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CAPITOLUL I

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1. Introducere n dreptul muncii 2. 3.


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4. Izvoarele dreptului muncii 5. Principiile fundamentale ale dreptului muncii 6.


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munca sub un aspect sau altul


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-le pe cele de drept


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intern, care le-ar contraveni. Munca se poate presta


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ncendiilor n zonele forestiere, sau


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-un contract
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civil);
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aport la capitalul social.


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profesiunile liberale sau independente. n

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contabil autorizat; notar public; avocat; medic; farmacist;


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consultant de plasament n valori mobiliare; medic veterinar; practician n


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actului medical (cum ar fi, spre exemplu, tehnician dentar, logoped, optician etc.);
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n viitor vor avea legi de sine st


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raporturi juridice:
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acestea fac parte;


ntre uniunile (corpuriOH UHVSHFWLYH L WHU L


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de drept al muncii. 3. 0XQFD SUHVWDW


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includ n obiectul dreptului muncii, deoarece, n primul caz, raporturile sunt reglementate de dreptul cooperatist, iar n cel de-al doilea caz sunt aplicabile norme
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- cum este cazul

militarului profesionist -

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are statutul juridic reglementat fie n cadrul Statutului

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narilor publici se
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1.

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un raport de serviciu. 2.
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serviciu ale

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DQDOL]

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e normele speciale cuprinse n statutul


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norme de drept public. c)


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ul muncii $FHVWH UDSRUWXUL VH FDUDFWHUL]HD]


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intuitu personae (la


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cocontractante); UDSRUWXO MXULGLF GH PXQF DUH FDUDFWHU RQHURV FHO FDUH SUHVWHD] PXQFD XUPkQG V

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- raporturilH
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GH

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GH

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- raporturile privind proteF LD PXQFLL UDSRUWXULOH SULYLQG MXULVGLF LD PXQFLL ) U D IDFH SDUWH SURSULX

-zis din obiectul dreptului muncii, pe parcursul


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raporturile juridice din cadrul dreptului penal al muncii


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Restul prevederilor sale au fost abrogatH


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angajatorilor (exprimat, ndeosebi, prin normele imperative privind salariul minim brut pH
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activitatea, de a da oUGLQH L GLVSR]L LL REOLJDWRULL HWF 


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4. Izvoarele dreptului muncii


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izvoare specifice unei anumite ramuri de drept.


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A. drept:

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legile aprobate de Parlament,


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a) Dintre izvoarele comune ale dreptului muncii,

nu

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vQV

n cadrul dreptului

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b) Uzul (obiceiul, cutuma, consuetudinea)


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-un anumit domeniu sau ntr-o unitate o


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contravine dreptului pozitiv, devenind izvor de drept prin repetabilitatea ei.


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res ca posibil acest lucru.


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n dreptul muncii
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SkQ

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uzul nu avea caracter de izvor de


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Legea....................................., s-D

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respectiv.
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B. Izvoare specifice interne ale dreptului muncii: a) Statutele de personal sau disciplinare. &RGXO PXQFLL L
OHJLOH

-cadru sau

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speFLDOH

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ele de
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a recompenselor, dar mai ales problemele de ordin disciplinar. n regulamentul de


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uni disciplinare n raport cu cele


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vQ XQLWDWH SHQWUX D IL OXDW OD FXQRWLQ

G &RQWUDFWXO FROHFWLY GH PXQF

conform Legii nr.130/1996 se ncheie

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se aplic

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QU

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sunt constituite ntr-o formulare


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GLQ QRUPHOH GH GUHSW LQWHUQD LRQDO DO PXQFLL 'UHSWXO LQWHUQD LRQDO DO PXQFLL VFRS DUPRQL]DUHD OHJLVOD LLORU QD LRQDOH

XQLIRUP  FD XUPDUH D UDWLILF ULL D QRUPHORU VDOH Q GUHSWXO LQWHUQD LRQDO DO PXQFLL VH

includ: FRQYHQ LLOH L UHFRPDQG ULOH 2UJDQL]D LHL ,QWHUQD LRQDOH D 0XQFLL 2UJDQL]D LD ,QWHUQD LRQDO DUH R D 0XQFLL D IRVW FUHDW WULSDUWLW  OD vQ  VDOH

Romnia fiind membru fondator;


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VWUXFWXU

OXFU ULOH

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QRUPHOH vQ PDWHULD UDSRUWXULORU MXULGLFH GH PXQF SDUWH GLQ GUHSWXO VRFLDO HXURSHDQ vQ FDGUXO

DOH 8QLXQLL (XURSHQH F VXQW FXSULQVH L

are fac
GH

F UXLD

QRUPH

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- normele cuprinse n Romnia este parte.


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HVWH

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QRUPH

GH L

GUHSW

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DO

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8QLXQLL

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ULL QRDVWUH vQ 8QLXQHD (XURSHDQ  6SHFLILFXO FRQVW

vQ GRPHQLXO UDSRUWXULORU GH PXQF VH LQ

- spre deosebire de alte ramuri de drept -

L WUHEXLH V

VHDPD REOLJDWRULX GH QRUPHOH GH GUHSW LQWHUQD LRQDO DO

muncii. 5. Principiile fundamentale ale dreptului muncii


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uncii se ntlnesc

- generale, comune cu ale altor ramuri de drept; - fundamentale, proprii dreptului muncii.
Q UDSRUW FX SUHYHGHULOH FRQVWLWX LRQDOH L FX FHOH FXSULQVH vQ OHJLVOD LD

muncii, principiile fundamentale ale dreptului muncii sunt:

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HVWH

R DQXPLW

VWDELOLWDWH vQ PXQF  (VWH HVHQ LDO vQV SLD QX VH DVLJXU PXQF XQ ORF GH PXQF QX vQVHDPQ L

economiei de
GH F WUH VWDW

SHQWUX ILHFDUH FHW JDUDQWDUHD ORFXOXL GH

HDQ 'HFL JDUDQWDUHD PXQF

GUHSWXOXL OD

GUHSWXO OD PXQF

HVWH JDUDQWDW SDU LDO  'UHSWXO IXQGDPHQWDO OD PXQF  LQHUHQW

ILLQ HL XPDQH QDWXUDO L LPSUHVFULSWLELO FRQVWLWXLH vQ IRQG GUHSWXO ILLQ HL XPDQH GH

a munci procurndu-L
YL]LXQHD FRPSRUW WUDL vQJXVW D

UHVXUVHOH

QHFHVDUH

YLH LL

SULQ

PXQFD

VD

(O

GHS HWH GHRDUHFH

VLPSOHORU

SUHWHQ LL

E QHWL

DVXSUD

VDODULXOXL

LPSOLFD LL VRFLDO

-umane majore. Sunt vizate valori precum: nivelul de


LL SURWHF LD IDPLOLHL SURWHF LD YLH LL LQWHJULW LL

GH]YROWDUHD

SHUVRQDOLW LL

FRUSRUDOH L D V Q W

JDUDQWDUHD

QHJRFLHULL

FROHFWLYH

LQGLYLGXDOH

FRQGL LLORU

GH

PXQF 

SRWULYLW

acestui prinFLSLX
VDODULD LORU L

PRGDOLWDWHD SULQFLSDO VH IDFH

GH VWDELOLUH D GUHSWXULORU L REOLJD LLORU GH FRPXQ DFRUG SULQ QHJRFLHUH SULQ

DQJDMDWRULORU

&RQVWLWX LH UHFXQRVFkQGX VH FRQWUDFWXOXL FROHFWLY GH PXQF

FDOLWDWHD GH L]YRU GH L

GUHSW GDU L GH QRUP LQGLYLGXDO RSHUHD]

MXULGLF

QHJRFLDW  GH UH LQXW F

QHJRFLHUHD FROHFWLY

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din sectorul public;

SURWHF LD PXOWLODWHUDO

D VDODULD LORU SRWULYLW DFHVWXL SULQFLSLX SULQ OHJH VH LQVWLWXLH FDUH XUP UHVF V DVLJXUH XQ FDGUX OHJDO IDYRUDELO

un ansamblX

GH

P VXUL

VDODULD LORU GH GHVI XUDUH D UDSRUWXULORU GH PXQF 

caracterul general obligatoriu al disciplinei muncii; potrivit acestui principiu


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disciplina la locul de
DFHVWXL L R SULQFLSLX

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VWLPXODUHD QHFHVLWDWHD

SUHJ WLULL

SHUIHF LRQ ULL SURIHVLRQDOH

SURIHVLRQDOH FRQVWLWXLH

SRWULYLW GUHSW

SHUIHF LRQ ULL

XQ

vQGDWRUL

re a

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FRQWUDFWXOXL LQGLYLGXDO GH PXQF

DO VDODULDWXOXL vQ FDX]  vQ VLQGLFDWH DS UDUHD SRWULYLW DFHVWXL L SULQFLSLX

asigurarea dreptului la asociere liber


VDODULD LL VH SRW DVRFLD vQ VLQGLFDWH

SHQWUX

GUHSWXULORU

LQWHUHVHORU

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e de asociere;
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GLVSR]L LLOH

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VDODULD LORU

H[HUFLWDUHD

GUHSWXOXL

la

JUHY

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GH UH]ROYDUH D XQXL FRQIOLFW GH PXQF OLEHU  QLPHQL QHSXWkQG IL FRQVWUkQV V

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HODERUDUHD D QRL QRUPH MXULGLFH vQ PDWHULH GH PXQF

WUHEXLH V

VHDPD GH

aceste principii.
 &RUHOD LD GUHSWXOXL P

uncii cu alte ramuri de drept

Dreptul muncii este format din ansamblul normelor juridice prin care sunt
UHJOHPHQWDWH UHOD LLOH FDUH VH VWDELOHVF vQ SURFHVXO vQFKHLHULL H[HFXW ULL PRGLILF ULL L vQFHW ULL UDSRUWXULORU GH MXULGLFH 'H GH PXQF  vQWUH vQWHPHLDWH DQJDMDWRU L vQ SU

incipal, pe contractul
VDX UHSUH]HQWDQ LL

LQGLYLGXDO

PXQF 

UHJXO 

VLQGLFDW

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Q FRQFOX]LH FRQFLV GUHSWXO PXQFLL HVWH GUHSWXO FRQWUDFWXOXL FROHFWLY L LQGLYLGXDO GH PXQF  &D UDPXU D WLLQ HL GUHSWXOXL GUHSWXO PXQFLL VH RFXS GH DQDOL]D

UDSRUWXULORU MXULGLFH GH PXQF D &RUHOD LD GUHS

GLQWUH DQJDMDWRUL L VDODULD LL ORU &D L vQ FD]XO DOWRU UDPXUL

tului muncii cu dreptul civil.


R DQXPLW

GH GUHSW DSDU LQkQG GUHSWXOXL SULYDW L SHQWUX GUHSWXO PXQFLL GUHSWXO FLYLO UHSUH]LQW GUHSWXO FRPXQ $VWIHO RUL GH FkWH RUL SUREOHP QX HVWH UHJOHPHQWDW

expres prin norme proprii, aSDU LQkQG


PXQFLL HVWH ODFXQDU  XUPHD]

GUHSWXOXL PXQFLL VDX UHJOHPHQWDUHD GH GUHSW DO

D VH DSOLFD QRUPHOH GH GUHSW FRPXQ L DQXPH FHOH GH

drept civil.
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muncii, prin prevederile aUW


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&RGXO

SRWULYLW

GUHSWXULOH UL VDX

QX SRW IDFH RELHFWXO YUHXQHL WUDQ]DF LL UHQXQ

OLPLW UL HOH ILLQG DS UDWH GH VWDW vPSRWULYD RULF URU vQF OF UL D PDQLIHVW ULORU GH

subiectivism, abuz sau arbitrariX $DGDU FKLDU GDF


FODX]  DFHDVWD DU IL ORYLW GH QXOLWDWH DEVROXW 

VDODULDWXO DU DFFHSWD R DVWIHO GH

n cazul n care angajatorul nu-L H[HFXW


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R REOLJD LH L]YRUkW

GLQ FRQWUDFWXO GH F WUH V

QHH[HFXW ULL GH D

FRQWUDFWXOXL PXQFL (O

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PXQFHDVF

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-l obliga

SH DQJDMDWRU V

-L UHVSHFWH REOLJD LLOH FRQWUDFWXDOH


LL VRFLDOH

E &RUHOD LD GUHSWXOXL PXQFLL FX GUHSWXO VHFXULW GUHSWXO VHFXULW PXQFLL I U VHFXULW LL VRFLDOH

Referitor la

UDPXU

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D FRQVWLWXL R VLQJXU

LL VRFLDOH

- aFHVWD

FXSULQGH QRUPHOH MXULGLFH FDUH UHJOHPHQWHD] VRFLDO

GH DVLJXUDUH VRFLDO PLQLP JDUDQWDW D  F LPSRUWDQW

L GH DVLVWHQ

SHQVLLOH LQGHPQL]D LLOH GH RPDM YHQLWXO

&RUHOD LD

GUHSWXOXL

DGPLQLVWUDWLY

FX

GUHSWXO

PXQFLL

Cea mai

FRUHOD LH HVWH LPSXV

GH QHFHVLWDWHD WLLQ LILF

GH D VH DQDOL]D VWDWXWXO

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Din punct de vedere


L vQ FRQVHFLQ 

al dreptului comercial, orice comerciant poate IRORVL PXQF


V DLE

VDODULDW

L FDOLWDWHD GH DQJDMDWRU &D UHJXO  RULFH FRPHUFLDQW SRDWH IL L VDODULDW SULQ

FXPXO vQWUH FDOLWDWHD GH FRPHUFLDQW L FHD GH VDODULDW OD XQ DOW DQJDMDWRU  vQV  vQ DFHHDL P VXU  QX RULFH VDODULDW SRDWH GREkQGL L FDOLWDWHD GH FRPHUFLDQW VSUH

H[HPSOX PDJLVWUD LL  6DODULDWXO FRPHUFLDO SRDWH IL FRQFRPLWHQW L DVRFLDW VDX DF LRQDU vQ VRFLHWDWHD

vQ FDUH SUHVWHD]

PXQFD vQ DFHVW FD] YRU FRH[LVWD GRX

UDSRUWXUL MXULGLFH

XQXO GH GUHSW DO PXQFLL L DOWX

l de drept comercial. Dreptul afacerilor este


UDSRUWXULOH

H &RUHOD LD GUHSWXOXL DIDFHULORU FX GUHSWXO PXQFLL

DOF WXLW GLQ WRWDOLWDWHD QRUPHORU MXULGLFH GH GUHSW LQWHUQ FDUH UHJOHPHQWHD]

FH VH VWDELOHVF vQ VIHUD FRPHU XOXL LQWHUQ vQ VHQVXO V X ODUJ  (O FXSULQGH DO WXUL GH QRUPH GH GUHSW FLYLO FRPHUFLDO ILVFDO EDQFDU VDX SHQDO L QRUPH GH GUHSW DO PXQFLL

Din dreptul muncii, se nscriu n obiectul dreptului afacerilor: contractul


FROHFWLY GH PXQF  FRQWUDFWXO LQGLYLGXDO GH PXQF ILQDO  JUHYD L FRQIOLFWXO GH LQ

terese, cu faza sa

HVWH LQVHSDUDELO HVWH LPSRVLELO V

GH SHUVRDQD XPDQ  ILH S VWUDW  vQPDJD]LQDW GH F WUH R VH vQFHDUF ILH VSRULW vQ XWLOL]DUHD HL OD XQ PRPHQW FDQWLWDWLY GH I U D VH DIHFWD VSUH

SHUVRDQ  LDU GDF HVWH vQV LPSRVLELO V VSRULW

XOWHULRU IRU D GH PXQF

YD IL DOWD QX DFHHDL D SHUVRDQHL vQ FDX]  SXWkQG IL FDOLWDWH FDSLWDO XPDQ

1. Munca nu
UHSUH]LQW PDUI R

vQV L VXEVWDQ D ELRORJLF FDOLWDWLY

H[HPSOX SULQ SHUIHF LRQDUH SURIHVLRQDO  HVWH JUHX GHSODVDELO  FKLDU vQ FRQGL LLOH JOREDOL] ULL GLQ FDX]D OHJ WXULL SHUVRDQHL FX IDPLOLD VD FX Q VFXW L DO F UXL FHW QX HVWH GHWHUPLQDW HDQ HVWH vQ SULQFLSDO GH OHJHD FHUHULL L D DUD vQ FDUH V

-a

ofertei, ci de legile demografice, ca total al persoanelor


DSWH GH PXQF  vQ FDGUXO XQRU UDSRUWXUL MXULGLFH GH PXQF PXQFD YROXQWDU PXQFD SUHVWDW SUHVWDW EHQHYRO  vQ H[HFXWDUHD XQRU

PXQFD LQGHSHQGHQW  REOLJD LL OHJDOH

2. Din perspectiva dreptului muncii munca se poate presta

n afara unor raporturi juridice de


PXQF 

muncD
SHQDO  PXQFD PXQFD

vQ WHPHLXO XQHL KRW UkUL FX vQ vQ WLWOX GH SHGHDSV UDSRUW UDSRUW

MXGHF WRUHWL SUHVWDW SUHVWDW

FDGUXO FDGUXO

XQXL XQXL

juridic civil;

juridic

societar

(de

societate

FRPHUFLDO

izvoare comune

&RQVWLWX LD 5RPkQLHL legile aprobate de Parlament, KRW UkULOH L RUGRQDQ HOH *XYHUQXOXL RUGLQHOH L LQVWUXF LXQLOH PLQLWULORU &RQVLOLXOXL MXGH HDQ KRW UkULOH Consiliului local.

VDX

statutele de personal sau disciplinare regulamentul de

interne

regulamentul de ordine contractul colectiv de


PXQF LQWHULRDU

RUJDQL]DUH L IXQF LRQDUH

3. Izvoarele dreptului muncii

izvoare specifice

FRQYHQ LLOH L UHFRPDQG ULOH 2UJDQL]D LHL ,QWHUQD LRQDOH D 0XQFLL

LQWHUQD LRQDOH

normele Uniunii Europene; QRUPHOH XQRU RUJDQL]D LL mondiale sau regionale; normele cuprinse n
WUDWDWHOH L FRQYHQ LLOH

bilaterale la care Romnia este parte.


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4. Principiile fundamentale

caracterul general obligatoriu al disciplinei muncii;


VWLPXODUHD SUHJ WLULL L SHUIHF LRQ ULL SURIHVLRQDOH DVLJXUDUHD GUHSWXOXL OD DVRFLHUH OLEHU JDUDQWDUHD GUHSWXOXL OD JUHY vQ VLQGLFDWH SHQWUX DS UDUHD LQWHUHVHORU

profesLRQDOH HFRQRPLFH L VRFLDOH

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