NEXUS VISTA SPM SCIENCE FORM 4 & 5 Page 084 (Graphics)

Supplementary Materials for

Chapter 4: Matter and Substance

Substances may be classified according to the particles they are made of. This classification is shown in the diagram below. Substances

Atomic elements Consists of atoms Atoms are the smallest particles in elements Examples: Copper, aluminium, carbon

Molecular substances Consist of molecules Molecules are particles made up of two or more atoms

Ionic compounds Consist of ions Ions are charged particles Examples: Sodium chloride, lead bromide, copper sulphate
chloride ion (-) sodium ion (+)

Atoms of copper

Sodium chloride

Molecular elements Molecule consists of only one kind of atom Examples: Nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur

Molecular compounds Molecule consists of two or more types of atoms Examples: Naphthalene, ammonia, carbon dioxide

Nitrogen molecules Sulphur molecule (2 atoms of nitrogen) (8 atoms of sulphur)

Ammonia molecule (1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen)

Naphthalene molecule (10 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms)

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NEXUS VISTA SPM SCIENCE FORM 4 & 5 Page 084 (Graphics)

Supplementary Materials for

Summary for the classification of substances Substances

Made of atoms

Made of molecules

Made of ions

Metals Zinc Copper Potassium Magnesium

Noble gases Neon Helium Krypton Argon

Elements Chlorine Oxygen Bromine Sulphur

Compounds Water Ammonia Naphthalene Sulphur dioxide

Compounds Sulphate Potassium chloride Lead bromide

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