnnn, nenx
npnenn rasn ]opmyna, ca npnnyenn a ro npanxr n nropn, n
rpern nr, xaro no rosn naunn nnxora ne namnpar nocroxnna
paora. Bsnpnenn npnonauanno ope eno raxona pemenne,
no-nararx ro orxnpnxr. Koraro espaornnxr e npnnyen a
npneme resn ycnonnx npe sannaxara, ue n npornnen cnyua
me e sapacxan or cnncxa na espaornnre, rona
osnauana, ue na npaxrnxa mnanxr uonex e nsxnmuen or
ecrnnrennnx nasap na rpya. Opeuen nnn na
npo]ecnonanna exnann]nxannx, nnn na maprnnannsnpama
espaornna es connannn ocnryponxn.
uynana cm sa mnaexn, xonro nsnpar anrepnarnnna
noenna cnyxa no pennrnosnn nnn pyrn nnunn yexennx n
xonro ce uyncrnar mnoro ope na paornoro cn mxcro.
Hosnanam paoroarenn, xonro ca nsxnmunrenno ononnn,
ue ca nasnaunnn raxnna mnaexn na paora. Hanp. n eno
yunnnme naemar raxn mnaex sa nsnnraren, npn ycnonne
ue me e om paornnx. To ce sannmana c oxncnane,
npmn ncnuxo, xoero ce nanara sa nopxanero na
nnrepnara, n ncnuxn ca mnoro ononnn.
Becrnaecerronmnnre n cnenano a nmar nsmoxnocr
sa anrepnarnnna noenna cnyxa npea ome a ca ocrnrnann
nspacrra, na xoxro ce cnyxn.
I TUC nen1pone sa omec1nenononesna 1pyona ennoc1. B. np.
Axo ce namann nspacrra na cexcyannoro nnnonerne nnn
na naxasarennara orronopnocr sa cexcyannn npecrnnennx,
nxma a nma ocnonannx a ne ce namann n nspacrra sa noenna
cnyxa. Honacroxmem, axo ncxam a cnyxnm no-pano, ne
moxem a nsepem anrepnarnnnara cnyxa. Mncnx, ue axo
cmecrnyname raxana nsmoxnocr, mnoro mnaexn nxa ce
nsnonsnann.
Hasua:aeauemo ua +.aoeru, ueeoouu sa eoeuua c.vroa,
ua opraeuu nocmoee e usr.m:euo. Ho-pas.u:uo cmom
ueuama sa +.aoume, roumo rauouoamcmeam sa paooma noo
qop+ama ua a.mepuamueua eoeuua c.vroa. 3a pas.ura om
oceooooeuume, ua roumo ce e.eoa ramo ua oesepmiopu,
.eumu u.u cu+v.aumu, me ue npeouseuream ueeamueuu
:vecmea.
Bce ome n amnnncrparnnnara epapxnx ce nanmana
nerpnnmocr na ronnre" xm neronnre".
3anxnrennara noenna cnyxa ce npnema or omecrnoro
xaro samecrnren na nocnemenne1o. Bcmnocr rx ne e
nocnemenne, a cnxynnocr or acypnn npnnyn.
Muoeo +aru raseam u ouec ua cuuoeeme cu: Boeuuama
c.vroa ue me uanpaeu +r." Hpasuoov+cmeo, xaparmepuo
sa cmpauu cc cmapu eoeuuu mpaouuu. Ha oceooooeuu om
eoeuua c.vroa oue ce e.eoa c npespeuue: Aro ue cu
no.v:aea. uaperoauu, uuroea ue ue +oreu u oa oaeau..."
Muc., :e mara pascroaeam paoomooame.ume om
uauoua.uume ro+nauuu.
uonex n cnenano a nma npano a ne nsnnnxna
sanonen, axo re nnar or nxxo rnynax. Hnnara, xonro ca
ynnnomomenn a naemar cnyxnrenn, n rpxnano a nenxr
ocnooennre or noenna cnyxa sapan xpnrnunoro uyncrno n
spanomncnnero, xoero ca npoxnnnn, xaro ca nanpannnn
ncnuxo nsmoxno a ce nsmxnar: Bnx rn, cxnanan cn
acypnocrra na noennnre npexrnnn n cn ycnxn a ce
npeopnm. Tn moxem a em nenen sa nac."
Cemnunn cpannx sa nspasxnane na
yuennuecxn nporecr
B xanacxnre yunnnma nspacrnnre ca ononnn, xoraro
enara xpnrnxynar npenoanarennre... Bn upannnx
yunrennre npenounrar n nnrepec na ccnonnero a
orcrpanxnar ynrapnre". To xpnrnxyna, cneonarenno e
aconnanen n mxcroro my ne e n peonnnre xnacone.
Hpecnenar ce opn manxnre yuennnn or norornnrennnre
xnacone. 3anosnax ce cc cnyuax na ere, xoero eme
npemnnano npes 4 napanenxn. B npnnre na xnaca ro eme
cmennno uernpnma yunrenn, xonro cn ro npeanann xaro
nexenana uepna onna... erero nenpexcnaro xnamano
yunrennre n npornnopeunx: Buepa rnpxxreeno, nec
xasnare pyro, xoe e ncrnna?" ere c mnoro nncox
xoe]nnnenr na nnrennrenrnocr. Maxara samnna c nero n
no-ronxmara my cecrpa sa Kneex.. Crpaxynana ce a ne
n erero a cn nanneue cmara nenpnxsn, xaxro nn
upannnx. B yunnnmero, xero ornmna a ro sannme,
uaxana no-manxo or 5 mnnyrn. Bn upannnx, sa a e
npnera, nna npnnyena a uaxa c uacone. npexropr
nocrannn nnnmarenno nxxonxo nnrennrenrnn nnpoca sa
nxyconere na enara , sa naunna, no xoro noxpenx cnna
cn, xoraro ro ce uyncrna pasouaponan or cee cn nnn or
pyrnro; ann onua pna, xaxno ]nsnuecxo sannma-nne
npenounra n r. n. Hsomo ne noncxann spannnx my
xapron, enncrneno nonnrann ann nma nponemn c
nsanmoornomennxra cn, xaxnn ornnunx ro panar na-
mnoro n sa nema or ncexnnennero my. Koraro nma
nenpnxrnocrn, c xoro rn cnoenx na-uecro c ama cn,
c aa cn nnn c nac?" Hnmo omo c onesn nonnnecxn
nnpocn, xonro ce saanar nn upannnx na maxara, omna
a sannme cnna cn B yunnnme: Pasnpare nn ce c namnx
cnpyr?"
Hpnnx nr, xoraro maxara ornmna a uaxa cnna cn npe
yunnnme, rpenepena: Kaxno nn me mn xaxe?" To oaue nn
naxonnuen. ope nn eme? a, a." Ineann ce n rx cn
mncnnna, ue nxma a ro pxar nro, samoro nax me ce
noxaxe xaro nenonocnm.
Tpn nn cn mnuan, xoero nno neonuano. Ha uernprnx
ce ornpnmnn: Mamo, crpaxorno ca ro nsmncnnnn, camo ue rn
rpxna a mn nomornem..." Taxa nn? 3amo?" Tasn neuep
rpxna a nspox ncnuxo, xoero ne mn xapecna n yunnnmero
no rouxn. Mora a nannma o 10 nema, no rpxna a rn
nopex. Axo ne crnrne npemero a noronopnm sa ncnuxo, me
e oceno none rona, xoero me cm nocounn na npno
mxcro."
Koraro sa npnn nr xasan na yunrenxara nannno n crnna
cn: Ho, rocnoxo, nne xasaxre, ue rona ne e nxpno n rona
cmo, a nx nocne...", rx my orronopnna: Konxo nnrepecno.
3anomnn ro sa cpannero n cpxa cyrpnnra. Bcxxa cemnna
orenxme no 2 uaca, sa a ocxame ncnuxo, xoero ne npnn.
Hcxame yuennnnre a nn nomornar, xaro nn nocounar ncnuxo,
xoero cnope rxx ne e xaxro rpxna. 3annmn cn rona, xoero
xasnam, sa cpxa." Bn nropnnx maxara npouena ecerre
rouxn na cnna cn. Ha pyrnx en momuero ce npnano
enrycnasnpano. He moxaxme a ocnm ncnuxo, no snaem
nn xax crana, xoraro nxxo xaxe nemo? Bcnuxn rnacynar, n
yunrenn, n yuennnn. Pemnxa, ue nmam npano, n me nsemar no
nnnmanne enexxnre mn." Ena or saenexxnre my ce
ornacxna o nporpamara: ne nno ope a nmar rnmnacrnxa
npen maremarnxa. Fnn aconmrno npan. pyra nna nn
npsxa c mecrara na yuennnnre n xnac: ne nno xyano a
cexr nnnarn na eno n cmo mxcro. 3amo a ne morar a
cmenxr mecrara cn ncxxa cemnna? Ha rona yunrennre
orronopnnn, ue raxa no-necno rn onosnanar. Ho nann cne
npnara cemnna sanounar a rn sanomnxr, cne 2 cemnnn rn
onosnanar nannno n cne rona neue morar a ce pasmecrnar.
Honeennnx ncexn a cxa xero cn ncxa." Hpenoanarennre
or yunnnmero xasnann na yuennnnre: Kcmer e sa nac, ue
oe rona momue, ]pannysnnr, a nn xaxe xaxno ne e
nape, na nac nn ce crpyname, ue nxma nnxaxnn nponemn,nne
nnxora ne cre nocranxnn resn nnpocn." To ce npenpnano n
,snesara" na yunnnmero. Vunrennre
ronopenn: To ce span 1axa c nac ne sa a nn pasnn, a
samo1o nua xpn1nuen norne." Axo uy xaaeu: Hansnno
npan cn, no-ope n nno, no ne cue n csc1onnne a ro
nanpannu 1axa, xax1o 1n ncxam", 1o pasnpa n ce csrnacnna.
Hyaaeno ce o1 npnsnanne, ue e nn1ennren1no. Buec1o 1ona
o1 napna-xn1e yunnnma ro nsxnmunann, samo1o napymanano
ncnnnnnna1a n xnac, xa1o ronopeno nenpexscna1o n
nonpannno ncnuxn. B Kneex nno oc1a1suno, a uy ce xaae
a sanasn xpn1nxn1e cn sa cpna n 1o npec1anano a cnopn.
ope n nno, axo nsn mpannnn ce ynennun pon1 na
yunnnma1a xa1o 1ona n Htonnn, xoe1o nanmanau o1 40
ronnn. npex1ops1 npneua nn1ennren1nn, no nsoc1anamn n
yunnnme ena na nsspac1 o1 8 o 14 ronnn n nu nouara a
nanaxca1 nponycna1o1o. Cne xa1o npeunna1 nnxsna na
oyuenne, rn npneua1 n 9 xnac na nnnen Kapno" nnn rn
nacouna1 a yua1 nnxaxsn sanan1. Beue c1ana yua sa 1ona
yunnnme, xora1o ronopnxue sa psunnn 1py.
Bnnuanne sacnyaana ena uyecna nnnnna1nna na 1ona
yunnnme cspannn1a na neononc1no1o nnn npo1ec1a,
oprannsnpann 2 ns1n ceununo. Bcnuxo, xoe1o ne ce xapecna,
ce Lrennsna npenapn1enno n 1e1paxa: En-xon cn ue
pasnn, xspna un xocn1e n 1. n." Manxo1o uounue, sanncano
1ona n noneennnx, nua nssuoanoc1 a ocsn nponeua cn
n xpan na ceunna1a, n ne1sx, npen a cn 1psrne.
O1ennsna1 ce Meaynnunoc1nn nponeun n 1ouno 1ona e
nn1epecno1o. e-na1a nnma1 nema, xon1o o cnenamo1o
cspanne uoae neue a ca nsrynnn snauenne1o cn. ,A, ne,
neue ne e naano, nnua samo a ro ocsaaue."
Hanpeaenne1o e cnanano. Tnn-nenaspn1e sanncna1 ncexn
en nc1opnn mexy yuennnn nnn (ueay yuennnn n yunrenn, a
xoraro n nerx ce cnpar a no-ronopn1 no onnaxnannxra cn,
npanxr ro no cnpmeno pasnn-uen naunn n cpannenne c
momenra na onara. Knacnnxr c-ner" ce oprannsnpa
nannno cnoono, xaro nponemnre sanxnrenno ce
ocxar n orccrnne na yunrennre Axo ce npenenn, ue nemo
mnoro naxno rpxna a ce xaxe na nspac-rnnre, xann ce
nsnnraren, sa a yneomn npexropa Hnaue
nponemnre ca na enara n ce ocxar mexy camnre rxx.
Vunnnmero n Htonnn e mxona sa nearornuecxo nsecrnne.
B nero ce yuar cmeceno ena or onxnonenn cemecrna n
cnpann, oxasann cnoxra nnrennrenrnocr, no xonro xaro
ncnuxn nnrennrenrnn ena, ocranenn es opasonanne n
opeuenn na esenne, nxa mornn necno a cranar
npecrnnnnn. Herx neuep cnpannre ce npnnpar n
nnrepnarnre nn n cemecrnara or nnsxnre oxonnocrn,
xero ca nacranenn, a ocranannre cn ornnar nxmn npn
ponrennre. Honeennnx cyrpnn ncnuxn ce sanpmar c
npnnx nnax. Te ooxanar yunnnmero, n xoero yuar n
paorxr c ronxmo xenanne. Kpnrnunocrra na yuennnnre ce
noxpenx cnennanno, no ce cmxra, ue n ycnonnxra na
yuenoro saneenne rx n cnenano a ce xanannsnpa n
nsnecrnn rpannnn, a ne a ce nsnnna nenpexcnaro npes nennx
en. B Kneex onpeenxr cnennanno npeme sa cnpxn, na
xonro ce oxypaxanar npoxnnnnre xpnrnuno uyncrno.
Vunrennre or pxannnre yunnnma nn upannnx ne nxa
rpnenn noono nemo or crpax npe onenxara na
yuennnnre.
B Kneex, axo n aeno yunnnme noneuero yuennnn saxnxr,
ue cxyuaxr c nxxo npenoanaren, ro mnnana npe
amnnncrparnnna nncrannnx, xoxro my npenara pyro
mxcro. pxannnre cnyxnrenn n Kanaa ce onenxnar ncxxa
ronna n or pesynrarnre na onenxara sanncn ann me nm ce
nononn oronopr. Bn upannnx noona mxpxa n
nsrnexana rnpe penonmnnonna. B Anrnnx ro npanxr na
ncexn 5 ronnn.
Huro ue ce ec.vuea e e.aca ua qpeucrume oea, enperu
:e mexuu npeocmaeume.u npuccmeam ua v:ume.crume
ceemu e rpa ua eceru v:eoeu cpor. opu u oa ese+am
ov+ama, uuro ue u+ oopua euu+auue, a ce c.v:ea u oa
ooam no+o.euu om oupermopa oa uanvcuam.
Penonmnnx n cncremara na opasonannero n nno ne a
ce ynon mxerr, a a ce npomenn mncnenero na neronnre
cnyxnrenn. Ho-naxno or ncxxaxna pe]opma e yunrennre a ce
yexr, ue morar a ar onenxnann or yuennnnre. Konxo
mnoro ena ca npexapann npemero cn nn ]pencxoro yunnnme,
npnnncnaxn no 100 nrn. He rpxna a npexcnam
yunrenx."
uec npenooaeame.ume om cmpax oa ue usnvcuam
no.oreuuemo ca cr.ouuu oa ce npu+upeam c omccmeuma,
ueeuu+auuemo, pasceeauemo e :ac, ca+o u ca+o oa
usoeeuam rpumurama.
Cnonoro oaue oxnnxna naroapenne na xpnrnxara. Karo
nsocrpxre xpnrnunoro uyncrno y rnnexpnre, nne
onpnnacxre sa rxxnoro camouyncrnne n ocroncrno.
Pasnpa ce, ne rpxna a ce xpnrnxyna nenpexcnaro. Hpocro
nspaxennxra n npenoxennxra morar a ce sanncnar, sa a ce
ocxar n onpeeneno sa rona npeme.
Pasxasaxa mn xax mnaa npexropxa na nauanno yunnnme
nsnnxana maxara na yuennx, sa a xaxe: Bamnxr cnn me
rnea npano n ounre, xoraro my npanx saenexxa. Kaxna
narnocr!" Momnue no cmara npnunna e nsxnmueno or 2
yunnnma. Bspacrnnre ce crpaxynar or eneprnxra, xoxro
nsnuna ercxnxr norne.
Hxxon mnan npenoanarenn, xonro nasxr ropunn cnomen
4
pr Ma'68"
2
, ce onnrnar a ce pxar yronnuecxn c
yuennnnre cn. Te ca ]anmnnn", cnoenxr enara n ouaxnar
a uyxr: Ha mene ne mn nnamar a a mnn c nac, sa rona ca
ponrennre nn. Hnamar mn a nn yua, raxa ue ne mn npeuere
a ro npanx. Crpemx ce a npnnnexa nnrepeca nn, ne a nn
ocranxm yononcrnne." Taxa n rpxnano a ce ronopn c
yuennnnre. Tona, xoero napnuame opasonarenna cncrema",
nxma nnmo omo c opasonannero. Tona e npocnera. Ho npeme
na Tperara penynnxa ca ro napnuann no-cxpomno pxanna
npocnera". Koraro pemnnn ponxra na cemecrnoro a ce noeme
or pxanara, nsnrnann nosynr: a pasnnname naponara
npocnera!" Tx e yxacna, samoro nsnnrana n npexnonenne
npe nnacrra na no-cnnnnx. C ena yma, anrnopasonanne.
2 Bx en na crp 252 B mnaexxre nnnennx or Ma'68" ce npoxnn xon]nnxrr
mexy noxonennxra n xpnsara n ycranonennre mopannn nennocrn F pe
3a eno no-pasnnuno eme or rona
na Mecpnn
Hpes nocnennre ronnn nanmanax paorara n enn
nsnnrarenen nenrp sa nnrennrenrnn ena, nenocemanamn
yunnnme. Te xxa emonnonanno napanenn sapan amnre cn,
noneuero c xpnmnnanno mnnano. Crpaaxa or ornomennero na
omecrnoro xm amnre nm, ynnsxnann n npnemann sa
neocronn xopa. ena c nncox xoe]nnnenr na
nnrennrenrnocr, no es opasonanne, re ca npepasnonoxenn
a ce npenpnar cmo n npecrnnnnn. B pasronop c momue,
xoero ce ropmoseme, orxaxro ama my e ocen sa xpaxa,
xasax: Tona, ue ama rn e orxpanan, ne osnauana
nenpemenno, ue e xpaen. To ne e sarynn ocroncrno xaro
uonex."
Bnnmannero mn e npnnneueno or 11-ronmno momue na
nme Mnmen, xoero ce e sanannno no xrcrna c xamnonn,
xonro xpaeme. ecer nrn e ycnxnan a ro nanpann, oxaro
mo]topr oxnan n nxxo xpanren pecropanr. Kapan,
oxaro cnpmn ensnnr nnn oxaro npnmpe or rna.
Vcnxnan ncexn nr, xoero e saenexnrenno. Kaxn cmncn n
nmano a ro nxapnar n sarnopa? Ponrennre my ce orxasann
or nero. Fnn ny no ronapnnre xonn n meuraen a xapa
xamnon.
npexropr na nenrpa neue eme onnran a noronopn c
nero: He ce nepun, ue xpaem esnaxasano rapnpann no
nrnmara xamnonn. Vcnxnam, samoro cn mnoro cnocoen, no
rona, xoero npmnm, e nesaxonno. Axo ce noxnannm, me re
nsemar sa mnoro xnrp. Taxa me ce nsnoxnm ome noneue, rn,
xoro ne snaem nnro a nnmem, nnro a cmxram n ne n
morn a nsemem opn xnnxxa sa xopmynane. Ha nsnnra
rpxna a ce npouere recrr n a ce nouepraxr nepnnre
orronopn."
Cnyuaxr eme rpyen n ne rpneme ornarane. Kaxno
rpxname a ce nanpann?
Hacranxnanero my n cemecrno na mo]top n morno a
e paspemenne, axo ro ce crnaceme a noeme
nsnnrannero na momuero, xaro ro nsnma cc cee cn n ro
nanpann nc-
rnncxn nosnanau na nrnmara. B Anrnnx enara nmar npano
a mo]npar annn xonn, nanp. rpaxropn. Tona n morno a
e npemenno paspemenne. Momuero ne ncxame nsomo a
snae sa ponrennre cn. Croxr cn nxmn, ne onuar a
nrynar."
He e nensmoxno nxxo mo]top nancrnna a ro ocnnonn.
Ho axo ne noeme o]nnnanno nacronnuecrnoro my, a camo
opononno rpnxara sa erero, nsnnxna nponemr xax a ce
ypen nonoxennero amnnncrparnnno. Haunnannxra pyxnar
npn cncxa nm c npepascnnre, nannnnre, penannre,
orxnnenn mpoxparnunn ]opmannocrn. Hsnn recnnx cmncn
na nonxrnero unpaxynane" n ome no-orpannuenoro
,ocnnonxnane" cron orronopnara saaua a ce nonepn na
nspacrnn opononnn npo]ecnonannoro oyuenne na
mnomnre n npaxrnxara n connannsnpanero nm. Mecrnnre
nnacrn ne nnxar npeuxn a nonepxr"sa nsnecrno npeme na
nacrannnx sa crax mnaexn, sa xonro cmecrnyna onacnocr
a sarnar. Hacxopo nama nsnnrarenn xm ca n Men
3
nonyunxa paspemenne a nsemar cc cee cn na nremecrnne
c anon sa ena cemnna nponemnn ena c nen cnntoro nee
a nponn cnnorara or rexnnx xnnor"... Ena cemnna n
nmero na rxxnoro pennrerpnpane n omecrnoro.
Ocnen xparxn naxannnn cc cenn pemennx nxa mornn
a ce oprannsnpar n ncrnncxn npo]ecnonannn craxone.
Cmecrnynar mecra, xero morar a paorxr craxanrn-
unpann. Ho n cnyuax c Mnmen, rosn na-mna n cnmnarnuen
]pencxn mo]top", n cnenano nxxo camocroxrenno a
noeme rpnxara sa momuero, r xaro ro e mornnnpano, r. e.
nma xenanne a paorn onpeenena npo]ecnx. Iorono nn e
]pencxoro omecrno a ce orxaxe or xponnunnre cn
npepascnn n a onycne enn nrynam camornnx a
nonee cc cee cn no nrnmara nxxo manuyran?
3 Men rpa nn upannnx na pera na p Mosen F np
Vunnnmero mnaexxn n xynrypen om
Vunnnmnnre nporpamn ocranxr manxo cnoono npeme.
Hmam nnemennnna, xoxro mnoro xenae a me nnxa xonxoro
ce moxe no-uecro, no ncexn en rx rprna sa yunnnme n 8 es
15. Vuennuxa n 9 xnac n mnoro amnnnosna, rx e npexaneno
saera. 3a a oe a oxname saeno, rpxna a ce naxrna
c uaconnnxa. T xaro ponrennre ca pasneenn, cora n
neenx npexapna npn ama cn n oxonnocrnre na Hapnx Hpes
cemnnara yuennnnre ca nannno nornnarn or yunnnmnara
nporpama, xoxro ne nm nosnonxna a cn orxnar nnro sa mnr.
A xaro cn npecranx c xaxno cnoono npeme pasnonarar
enara n Kanaa, xonro ce yuar ne no-nomo or ]pencxnre.
Tam n 15,30 u yunnnmero e cnpmnno. He ce nanara a yuar
nxmn cne rona. uyecno n nno sa ena mexy 8 n 12
ronnn a nsnonsnar yunnnmero xaro om om nsnn
yuennre uacone. Cxyuax c ponrennre cn n ce npmam n
yunnnme." Bsnnrarennre morar a ce peynar mexy 16 u n
nonynom. Ha cyrpnnra morar a saxycxr c enara, ocranann
a npenomynar n yunnnmero.
Hooooeu npoerm usucrea oa ce npo+euu opeauusauma e
v:u.uue. Cepaoume ue ce usno.seam n.uoeuuo. He
cuecmeveam u cepuosuu npe:ru om +amepua.eu xaparmep.
Bnpocu +oeam oa esuuruam eouucmeeuo oro.o
cuevpuocmma ua oeama, uo u me ca paspeuu+u. emcrume
ocuevpoeru ue ooxeauam e.u oeu.
Hopan nnnca na npnnnexarenen napnanr a ce ocrana n
yunnnme n cne uaconere enara opn n na na-samoxnnre
ponrenn npexapnar cnoonoro cn npeme no ynnnnre, xoero
e mnoro no-pncxonano.
Koraro nnxennero na erero e or yunnnme nxmn n
oparno, onacnocrnre morar a ce npennxr, r. e. re ca
nsnecrnn. Cnpyrr mn Fopnc pasxasname, ue n ponnx my
rpa sa ncnuxn ena no nerono npeme nmano neuepen uac 19,
a npes snmara 18. Axo cne rosn uac nxxo cpemnen ere
na ynn-
nara, ro nnran xe xnnee n ro ornexan npn ponrennre my.
H nec nn upannnx saxonnre nosnonxnar erero a e
cnpxno na ynnnara n sannrano xe ornna, no nnxo ne ro
npann.
Hax nn upannnx n cpxa yuennnnre ca cnoonn. Ho
xaxno a npanxr, mom ponrennre ca na paora? Hnmo. H ro
samoro yunnnmero e sarnopeno n cpxa. Axo ce ocranxr
nparnre my ornopenn, moxe n na-cerne me e cnoxen
xpa na necrnxnamoro cnepnnuecrno mexy pxannnre n
uacrnnre yunnnma. pxannnre yunnnma me ocnrypxnar
opasonanne, a ncnuxn uacrnn me anar nocnon na enara 24
uaca na enonomne. Tona n nno uyecno pasnpeenenne na
saaunre nomexy nm. uacrnoro opasonanne a ce rpnxn sa
nsnnrannero, a pxannoro sa oyuennero. Hma n pyrn
nsmoxnocrn sa enara, xaro mnaexxn omone n r. n., no
crpyna mn ce, ue nmenno yunnnmero, xero yuennnnre
npexapnar ronxma uacr or npemero cn npes enx n rpynar
snannx, e npnsnano a e nenrp na rxxnara enocr.
3a cxanenne npn uacrnoro opasonanne nonxrnxra nr n
npnsnanne sarynar cmo n nsnecrna crenen cmncna cn.
Cnnnxannsmr e ocroen sa ynaxenne. Ho nnpycr na
unnonnnuecrnoro nponnxna n nero n ro sannaxna. Taxa
cnyxnrennre or cncremara na opasonannero ryxr
nocrenenno or cnox enrycnasm n pemnmocr a nsnnranar n
a nopxanar mnaoro noxonenne sa xnnora. Vunrennre
rnpxr, ue xenannero nm ne e no-manxo or rona na rexnnre
npemecrnennnn, no npn ycnonne ue paorxr 5 uaca nenno n
camo 4 nn n cemnnara, a cmo n npn ycnonne ue mnanre ne
rn npexcnar n ne rn ymopxnar. Karo ue nn rpannnonnoro
opasonanne ornono e n nacrnnenne: Ornopere cn
rerpaxnre n nnxre nxronxara na crpannna..." Moxe n
cncremara nensexno rpxna a crnrne o cnox acyp. Karo
ce opnua na nponan, rx me ce pasnane or camo cee cn n
rorana na npasnoro mxcro me oe apxnrexrypa", ornopena
sa nonnre noxonennx. Kaxn e cmncnr opasonannero a ce
nonepxna na xopa, axo re ne npanxr rona no-ope or
mamnnara! Taxnna xopa morar necno
a ar samecrenn. Be ce pon nono noxonenne
nsnnrarenn. Hpenoanarennre me norornxr nporpamn,
xonro me ce nsnunar no renennsnxra nnn na nneo. Tesn,
xonro me ocranar n uaconere, sa a omynar c yuennnnre,
nxma a ce napnuar npenoanarenn, a annmaropn, noemn.
Axo re nsepar cnpnxocnonennero c enara, ro me e,
samoro ca ro xenann.
Hn]opmarnxara n morna a saeme mxcroro na
anaxponnunnx xopnoparnnnsm. Hpenoanarennre ca na nr
a orpexar xnona, na xoro croxr, xaro rpcxr nenpexcnaro
ynennuenne na marepnannoro cn nsnarpaxenne. Te nmar
nperennnxra, ue npnnanexar xm ena nnepanna npo]ecnx,
no n cmoro npeme ce nsxymanar or npnnnnernnre na
pxannnx unnonnnx.Axo ynopcrnar n onnrnre cn a
noxnpar opasonannero, re n xpana cmerxa me ar
samecrenn or mamnnnre. Cnrypno nxa ce npomennnn n axo
nonyuar npano na enoronmna rnopuecxa naxannnx nenx
na 7 ronnn, xaxro n CAB. Mncnx, ue npes 6-re ronnn, npes
xonro me npenoanar, re me aar na enara mnoro noneue.
Cnpemennnre ena nmar nyxa or yunnnme nenrp na
xnnor. Hexa yunrencxnre cnnnxarn ar raxa opn a
pasnpeenxr resn nsanmoonnnamn ce ]ynxnnn na
npenoanarenn n na nsnnrarenn, xonro me norornxr sa
xnnora.
Aro eooeuume paoomm c.eo :acoeeme, npoqcmsume ue
eu ooeuum e ue.o.ua rourvpeuu cnp+o
npenooaeame.ume cc cmamvm ua opraeuu :uuoeuuu. B
ccmouue .u e, om opvea cmpaua, oouecmeomo oa nouece
quuaucoeu moeap ua san.auaue sa useupeouu mpvo?
uacrnoro yunnnme moxe a cn ro nosnonn. uacrnnre
yuenn saneennx morar a ornopxr nparn sa ncnuxn ena,
xonro nxa xenann a rn nocemanar cc crnacnero na
ponrennre cne 16,30 u. Hxma a nm ce npenoana nnmo,
camo me nonyuanar nacoxn sa pasnnunn rnopuecxn enocrn
nnn npocro me norornxr omamnnre cn sa cnenamnx en.
Hsocranamnre n yunnnme ena me nmar nsmoxnocr a
nocemanar
cnennannn rpynonn nnn nnnnnyannn xypcone. Maxap ue
yuar n pxanno yunnnme, nxxon or rxx xaro crnnennanrn
nnn cpemy sannamane me nonyuanar onnnnrenna
nororonxa nsnn npemero, xoraro ca n cnoero yunnnme.
V:ume.ume om :acmuume v:u.uua, roumo ca sa
paeeucmeo e npueu.eeuume c ro.eeume cu om opraeuu
cermop (uanp. oa ce npuoupam pauo eruu), npocmo u+a oa
ooam cpeo ooopoeo.ume, roumo ue ca eomoeu oa noe+am
u mesu :acoee. Hpenooaeame.ume om opraeuume v:eouu
saeeoeuu eepomuo ue uspasm ueooeo.cmeo, :e
pooume.ume eu nooeueam, ramo eu mpemupam ramo
:uuoeuuu c eoua-eouucmeeua qvuru oa npenooaeam ua
oeama u+.
Hsnnsa, ue raxnna npenoanarenn ne ncxar a ar
xpnrnxynann. Hcxar n a sanasxr mononona cn. Hpn nce rona
re uyecno snaxr, ue enara nonyuanar noneue nn]opmannx or
ynnnara n or renennsnxra, nsnn yunnnme. Te ncxar oaue a
ar o]nnnanno enncrnennre, xonro npenoanar snannx.
3aanar ce rpynn npemena. B enn momenr ncnuxo me
rpmne. Koraro cme n sanena ynnna, rpxna a ouaxname
npomxna. Hauanoro na xpax nocn oemanne sa nemo nono.
Opasonarennara cncrema, raxana, xaxnaro x nosnaname or
npemero na Xmn uepn
4
, rpxna a ce saxpne", sa a ce
nsmncnn nemo pyro. Hcrnncxara npomxna ne moxe a ce
nsnpmn n pamxnre na crapnre crpyxrypn. Mnoroponnre
onnrn ro nocxasnar. Honoro me ce pon camo nsnn crapara
opasonarenna cncrema. Hpannnoro, ue npenoanarenn or
uacrnnx cexrop ne morar a paorxr n pxannnre yunnnma,
moxe a e npomeneno. Hexa yunrennre, xonro ncxar a
npenoanar, a ro npanxr, no rona, xoero c cnpsano c
nsnnrannero n c nacounanero na enara nn, a ce nonepxna na
xopa, npnsnann a ro npmar. Be oe en, xoraro
npo]ecnonanncrn or ncnuxn onacrn na xnnora es
sanxnrenna nearornuecxa xnann]nxannx n c pyrn
npo]ecnn me morar a oyuanar ena n
4 Xanoxar n nonnrnx, mnnncrp, anrop na pe]opmara n opaso-nannero, ana ocrn
na momnuerara o cpenoro opasonanne (1881 r.) F.np.
cncremara na pxannoro opasonanne. Hanpmnnnre 40
ronnn me nmar npano na 5 ronnn esnnaren ornycx, axo
xenaxr a ce nocnerxr na npenoanarencxa enocr. Ha rasn
nspacr re nxa mornn a ce oxaxar no-opn nearosn or
nxxon crapmn yunrenn.
Hanoc.eor nopaou ueoocmue e omorema urou uav:uu
paoomuuu ce opueumupam r+ v:ume.crama npoqecu e
o:areaue oa ooam e.acveauu uoeu cpeocmea sa uav:uu
cermop Te u+am uurareo re.auue oa npenooaeam. Hpaem
eo no npuuvoa, ramo sacmaeam npeo avoumopu, ua romo
u+a rareo oa raram.
Tona ornomenne xm npo]ecnonannnx xnnor e ener na
xpnsa n cnpemennara nnnnnnsannx.
Hrareu cmnru ece nar ca uanpaeeuu. Cpeuam ce
cneua.ucmu om uuovcmpuma, roumo npenooaeam e
mexuu:ecrume cneua.uocmu ee Bucuemo v:u.uue no
apxumermvpa u.u e v:u.uuama no +euuor+um, rarmo u
useu opraeuu cermop, m. e. e :acmuume v:u.uua.
Hureuepu npenooaeam ee eucuume v:eouu saeeoeuu, ramo
e cuomo epe+e paoomm e npouseoocmeomo. 4uuaucucmu,
+euuorpu npenooaeam ueua, roumo nosuaeam c
nparmu:ecromo u+ npu.oreuue. 3amoea ce no.seam c
ooeepuemo ua cmvoeumume, uo ece nar moea ca ee:e
espacmuu xopa.
3amo a ne e nneena rasn npaxrnxa n n cpennre
yunnnma? Mncnx, ue nxxo en n rona me crane.
B xenannero cn a yenaxnxr, a oprannsnpar n a
cranaprnsnpar opasonannero npnnpxennnnre na
sanxnrennara sa ncnuxn monoxynrypa me onear
cncremara o sanena ynnna, xaro x nanpanxr nenonocnma.
Torana me rpxna a ce nsmncnn nemo pyro. B
connanncrnuecxnre crpann ne e nanpaneno nnmo no-opo.
Bcnuxn ena n Knra nonyuanar nsmoxnocr a ce oyuanar n
ncnnnnnnn, xm xonro nsnnrnar ronxm nnrepec, sa a cranar
no-xcno nasaun na xenesonrnn npenesn n nxxo sarnren
xpa. Bcnuxn ca opeuenn a
cnyxar xaro pxannn unnonnnnn es npsxa c
opasonannero, xoero ca nonyunnn. Bcnuxn ca opasonann,
r xaro na ncexn 10 yuennxa ce naa enn yunren. Ocnen
rona yuennnnre ca no nasopa na nsnnraren, xoro xaro
maxa-xnauxa npexapna nennx en c rxx, es a nm
npenoana. Te yuar mnoro, sa a cn nsemar nsnnrnre, a nxmar
xaxnaro n a e nepcnexrnna sa emero cn. Hnmar uyecno
na ]pencxn, a cranar nasaun na npenesn, xaro ne snaxr opn
xnracxn, samoro xnracxnre nanexrn ca mnoro. opn ne
snaxr xe me rn nasnauar na paora. Hnna nyocr! H nce
nax ncnuxn nonyuanar opasonanne. Tona e na-mnororo,
xoero morar a nocrnrnar connanncrnre. Taxn e nornunnxr
sanpmex na cranaprnsnpanoro snanne. Axo ncnuxn yuar
eno n cmo, xax nxa mornn a namepxr paora,
cornercrnama na opasonannero nm? Bcexn nonyuana paora
cnope neoxonmocrra or cnennanncrn n crpanara es npano
na nsop nnn nspaxenne.
Hpn ncxxa mox cpema c yuennnn mn ce xasna, ue
yunnnmero e na-orerunrennoro mxcro, xoero moxe a
cmecrnyna. Mxcro, xero ce nymn xamnm n ce peme.
Hsrnexa, ue mnanre xopa ne cn n nomncnxr, ue nmar npano
a nsncxnar noneue. Bceomara enpecnx, xoxro napn, ne
moxe a ce cpannn opn c rasn n nenen crannonap.
Vunnnmero ce e npenpnano sa enara nn n sarnop sa npes
enx. Hxma cmnenne, ue axo rpxname a nnamar, sa a ro
nocemanar, nemara mxxa a ar pasnnunn. Tesn, xonro nce
nax ce yuar, ocoeno momnuerara, craparenno nsnpmnamn
ncnuxo, xoero ce ouaxna or rxx, xnnexr c uyncrnoro, ue
opasonannero nxma a nm nocnyxn sa nnmo. Hesanncnmo
ann ca momuera nnn momnuera, re sypxr, sa a cn nsemar
nsnnra, a rn ocranxr na mnpa nnn npocro a nsxrar or
cxyxara. Ocranannre nymar, nnrar mym, npanxr ce na
nnorn nnn xoxr c momnuera, sa a cn sannnar npemero n
a ne cxyuaxr. Hma n raxnna, na xonro nsomo ne nm nyxa.
Ho-xcno n xnnora re me uaxar nnnarn a rn nocxr na rp.
Txx nxma a rn uyere nnxora a ce onnaxnar. Hxmar xenanne
a cnenar npnmepa nnro na resn, xonro camo xnnar", nnro
na pyrnre, sa xonro xnnorr e neuen npasnnx.
Veenn ca, ue ncnuxn ca opeuenn na escmncnen n
esnnrepecen xnnor, opn n a namepxr n na-opnx cnyua
nxxaxna paora. Hxma nepcnexrnna. 3amo rorana a ne xnnexr
nxn xnnor xaro napasnrn!
Tesn rpn nna noneenne ca rpnre orronopa, xonro
yuennnnre anar na cncremara, rpn orronopa c enn n cmn
snamenaren: esnaexnocr. Fesnennocr, es eme, en sa
en. 3a men raxana nepcnexrnna sa mnanx uonex e
yxacxnama. Hxma nnxaxn cmncn, ne nnxame samo."
Bcnuxn sanxennx, xonro ce crpemxr a nm nanarar,
nsrnexar xaro nxxaxna nnorcxa orxnnennna. He rn
nsocranx uyncrnoro, ue ncxar a nm ornemar ncxxaxna
nnnnnarnna n nm npeuar a ce crpemxr xm nemo, o xoero ne
xenaxr a rn onycnar. Axo rn sannrare, es npenapnrenno
a ca mncnnnn no rosn nnpoc: Kaxno nxre nanpannnn na
mxcroro na nspacrnnre?", Kaxnn ponrenn nxre xenann a
nmare?", Kaxnn nxre ncxann a ca yunrennre nn?", re
naann me ca n ccroxnne a nspasxr nxxaxno mnenne,
samoro ne ca cnnxnann a rn nnrar sa mnennero nm.
Heoxonmn ca nponxnrennn pasronopn c mnanre n
orccrnnero na rexnnre npenoanarenn, sa a ar re n
ccroxnne a aar cmncnen camocroxrenen orronop na
noonn nnpocn, es a cn cnyxar c ynprannxra na
nspacrnnre.
a ce ae ymara na mnanre ne e xaro a ce noae
mnxpo]onr na nnep, xoro me npnxasna or nmero na
ncnuxn, nnn xaro a ce nonnnn nnpocnnx, npenasnauen sa
nspacrnn. a ce ae ymara na mnanre osnauana a nm ce
ae nsmoxnocr ncexn a e ronopnren cam na cee cn.
HOBA HOHHTHuECKA HIPA.
KOIATO HOTHKBAME EHATA
A HIPAT HA BT3PACTHH
Hpes xnyapn'88 Mmpnen Marto na 20 ronnn crana xmer
na Kacrp. Hpenmnnx mecen 43 omnncxn cnernnnn xxa ns-
pann or yuennnnre na ncnuxn pxannn n uacrnn yunnnma n
rpaa sa cpox or 1 ronna. Mmpnen e yuennuxa n nnnex Xan
Xopec". Homomnnnnre ca nourn na nenara nspacr.
Ecrecrneno nonnre cnernnnn, na nspacr mexy 9 n 13
ronnn, nmar camo xoncynrarnnen rnac, samoro, xaxro ce
ocemare, crana yma sa ercxn omnncxn cner", csaen
no nnnnnarnna na ncrnncxara omnna.
Hpna exnapannx na erero-xmer: Bspacrnnre n
nauanoro ca nnn ena. Ho xaro nopacnar, sanounar a mncnxr
camo sa cee cn. Hpn nonnrnnnre e ome no-crpamno. Te
mncnxr camo sa napn." 3a ncrnncxnx xmer, r-n unnnn eno,
rona nno nemo xaro npaxrnuecxo ynpaxnenne n n nnxaxn
cnyua penonmnnx. Hpocro xaro xypc no rpaxancxo
noneenne. Cnecren uonex, ro pemana a ocnexn
armoc]epara n rpaa.
Ho nce nax csnana, ue omecrnoro ne ce ncnymna mnoro
n mnennero na enara, a re nmar xenanne a ce mecxr nn
ncnuxo es xaxnnro n a e xomnnexcn. Bo ce ornacx o
samecrnnx-xmera, ro or cnox crpana nxman namepenne a ce
ocrann a ro ynpannxnar ena": ... Hxma a crnrna oram a
rnpx, ue nonnrnxara e nemo npexaneno cepnosno, sa a ce
ocrann na ena. Hnxo ne snae nce nax xaxno n morno a nm
oe naym..."
ercxn omnncxn cnern
Be 4pauu cu naoa+e no uucmumvuume. Bepomuo
moea e npu:uuama oemcrume oouuucru ceemu oa
npoo.raeam paseumuemo cu. Csoaoe ce qeoepau u ce
opeauusupa rouepec npes +a'87. Toea e eoouuama, roeamo
ua-+.aoum r+em ee 4pauu uaepuu 20 eoouuu.
Cnernre nmar camo xoncynrarnnna ponx, no ce nsnpar
xaxro nonnrnnnre. Pasnonarar c manx mxer, saceanar n
npoyunar npenncxn. Bcexn cner nma cnonre ocoenocrn n
npnopnrern. Hxxon nocranxr na npno mxcro npoexrnre, xon-
ro enara morar a ocmecrnxr, nanp. nocrpoxnanero na
ercxa nnomaxa, pyrn nanxrar na xoncynrarnnnara ponx.
Kmerr ce nsnpa sa ena ronna or unenonere na ercxnx
omnncxn cner. ope e, ue nma peynane, samoro raxa
enara nxmar npeme a cranar nspacrnn, xaxro ce cnyuna uecro
n ercxnre panopeaxnnn, xero naxpax sanounar a
xomannar mnan, no neue spenn xopa. Hpe cnernre, xonro ce
onnrnar a noxasnar na enara xax ecrnar nncrnrynnnre, as
nnuno npenounram cnern, xonro ocmecrnxnar nxxaxnn
,npoexrn". Hpnnxr xmer, xoro npnnneue nnnmannero mn c
opa nex, e rosn, xoro npenoxn na enara a cepar
nnacrmaconnre yrnnxn nnn ncnuxo, nenonexamo na
nonornuecxo pasrpaxane.
A ero n nanmennxra na enn or mnanre xmerone: enara,
yuacrnann n omnncxnre ercxn cnern, ne xenaxr a cranar
omnncxn cnernnnn, xoraro nopacnar. Te namnpar
saceannxra na nspacrnnre sa mnoro ocann n cxyunn.
Tnnexpnre ca macrnnnn, xoraro csnanar, ue npanxr nemo
nonesno xaro unenone na ercxnx omnncxn cner, no orxnpnxr
no npnnnnn moena na omnncxn cner, nsnpner or
nspacrnnre. Te crnrar o nsnoa, ue nspacrnnre ne npmar
nnmo n saceanar nanpasno. 3acnyxana a ce samncnnm npxy
]axra, ue sannrann ann nxa ncxann, xaro nopacnar, a cranar
ornono omnncxn cnernnnn, opn resn, xonro ca nnn xmerone
xaro ena, orronapxr orpnnarenno. Pasnpa ce, re nxa mornn
a npomenxr mnennero cn, no rpxna a xaxa, ue opasr,
xoro cn csanar sa cnernnnnre, ne e nnxax nonoxnrenen.
Tona noxasna, ue rasn npaxrnxa ne e nxnonxnama sa enara.
Oxasna ce, ue cne xaro camn ne ca sanounann a cn nrpaxr
na omnncxn cnernnnn nnn xmerone, re xnno nxmar xenanne
sa noona enocr. Hexra ce e ponna n rnanara na enn
xmer, noen or xenannero a ae nsmoxnocr na enara a
ce sannmanar c nemo, xoero me rn naxapa a nonxpnar n cee
cn. Ho rona, or xoero nnnarn crpaa ena nex, nsnnxnana no
rosn naunn, e, ue rx ne e omna or camnre ena. Hpocro rona
e nemo xaro a cn nonrpaem na nspacrnn". Tnopuecxnxr yx
na enara e amnyrnpan.
Hpenoxennx sa pe]opmn n npomenn
n ceramnoro saxonoarencrno
3anxnrennoro opasonanne o 16-ronmna nspacr
a e sameneno cc sanxennero enara a ce nayuar a
uerar n a nnmar n a ce npemaxne orpannuennero nn
nspacrra npn nocemanane na yuenn saneennx n pxannnx
cexrop.
3a a ce npomenxr ornomennxra n c]epara na rpya,
xaro ce csae nsmoxnocr mnaexnre no-pano a nanycxar
cemecrnoro, n xoero ca orpacnn, ce npenara oprannsnpane
na nnaren crax sa mnaexn na 15 ronnn, xaxro n
nsmoxnocr mnomn a ar nasnauanann n npenpnxrnx nnn
or uacrnn nesanncnmn paoroarenn c npano camn a
nonyuanar sapaorennre napn. Ocnonnoro e mnanre a ar
nesanncnmn or ponrennre cn, es a nma saxononapymenne.
Hanpmnnn 14 ronnn, mnaexnre rpxna a nmar npano na
emannnnannx.
Bsnpmanero na ocroncrnoro na npo]ecnxra
,nsnnraren" a onpnnece sa pannonecnero mxe xenn n
pxannnre yuenn saneennx.
Mnanre xopa, xonro npecranar a xoxr na yunnnme,
cne xaro nanpmar 14 ronnn, rpxna a nmar nsmoxnocr
a nocemanar r. nap. TUC.
Bspacrra na nnnonernero a ce namann none na 16
ronnn sa momuerara n na 15 ronnn sa momnuerara.
a ne ar naxasnann cc sarnop nennnonernn
mnaexn, nsnpmnnn npecrnnenne.
a ce npemaxnar cennre npecnenannx sa ynorpea
na mexa" pora, no es a ce ysaxonxna ynorpeara .
Haxasarennnxr c sa nennnonernn a e
npemaxnar.
a ar ocnrypenn nnrepnarn sa ncnuxn xenaemn,
npenmno n camnre yunnnma. Bcxxo yunnnme n morno a
osanee no 2 ranancxn cran cc cannrapen nsen sa rasn
nen.
Vuennxr pnrm nn upannnx a ce npnnee o rosn
nn ncnuxn crpann or Enponecxara omnocr. a ce nxnmun
2-uacono rexnonornuecxo oyuenne cemnuno n rnmnasnnre,
sa a morar n resn, xonro ce opnenrnpar xm nnrenexryannn
npo]ecnn, a ycnoxr punn ymennx.
a ce ocnrypn sa yuennnnre, nanpmnnn 11 ronnn,
nsmoxnocr a npexapnar, npnpyxenn or npenoanarennre
cn no uyxn esnnn, no enn cpox n yuenn saneennx n
Anrnnx, Iepmannx Hrannx nnn Hcnannx cnope nsyuanannx
esnx.
a ce ae nsmoxnocr na nanpmnnn 16 ronnn
rnnexpn a yuacrnar xaro opononnn n nomomnn
excnennnn sa nsyuanane n pemanane na nponemnre or
ncexnnennero na a]pnxancxnre napon.
HPHHOXEHH
HPHHOXEHHE 1
OCHOBHH PA3HOPEFH HA KOHBEHHHTA 3A
HPABATA HA ETETO
1
Hpeaumn
Hpeammnr ce nosonana na ocnonnnre npnnnnnn na
Oprannsannxra na oennennre nannn, xaxro n na cnenn]nunnre
pasnopen na nxxon cnopasymennx n npoxnamannn. B nero ce
nanomnx, ue nopan cnoxra yxsnnmocr enara ce nyxaxr or
cnennannn rpnxn n nomom, n ce noueprana, ue rnannara
orronopnocr sa rona ce naa na cemecrnoro.
Hsrxna ce cmo neoxonmocrra or npanna n nenpanna samnra na
erero npen n cne paxanero my, naxnocrra or saunrane na
xynrypnnre nennocrn na omnocrra, n xoxro ro xnnee, xaxro n
xnsnenonaxnara ponx na mexynaponoro crpynnuecrno, sa a ce
npenpnar npanara na erero n ecrnnrennocr.
Onpeenenne sa e1e1o (unen 1)
,ere" osnauana ncxxo uonemxo cmecrno na nspacr no 18
ronnn, ocnen axo crnacno nannonannnx saxon nnnonernero ne
nacrnna no-pano
Hpo1nn ncxpnunnannn1a (unen 2)
Bcnuxn npana ca nannnn sa ncxxo ere es nsxnmuenne.
pxanara ce sanxana a samnmana erero cpemy ncxxa ]opma
na ncxpnmnnannx n a nsema ncnuxn noxoxmn mepxn sa
rapanrnpane na npanara my.
Bncmn1e nn1epecn na erero (unen 3)
Bncmnre nnrepecn na erero ca npnocrenenno copaxenne
nn ncnuxn ecrnnx, ornacxmn ce o enara. pxanara rpxna a
1 Hpnera or OC na OOH na 20 noemnpn 1989 r Parn]nnnpana c Pemenne na BHC
or 11 anpnn 1991 r Texcrr e no cn Kypnep na RHECKO", noemnpn 1991 r, crp
4042, n .pxanen necrnnx", p 55 or 12 mnn 1991 r F pe
ocnrypn na erero neoxonmnre rpnxn n samnra, n cnyua ue
ponrennre nnn orronopnnre sa nero nnna ne ca n ccroxnne a ro
cropxr.
Ocsmec1nnnane na npana1a (unen 4)
pxanara e nxna a npenpnema ncnuxn neoxonmn
saxonoarennn, amnnncrparnnnn n pyrn mepxn sa ocmecrnxnane
na npanara, npnsnarn n rasn xonnennnx.
Opnen1annn na e1e1o n pasnn1ne na neronn1e cnoconoc1n
(unen 5)
pxanara saunra npanara n sanxennxra na ponrennre nnn na
unenonere na no-ronxmoro cemecrno a ar ocnrypenn no naunn,
cornercrnam na pasnnrnero na cnoconocrnre na erero.
Onennnane n pasnn1ne (unen 6)
Bcxxo ere nma neormenno npano na xnnor n pxanara ce
sanxana a my ocnrypn n maxcnmanno nsmoxna crenen
onenxnanero n pasnnrnero.
Hue n rpaaanc1no (unen 7)
erero nma npano na nme or poxenne. To nma n npanoro a
npnone rpaxancrno, n, oxonxoro e nsmoxno, npano a nosnana
n a e orrnexano or cnonre ponrenn
3amn1a na cauonnunoc11a (unen 8)
pxanara ce sanxana a saunra npanoro na erero a sanasn
es nesaxonna nameca cnoxra camonnunocr, nxnmunrenno cnoero
rpaxancrno, nme n cemenn npsxn
Pasennne o1 pon1enn1e (unen 9)
erero nma npano a xnnee cc cnonre ponrenn, ocnen axo
rona ne npornnopeun na nncmnre my nnrepecn; ro nma n npanoro
a nopxa xonraxr c namara cn ponrenn, axo e paseneno or
ennnx nnn or namara.
Csnpane na ceuenc1no1o (unen 10)
erero n neronnre ponrenn nmar npano a nanycxar ncxxa
crpana, xaxro n a nnnsar n cnoxra cocrnena c nen cnpane na
cemecrnoro nnn nopxane na npsxa mexy orennnre my
unenone
Hesaxonno npexnspnnne n nenpsmane na ena o1 uyanna
(unen 11)
pxanara e nxna a ce opn cpemy nesaxonnoro
npexnpnxne n nenpmane na ena or uyxnna, nsnpmeno or
ponren nnn or rpero nnne.
Bssrnen na e1e1o (unen 12)
erero nma npano a nspasxna cnoono nsrnenre cn no
ncnuxn nnpocn, ornacxmn ce o nero, xaro na rxx cnena a nm ce
npnana cornernoro snauenne.
Cnooa na nspasnnane na unenne (unen 13)
erero nma npano a nsnara nnxannxra cn, a nonyuana n
npeana nn]opmannx n nen or ncxxaxn nn nesanncnmo or
rpannnnre
Cnooa na uncsn1a, csnec11a n pennrnn1a (unen 14)
pxanara saunra npanoro na erero na cnooa na mncnra,
cnecrra n pennrnxra, npnsnanaxn ponxra na ponrennre npn
ynpaxnxnane na rona rxxno npano.
Cnooa na cpyaanane (unen 15)
enara nmar npano a ce cnpar n a opasynar cnon
cpyxennx, xaxro n a ce npncennxnar xm neue csaenn.
3axpnna na nnunnn anno1 (unen 16)
erero nma npano na samnra cpemy ncxxa nameca n nnunnx my
xnnor, n neronoro cemecrno, omaxnncrno nnn n xopecnonennnxra
my, xaxro n cpemy nesaxonno nocerarencrno npxy uecrra my.
oc1sn o noxonma nnqopuannn (unen 17)
pxanara rapanrnpa ocrna na erero o nn]opmannx n
marepnann or pasnnunn nsrounnnn n nacpuana cpecrnara sa macono
ocneomxnane a pasnpocrpanxnar nn]opmannx or connanna n
xynrypna nonsa sa erero. pxanara nsnma mepxn sa samnra na
erero cpemy nn]opmannx n marepnann, npenn sa neronoro
naroccroxnne.
O1ronopnoc1 na pon1enn1e (unen 18)
pxanara oxasna nomom na ponrennre npn ocmecrnxnane na
rxxnara orronopnocr no orrnexane na enara. Bncmnre nnrepecn
na erero ca rxxna ocnonna rpnxa.
3axpnna na e1e1o cpemy uan1pe1npane n snoyno1pea
(unen 19)
pxanara ce sanxana a saxpnnx erero cpemy ncnuxn ]op-
mn a nacnnne, ynpaxneno npxy rxx or ponrennre nnn or pyrn
nnna, na xonro ro e nonepeno. Tx paspaorna connannn nporpamn sa
samnra na erero cpemy snoynorpea n sa npocnexnane cnyuanre
na manrpernpane.
3amn1a na e1e1o, nnmeno o1 ceuenna1a cn cpea (unen 20)
pxanara e nxna a ocnrypn cnennanna samnra na ere,
nnmeno or neronara cemena cpea, n a my rapanrnpa
anrepnarnnnn rpnxn ocnnonxnane nnn nacranxnane n noxoxmo
ercxo saneenne. Heoxonmo e npn rona a ce pxn cmerxa sa
xynrypnnre n esnxonnre ocoenocrn na cpeara, or xoxro
nponsxoxa erero.
Ocnnonnnane (unen 21)
B crpannre, xonro npnsnanar n onycxar ocnnonxnane, nncmnre
nnrepecn na erero rpxna a ar npnocrenenno copaxenne,
xaro sa nenra ce rpcn paspemenne camo or xomnerenrnnre nnacrn
n ce ocnrypxnar ncnuxn neoxonmn rapannnn. Ocnnonxnanero n
uyxnna e anrepnarnnno cpecrno, axo ne moxe no nnxaxn
noxoxm naunn a ce nonarar rpnxn sa nero n crpanara.
ena eaannn (unen 22)
pxanara ocnrypxna cnennanna saxpnna na ere, xoero ce
cmxra sa exanen nnn ncxa a nonyun craryr na exanen 3a rasn
nen rx rpcn crpynnuecrno c xomnerenrnnre oprann.
ena c yuc1nenn nnn qnsnuecxn neoc1a1snn (unen 23)
pxanara npnsnana npanoro na erero c ymcrnenn nnn
]nsnuecxn neocrarnn na cnennannn rpnxn, nosnonxnamn my a
non nnnonenen n ocroen xnnor n ycnonnx, xonro ocnrypxnar
ocroncrnoro my, noompxnar camocroxrennocrra n ynecnxnar
axrnnnoro my yuacrne n omecrnoro.
3pane n spannn ycnyrn (unen 24)
erero nma npano a ce nonsna or na-nncoxnx ocrnxnm
cranapr na spanocnonno ccroxnne n spannn ycnyrn. pxanara
orenx cnennanno nnnmanne na ocnonnnre spannn, xaxro n na
npenanrnnnnre rpnxn na spannara npocnera na nacenennero;
nonara ycnnnx sa namanxnane na ercxara cmprnocr B rona
ornomenne pxannre noompxnar mexynaponoro
crpynnuecrno n ce crapaxr nnxoe ere a ne e nnmeno or
npanoro na ocrn o e]nxacnn spannn ycnyrn
Kon1pon nspxy nac1annnane1o (unen 25)
ere, nacraneno n cnennanno saneenne or xomnerenrnnre
nnacrn c nen rpnxn, samnra nnn neuenne, nma npano na nepnonuen
xonrpon ornocno neronoro nacranxnane.
Omec1neno ocnrypnnane (unen 26)
erero nma npano a ce nonsna or omecrneno ocnrypxnane,
nxnmunrenno or connannn sacrpaxonxn.
nsnen c1anap1 (unen 27)
Bcxxo ere nma npano na xnsnen cranapr, cornercrnam na
nyxnre na neronoro ]nsnuecxo, ymcrneno, yxonno, mopanno n
connanno pasnnrne. Ponrennre nocxr npnocrenenna orronopnocr
sa ocnrypxnane na rosn cranapr. pxanara e nxna a rn
nonomara npn ocmecrnxnanero na rona npano. Orronopnocrra na
pxanara nxnmuna marepnanna noxpena sa ponrennre n
rexnnre ena.
Opasonanne (unen 28)
enara nmar npano na opasonanne n pxanara rpxna a nm
ocnrypn esnnarno n sanxnrenno nauanno opasonanne, a
nacpuana pasnnrnero na pasnnunn ]opmn na cpeno opasonanne,
npanexn rn ocrnnn sa ncxxo ere, xaxro n a rapanrnpa ocrn
o nncmero opasonanne sa ncnuxn n sanncnmocr or cnoconocrnre
nm Cnasnanero na yunnnmnara ncnnnnnna rpxna a e
cnmecrnmo c uonemxoro ocroncrno na erero. 3a a ocnrypxr
saunranero na rona npano, pxannre rpxna a nacpuanar
mexynaponoro crpynnuecrno.
Opasona1ennn nenn (unen 29)
Opasonannero rpxna a e nacoueno xm pasrpmanero
na nnunocrra na erero, na neronnre apn, ymcrnenn n
]nsnuecxn nsmoxnocrn o na-nnnnx nm norennnan. To rpxna
a norornn erero sa orronopen xnnor n cnoono omecrno n
a nsnnra y nero ynaxenne xm ponrennre my, xm neronara
cocrnena xynrypna camonnunocr, esnx n nennocrn, xaxro n xm
xynrypara n nennocrnre na pyrnre napon.
ena o1 uannnnc1na1a nnn o1 xopenno1o nacenenne (unen
30)
ena or mannnncrnara nnn or xopennoro nacenenne nmar npano
a ce nonsnar or cnoxra cocrnena xynrypa n esnx, xaxro n a
nsnonxnar cnoxra cocrnena pennrnx.
O1nx, nounnxa n xyn1ypnn ennoc1n (unen 31)
erero nma npano na ornx, na nrpn n na cnoono yuacrne n
xynrypnnx xnnor n nsxycrnara.
e1cxn 1py (unen 32)
erero nma npano a e samnreno or nsnpmnane na paora,
xoxro xpne onacnocr sa spanero my nnn moxe a nonpeun na
opasonannero n pasnnrnero my. pxanara onpeenx
mnnnmannara nspacr sa sanounane na paora n npennxa
noxoxmo perynnpane na ycnonnxra sa rpy.
Yno1pea n 1paqnx na napxo1nnn (unen 33)
erero nma npano na samnra cpemy nesaxonna ynorpea na
napxornnn n ncnxorponnn nemecrna, xaxro n cpemy rona a e
nnneueno n nponsnocrnoro n pasnpocrpanennero nm.
Cexcyanno excnnoa1npane (unen 34)
pxanara e nxna a samnmana enara or cexcyanno
excnnoarnpane n snoynorpea," nxnmunrenno npocrnrynnx n yuacrne
n nponsnocrnoro na nopnorpa]cxn npecrannennx n marepnann.
Hpoaaa, o1nnnuane n 1spronnn c ena (unen 35)
3anxenne na pxanara e a nonara ncnuxn ycnnnx sa
npeornparxnane na npoaxara, ornnnuanero n rpronnxra c ena.
pyrn qopun na excnnoa1annn (unen 36)
erero nma npano na samnra cpemy ncnuxn pyrn ]opmn na
excnnoarannx, sacxramn n xaxnro n a e acnexr naroccroxnnero
my, xonro ne ca ynomenarn n unenone 32, 33, 34 n 35.
Hs1esanane n nnmanane o1 cnooa (unen 37)
Hnxoe ere ne nna a e nonarano na nsresannx, xecroxo
ornacxne nnn naxasanne, nnro a e nesaxonno sapxano nnn
nnmanano or cnooa. Hnro cmprno naxasanne, nnro oxnnoren
sarnop es nsmoxnocr sa ocnooxanane ne morar a ce nanarar
sa napymennx, nsnpmenn or nnna no 18-ronmna nspacr. Bcxxo
ere, nnmeno or cnooa, rpxna a e oreneno or nspacrnnre,
ocnen axo ce npenenn, ue nncmnre nnrepecn na erero nsncxnar a
ne ce npann rona. ere, xoero e sapxano, nma npano na npanna n
pyra samnra, xaxro n na xonraxr cc cemecrnoro cn
Bsopsaenn cnscsnn (unen 38)
pxannre crpann no xonnennnxra, nsnmar ncnuxn nsmoxnn
mepxn a ocnrypxr nnnara no 15-ronmna nspacr a ne yuacrnar
npxxo nn nopxenn ecrnnx. Hnxoe ere, nenanpmnno 15
ronnn, ne moxe a e npnsonano nn nopxennre cnnn.
pxannre rpxna a ocnrypxr samnra n rpnxn na ncxxo ere,
sacernaro or nopxen xon]nnxr, xaxro nonenxna mexynaponoro
npano.
Ipnan sa nssc1anonnnane (unen 39)
pxanara ce sanxana a npenpneme ncnuxn neoxonmn
mepxn sa nonomarane nscranonxnanero n connannara
pennrerpannx na ere, cranano xeprna na nopxen xon]nnxr,
nsresanne, nnnca na rpnxn, manrpernpane nnn excnnoarannx.
Hpanocsne sa uanone1nn (unen 40)
Bcxxo sanoospxno, onnneno nnn npnsnaro sa nnnonno n
napymanane na naxasarennnx saxon ere nma npano a e
rpernpano no naunn, cnmecrnm c uyncrnoro sa ocroncrno n
cocrnena cronocr na erero, copasen c nspacrra my n nenxm
pennrerpannxra my n omecrnoro. erero nma npano na ocnonnn
rapannnn, ena or xonro e a ne e npnnyxanano a ana
noxasannx nnn a ce npnsnana sa nnnonno, xaxro n na npanna n
ncxxaxna pyra samnra. Bcexn nr, xoraro e nsmoxno, a ce nsxrna
anane xo na eno nnn nacranxnane n saneenne.
3aun1ane na neue enc1namn pasnopen (unen 41)
Koraro n saxonoarencrnoro na cornernara pxana nnn n
mexynaponoro npano ce cpxar pasnopen, no-
naronpnxrnn sa ocmecrnxnane npanara na erero, orxonxoro n
rasn xonnennnx, rorana re ca n cnna.
Hpnnarane n nnnsane n cnna na pasnopen1e (unen 42 o
54)
Pasnopenre, nxnmuenn n unenonere or 42 o 54, npennxar
cnenoro:
1) pxanara ce sanxana a ononecrn mnpoxo cpxamnre
ce n rasn xonnennnx npana xaxro cpe nspacrnnre, raxa n cpe
enara.
2) Vupexna ce Komnrer no npanara na erero, ccranen or 10
excneprn, naronapenn a npoyunar oxnanre, xonro pxannre
crpann no xonnennnxra, ca sanxenn a npecranxr ne ronnn
cne parnnn]npanero n cne rona na ncexn ner ronnn.
3) pxannre crpann no xonnennnxra, npanxr cnonre oxnan
ocroxnne na mnpoxara omecrnenocr.
4) Komnrerr moxe a npenoxn a ar npenpnern
cnennannn npoyunannx no nnpocn, ornacxmn ce o npanara na
erero.
5) 3a a nonomornar e]exrnnnoro npnnarane na xonnennnxra n
a nacpuar mexynaponoro crpynnuecrno, cnennannsnpannre
oprannsannn xm OOH (xaro RHECKO, Cneronnara spanna
oprannsannx) n VHHHEu morar a npnccrnar na saceannxra na
xomnrera.
HPHHOXEHHE 2
FICTBATA HPH RHOBHTE
Onnr sa onpeenenne
Rpncrnre npnn npoxnnxa nnrepec xm xrcrnara na
manonernnre. Ho-xcno xxa nocnenann n or pyrn cnennanncrn:
nexapn, ncnxnarpn, ncnxonosn. Fxrcrnoro moxe a ce onpeenn
xaro xparxonpemenno samnnanane, cne xoero erero nourn nnnarn
ce sanpma nxmn (sa pasnnxa or cxnrnnuecrnoro) (19). -p Hepon
ro onpeenx xaro ycnemen nnn neycnemen onnr a ce npeoonee
ccroxnne na nanpexenne" (18). Cnope Pyne ncrnncxoro" xrcrno
e nmnyncnnno, ro pascnua nsena na xpnsara, es a non oaue o
nxxaxno pemenne. Enncrnenara my nen e a ce nsxra or rona,
xoero e cranano nenonocnmo n c xoero mnomara ne ycnxna a ce
cnpann (21)
Bersnnn1e n saxons1
Bcxxa ronna nn upannnx ce perncrpnpar 30 000 xrcrna na
manonernn, a r xaro ponrennre nonxxora ne rn oxnxnar, omo
nsero, ce cmxra, ue rexnnxr po e 100 000, r. e. 2 % or resn, xonro
ca na nspacr mexy 10 n 18 ronnn (21).
Bn upannnx cnope Ipaxancxnx xoexc manoneren nxma
npano a nanycxa xmara na ponrennre cn es rxxno crnacne,
maxap ue Haxasarennnxr xoexc ne rnea na xrcrnoro xaro na
napymenne. Bce nax npn xrcrnoro cmecrnyna npesymnnnx sa
onacnocr, xoero onpanana nonara nameca na cennre oprann :
na nonnnnxra n na cnxra no ena sa ena (23).
Taxa npnnre cecennnn na nsxrannx mnaex ca or nonnnnx-
2 Cmecrnyna nsnecrno pasnnune n crpyxrypara n ]ynxnnnre na nnacrnre n
Fnrapnx n upannnx F. pe.
Taxa npnnre cecennnn na nsxrannx mnaex ca or
nonnnnxra sa manonernn nnn or xanapmepnxra n xonxoro n a ce
crapaxr, re ne morar a ce ocnooxr or ornomennero cn xm nero
xaro xm npecrnnnx; ro me e oncxnpan, pasnnran sa
namepennxra cn, sa cpecrnara cn sa npexpana n uecro nrn me e
nocnonen sa pemerxnre na nonnnecxnx yuacrx. Honnnnxra
pemana ann a ro npeae na cemecrnoro, nnn a ro npecrann na
ercxnx cneonaren. Maxap ue xrcrnara n nnxaxn cnyua ne morar
a ccrannxnar npecrnnenne, oxono rxx nnrae yxr na
npecrnnennero.
Tnnonornn na ersnnn1e
B noneuero cnyuan rona ca nannnn mnomn n momenr na xpnsa,
ena xeprna na nacnnne (9), nacnncrneno sarnapxnn or
ponrennre, ocoeno rpynn ena or nnrepnarn n omexnrnx,
nsocranamn yuennnn. Ha-uecro re ce cpemar npn 14-ronmnnre.
Rnomnre ernnn onxnoneno ce ornnuanar c rpn ueprn na
xapaxrepa: necrannnocr, xnnepemonnonannocr n nespenocr na
uyncrnara (12).
Hxxonxo ca ]axropnre, xonro morar a nornxnar mnaexnre
xm xrcrna. Hpen ncnuxo cemenara cpea: ornomennxra n
cemenara noxa n cemennxr xnnmar nmar ronxmo snauenne,
pasxnara na ponrennre nnn nnncara na pasnparencrno mexy
unenonere na cemecrnoro, anxoxonnsmr na ponrennre, noem o
nacnnne, nnncara na anropnrer, cnpxnporexrnnnocrra,
orxnpnxnero na enara or ponrennre (19, 12, 6).
Bnpexn ue xrcrna ce nanmanar nn ncnuxn cpen, ouennno
e nce nax, ue re na-uecro ce cpemar cpe nxonomnuecxn cnanre
cnoene.
Heccroxrennocrra na nsnnrannero, nponycxnre n
opasonannero, orccrnnxra n uecrnre saxcnennx n yunnnme,
orxasr or opasonanne, nenpncnocoenocrra n yunnnmnnxr
neycnex morar cmo a ar npnunna sa resn xrcrna (14).
Connannnre crpecennx cmo nrpaxr ponx. Ho npeme na ronxmara
enpecnx n CAB npen Bropara cneronna nona ce nanmanar ronxm
po cnyuan na cxnrnnuecrno cpe mnomnre. Hoonn crpecennx ca
npnunna sa opasynanero na ann or ena-cxnrnnnn no npeme na
nonn, na penonmnnn n na xaraxnnsmn or ncxxaxn nn (18).
Hpn nce rona xrcrnoro e camoren axr, nocnenna or nesaononenn
uyncrna. Koraro mnomara samncnx xrcrno, ro rnea na nero xaro na
nemo oxonuarenno, xaro na naunn a ce ocmecrnn cxcnane cc
cemecrnoro n cc cpeara, xoxro ro saonxanx. Onxnoneno
ecrnnero ce npexoxa or mnoro nnanone (22).
xonmocrra a ce npexpanna n a nma nocnon, nsnpmna naxasyemn
ecrnnx, xpaxn, npenpeanane na napxornnn nnn npocrnrynnx.
Bce nax ne moxe a ce rnpn, ue ernenr sanxnrenno e
npecrnnnx (22).
Hpenan1nnnn n neuenn uepxn
opn a e n noneuero cnyuan nsnenaa sa ponrennre,
cmecrnynar snann, xonro nocxasnar sa cmecrnynanero na
namepenne sa xrcrno (18).
Benx nsnpmeno exnnero, ne cmecrnynar saxonnn
nncrnrynnn nsnn nonnnnxra, oropnsnpann a noemar rpnxara sa
ernnnre n nepno na xpnsa, npen a mnnar npes ercxnx
cneonaren. To e rosn, xoro moxe a napen nacranxnanero nm
nno n cnennannsnpann nenrpone, omexnrnx, cnyxn sa cnemen
npnem, nno n cemecrno nnn n spanno-ncnxonearornuecxn
nenrpone.
Karo nmar npenn necnpmencrnara n rona ornomenne, nxxon
nsnnrarenn, unenone na aconnannn, nonxxora n cneonarenn
napymanar saxona n namnpar npemenen nocnon na raxnna
manonernn n xpnsa (21).
Bcmnocr o]nnnannnre nncrnrynnn, naronapenn c noemanero na
,rpynnre ena", ca nce no-manxo n ccroxnne a ce cnpanxr cc
saauara cn. B rosn xonrexcr ce noxnxnar nonn crpyxrypn. Bce ome
manxo na po, re nsnnxnar no pasnnunn ]opmn, or SOS rene]onn
na onepnero" (cne xaro omynanero e napymeno, rpxna a ce
nscranonn) o cnyxnre sa cnemen npnem (mnaexr moxe a e
nonomornar or xomnerenrnn n pasnpamn nspacrnn, xonro
npoxnxnar roronnocr a nscnymar nponemnre my), nenrpone sa
npnmrxnane (xoraro rnnexpr orxasna none npemenno a ce
sanpne nxmn). Henra e a ce nserne ycnoxnxnanero na xon]nnxra,
a ce yranoxn nanpexennero, raxa ue a ne ce crnrne o neoparnm
paspnn, r. e. n pamxnre na nsmoxnoro a ce nomnpxr crpannre
ena n ponrenn (23).
B nxxon cenepnn crpann saxonr onycxa mnanre xopa a nmar
nsmoxnocr sa nsnecrno npeme a orxnar, xaro ce nacranxr
npemenno n npenasnauenn sa rasn nen or mecrnnre nnacrn
omexnrnx.
B CAB cne 1968 r. nsnnxnar nenrpone, xero ce npenara na
mnanre npemenen nocnon sa 24 uaca npn rapanrnpana
anonnmnocr, n ronna n cpeuna armoc]epa. Cmecrnynar noneue
or 200 noonn nenrpa sa manonernn n nxnara crpana n pamxnre na
Hannonannara mpexa sa nonomarane na nennnonernn ernnn n
cemecrnara nm. Honeuero ca csaenn na mecrna nouna n
nopxar opn nsanmoornomennx c nonnnnxra, npanocnero n
connannnre cnyxn, xonro c roronnocr nacounar xm rxx mnaexn
npen oxon-
c,cu, :cufc c cfc:~ccf ~-cc:-f :sv fix v-t~u ,~tu
c:c~-f~~cfc ,~r-:-~~ ~- ,cc~v- uv (1, 8). c~ -: fix~-f-
c:ccct- ~- t~.cf:u~ ~ tccf- c,-~u~~- u fc:- cs.t-:- ~i:cu
f,,t~ccfu.
Fnnnorpa]nx npxy xrcrnara
1. AMBROSINO, Lillian, Runaways, Boston: Beacon Press, 1971.
(Travellers Aid Locations, Hotlines, Halfway Houses).
2. BERGERON, Dr Marcel, Les fugues et le vagabondage chez
l'enfant et l'adolescent. In: Bulletin de psychologie, N 5, 1954.
3.BLOCQUAUX, Jean; ROSENZWEIG, Jean Pierre, La fugue
n'est pas un dlit. Est-ce djn droit? In: Cahiers d'action juridique,
A 35/36, 1982.
4. BRENNAN, Tim; HUIZINGA, David; ELLIOT, Delbert S., The
social psychology of runaways, Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books,
1978.
5. CHAPMAN, Christine, American's runaways New York:
William Morrow, 1976.
6. COL, C, Fugues et milieu familial. In: Revue de neuropsyhiatne
infantile, v. 12, N 10/11, oct./nov. 1964.
7. COLOMBANI, Christian, Mineurs en libert. In: Le Monde de
l'ducation, N 49, avril 1979.
8. CULL, John G.; HARDY, Richard E., Problems of runaway
youth Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1976.
9. FARBER, E. D.; KTNAST, C; Mc COARD, W. D.; FALKNER,
D., Violence in families of adolescent runaways. Child abuse and
neglect, v. 8, USA, 1984.
10. GONNET, Bernard, Les routards de l'absolu. Bourges: Chalet,
1975.
11. IMPE, Marc; LEFEBVRE, Alex, La fugue des adolescents:
d'une approche dterministe et linaire une approche
phnomnologique et systmatique. Bruxelles: Universit de
Bruxelles, 1981.
12. JARDIN, F.; FLAVIGNY, H., Le rle du pre dans les fugues
de l'enfant. In: Revue de neuropsychiatrie infantile, oct./nov.l965.
13. JOFFROY; DUPOUY, Fugues et vagabondages. Paris: Alcan,
1909.
14. LAUNAY, C, Fugues d'coliers et phobies scolaires. In:
Revue du praticien, N 12, 1962.
15. LE LAN, Guy, Le problme des fugues chez les mineurs In.
Revue de la sret nationale, N 42, mars/avril 1962.
16. LIBERTOFF, Ken et al., Runaways. In: Journal of family
issues, v. I, N 2, juin 1980.
17. LOBROT, Michel, Fuguer: un espoir vivre. In: Autrement,
N22, nov. 1979.
18. NERON, Dr Guy, L'enfant fugueur. Paris: Presses
Universitaires de France, 1968.
19. PAMPIN, Sara; SORIANO, V., La fugue des enfants et des
adolescents du milieu familial. Paris, 1973. (Universit de Paris VI).
20. REBOUL, Claude, L'enfant de la fugue. Paris: Stock 2, 1979.
21. ROUBIER, C; LESSGE DE LA HAYE, J.; UZIDOS, A.,
Aux risques de lafugue...\n: L'cole des parents, N 6, 1984.
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enfants et les adolescents fugueurs. In: Revue de droit pnal et de
criminologie, N 3, dcembre 1965.
23. TILLETTES, Bruno, Jeunesses en rupture: lieux d'accueil ou
centre de crise" pour les moins de 18 ans, de nouvelles rponses. Paris
Autrement, 1980.
HPHHOXEHHE 3
CAMOVFHHCTBATA
MEXVHAPOHO CPABHEHHE 3A PTCTA
HA CAMOVFHHCTBATA HO BT3PACT H HOH
HA 100 000 1980 I.
Or Camoyncrna n onnrn sa camoyncrna nec:
ennemnonornuno nscnenane". x. u. enncn, A.
unnnn.
CAB: Camoyncrnara npn mnaexnre
(Pesmme or crarnx, nynnxynana n Arannnone, ]enpyapn 1985 r.)
Camoyncrnara npn mnaexnre onxa pasmepn na ncrnncxa
ennemnx, xoxro sacxra ncnuxn cnoene na omecrnoro. Crana yma
sa a1nnnunn camoyncrna oronxona, oxonxoro anannsnre na
asara na pasnnunn napamerpn, xaro oxon, mecroxnneene,
connanno pannnme, paca n r. n., ne cnomarar sa nsxnxnane na recnn
xopena-nnn...
Crarncrnxara coun 5170 camoyncrna na mnaexn (mexy 15-
n 24-ronmna nspacr) n CAB sa 1982 r., r. e. S ns1n no-nncoxa
nn]pa n cpannenne c 1950 r.). Hpes 1985 r. rexnnxr po ocrnra
6000, r. e. enn na 17 mnaexn. Amepnxancxara aconnannx no
cynnnonornx cmxra, ue xaprnnara e ome no-uepna. Cnope nex na
enn ycnemen" onnr sa camoyncrno cornercrnar 50 neycnemnn.
Ipynara na 15 24-ronmnnre n CAB e enncrnenara, xero
nponenrr cmprnocr ce ynennuana nocroxnno.
Cmecrnyna Hannonanen xomnrer sa npenennnx na
camoyncrnara npn mnanre, ornanxnan or An]pe eneno, nnm
nomomnnxryepnarop na Hm Hopx, n ona Fxnn, unro cnn ce
camoynna na 15-ronmna nspacr. Tosn xomnrer, csaen or
Konrpeca, cn e nocrannn sa nen a cepe anxa annn npxy
camoyncrnara npn mnaexnre n a ae na asara na rasn
nn]opmannx npenopxn na nnacrnre. H rona e aconmrno
nanoxnrenno, xaro ce nma npenn, ue mnanre or 1985 r., no-cxopo
xapnepncrn n xoncepnaropn, no nnmo
ne npnnnuar na mnaexnre or 1960 r. Cneonarenno cxemnre na
noneenne na cnpemennoro mnao noxonenne ca c mnoro
nensnecrnn.
Or connonornuecxa rnena rouxa nn]ponnre annn ca nerounn
na-neue no ne npnunnn: nonnnnxra npenounra a ronopn sa
nemac1en cnyuan nmecro sa camoyncrno n xenannero cn a
noman cemecrnoro, xaro ocrann mxcro sa cmnenne.
Camoyncrnoro ce npnsnana camo n cnyuanre, xoraro xeprnara e
ocrannna nncmo, oxcnxnaxn namepennxra cn, xoero ce cnyuna
mnoro pxxo. Axo npn ycranonnrennnre ecrnnx cn sarnapxxa no-
manxo ounre, mxxa a cn aar cmerxa, ue xnnennero e mnoro no-
cepnosno, orxonxoro noxasnar annnre.
Kaxna e omara xaprnna? nemnara mnaex no-rpyno namnpa
mxcroro cn n omecrnoro n cpannenne c npenmnnre noxonennx,
oxaro n cmoro npeme omecrnoro ne namnpa cnnn a ce cnpann c
rosn nponem. Cnope Poepr Iyn, ncnxnarp, npo]ecop n
Mennnncxnx xonex, Hm Hopx, rpacxnxr mnoma nxma uyncrnoro,
ue e neoxonm na omecrnoro, nnro ue e nancrnna xenan.
Ponrennre ne pasnonarar neue c npeme a ynpaxnxnar npo]ecnxra"
cn na ponrenn. Or pyra crpana, npxy resn yxsnnmn mnomn ce
ynpaxnxna nennxan narncx: rpxna a nocrnxr n na-oporo
yunnnme, rpxna a nanpanxr na-opnx nsop nn npsxa c
emara cn xapnepa, rpxna a nocrnrnar no-opn pesynrarn n
cpannenne cc cnonre npcrnnnn. Bcnuxn ponrenn ce naxnar, ue
rexnnre ena me nocrnrnar pesynrarn na cpennre, xoero n
rnoanen oxnar e acypno. Or pyra crpana, y cyuennnnre nm
cmecrnyna crpemex npexaneno pano a rn nocnerxr n cexca n n
ynorpeara na napxornnn, xoero cmo e nn crpec. Xnnorr crana
npexaneno cnoxen, opn nenonocnm.
Crpaxr or npena xa1ac1poqa sacenuna cmo paocrra or
xnnora.
Mnoro mnan xopa nmar nexcna npecrana sa cmprra nno
nopan rona, ue npe rxx ca nsxrnann a ronopxr sa nex, nno ue
nm ce e npecranxna n oxapnxarypen nn (no renennsnxra nanp.). C
rona ce oxcnxna uarnuecxnn1 opas na cmprra, cxnamana xaro
nemo ne nensexno.
Manxo nsnnrarenn, opn cpe npo]ecnonanncrnre, npnrexanar
neoxonmara xomnerenrnocr, sa a pasnnuar ecrecrnenara
nnxnornmnx, cnponoxama mnomecrnoro, or ncrnncxara
enpecnx. Cnnr na ona Fxnn nanpnmep ce oecna camo 6 mecena
cne saxnmuennero na ncnxnarp, ue mnaexr crpaan or
onxnonenn cmymennx, xapaxrepnn sa mnomecxara nspacr.
Omecrnoro npenounra a cnexynnpa c npnunnnre n cpecr-
nara sa npeoonxnane na noonn xpnsn, orxonxoro a nnara
cpecrna n nscnenannx nnn nporpamn c nen npenennnx.
Oxono camoyncrnoro cmecrnynar nsnecren po mnrone xaro
rosn, ue nnmo ne nocxasna sa namepennero sa raxn ]aranen axr.
Tona e aconmrno nenxpno. Camoynenr ana cnrnann sa oruaxnne
n ce naxna, ue nxxo me rn ycern.
Orryx n nexra a ce nnear n yunnnmara uacone no ncnxnuno
pannonecne, sa a ce nomorne na mnanre a pasnpar resn snann
na oruaxnne; a nmar no-opa npsxa c nnmnnx cnxr; a noemar n
pne cara cn. Fn rpxnano a nma n xypcone na rema
,camoyncrno" sa camnre pon1enn, xonro ce onxar, axo uyx
uonex nm opne nnnmanne sa rpynocrnre, xonro nsnnrna erero
nm. uecro nrn ponrennre ne nnxar ecrnnrennocrra raxana,
xaxnaro e. oxaro ncmnocr nemo n morno a ce nanpann, sa a ce
npeornparn ]arannnxr onnr.
Hpna npenanrnnna mxpxa: a ce ocnrypn na erero ronno n
xapmonnuno cemecrno. Cne rona a my ce ae nsmoxnocr a
yuacrna n xonexrnnnnx xnnor, sa a ce nouyncrna neoxonmo. H
na-naxpax a ce sacnnn nnn a ce noompn omynanero mexy
ponrenn n ena... Ponrennre rpxna nancrnna a ce ncnymna1 n
enara cn.
3axnmuenne: ona Fxnn mncnn, ue rpxna n moxe a ce
nanpann nemo. Cmprra na nennx cnn ne n nna nanpasna, axo
nomorne na-cerne omecrnoro a ocsnae cepnosnocrra na
nponema.
Fnnnorpa]nx npxy mnomecxnre camoyncrna
n cnera
Meaynaponn cpannennn
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suicides aujourd'hui: fttude upidflmiologique. Inserm/ DOIN, 1986.
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Paris: Masson, 1981.
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L'Europe, Evolution des comportements suicidaires. Copenhague
1981. , '
8. Organisation mondiale de la Sant, Suicide et tentatives de suicide.
Cahiers de Sant Publique,
1
58, 1974.
Anrnnn
9. BAGLEY, C, The evaluation of a suicide scheme by an
ecological method. Social science and medicine, vol. 2, N 1, 1968.
10. JENNINGS, C. et al., Have the Samaritains lowered the suicide
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Hall, 1955.
Rnonnn
13. CHEMATSU, M., A statistic approach to the host factor of
suicide in adolescence. Acta Medica and Biologica, vol. 8, N 4, mars
1961.
14. IGA, Mamoru., Japanese adolescent suicide and social
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16. PINGUET, Maurice. La mort volontaire au Japon. Paris:
Gallimard, 1984.
CAm
Tpyone
1. ALVAREZ, A., The savage God: a study of suicide. New York
Random House, 1972.
2. ASINOF, Eliot, Craig and Joan. New York: Viking Press, 1971.
3. DAVIDSON, Franoise, Le suicide de l'adolescent: tude
pidmiologique et statistique. Paris: ESF, 1981.
4. DUBLIN, Louis, Suicide: a sociological and statistical study.
New York: Ronald Press, 1963.
5. DURKHEIM, Emile, Suicide. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press,
1951.
6. GARDNER, Sandra, Teenage suicide. New York: Messner,
1985.
7. GIOVACCHINI, Peter, The urge to die: why young people
commit suicide. New York: Macmillan, 1981.
8. GRIFFIN, Mary and FELSENTHAL, Carol, A cry for kelp. New
York: Doubleday, 1983.
9. H AIM Andr, Adolescent suicide. (Traduit du franais par
Sheridan Smith) International University Press, 1974.
10. HENDIN, Herbert, Suicide in America. New York: W. W.
Norton, 1982.
11. JACOBS, Jerry, Adolescent suicide. New York: John Wiley,
1971.
12. JOAN, Polly, Preventing teenage suicide: the living alternative
handbook. New York: Human Science Press, 1986.
13. KLAGSBURN, Francine, Too young to die: youth and suicide.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.
14. LEDAME, Franois, Les tentatives de suicide des adolescents.
Paris: Masson, 1981.
15. MACK, John E., Vivienne: the life and suicide of an addescent
girl. Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1981.
16. On suicide: with particular reference to suicide by young
students. With contributions by Alfred Adler, Sigmund Freud et al. Ed,
by Paul Friedman International University Press, 1967.
17. SHNEIDMAN, Edwin S., Death and the college student. New
York Behavioral Publications, 1972.
Hepnonxa
1987
18. At the point of no return: suicidal thinking follows a
predictable path, recognizing the signs may be the best form of
prevention we have! Edwin shneidman. Psychology Today, III.1987.
19. Conduites suicidaires. La revue du praticien, 1.III. 1987.
20. Etats-Unis: le choc des pactes de la mort"/ Baudoin Bollaert.
Le Figaro, 19.B.1987.
21. Teen suicides: Two deaths pacts shake the country/ Amy
Wilentz. Time, 23.111.1987.
1986
22. Born on borrowed time/ M. R. Brodnick Science 86, IV. 1986.
23. But for the grace of God. U. S. News, 24.11.1986.
24. Could suicide be contagious? /John Leo Time, 24.11.1986
25. Churches respond to teen suicides/ K. Hawsley. The Christian
century, 30.IV. 1986.
26. Teen suicide attempts: rate increase"?/ D. Bower Sciences
News, 31.V. 1986.
27. Teenage Suicide: early warning clues. U.S News, 31.III. 1986.
28. T.V. coverage linked to teen suicide/ B. Bower. Science News,
20 septembre 1986.
1985
29. Birth trauma linked to adolescent suicide/ J. Greenberg.
Science News, 23.03.1985.
30. Critics link a fantasy game to 29 deaths/ W.G.Shuster
Christianity Today, 17.05.1985.
31. Our kingdom of death and teen suicide/ R. Lawrence. The
Christian Century, 30.01.1985.
32. Preyenting the spread of suicide among adolescents/ W. Steel
U.S.A. Today, 11.1985.
33. U.S. teen suicide rate: male up, female down. Jet, 15.07.1985.
34. What the experts don't tell you about teenage suicide/ R. F.
Formica, M. B. Brinley McCall's, 10.1985.
1984
35. As cluster suicides take toll of teenagers/ M. Doan. U. S. News,
12.11.1984.
36. One less mouth to feed (cnyuaxr Johnie Halley). Newsweek,
10.09.1984.
37. Suicide in America/ G. H. Colt. Reader's Digest, 01.1984.
38. to be or not to be: preventive/ legislation/ J. Folkenberg.
Psychology Today, 04.1984.
HPHHOXEHHE 4
FHFHHOIPAuH BTPXV HAPKOTHHHTE H
RHOBHTE
CAB
Tpyone
4
1. BACON, Margaret; JONES, Mary B., Teenage drinking. New
York: Crowell, 1980.
2. BARON, Jason D., Kids and drugs: a parent's handbook of drug.
prevention and treatment. New York: Perigee Books, 1983.
3. BESCHNER, G. M.; FRIEDMAN, A. S., Youth and drug abuse.
Lexington, Mas.: Lexington Books, 1979.
4. BLUM, R. H.; BLUM, E.; GARFIELD, E., Drug education:
results and recommendations. Lexington, Mas.: D. C. Heath, 1976.
5. BRECHER, Edward, Licit and illicit drugs: The Consumer
Union Report on narcotics, stimulants, depressants, inhalants,
hallucinogens and marijuana. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1972.
6. CAREY, James T., The college drug scene. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968.
7. COHEN, Sydney, The substance abuse problems. New York:
Haworth Press, 1981.
8. Drug use in America: problem in perspective. Second report of
the National Commission on marijuana and drug abuse. Washington,
D. C: Superintendent of documents, U. S. Government Printing Office,
1973.
9. Go ask Alice (Anonnmen anrop). New York: Avon, 1971.
10. HOWARD, M., Did I have a good time? teenage drinking.
New York: Continuum, 1980.
11. JACKSON, Michael, Doing drugs. St Martins/Marek, 1983.
12. JOHNSTON, Lyod, Drugs and American youth: a report from
the youth in transition project. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of
Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 1974.
13. LETTIERI, D. J. d., Predicting adolescent drug abuse: a
review of issues, methods and correlates. Washington, D. C: U. S.
Government Printing Office, 12.1975.
%
14. LOURIA, Donald B., Overcoming druge. New York: McGraw-
Hill 1971.
15. MACLEAD, A., Growing up in America: a background of
contemporary drug abuse. Rockville, Md.: NIMH, 1973.
16. NORTH, R.; ORANGE, R., Teenage drinking. New York:
Macmillan, 1980.
17. O'BRIEN, Robert F., The encyclopedia of drug abuse. New
York, Facts on File, 1984.
18. SMART, Reginald G., The new drinkers: teenage use and
abuse of alcohol. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1975.
19. TESSLER, Diane J., Drugs, kids and schools: practical
strategies for education and other concerned adults. Glenview III.:
Scott Foresman, 1980.
20. WIENER, R. S., Drags and school children. London:
Longman, 1972.
21. WILSON, C. W., Adolescent drug dependence. New York:
Pergamon, 1968.
Hepnonxa
19*7
22. Study finds rise in cocaine smoking: high school students and
drug use/ W. Snider. Education Week, 4.03.1987.
1986
23. Drug abus prevention/ M. Lawrence. Vital Speeches Day,
15.09.1986.
' 24. Drug education gets and Fl A. Levine. LJ. S. News,
13.10.1986.
25. Kids and cocaine (special section). Newsweek, 17.03.1986.
26. Kids and drugs: why, when and what can we do about it./ C.
Jones, C. S. Bell-Belek. Child Today, V-VI 1986.
27. The test that failed. Nation, 4.01.1986.
28. The ups and downs of teen drug use (survey of high school
seniors)/ J. Fischman. Psychology Today, 02.1986.
29. Yanks Winfield heads plan to help youth fight drugs. Jet
24.03.1986.
1985
30. Pro and con: testing for drugs in the schools/ A. Marbraise, J.
Fogel. New York Times, 10.11.1985.
31. The kids are all straight. J. Fishman. Psychology Today,
04.1985.
32. Teen drug use, except cocaine, falls/ B. Bower Science News,
19.01.1985.
1984
33. Bloody streets: only hope is to escape/ A. Adams. U. S. News,
19.11.1984.
34. Teen drug use drops, but problem remains/ B. Bower. Science
News, 18.02.1984.
Hscnenannn
35. Alcoholism in adolescence/ V. Fox. The Journal of School
-Health, N43, 1973.
36. Drug use in adolescents: psychodynamic meaning and
pharmacogenic effect.
The Psychoanalytic Stu'dy of the Child, vol. XXIV, 1969.
37. On Becoming a drinker: a social-psychological aspect of
adolescent transition/ R. Jessor, M. Collins, S. Jessor. Nature and
nurture in alcoholism, Annual of the N. Y. Academy of Science, 1972.
38. Undestanding adolescence: alternatives to drug use. Clinical
Pediatrics, N 8, 1969.
B cne1a
1. Aspect international de la lutte contre les toxicomanies aux
drogues. Les informations pharmaceutiques, N 218, janvier 1979.
2. La drogue dans le monde: situation en Europe (19831984).
Revue internationale de police criminelle, fvrier 1986.
3. FREJA VILLE, J. P.; DAVIDSON, F.; CHOQUET, Les jeunes et
la drogue. M. Paris: PUF, 1977.
4. La jeunesse et la drogue. Organisation Mondiale de la Sant.
Genve: OMS, 1973.
5. DAVIDSON, F.; CHOQUET, M. Les lycens et les drogues
licites et illicites. Paris: INSERM, 1980.
6. La politique des Etats membres de la communaut en matire de
lutte contre la drogue. Parlement europen, srie environnement, sant
publique et protection des consommateurs, N 9, 1986.
7. La question de la drogue et de la jeunesse. Nations-Unies.
Bulletin des stupfiants, vol. 37, N 2 et 4, avril septembre 1985.
8. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales. Organisation
Mondiale de la sant, vol. 36, 3-4, 1983.
9. La sant des adolescents.rappon de la journe d'tui n 7
octobre 1983. Archives Belges, N 11-12, 1984
U 7
v ix^ ^""
5
"""*
et la lutte contre l
'
abus
des drogues New-
York: Nations unies, 1977.
k wew
HPHHOXEHHE 5
HEVCHEXTT B VuHHHBE
CAB: Vunnnmnnxr neycnex nnn
xax a ce npnar enara n yunnnme
Cne 1985 r. ce saenxsna pxsxo nonnmenne na nsncxnannxra n
yunnnme. B cmoro npeme ce nanmana n ynennuanane pox na
neycnennre yuennnn n CAB 1 na 4-ma nanycxa yunnnme n ropnnx
xypc, es a ce nnnomnpa. B nxxon or rpacxnre yuenn saneennx
poxr na yuennnnre, xonro nsocranxr yunnnmero n xoa na
opasonannero, e no-ronxm n cpannenne c resn, xonro nsnmar
ycnemno spenocrnnre nsnnrn. Or yuennnnre c ncnancxn nponsxo 40
% nanycxar yunnnme, npen a sanpmar 9-n xnac. B nauanoro na
70-re ronnn nponenrr na yuennnnre, sanpmnnn ycnemno sa 4
ronnn ropnnx xypc, naa or 77 na 72 %. Henara, xoxro nnama
omecrnoro sa rona, e nncoxa. Hpes 1982 r. camo n unxaro 12 804
yuennnn, orxasann ce n nponeca na opasonannero, crpynar na
anxonnarena 60 mnn. on. ronmno sa cnenamnre 40 ronnn.
Cmecrnyna mnoro no-ronxma nepoxrnocr ornanannre or yunnnme
a ce namepxr cpe espaornnre.
Tesn, xonro nanycxar no-pano yunnnme,' ca nsocranann none c 2
ronnn or cyuennnnre cn sapan rona, ue ca nonrapxnn neue
nxxonxo nrn.
B Hm Hopx ca ycnenn a namanxr pcra na orxasannre ce a
nocemanar yunnnme or 42 na 35 % c nporpama, npennxama
cnernnnn no opasonannero n n namnpanero na nnarena paora,
xoxro a nm nomorne a rnear cepnosno na cee cn. Honoxnrennn
pesynrarn ca nocrnrnarn n unxaro, xero npexropr na enn
xonex nsnparnn 500 nncma o nanycnann yuennnn c mona a
nponxar opasonannero cn, xaro ce sanpnar n xonexa; 200 or rxx
orronopnnn nonoxnrenno.
Hpeoonxnanero na yunnnmnnx neycnex npenonara npomxna na
opasonarennara cncrema: no-manoponn xnacone n npomxna na
ornomennero yunren yuennx.
Hancxxe n crpanara ce pasrpma enocr, nanp. nonomarane
na pemennn enoxn, unro po n yunnnmara e ronxm. Barnre
ocsnanar nce noneue orronopnocrra cn n rona ornomenne. Bcnuxn
pasnpar, ue resn, xonro nanycxar cpenoro yunnnme, es nsomo
a ce nnnomnpar, nxmar nnxaxn manc a cn namepxr paora.
Fnnnorpa]nx
Meaynapona nscnenannn
1. A l'tranger aussi, l'cole, Cahiers Pdagogique, ' 222,1984.
2. DEBLE, Isabelle, La scolarit des filles: tude internationale
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l'enseignement du premier et du second degr. Paris: Unesco, 1981.
3. Etude statistique sur les dperditions scolairees: tude prpare pour le
bureau international d'ducation par l'Office des statistiques de l'UNESCO,
Paris: Unesco, 1972.
4. La formation aprs la scolarit obligatoire. Paris: OCDE, 1985.
5. L'ches l'cole et le milieu social des lves. Le Courrier de
l'UNESCO, juin 1972.
6. PAULI, L.; BRIMER, M.-A., La dperdition scolaire: un problme
mondial. Paris. Unesco, 1971.
Hpnunnn1e
7. AVANZINI, Guy, L'chec scolaire, Paris: Le Centurion, 1977.
8. BAUDELET, G; ESTABLET, R., L'cole capitaliste en France. Paris:
Maspero, 1971.
9. BOURDIEU, P.; PASSERON, J. G, Les hritiers. Paris: Editions de
Minuit, 1964.
10. CHERKAOUI, Mohammed, Les paradoxes de la russite scolaire:
sociologie compare des systmes d'enseignement. Paris: PUF, 1979.
11. DESCHAMPS J.-G; LORENZ-CIOLDI, F.; MEYER, G., L'chec
scolaire: lve modle ou modle d'lves? Approche psychosociologique de
la division sociale l'cole. Lausanne: P. M. Favre. 1982.
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mars 1984.
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sociologiques; actes du colloque franco-suisse 912 janvier 1984. Paris:
CNRS, 1985.
14. Groupe Franais d'Education Nouvelle. L'chec scolaire: dou ou non
dou? Paris: Editions sociales, 1976.
15. HUSEN, T., Influence du milieu social sur la russite scolaire. Paris:
OCDE, 1975.
16. MANNONI, Pierre, Adolescents, parents et troubles scolaires. Paris:
ESF, 1984.
17. PINELL, P.; ZAFIROPOULOS, M., Un sicle d'checs scolaires
(18821982). Paris: les Editions ouvrires, 1983.
18. STEINLET, F. Mary, Pourquoi y a-t-il des retards scolaires?
Bruxelles: Nouvelle Revue Pdagogique, ' 3, novembre 1964.
Bopa cpemy neycnexa n yunnnme
19. DOT. Odile, Vaincre les difficults et prvenir les checs scolaires.
Bruxelles: Marabout, 1983.
20. GUYOT, J.-C, L'chec scolaire a se soigne. Toulouse: Privt, 1985.
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1985.
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24. NATANSON, Madeleine, Gurir de l'cole: des enfants en tat
d'chec. Paris: Ed. du Cerf, 1973.
Rnonnn
25. CUMMINGS, William K., Education and equality in Japan.
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enseignants au Japon. Paris: Autrement, 1985.
28. SEEGMULLER, J., L'cole au Japon: le forcing. L'cole des parents,
1
1, 1985.
HPHHOXEHHE 6
FHFHHOIPAuH HA OFBHTE TPVOBE CAB
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5. COLEMAN, J. C, The nature of adolescence. New York:
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6. ERIKSON, Erik, H. Childhood and society. New York: Norton,
1964.
7. GESELL, Arnold;ILG, Frances L.; AMES, Louis B., Youth: the
years from ten to sixteen. New York: Harper, 1956.
8. GOODMAN, Paul. Growing up absurd: problems of youth in
the organized society. New York: Vintage Books, 1960.
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adolescent. Homewood, B.: Dorsey, 1964.
10. GRINDER Robert E. Adolescence. New York: Wiley, 1973.
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New York: Prentice Hall, 1976.
17. KUHLEN, Raymond G., Psychology of adolescent
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