1

1.

2.

3. =

4. , < , >, ,
5. | |
x, x 0
x
x , x 0

1.
2.

3.

4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
1.1.
2

( Real number )
( rational number )
Q = x x =

a
b

a, b I b 0

1. 0,1,-1,2,-2,3,-3,
2. 3 , 5
4

3. 1.5 =

15
10

0.121212 =
. .

4.5 3 2

12
99

= 4.5323232 =

4532 45
990

4487
990

( irrational number )

2 1.414
3 1.732
3.1416
0.1010010001 1.101

( Natural number )
1,2,3,4, N = 1,2,3,4,

1
2

1.

7 2
9, ,5 , 2 ,0,1
2 3
7
5
5 ,7 ,3,12,
3
4

3 2.01,0.666....,-13 ,
4 2.3030030003.........,
5 , 1 , 6 , 2 ,7.5
6

3 3 2
12
1
25,17, , 9 ,3,12,
5
2

2.

1) 0.001001001001 Q
2) 0.110110110110 Q
3) 0.767667666766667 Q
4) 0.59999. Q
5) 0
6)

2.



2.1 a, b, c

2.2 a,b c

2.2.1

2.2.2

1
a, b, c
a + c = b + c a = b
a + b = a + c b = c
2
a, b, c
ac = bc c 0 a = b
ab = ac a 0 b = c
3 a
a0=0
0a=0
4 a
(-1)a = -a
a(-1) = -a
5 a, b
ab = 0 a = 0 b = 0
6 a
a(-b) = -ab
(-a)b = -ab
(-a)(-b) = ab

a, b
a- b = a + (-b)
a - b a b

a, b b 0

a
= a( b 1 )
b

a
b

a b

2
1.
1. a = b a +5 =
2. a = b -3a =
3. a +4 = b + 4 a =
4. a +1 = b +2 b +2 = c -5 a +1
5.

x 2 2 x 1 x 12 x 1 .

6.

x y 2x =

7.

x 2 1 2 x x 12 =

8.

ab a b ab = .

3
2

1
2

2. a , b c

1) 3 + 5 = 5 + 3
2) (1+2)+3 = 1+(2+3)
3) (-9)+5 = 5 +(-9)
4) ( 8 x 9)
5) 5 x 3 = 15 = 3 x 5
6) 2(a+b) = 2a +2b
7) (a + b) + c = a+( b + c)
8) 9a +2a = 11 a = 2a + 9a
9) 4 x (5 + 6) = (4 x 5) + (4 x 6)
10) c(a +b) = ac +bc
3 .

1) { 1 , 3 , 5 }
2) { 0 }
3)
4)
5) 3

4.
1) 8
2) - 5
3) - 0.567
4) 3 2
5)

1
5 3

10

3.


> , < , , ,
(Inequalities)
a < b a b
a > b a b
a, b, c
1.
a > b b > c a > c
2.
a > b a + c > b+ c
3.

a a > 0
a a < 0
4.

a > b c > 0 ac > bc

a > b c < 0 ac < bc
5.
a + c > b + c a > b
6.

ac > bc c > 0 a > b

ac > bc c < 0 a < b

ab
ab
a<b<c
abc

a b
a b
a < b b < c
a b b c

11

(Interval)

3.1 a, b a < b
1. (a, b)

(a, b) = { x | a < x < b }

2. [a, b]

[a, b] = { x | a x b }

3. (a, b]

(a, b] = { x | a < x b }

4. [a, b)

[a, b) = { x | a x < b}

5. (a, )

(a, ) = { x | x > a}

6. [a, )

[a, ) = { x | x a}

7. (-, a)

(-, a) = { x | x < a}

8. (-, a]

(-, a] = { x | x a}

12

3
( )
1. x 3 2x 6 ..
2. y7 -2y -14 ..
3. x+1 6 x+2 7 ..
4. y+3 5 y 2
5. x 7 7 y xy .
6. x0 -x0 .
7. x 0 x 0 .
8. a 0 a+1 0 +1 .
9. b 0 b + (-2) 0+(-2)
10. c -2 (-1)c (-1)(-2) .

1. (2,7)

2. [3,6]

3. [-1,5)

4. (-1,4]

13

5. (2, )

6. ( ,4)

7. (0,8)

8. [-5,4)

14

4.
a

4.1
1. |x| = |-x|
2. |xy| = |x||y|
3.

x
y

x
y

4. | x - y | = | y - x |
5. |x|2 = x2
6. | x + y | |x| +|y|
7. a
|x| < a -a < x < a
|x| a -a x a
8. a
|x| > a x < -a x > a
|x| a x -a x a

15

4
...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

16

1.
2.

a n a n
n a n a

3.
( root )

4.


1.
2.

3.


1.
2.
3.

17

1.
1.1
b0

a
b

a b

, ,

1.2 a a b
b

b 0
1.235478936....... 5.223322233322223333....

-
-
-

1.3

an

a x a x a x a.. x a
n
a n
an a n
54 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 625

-


-

2 , 3, 5 , , e

18

1.
3
1. 6 ..................................... .................................
2. 1.2 5 ................................. .................................
3. 5 0 ................................. ...................................
1 3

4. ..................................... .................................
2
2.
1) 4 5 = .
1 4

2) = .
5
3) 1.2 3 = .
4) 3 6 = .
3.

4 .......... ........
5 3 4 .......... ........

1. a 2
2.

2 4
3. .......... .........
3

4. 1.1 5 .......... .......... ..

3

5 .......... .......... .

5. x 2

19

2.
n
a (

n 1 a b
b n a

bn a
23 8
3 5 243

bn a
23 8

35 243

9
3

81

32

= 3 3 3 2 9
= ..
=
= .

n n 1
n
1. n a = a n a
2.)

an

= a
| a |

3)

ab

4).

a
b

a n b

a 0
a < 0 n
a < 0 n

20

2
1. n
1) 25 = .
2) 64 = .
3) 5 243 = .
4) 3 125 = .
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)

8
27

= .

= .
3
125 = .
64 = .
3
8 = .
4
16 = .

16

2. n
1. 52 =
2. 3 23 = ..
3. 3 (2)3 = .
4. 5 (2)5 =..
5. (3)2 =
5. 4 (2)4 =..
6. 200 =
7. 75 = .
8. 3 240 =
9. 45 = .
10 5 15 = . 11 3 81 3 32 = .
12

4
9

4
9

= .

13

5
8

= ..

21

3.

3.1


1) 3x 5x 3 5x 8x
2) 8a 3a 8 3a 5a


3 2 3 2 5 2 5 2
3 2 5 2 3 2 5 2
3 5 2 ()
8 2

1
12 27

12 27 3
3

43 93 3

= 2 3 3 3 3
=

2 3 1

= 4 3

20 45 125

20 45 125

=
=

4 5 9 5 25 5
2 5 3 5 5 5

= 2 3 5
=0
=
3

3 20 2 18 45 8

3 20 2 18 45 8

= 32

5 23 2 3 5 2 2

6 5 6 2 3 5 2 2

3 5 8 2

22

3.2

3 n

23

4 n

3 n

= 2

= 2

24

3

1. 8x 2
2. 4 256
3.

8y 6

4. 5 32
5. 3

8 2 32

6. 3

5 10 2 5

7. 3 2a 2 3 4a
8. 3 54 3 4

25

3.2
a 1 a n

1
1

32 3
1

82 8

93 3 9
1

73 3 7

26

4

1. 8x 2

2.

3
3

27

3. ( 2 8 18 32)2

32
26

3
3
27
(64) 2

4.

27

5.

8
4

2
3

144

18

1
2

6.

125

(8) 2

1
2

(27)

1
2

28

1.

, ,
2. 4
, ,
3.
3.1 U
3.2 U

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3. -

29

1. (Sets)
1.1


1)
2)
3)
4)
( Element )
1)
2)
3) 5
4)
1.2

A , B , C , . . . , Y , Z

( Epsilon)

A 2 , 3 , 4 , 8 , 10
2 A A 2 A
10 A A 10 A

5 A 5 A
7 A 7 A

30

2
1.
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = { a, e, i, o, u}
C = {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...}
2.
A = { x | x 5}
B = { x | x }
C = {x | x }

1.
A = { a , b , c }
B = {b,c,a}
A B
2.

A = { 0 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 } 4 0 , 1 , 2 , 3

1.3
1.3.1 ( Empty Set or Null Set )

{ }

A = { x | x }
A
B = { x | x I+ x + 2 = x }
B 2

31

B
1. ( )
2. 0
3. { 0 } 1
1.3.2 ( Finite Set )

A = { 1 , 2 , {3} } 3 n(A) = 3
B = { x | x 1 x 100 } 100

n(B) = 100
C = { x | x 0 1 } C
0 n(C) = 0
D = { 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , 99 } 99 n(D) = 99
E = { x | x } 7 n(E) = 7
A n(A)
1.3.3 ( Infinite Set )

(
)

A
B
C
T

=
=
=
=

{ -1 , -2 , -3 , }
{ x | x = 2n n }
{ x | x }
{ x | x }

32

1.
/
2552
2.
3.
/
4. 10
5.
/
/

/
/

1.3.4 ( Equal Set )

A B A = B A
B B A

A B B
A A B A B
A = { 0 , { 1,2 } }
B = { { 2 ,1 } , 0 }

A = B
A = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 }
B = { x | x 10 }

A = {2,4,6,8}
B 10
B = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 }
A = B
A = { 2 , 3 , 5 } , B = { 5 , 2 , 3 , 5 } C = { x | x2 8x + 15 = 0 }

x2 - 8x + 15 = 0
( x 3 ) (x 5 ) = 0
X = 3,5

33

C = {3,5}
A B

A C 2 A 2 C
B C 2 B 2 C
1.3.5 ( Equivalent Set )

A B A ~ B A B
A B
A = { 1 , 2 , 3 }
B = {4,5,6}
A B
A B
C = { xy , ab }
D = {0,1}

C ~ D

1) A = { x / x x2 10x + 9 = 0 }
B = {1,9}
2) C = { a , { b, c } , d }
D = {1,2,{3}}
3) E = { 1 , 4 , 7 }
F = {4,1,7}

1) A = B A B
2) C D C D
3) E = F E F

34

1. A = B A B
2. A B A B
1.3.6

U
U
A = x | x 2 4 A
A = 2
U = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
A
A = 2,4,6,8,10

35

1
1.
1)
2)
3)
4) 20
5) 120
6) { x|x 5 15 }
7) { x|x 0 o 5 15 }
2.
1) A = {3456}
2) B = {a,b,c,de,fg,hij,}
3) C = { x|x 10 35 }
4) D = { x|x }
3.
1) K = { 2,4,6,8}
2) P = { 1,2,3,...}
3) H = { 1,4,9,16,25,...}
4.
1)
2) 21 300
3) A = { x | x x 0 }
4) B = { x | x 2 }
5) C = { x | x = 9 x 3 = 5 }
6) A = { x | x 1 }
7) E = { x | x 1 x 3 }
8) F = { x | x 4 x 5 }
9) B = { x | x x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 }

36

10) D = { x | x 5 }
5.
1) A = { 2,4,6,8,10 }
B = {X|X 2 10 }
2) D = { 7,14,21,28,......343}
E = { X|X = 7r r 50 }
3) F = { x|x =3n n

}
G = { 3,6,9}
4) Q = {4}
H = { X|X x 2 16 }

37

2.
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.1
A B = { x | x A x B } (union)
A B
1. A = {0 , 1 , 2 , 3} B = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7}

= {0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 7}
2. M = {x | x } L = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4}

=M
3. W = {a , s , d , f} Z = {p , k , b}

= {a , s , d , f , p , k , b}
4 A ={1,2,3} , B= {3,4,5}
A B = {1,2,3,4,5}
2.2
A B = { x|x A x B }
(intersection) A B
1. A = {0 , 1 , 2 , 3} B = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7}

= {1 , 3}
2. M = {x | x } L = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4}

=L

38

3. W = {a , s , d , f} Z = {p , k , b}

={ }
/

2.3
U U
A (complement of A) A (complement) A U
A U A
A = { x | x A }
1. U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} A = {0 ,2}

= {1, 3,4, 5}
2. U = {0, 1, 2, 3, ... } C = { x|x }
= { x |x U x }

2.4 _
A B A
B A B A B A - B = { x | x A x B }
1. A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} B = {3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7}
A - B = {0, 1, 2} B - A = {5 , 6 , 7}

39

2. U = {1, 2, 3, ... } C = { x|x }

U-C = {x|x }

A,B C U
1)
A B B A
A B B A

2)
A B C A B C
A B C A B C
3)
A B C A B A C
A B C A B A C
4)
A A A
U A A U A

5)

A A U

6) U U
7) A A
8)

A A A

9)

A B A B

10) A

A A A

A A

40

2
1) A = { 0,1,2,3,4,5}, B { 1,2,3,4 }
1) A
.
2). B .
3). A
............................................
4). B ..
5). A B..
6). B A..
2). U = { 1,2,3,....,10 }
A = { 2,4,6,8,10 }
B = { 1,3,5,7,9}
C = { 3,4,5,6,7 }

1. A
.
2. B

..

3. B

..

4. A

5.

C .

6.

C A ..

7.

C B

8. ( A

41

3. -
3.1 -

- (John
Venn ..2377-2466) (Leonard Euler .. 2250-2326)

- (Venn-Euler)
(U)
U

-

(Union) -

( )

42

(intersection)
-

(Complement)
A U A
(U) A ( )
-

(relative complement or difference)

- A - B
( A B

43

3.1
A B
n (A B) = n (A) + n (B)
A B
n (A B) = n (A) + n (B) n (A B)

1)
2)
5)
7)

n (A)
= 16
n (A B) = 6
n ( A/ )
= 12
n (A B)/ = 22

2)
4)
6)
8)

n (B)
n (A B)
n(B/)
n ( A/ B/ )

=
=
=
=

18
28
10
22

3 A 15 B 12 A B
7 A B

n (A) = 15 , n (B) = 12 , n (A B ) = 7
n ( A B ) = n ( A ) + n (B) - n ( A B) = 15 + 12 7 = 20
A B 20

44

4 A B U U = ( 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , 10 }
n (A/ B/ ) = 5 , n (A/ ) = 3 , n (B) = 6 n ( A B) /

n ( U ) = 10 , n (A/ B/ ) = 5 , n (A/ ) = 3 , n (B) = 6

n (A/ B/ ) = n (A B/) n ( A B) = 10 5 = 5
n (A) = 10 3 = 7
n ( A B ) = n ( A ) + n (B) - n ( A B)
n(A B) = 7+65 = 8
n ( A B) / = 10 - 8 = 2
A B C
n (A B C ) = n (A) + n (B) + n (C) - n (A B) n (B C)- n (A C) + n (A B C)
5

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

n (U)
n (A)
n (B C)
n (A C)
n (A B C )

= 60
= 26
= 7
= 8
= 3

45

3.2

--
1 80 18 23
9

1)
2)
A
B

1) n (A) = 18 , n (B) = 23 , n (A B) = 9
n (A B) = n(A) + n(B) - n (A B) = 18 + 23 9 = 32
32
2) 80
= 80 - 32 = 48
48

46

2 100
52 60
14

1 A
B
n (A) = 52 , n(B) = 60
n ( A/ B/ ) = 14 = n ( A B )/ [A/ B/ = ( A B ) / ]
n ( A B ) = 100
n ( A B ) = n(A) + n(B) - n (A B)
86
= 52 + 60 - n (A B)
n (A B) = 112 - 86 = 26
26
2

x

( 52 - x ) + x + ( 60 - x ) = 100 - 14
112 - x
= 86
x
= 112 - 86 = 26
26

47

3 1,000 800
40 280
1)
2)
3)
4)
U
A

B

A B
n ( U ) = 1,000 , n ( A ) = 800 , n ( B ) = 400 , n (A B) = 280

1) 800 - 280 = 520

2) 400 - 280 = 120
3)
1,000 - 520 - 280 - 120 = 80

48

4)

1,000 - 280 = 720 520 + 120 + 80 = 720

4 3 , , . 113 ,
. 180 , . 190 , . . 45 , .
. 25 , . . 20 , 3 15 , 3
72

1
A .
B .
C .
n (A B C) = n (A) + n (B) + n (C) - n (A B) n (B C)
- n ( A C ) + n (A B C)

n (A)
= 113
n (B)
= 180
n (C)
= 190
n (A B)
= 45
n (A C)
= 25
n (B C)
= 20
n (A B C) = 15

n (A B C) = 113 + 180 + 190 + - 45 20 25 -+ 15 = 408

. . .
= 408
3
= 72

408 + 72 = 480

49

2
A .
B .
C .

. . . = 58 + 30 + 10 + 15 + 160
= 408
3
= 72

408 + 72 = 480

50

3
1.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B
A B
A
A B
A B

2.

1. A
2. A B
3. AUB
4. A B

51

3.

U , A, B AB 100 ,40,25, 6

A-B

B-A

AB

(AB

4. 75 27 34
42 14 12
10 7

52

1.


2.

1.
2.

1.
2.

53

1.


2

1.1 ( Inductive Reasoning )

1. :
:
2.

3.

54

4.


1.
0+2 = 2 ()
2+4 = 6 ()
4+6 = 10 ()
6+8 = 14 ()
8+10 = 18 ()

2.
11x11 = 121
11x111 = 12321
1111x1111 = 1234321
11111x11111 = 123454321
3.
(1 x 9) + 2 = 11
(12 x 9) + 3 = 111
(123 x 9) + 4 = 1111
(1234 x 9) + 5 = 11111

1.
2.
3.
1. 2, 4, 6 , a a a = 8
2. 2, 4, 6 , a a
a = 10 4 + 6 = 10
3. 2, 4, 6 , a a a = 22
6 = (2 x 4)-2 22 = (4 x 6)-2

55

4.
F(n) = n2 - 79n + 1601
n F(n)
n = 1 F(1) = 1523
n = 2 F(2) = 1447
n = 3 F(3) = 1373
2
F(n) = n - 79n + 1601
n n = 79 F(79)
n2 - 79n + 1601
F(n) = n2 - 79n + 1601
F(80) = 802 - (79)(80) + 1601
= 1681
= (41)(41)
F(80)

56

1) 1,4,9,16, , ,49, 64, ,

2) 2,7,17, ,52 , ,
3) 5,4,1,-1, , ,
4) 5,10,30,120, ,
5) 12345679 X 9 = 111111111

12345679 X 18 = 222222222
12345679 X 27 = 333333333
12345679 X =
12345679 X = 999999999
6)
2
=
2
2+4 =
6
2+4+6 =
12
2+4+6+8 = 20
2+4+6+8+ = 30
2+4+ +8+ 12 =
2+ + +8+ 12+14 =
2+ + +8+ +12+14+ =

57

1.2. (Deductive reasoning)

1. 1) 2
2) 10 2
10
2. 1) 10
2) 11

58

3. 1)
2)


(valid)
1)
2)





1.
6
6

2.

3.
4.

59

2

1) 1.

2)

3)

4)

5)

2.

1.
2.

1.
2.

1. 9 3
2. 15 3
15 9
1.
2.

60

2. -
.. 1707 - 1783

1. 1 1
2. 2
3. 2

61

1. 1 :
2 :

62

" " " 2 " "

"
2.

1 :
2 :

63

3

1) 1.

2)

3)

4)

5)

2.

1.
2.

1.
2.
3.

1. a
2. a
a
1.
2.

64

1.
2. 2
2.1 (sine)

2.2 (cosine)

2.3 (tangent)

3. 3 sine , cosine tangent

cosecant , secant cotangent
4. 30,45 60
5.

1.
2. 30 0 , 450 60 0
3.

1.
2. 30, 45 60
3.

65

1.







1.
3
2 3 2

B
Y
c

z
x

C = Z
= X
,
,
B = Y
ABC XYZ

AB BC AC

XY YZ
XZ

a
b
c

x
y
z

a,b,c AB, BC AC ABC

x,y,z XY,YZ XZ XYZ

66

a b

x y
b c

y z
a c

x z

a x

b y
b y

c z
a x

c z

A
B
c

z
a

Y
x

( 3 )

a x a x c z
, ,
c z b y b y

( )

67

2.
ABC c a , b , c A
, B , C

c
a

AB c
BC A a A
AC B b A

ABC

c
a b

c 2 a 2 b2
a A
b B
c C

68

1).
a

5
a

2).

12
13

69

5 2 a 2 32
a 2 9 2 25
a 2 16

a4

2).
a 2 122 13
a 2 144 169
b 2 25

b 5

ABC c a , b , c A
, B , C
B
c

A
A

1. A
(sine) A

a
c

70
b
c

2. A
(cosine) A

a
b

3. A A

(tangent) A
A A


A
Sin A =

A
Cos A =
A
Tan A =
A

ABC C
1. sin A, cos A tan A
2. sin B, cos B tan B
6
8

ABC C
AB 2 AC 2 BC 2
AC = 8 , BC = 6
AB 2 82 6 2
AB 2 64 36
AB 2 100
AB 2 10 10 10 2

AB = 10

71

(1) sin A, cos A tan A A

A
BC
6
3

AB 10 5
A AC 8 4
Cos A = AB 10 5
A BC 6 3
Tan A = A AC 8 4

Sin A =

(2) sin B, cos B tan B B

B AC 8 4
Sin B = AB 10 5
B BC 6 3
Cos B = AB 10 5
B AC 8 4
Tan B = B BC 6 3

1. A B 1800 C 1800 900 900
2. sin A = cos B
3. cos A = sin B

72

1
1.

(1)

(2)

2. ABC C 90 0
1) sin A , cos A tan A
2) sin B , cos B tan B

73

3. (sin) (cos) (tan)

4. ABC C AB = 10 AC = 8
1 ) BC
2) sin A , cos A tan A
3) sin B , cos B tan B

74

2. 30 ,45 , 60
60
ABC
A

300

300

30
0

60

60
1

60
1

ABC ABC
ABC
B
AB 2 AC 2 BC 2

300

2 2 12 BC 2

4 1 BC 2
BC 2 4 1

BC 2 3

60

BC =

Sin
Cos
Tan

3
2
1
60 0
2
3
60 0
3
1

60 0

BC 3

75

30
1
2

Sin

30 0

Cos

30 0

Tan

30 0

3
2
1

45
ABC

ABC
AC 2 AB 2 BC 2
AC 2 12 12
AC 2 1 1
AC 2 2

AC 2

AC =

sin 45 0
cos 45 0

1
2
1

2
2

1
tan 45 0 1
1

2
2

76

sin

30 0

sin 45 0

sin

1
2

2
3
60 0
2

cos
,

2
2

30 0

cos 45 0

cos

600

3
2

1
2
1
2

tan
,

2
2

30 0

1
3

1
tan 45 0 1
1

tan

60 0

3
3
1

77

1.

2. cos
3. "sin-( ) cos-( /k/ )"

o (
)
cos 30 ( )
cos30= sin cos
tan=sin/cos

78

( 3 )
0 0 90 0 0 1

79

a, b

BC
AB
0
sin 32 0.530

sin 32 0

BC = a , AB = 10

0.530

a
10

a 10 0.530
a 5.3

1.

sin 45 0
tan 45 0
0
cos 45

2. sin 30 0 sin 60 0 cos 300 cos 60 0

3. cos 30 0

sin 30
2

0 2

4. tan 2 30 0 2 sin 60 0 tan 450 tan 60 0 cos 2 30 0

4
5. cos 60 0 tan 2 450 tan 2 30 0 cos 2 30 0 sin 30 0
3

sin 45 0
1.
tan 45 0
0
cos 45

2
2 1
2
2

=1-1 =0
3 3

2 2 2 2

= 1 1

2. sin 30 0 sin 60 0 cos 300 cos 60 0

3. cos 30

sin 30 =

0 2

0 2

3 1 4
1
4 4 4

3
3
1
1 3

2
3
2

1
3
3 1 3
3
4
25
12

=
4
5. cos 60 tan 45 tan 2 30 0 cos 2 30 0 sin 30 0
3
0

1 3
1
4 4

3 1 2

2 2

4. tan 30 2 sin 60 tan 45 tan 60 cos 30

2

1
4 1 3
1
2

1

2
3 3 2
2

1
4 3 1
1
2
9 4 2
7
36

80

(Trigonometric ratio)
(Trigonometry)
3
1. A secan A sec A cos A cos A 0
sec A =

1
; cos A 0
cos A

2. A cosecan A cosec A sin A sin A

0 cosec A =

1
; sin A 0
sin A

3. A cotangent A cot A tan A tan A

0 cotangent A =

1
; tan A 0
tan A

81

82

2
1.
1) sin 300 sin 600 cos 300 cos 600
2) sin 60 0 2 cos 60 0 2
3) 1 tan 450
2.
1) sin 20 0
2) sin 380
3) cos 50 0
4) cos 52 0
5) tan 77 0
6) tan 89 0
3. ABC C
cos B, sin B, tan B, sec B, cosec B, cot B
4. a, b c

83

5. ABC C a,b,c A, B
C
(1) cot A = 3 , a = 5 b,c
(2) cos B =

3
5

a = 9 tan A

84

85

1 100
60

600 100 3

100 3

2 50 60 0

86

60 0
cos 60
0

1 60 0

2
50
60 0 50
2

25
3 50
30

A
AC 50
BC
AD // BC CB A DA B 300
ABC

AC
BC
1
50

3 BC

tan 30 0

BC 50 3 50 1.732
BC 86.6

87

3
1. 20 30

2. 45
16
160

3. 1
60

88

1.
2.

3.

1.
2.

3.


1.
2.
3.

89

1.
1.1





1.

1.
2.
3.
4. = x
5.
= ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )
2.

1.
2.
3.
4. = x

90

3.

1.
2.
3. = X
4.

1.
2.
3.
4. = x

91

5.

1. 2
2.
3.
4. =

6.

1. 1
2.

7.

1.
2.
3.
4.

2
= r 2
2 r

92

1.2

93

1.3

1.4

94

1.5

95

1.6

1.7
1) ABC EF
ABC EF

2)

yy

96

3)

1.6

1.

1

2 1

97

2.

1
2

3 2
4 3

3.

1 1
2 1 1
30

98

3
4


4.
5.

6.

( Geoboard ) ( Isometric dot paper )

99

30

100

1
1.

. ABCD
. BD E
. BDEG
. BDE BDEG
2.

101

3.

102

2.


2.1 ( Translation )



(slide) 1
2

103

2.2

-x
x
C

B
/

A
C
/

A/

ABC
O
ABC
ABC 90
AOA 90
BOB 90 COC 90

2.3 ( reflection )
(reflection line Mior
line)


1.

2.

104

ABC ABC m
ABC ABC AA m
P A m m A ( AP PA )

105

1
1.
.

.
A
C
B

C
D

2.
.

106

( )
3

Y
A(4,3)

C(

C(1,1)
0
A/(2,1)

B(5,1)

B/(1,3)

C
/

Y
D
(3,5)

A(
B(
C(

C
A
D/(2,0) 0

B
C/(0,2)

A (5,-3)
B/(3,-5)

,
,
,

)
)
)

107

2

-
-
-
-

108

3
1.
Y

B
C
A

ABC
ABC

90 (0 , 0)

2.
Y

Y
X
Z
O

O/X/Y/Z/
OXYZ

270 (0 , 0)

109
3.

Y
B

0 A

(-2,2)

AB

AB
90 (-2, -2)

4.

B
, (-4
2)

A
C

ABC
ABC

90 (-4 , -2)

110

3.


1.

2.

3.

111

4.

112

4.


1 14

14

14
= x
= 14x14x14
= 2,744
= 6 x
= 6 x (14 x 14)
= 1,176
2 10 14
2

113

10 2 2 = 6
14 2 2 = 10
2
= x x
= 6 x10 x 2
= 120

114

1.
2.

3.

4. 2

5.
3

1.

2.
3.

1.
2.
3.

115

1.

State
2
1.


2. Statistic

1.1
1. ( Qualitative clasification )


2. (Qualitative data )

116

2
- ( Primary data )

- ( Secondary data )

1.2
3

1).
/



1.1


1.2

2).


3).




( Population )
( Sample )

117

1.3



1.3.1 ( Frequency distribution )




( Variable )


x
20 5 / 17,13,10,9,6
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. 2
1)
/

1 25 15
12
9
10
14
6
13
11
7
9
10
7
5
8
6
11
4
10
2
12
8
10
15
9
4
7

118

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

/
//
/
//
///
//
///
////
//
//
/
/
/

0
1
0
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
25

( x ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
( f ) 0 1 0 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 1

25

2)

119

1.
1.1 ( Class interval ) 1120 , 21 -30 ,6170 ,81-90
1.2. 1 11-20
61-70 10
1.3 10
1.4 ( Frequency )
41-50 11 41-50 11
1.4
( Commulative frequency )
(
)
2 ()
142 145 160 174
164 148 154 166
152 160 141 148
166 164 130 158

40
146 154 152 157 185 158
154 175 144 138 174 168
152 145 148 154 178 156
162 159 180 136 135 172

120

1.5
( Relative frequency )

3

1 100

121

1.6
( Relative Commulative frequency )

4

1.7 ( Class limit )

( )
1.1 ( Upper boundary )

140 -149
=

149 150
149.5
2

1.2 ( Lower boundary )

160 -169
=

160 159
159.5
2

122

1.8 ( Mid point )

150 -159

150 159
154.5
2

3 (
. 2546 )
1. ( Histogram )
2. ( Frequency polygon )
3. ( Frequency curve )

123

1
1.
2. 5
3. 5



................................................................................................................



................................................................................................................
4.
5. ()
5.1
5.2
5.3 3-6
5.4 2
5.5
6.
7. ( ) 50
27 35 21 49 24 29 22 37 32 49
33 28 30 24 26 45 38 22 40 46
20 31 18 27 25 42 21 30 25 27
26 50 31 19 53 22 28 36 24 23
21 29 37 32 38 31 36 28 27 41
= 8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 45

124

2.

3
1. (Arithmetic mean)
2.
(Median)
3.
(Mode)

2.1. (Arithmetic mean)
x

x1 , x2 , x3 , , xn N

x
n

14 , 16 , 14 , 17 , 16 , 14 , 18 , 17
1)
2) 3
1)

15.75

125

2)
3 11 13 11 14 13 11 15 14

14 16 14 17 16 14 18 17

3 12.75

f1 , f2 , f3 , , fk x1 , x2 , x3 ,. , xk

40

(f1)
x1
f1x1
11 12
7
15.5
108.5
21 30
6
25.5
153
31 40
8
35.5
284
41 50
15
45.5
682.5
51 - 60
4
55.5
222

126

fx
x

= 1450
40

= 36.25
= 36.25

1.
2.
3.

=
=0
M =
M

4.
x min < x < max
5. y1 = axi + b , I = 1, 2, 3, ., N a , b
=a

+b

(Combined Mean)

1 , 2 , , k
N1 , N2 , , Nk 1 , 2 , , k
=

127

.6/1
40 70 .6/2 35
68 .6/3 38
72 3

=
=
= 70.05

2.2. (Median)
Med

1)

2)
=

N 1
2

N
3)

1.

2.

=

N 1
2

128

3.


5, 9, 16, 15, 2, 6, 1, 4, 3, 4, 12, 20, 14, 10, 9, 8, 6, 4, 5, 13
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 20

=
=

N 1
2
20 1
2

= 10.5

68
2

= 7

(1)
(2) N N
2

(3)

N
2

N
2

N
2

Med =

N
2

f l I
2

L
fm

f
l

fm

I

N

129

2.3 (Mode)


Mo

( )

- 1

130

1. 2 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13
1

2. 2
2, 4, 4, 7, 7, 9, 8, 5 4 7 2
2 4 7
3. 1, 2,
1





d1
Mo Lo i

d1 d 2

Mo =
Lo =
d1

d 2

i =

131

120

d1
Mo Lo i

d1 d 2

Lo = 69.5 ,

d1

45 22 = 23 ,

d2

45 30 = 15 i = 79.5 69.5 = 10

23
Mo 69.5 10
75.55
23 15

75.55

= 3 ( )
Mo = x 3x Md

132

2
1. 20
32
60
54
48
60
52
46
35
60
38
44
48
49
54
47
48
44
48
60
32
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
2.
( )
( f 1 )
1001 -1099
901 - 999
801 - 899
701 - 799
601 - 699
501 599
401 - 499
301 -399

9
20
31
47
39
24
18
12

........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................

133

3.
2
3.1. ( Informal presentation )
2

/
2546
960 540 1,500
/ 3,020

2543

65,364

32,413

23,537

12,547

9,064

132,541

275,466

3.2. ( Formal presentation )

3.2.1

134

(table number) (title)
(prefatory note)

(Stub head)

(stub entries)

(Column head)

(body)

(footnote)
( source note)
1.

2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

..

2480
7,313,584
1,150,521
2490
8,722,155
8,720,534
2503
13,154,149
13,103,767
2513
17,123,862
17,273,512
2523
22,008,063
22,170,074

( )

14,464,105
17,442,689
26,257,916
34,397,374
44,278,137

135

3.2.2 ( Pictogram) 1
100 550 5


2526-2531
= 100
2526

221

2527

237

2528

388

2529

388

2530
2531

435
529

:
2526 221 2531
529
3.2.3

100

136

( )

3.2.4 (bar chart)

(bar)

3.2.4. 1 (Simple Bar Chart)

1 1.4

1 .

137

2 2540

3.2.4.2 (Multiple Bar Chart)

2
(Key)
3
3

138

3.2.5




( )




3.2.5.1
.. 2533

()
2526
14,623
2527
19,373
2528
18,746
2529
15,845
2530
26,030
2531
34,034
:

.. 2526 2531

()

139

40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2526

2527

2528

2529

2530

2531

..

3.2.5.2
2


24 2517
2523

2517
518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523

(/)
4,501
4,796
3,806
2,892
3,112
3,957
2,288

(/)
5,811
6,695
6,521
5,142
5,010
5,538
5,605

140

25
23

25
21

25
19

25
17

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

: 2525 14 6

141

3
1. () 2545 2546
.. 2545 4,571 3,820 2546
5,830 4,259
.
.
.
.
. /
.
.
.
2.
4 2546

4
3
2
1
0

4.49 9.51 22.88 43.58 16.28

5.82 12.14 26.55 41.18 13.10

4.82 11.23 23.50 39.81 19.91

9.04 16.60 29.10 34.75 9.09

84.55
13.67

1. 4 0

2.
3.
4.
5.
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

142

6. .. 2544 .. 2545

( )
2544
2545
2.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
3.5
1.5
2.0
1.0
1.5

1. 2544
2. 2544 2545
3. 2544
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
4. .. 2540 ..
2546
( )
..


2540
1,550
130
2541
1,529
141
2542
1,395
159
2543
2,068
161
2544
1,538
122
2545
1,352
147
2546
1,958
145

143

3.3

(Information)

-
-
-

144

145

4
1.
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
2.
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

146

1.

2.

- (Ramdom Experiment)
- (Sample Space)
- (Even)
3.


1.

2.

3.

1.
2.
3.

147

1.

1. 1. 2
n1 n2
n1 n2

1

n
1

n
2

= n1 n2

1 1
1 2
1

2
1 2 2 (H )
( T ) 1 2
2 2 2 2 ( H T )
* 2 1 = 2 2 = 4

148

2 1 4 HH, HT, TH, TT

149

3 2 1
2 1 2
1

6
1 6 6 1 , 2, 3
., 6 )
2 1 = 6 6 = 36

( 1 , 1) ( 1 , 2 ) (1 , 3 ) ( 1 , 4) ( 1 , 5) ( 1 , 6)
( 2 , 1) ( 2 , 2 ) (2 , 3 ) ( 2 , 4) ( 2 , 5) ( 2 , 6)
( 3 , 1) ( 3 , 2 ) (3 , 3 ) ( 3 , 4) ( 3 , 5) ( 3 , 6)
( 4 , 1) ( 4 , 2 ) (4 , 3 ) ( 4 , 4) ( 4 , 5) ( 4 , 6)
( 5 , 1) ( 5 , 2 ) (5 , 3 ) ( 5 , 4) ( 5 , 5) ( 5 , 6)
( 6 , 1) ( 6 , 2 ) (6 , 3 ) ( 6 , 4) ( 6 , 5) ( 6 , 6)
1. 2. 3

3 3
4 2 2
3
1 (Tree Diagram )
3
1 2 3

150

12
2
A

A
= ( 1 , 2 )
B

B
= ( 1 , 2 )
C

B
= ( 1 , 2 , 3 )

A B = { (1 , 1) , (1 , 2) , (2,4) , (2 , 2)}
n(AxB) = n(A) x n(B)
= 4

( A B ) C = { (1 , 1, 1 ), (1 , 1, 2 ), (1 , 1, 3 ), (1 , 2, 1 ), (1 , 2, 2 ), (1 , 2, 3 ),
(2 , 1, 1 ), (2 , 1, 2 ), (2 , 1, 3 ), (2 , 2, 1 ), (2 , 2, 2 ), (2 , 2, 3 )}
N ( A B C ) = n(AxB) x n(C)
= n(A) x n(B) x n(C)
= 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
12

151

1.
2.
3.

4.
4
6 2
4
1.
2.
3.
6 2 4 4

1)

6

= 6 5 4 3 = 360
2)

2

4

4

3
= 2

( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4 3 = 96

152

3)

4
3
2
1
=4

( )
( )
( )
( )
3 2 1 = 24

5 PHYSIC 3
( )
1.
2.
PHYSIC 1 5 6

1
2
3
1. 3
2.

= 6 5 4 = 120
= 5 4 3 = 60

6
3 -
1.
2. -
3. -
4. -
3 1 2 3

1.
2.
3.
4.

= 3
-
= 3 3 = 9 ( )
- = 3 2
= 6
- = 3 1
= 3

153

7
4 5
1.
2. 1


1
2
3
4
1. ( ) = 5 5 5 5 = 625
2. 1

= 5 4 3 2 = 120

154

1
1. 1 3
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
2. 4 5

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
3. 5

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
4. 6 5 1 1

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
5. 3
5 4

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

155

6. 6
10
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
7. 8

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
8. 1 4

1.
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
5. 4
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

156

2.



1. (Random Experiment)

1 1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6
6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
2 1 5 5

3 1 1

1 H
T
1

157

(H, H), (H, T), (T, H) (T, T)
2. (Sample Space )
( Universal Set ) S
4
1 2 3 4 5 6
S = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
5 2
1.
1.
(a b) a

b

S
=
{(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),
(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),
(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),
(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6),
(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),
(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}

158

3. (event) Sample Space

7 1 1
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
E1 3 E1 = {3, 6}
E2 2
E2 = {3, 4, 5, 6}
8 3 2 2
1.
2. 1 1
1.
S = {, }
B
B = {}
2.
S
S = {12,13,11,12,23,21,22,31,32,12}
C 1 1
C
C = {11,12,21,22,31,32}

10 1 2
1 1 2

4 HH, HT, TH TT
1 3 HH, HT TH

159

4.


(
)

E
P(E)
n(E)
n(S)
P( E ) =

n( E )
n( S )

1 4 0, 1, 2, 3 2
3
S
S = {(0, 1),(0, 2),(0, 3),(1, 2),(1, 3),(2, 3) }
n(S) = 6
E
E = {(1, 3),(2, 3)}
n (E) = 2
p( E ) nE PE 2 1
6 3
nS
3 1
3

160

1. E S
0 n(E)n(S)
2. E S
2.1 0P(E)1
2.2 P(E)=1
P(E)=0
2.3 S P(S)=1

161

2
1.
(1)
(2) 2 6
(3) 5 6 7 8 10 1 10

(4)
(5) 3 7

(6) 3
(7) 2 1 3 3
2
(8) 2
(9) 4
(10)
5
1. S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
1 = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }

= {1, 3 ,5 ,7 ,9 }
={ 2, 3, 4, 5 }
= { 1, 6, 7 }
2

S
(1) 1 3
(2) 1 2
(3) 3
(4) 3 4 2
(5) S 3
(6) 1 2 3
2. 1 , 2 , 3 2
(1) 1 2
(3) 1 3 2
(2) 1 2

(4) 1 2 3

162

3. ( 15 )
1 1 9
2 5
3 9
(1) 1 2
(3) 1 3 2
(2) 1 2
(4) 2 3
4 1 10 0 9

1
2
3
4 3
1 , 2 , 3 4
(1)
(2) 3
(3) 3
(4)
2. 2 7 10
2
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

163

4.


1 52 2 4
13 1
S = 52 1 52
n(S) = 52
E = 13 26
n(E) = 13 + 26 = 39
p( E ) nE PE 39 3
52 4
nS
1 3
4

1 75 %
2 1 10 0 - 9
2 3 5 7
S = 10 1 10
S = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,}
n(S)=10
E =
E ={2,3,5,7,}
n(E)=4

p( E )

n E
nS

PE

4 2

10 5

2
5

40 %

164

3 2 1 13
2 6 + 6 = 12
13
13 0
2 13

165

1. 1 1

1. 4
2.
3. 4
4. 7
5. 0
6. 6
7. 3
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
3. 10 6 4 7
4 3
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
4. 6 4 4
2 1 2

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
5. 3 2
9 2 2

.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

166